WO2019039130A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019039130A1 WO2019039130A1 PCT/JP2018/026382 JP2018026382W WO2019039130A1 WO 2019039130 A1 WO2019039130 A1 WO 2019039130A1 JP 2018026382 W JP2018026382 W JP 2018026382W WO 2019039130 A1 WO2019039130 A1 WO 2019039130A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbonate
- group
- anhydride
- methyl
- preferable
- Prior art date
Links
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- -1 hexafluorophosphate anion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 174
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 154
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 111
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 88
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 20
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- URSLCTBXQMKCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrogenborate Chemical compound OB(O)[O-] URSLCTBXQMKCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 100
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 75
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 72
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 68
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 60
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 59
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 46
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 44
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 42
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 41
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 41
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 36
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 33
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 32
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 29
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 28
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 28
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 28
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 24
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 23
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 15
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 13
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 12
- QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CF QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical group O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 9
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 8
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 7
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- FZXRXKLUIMKDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpropyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC(C)C FZXRXKLUIMKDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 6
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 6
- QHTJSSMHBLGUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 QHTJSSMHBLGUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 5
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940122361 Bisphosphonate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 5
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BBLXFRIGTQYGOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluorobenzoyl) 4-fluorobenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 BBLXFRIGTQYGOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BJMLLSSSTGHJJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylbenzoyl) 4-methylbenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 BJMLLSSSTGHJJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GUYHXQLLIISBQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexyl-2-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1C1CCCCC1 GUYHXQLLIISBQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FOLJHXWWJYUOJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethynyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OCC(C#C)O1 FOLJHXWWJYUOJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910012258 LiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CRZQGDNQQAALAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl benzeneacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CRZQGDNQQAALAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 4
- GRCAXSKSTZXYIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanecarbonyl cyclopentanecarboxylate Chemical compound C1CCCC1C(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCC1 GRCAXSKSTZXYIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 4
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium titanium Chemical compound [Li].[Ti] SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HAMGRBXTJNITHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl isocyanate Chemical compound CN=C=O HAMGRBXTJNITHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BGCIWPHADHBSOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoyl) 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoate Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F BGCIWPHADHBSOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEHFQQWAINXOQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyacetyl) 2-methoxyacetate Chemical compound COCC(=O)OC(=O)COC PEHFQQWAINXOQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YLBSXJWDERHYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylbenzoyl) 2-methylbenzoate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C YLBSXJWDERHYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KKDPRVYYZZUPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-tert-butylbenzoyl) 4-tert-butylbenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 KKDPRVYYZZUPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004974 2-butenyl group Chemical group C(C=CC)* 0.000 description 3
- ZGFLMSYIISDCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1h-quinolin-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(Cl)=CC(=O)C2=C1 ZGFLMSYIISDCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLVLNNCBGQYRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4-tetrafluorooxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound FC1(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C1(F)F ZLVLNNCBGQYRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BYIKWKFPFYXVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1CC(=O)OC1=O BYIKWKFPFYXVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DFATXMYLKPCSCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylsuccinic anhydride Chemical compound CC1CC(=O)OC1=O DFATXMYLKPCSCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GZDFHIJNHHMENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl dicarbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(=O)OC GZDFHIJNHHMENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910016118 LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002991 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910011328 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 0 OC(C(O1)=O)O*1(OC1=O)OC1=O Chemical compound OC(C(O1)=O)O*1(OC1=O)OC1=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940022663 acetate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- URWVQLWOBPHQCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-ynyl) oxalate Chemical compound C#CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC#C URWVQLWOBPHQCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VJDDQSBNUHLBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-enoyl but-2-enoate Chemical compound CC=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=CC VJDDQSBNUHLBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 3
- TWLBDKWJIBSNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1,2-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1CCCCC1(C#N)C#N TWLBDKWJIBSNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C(C)C WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101150004907 litaf gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)=C DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003986 tuaminoheptane Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WLHJCCUFRCTNRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-phenylcyclohexyl)benzene Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WLHJCCUFRCTNRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOXXFRIKPZNUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-cyanoacetyl) 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound N#CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC#N XOXXFRIKPZNUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VERVERDPMMBDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethylphenyl) acetate Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O VERVERDPMMBDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QLQYLCRMTTXKHS-ZPUQHVIOSA-N (2e,4e)-hexa-2,4-dienedinitrile Chemical compound N#C\C=C\C=C\C#N QLQYLCRMTTXKHS-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODSGQWTYJFXIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-propylphenyl) acetate Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC(OC(C)=O)=C1 ODSGQWTYJFXIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCWLMXNMFUDVNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RCWLMXNMFUDVNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOROOXPAFHWVRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JOROOXPAFHWVRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ICLPNZMYHDVKKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenyl-2h-indene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(C)(C)CC1(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ICLPNZMYHDVKKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGGBMUDDLYWKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoro-2-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)CC(F)F PGGBMUDDLYWKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1C=CCC2C(=O)OC(=O)C21 KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCZQSKKNAGZQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(6-isocyanatohexyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN1C(=O)N(CCCCCCN=C=O)C(=O)N(CCCCCCN=C=O)C1=O KCZQSKKNAGZQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSCLFFBWRKTMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC1CCCC(CN=C=O)C1 XSCLFFBWRKTMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATOUXIOKEJWULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCCC(C)CC(C)(C)CN=C=O ATOUXIOKEJWULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN=C=O QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-butoxyethoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCCC GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CC MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPDIDUXTRAITDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-phenylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NPDIDUXTRAITDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGYVTHJIUNGKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidin-2-one Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1=O GGYVTHJIUNGKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRXUXNUNFHPWLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylbutane Chemical compound CCCCS(C)(=O)=O QRXUXNUNFHPWLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(C)(=O)=O YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAPSIUMUNHNUPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CCCS(C)(=O)=O QAPSIUMUNHNUPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyrrolidin-3-ylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCCN1C1CNCC1 HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[NH2+]1C=CN=C1 JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTULJCFJIIAAIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfobenzoyl)oxycarbonylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O VTULJCFJIIAAIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJUVXNPXFGXROA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-enoyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(=C)C(F)(F)F PJUVXNPXFGXROA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPXMMKAMIKNCSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F UPXMMKAMIKNCSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LBJHRZBIKGWMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(F)(F)F LBJHRZBIKGWMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HLEIMSOLPXIGIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-methylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S(C)(=O)=O HLEIMSOLPXIGIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIHLSLRANKCHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-enoyl 2-methylbut-2-enoate Chemical compound CC=C(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)=CC LIHLSLRANKCHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UWTDIWAIYSICFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-3-enoyl 2-methylbut-3-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)C=C UWTDIWAIYSICFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTWYQAQIXXAXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)S(C)(=O)=O VTWYQAQIXXAXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HHCHLHOEAKKCAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxaspiro[3.5]nonane-1,3-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C11CCCCC1 HHCHLHOEAKKCAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYIUWAVTBADRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-pyran-2,6(3H)-dione Chemical compound O=C1CC=CC(=O)O1 SYIUWAVTBADRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WDGHUZCUXKJUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoropropanenitrile Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC#N WDGHUZCUXKJUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXFIRQHMXJBTRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1C(C)C(=O)OC1=O HXFIRQHMXJBTRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YQEIMEGRSTXEMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-2-enoyl 3-methylbut-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C(C)C YQEIMEGRSTXEMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWEYDBUEGDKEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyloxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCOS1(=O)=O VWEYDBUEGDKEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QZYCWJVSPFQUQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 QZYCWJVSPFQUQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVPRNSAYSSEIGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenyloxane-2,6-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)CCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 NVPRNSAYSSEIGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HDFKMLFDDYWABF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)CC1C1=CC=CC=C1 HDFKMLFDDYWABF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HMMBJOWWRLZEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CCCC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O HMMBJOWWRLZEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1COC(=O)O1 GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylbiphenyl Chemical group C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CANNDADZLNCIIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1=COC(=O)O1 CANNDADZLNCIIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXXOPVULXOEHTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound CC1=COC(=O)O1 HXXOPVULXOEHTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLSZDDTXTQEUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=C1COC(=O)O1 KLSZDDTXTQEUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLLQVNFCMHPYGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCC=C1 KLLQVNFCMHPYGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KNDQHSIWLOJIGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 826-62-0 Chemical compound C1C2C3C(=O)OC(=O)C3C1C=C2 KNDQHSIWLOJIGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DFFZQTWFPMFYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CCO[PH2]=O Chemical compound C=CCO[PH2]=O DFFZQTWFPMFYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFOPEPMHKILNIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(C)C FFOPEPMHKILNIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJMWOMHMDSDKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(C)C IJMWOMHMDSDKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013825 LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012752 LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl oxalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=O)OC LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOZIRNMDEZKZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenethyl phenylacetate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CCOC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZOZIRNMDEZKZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIYFJEKZLFWKLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenylmethyl benzeneacetate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MIYFJEKZLFWKLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CHIHQLCVLOXUJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic anhydride Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CHIHQLCVLOXUJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940007550 benzyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YRIJPMBUGWOQCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-ynyl) carbonate Chemical compound C#CCOC(=O)OCC#C YRIJPMBUGWOQCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QSSCOSSQQHIETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-yne-1,4-diol;methoxycarbonyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound OCC#CCO.COC(=O)OC(=O)OC QSSCOSSQQHIETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZQBDSLJTSETCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoyl but-3-enoate Chemical compound C=CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC=C OZQBDSLJTSETCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDEOKXOYHYUKMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-ynylbenzene Chemical compound C#CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 QDEOKXOYHYUKMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCC XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NMJJFJNHVMGPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl formate Chemical compound CCCCOC=O NMJJFJNHVMGPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002180 crystalline carbon material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1O PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOHUAELJNSBTGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarbonyl cyclohexanecarboxylate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 JOHUAELJNSBTGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- STZIXLPVKZUAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,1,2,2-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCC1(C(O)=O)C(O)=O STZIXLPVKZUAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- OOGHPPJXMDJTDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoro(methylsulfonyl)methane Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C(F)F OOGHPPJXMDJTDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- BWLSGGIBIVPZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiane 1,1,2,2-tetraoxide Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCCS1(=O)=O BWLSGGIBIVPZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNSIGFWHUVVKQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiocane 1,1,2,2-tetraoxide Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCCCCS1(=O)=O LNSIGFWHUVVKQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960004667 ethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WUDNUHPRLBTKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl isocyanate Chemical compound CCN=C=O WUDNUHPRLBTKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- KFXGXNSOGZKZMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro(methylsulfonyl)methane Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)CF KFXGXNSOGZKZMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-caprolactone Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaronitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC#N ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZQBFAOFFOQMSGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ZQBFAOFFOQMSGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNLFLMCWDHZINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,3,6-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC(C#N)CCC#N LNLFLMCWDHZINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-butyl acetate Natural products CC(C)COC(C)=O GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGFNRWTWDWVHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC(C)C RGFNRWTWDWVHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSACYLWPPQLVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid anhydride Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)C LSACYLWPPQLVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M isocaproate Chemical compound CC(C)CCC([O-])=O FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M isovalerate Chemical compound CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)CC(C)C OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHCLGECDSSWNCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOC CHCLGECDSSWNCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl isobutyrate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)C BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTBFPVLHGVYOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl phenyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XTBFPVLHGVYOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002900 methylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(methylamino)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(NC)NC SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical class CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNHVTXYLRVGMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl isocyanate Chemical compound CCCCN=C=O HNHVTXYLRVGMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001254 oxidized starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013808 oxidized starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-diene Chemical group C=CCC=C QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004065 perflutren Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XQZYPMVTSDWCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1C#N XQZYPMVTSDWCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002589 poly(vinylethylene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003405 preventing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JOCOFYRALUROTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynoyl prop-2-ynoate Chemical compound C#CC(=O)OC(=O)C#C JOCOFYRALUROTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIZZXCJMFIGMON-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC#C RIZZXCJMFIGMON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCSINKKTEDDPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl propionate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CC MCSINKKTEDDPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYKWNRUXCOIMFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tepoxalin Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1C(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=CC(CCC(=O)N(C)O)=N1 XYKWNRUXCOIMFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAELLLITIZHOGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(C)(C)C JAELLLITIZHOGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CFRVORMUGQWQNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiepane 1,1-dioxide Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCCCC1 CFRVORMUGQWQNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGUBFICZYGKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphonoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CP(=O)(OCC)OCC GGUBFICZYGKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZNYSCQRQMOPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl) 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)CC#N OZNYSCQRQMOPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URWYVXBYQUNESG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl) benzoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 URWYVXBYQUNESG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QANBUFINLNGANM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl) cyclopentanecarboxylate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCC1 QANBUFINLNGANM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQHCHZYMNXDUDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C=C CQHCHZYMNXDUDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSZLGHJZIMSPJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl) prop-2-ynoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C#C SSZLGHJZIMSPJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYXUFOCLMOXQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2-difluoroacetyl) 2,2-difluoroacetate Chemical compound FC(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)F IYXUFOCLMOXQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARSIBVWMPYUPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ARSIBVWMPYUPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFFZKDVGFYREPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C QFFZKDVGFYREPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUTKWVGIQUGHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-cyanoacetyl) benzoate Chemical compound N#CCC(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CUTKWVGIQUGHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQALCZBDMCLFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-cyanoacetyl) cyclopentanecarboxylate Chemical compound N#CCC(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCC1 DQALCZBDMCLFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRUVCWARGMPRCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-cyclohexylcyclohexyl)benzene Chemical group C1CCCCC1C1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCC1 GRUVCWARGMPRCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYIYWECLWNQZAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoroacetyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)CF XYIYWECLWNQZAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBPRYCWWWQMRDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoroacetyl) 4-methylbenzoate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(=O)OC(=O)CF)C=C1 QBPRYCWWWQMRDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHLGEZWEQGTHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoroacetyl) benzoate Chemical compound FCC(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZHLGEZWEQGTHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KISOELZNMNBKRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoroacetyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound FCC(=O)OC(=O)C=C KISOELZNMNBKRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQJGYEDLFMDOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoroacetyl) prop-2-ynoate Chemical compound FCC(=O)OC(=O)C#C FQJGYEDLFMDOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIVFYONMTXABIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluorocyclopentanecarbonyl) 2-fluorocyclopentane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound FC1CCCC1C(=O)OC(=O)C1C(F)CCC1 FIVFYONMTXABIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCCSWTQMTKSYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl) hydrogen carbonate Chemical class OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1O PCCSWTQMTKSYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYUPIKCWBBODLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyacetyl) benzoate Chemical compound COCC(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BYUPIKCWBBODLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITILQAOKZIJNNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyacetyl) cyclopentanecarboxylate Chemical class COCC(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCC1 ITILQAOKZIJNNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJQSVJHXXYFJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyacetyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCC(=O)OC(=O)C=C LJQSVJHXXYFJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTRAJIOJSAMZPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyacetyl) propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)COC FTRAJIOJSAMZPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDFFCMRCIOCUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-fluorocyclopentanecarbonyl) 3-fluorocyclopentane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1C(F)CCC1C(=O)OC(=O)C1CC(F)CC1 PDFFCMRCIOCUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSYDTHANSGMJTP-ZXZARUISSA-N (3s,4r)-oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound O[C@H]1COC[C@H]1O SSYDTHANSGMJTP-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJKNNGUARQKWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-acetylbenzoyl) 4-acetylbenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1 ZJKNNGUARQKWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUGCMGHPUFMRJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-ethylbenzoyl) 4-ethylbenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(CC)C=C1 ZUGCMGHPUFMRJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGMHIBLUWGDWKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxybenzoyl) 4-methoxybenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 YGMHIBLUWGDWKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZCCYYDGMPNTNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylbenzoyl) naphthalene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PZCCYYDGMPNTNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-JCYAYHJZSA-N (4s,5s)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound F[C@@H]1OC(=O)O[C@H]1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYPOHTVBFVELTG-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-but-2-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#C\C=C\C#N KYPOHTVBFVELTG-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSVZXPLUMFUWHW-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-hex-3-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC\C=C\CC#N BSVZXPLUMFUWHW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISBHMJZRKAFTGE-ONEGZZNKSA-N (e)-pent-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CC\C=C\C#N ISBHMJZRKAFTGE-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYPOHTVBFVELTG-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-but-2-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#C\C=C/C#N KYPOHTVBFVELTG-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIUJTRZXBNWJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)ethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UIUJTRZXBNWJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGQHVEDIXCKVKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl)ethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CS(=O)(=O)CC(F)(F)F HGQHVEDIXCKVKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIFYSCAAYYIATA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)CC(F)(F)F UIFYSCAAYYIATA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNMOIBZLSJDQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,10-diisocyanatodecane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O VNMOIBZLSJDQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQHXCCQBSGTCGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,5-oxadithiolane 2,2,5,5-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCS(=O)(=O)O1 OQHXCCQBSGTCGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVPYLKIIPLFMHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-oxadithiane 2,2,6,6-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCS(=O)(=O)O1 AVPYLKIIPLFMHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKGIQGUWLGYKMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenylsulfonyl)ethane Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)CCS(=O)(=O)C=C ZKGIQGUWLGYKMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHXPTDPKJYFMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC1CCCCC1CN=C=O GHXPTDPKJYFMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKIRBHVFJGXOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C OKIRBHVFJGXOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDOGTTNFVLSBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluoro-3-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(F)=C1F RDOGTTNFVLSBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1F GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKSRULWLOLNJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diisocyanatocyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCCCC1N=C=O ODKSRULWLOLNJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFRGATWKSPNXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethoxybutane Chemical compound CCC(OC)COC VFRGATWKSPNXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIXUJRCCNNHWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dioxane Chemical compound C1CCOOC1 OIXUJRCCNNHWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJYDIOOQMIRSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiepane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCCCO1 XJYDIOOQMIRSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDUWJQGFRQTJHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OC=CO1 CDUWJQGFRQTJHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUFIHLDYTVSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC(CN=C=O)=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 HUFIHLDYTVSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOBWAHRFIPQEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-difluoro-2-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=C(F)C=CC=C1F IOBWAHRFIPQEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTGQPYSISUUHAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-difluoro-5-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC(F)=CC(F)=C1 OTGQPYSISUUHAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNQKHBSIBXSFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanatocyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCCC(N=C=O)C1 GNQKHBSIBXSFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUTDYOMEDKTYGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanatoprop-1-ene Chemical compound O=C=NCC=CN=C=O RUTDYOMEDKTYGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPMCFKAXXHZLMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxocan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OCCCCCO1 PPMCFKAXXHZLMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHUXHMNZLHBSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC1CCC(CN=C=O)CC1 ROHUXHMNZLHBSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPPWGCYEYAMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 SPPWGCYEYAMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIJTUSAVONPVLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobut-2-ene Chemical compound O=C=NCC=CCN=C=O UIJTUSAVONPVLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIYNUZCGMLCXKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,6-dione Chemical compound O=C1COCC(=O)O1 PIYNUZCGMLCXKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiane 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CS(=O)(=O)OCO1 GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYIRMSRYCSMGJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiepane 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CS(=O)(=O)OCCO1 RYIRMSRYCSMGJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHBNSOZREBSAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanato-2-methylpentane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CCCN=C=O AHBNSOZREBSAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJBHMYSBIXDJOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanatopent-2-ene Chemical compound O=C=NCCC=CCN=C=O FJBHMYSBIXDJOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanatopentane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCN=C=O DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAGFVLBAZGSOAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6,11-triisocyanatoundecane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCC(N=C=O)CCCCCN=C=O VAGFVLBAZGSOAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRIJZEPPMYWYLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-difluoro-6-methoxycyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound COC1(F)CC=CC=C1F ZRIJZEPPMYWYLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRRSCZLNXBNRRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanatohex-2-ene Chemical compound O=C=NCCCC=CCN=C=O BRRSCZLNXBNRRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAKFDEYEXMUVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanatohex-3-ene Chemical compound O=C=NCCC=CCCN=C=O GAKFDEYEXMUVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTFSEWQOIIZLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-diisocyanatoheptane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCCN=C=O UTFSEWQOIIZLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHNNQENFSNOGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diisocyanato-4-(isocyanatomethyl)octane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCC(CN=C=O)CCCN=C=O RHNNQENFSNOGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUPKOUOXSNGVLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diisocyanatooctane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCCCN=C=O QUPKOUOXSNGVLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHSZVIPKVOEXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-diisocyanatononane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCCCCN=C=O GHSZVIPKVOEXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXLPSSFZYLWOBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)butane Chemical compound CCCCS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NXLPSSFZYLWOBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJMVGHJOTNSBRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F VJMVGHJOTNSBRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDWSLTXNLODXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl)butane Chemical compound CCCCS(=O)(=O)CC(F)(F)F IDWSLTXNLODXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLBIIQRCQVIDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)CC(F)(F)F YLBIIQRCQVIDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJOAGPMVZVZSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(difluoromethylsulfonyl)ethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C(F)F KJOAGPMVZVZSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MASSZLINROTYNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(fluoromethylsulfonyl)ethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CF MASSZLINROTYNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEDNTXZUBPDUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(fluoromethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)CF PEDNTXZUBPDUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHXZKHINDIVVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)butane Chemical compound CCCCS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F RHXZKHINDIVVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCRISPHPHNEDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F RCRISPHPHNEDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DREPONDJUKIQLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[ethenyl(ethoxy)phosphoryl]oxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(C=C)OCC DREPONDJUKIQLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AATNZNJRDOVKDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[ethoxy(ethyl)phosphoryl]oxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)OCC AATNZNJRDOVKDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GRZJZRHVJAXMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group C1CCCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GRZJZRHVJAXMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKMLIHLPRGKCQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexyl-3-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C2CCCCC2)=C1 HKMLIHLPRGKCQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAOIFBJJGFYYFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexyl-4-fluorobenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1CCCCC1 YAOIFBJJGFYYFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQAXWUVTNDQEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-diethylphosphoryloxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)CC GQAXWUVTNDQEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQCXMYUCNSJSKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dimethoxyphosphorylethene Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C=C CQCXMYUCNSJSKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYTMCDCWKVWQET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylsulfonyl-2-(2-ethenylsulfonylethoxy)ethane Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)CCOCCS(=O)(=O)C=C OYTMCDCWKVWQET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOC CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHRXNMCTHWMKSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonyl-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F XHRXNMCTHWMKSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVSJGAIWOIMZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonylbutane Chemical compound CCCCS(=O)(=O)CC PVSJGAIWOIMZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URDYJNJREUFXGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)CC URDYJNJREUFXGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMZYCBHLNZVROM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1F MMZYCBHLNZVROM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQVHWQVQDKWNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-2-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)CCF DQVHWQVQDKWNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLECYOQFQXJYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group FC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KLECYOQFQXJYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUYZJEIKQYLEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-phenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RUYZJEIKQYLEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFEWMFDVBLLXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN=C=O XFEWMFDVBLLXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFXBSYPBSRSQDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatoheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCN=C=O RFXBSYPBSRSQDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLGUAUVHTOCKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatononane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCN=C=O DLGUAUVHTOCKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRVUKQWNRPNACD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatopentane Chemical compound CCCCCN=C=O VRVUKQWNRPNACD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQURWGJAWSLGQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatopropane Chemical compound CCCN=C=O OQURWGJAWSLGQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALLIZEAXNXSFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ALLIZEAXNXSFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYEACNNYFNZCST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CN1C(=O)CCC1=O KYEACNNYFNZCST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFJAOKGFVIVALF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-oxo-1-(2-sulfobutanoyloxy)butane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCC(S(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)OC(=O)C(CC)S(O)(=O)=O HFJAOKGFVIVALF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEXYCADTAFPULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)CCC JEXYCADTAFPULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXPXFQBHNIYCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-4-fluorobenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ISXPXFQBHNIYCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFFUEHODRAXXIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetonitrile Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C#N SFFUEHODRAXXIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTLOQUGSPBVZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanenitrile Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C#N MTLOQUGSPBVZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XETRHNFRKCNWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanoyl 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F XETRHNFRKCNWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUBSWBZFMFQJBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(F)(F)C(F)F VUBSWBZFMFQJBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMFAITUXKOFXFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutanoyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C JMFAITUXKOFXFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILPBHTLQRYWJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C#N ILPBHTLQRYWJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFDWZWGTRXOIMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)C(C)C(C)(C)C#N OFDWZWGTRXOIMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXWROMFWHBIOBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trifluoropropanenitrile Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)C#N CXWROMFWHBIOBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBXKOSXIUPRUKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trifluoropropanoyl 2,2,3-trifluoropropanoate Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)CF CBXKOSXIUPRUKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKEIEGLRWCVPNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trimethylbut-3-enoyl 2,2,3-trimethylbut-3-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)(C)C(C)=C GKEIEGLRWCVPNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNSPYNJBHDIHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trimethylbutanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)C(C)(C)C#N CNSPYNJBHDIHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBSCUDLQDHJKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trimethylbutanoyl 2,2,3-trimethylbutanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)(C)C(C)C QBSCUDLQDHJKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVTAWRRSQQRLIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6-pentafluoro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound COP1(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(F)=N1 OVTAWRRSQQRLIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNZZEQCBAGUFMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6-pentafluoro-6-phenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound FP1(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 XNZZEQCBAGUFMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTVWCVDHDYZBDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C#N ZTVWCVDHDYZBDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyloxan-4-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O1 NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVIKCTBQLJKOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound FC(C1(OCCO1)C(F)(F)F)(F)F.FC(CC1OCCO1)(F)F VVIKCTBQLJKOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIZOKPLIMJGXBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethyl-3,3-dimethylbutanedinitrile Chemical compound CCC(CC)(C#N)C(C)(C)C#N FIZOKPLIMJGXBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQFXLCKTFSDWHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoroacetonitrile Chemical compound FC(F)C#N DQFXLCKTFSDWHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBANQMGQXCDELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluorobut-3-enoyl 2,2-difluorobut-3-enoate Chemical compound FC(C(=O)OC(C(C=C)(F)F)=O)(C=C)F KBANQMGQXCDELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFJLHSIZFYNAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoroethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(F)F PFJLHSIZFYNAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYWQXEUNSACTBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoropropanenitrile Chemical compound CC(F)(F)C#N RYWQXEUNSACTBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKJXNFVMEATXPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoropropanoyl 2,2-difluoropropanoate Chemical compound CC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)(F)F XKJXNFVMEATXPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUCTUOMXYACBHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluorothiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCS1(=O)=O NUCTUOMXYACBHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZNUEFNJNALQSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethyl-3,3-bis(2-methylpropyl)butanedinitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC(CC(C)C)(C#N)C(C)(C)C#N DZNUEFNJNALQSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHWPWBBVBRSBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoyl 2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)(C)C=C FHWPWBBVBRSBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLGGGDFEPZVRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)CC#N XLGGGDFEPZVRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IENNOUHEKVPMRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutanoyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC IENNOUHEKVPMRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGZVFRAEAAXREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)(C)C PGZVFRAEAAXREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTOBIMFBDYITLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylundecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)(C)C(O)=O OTOBIMFBDYITLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVLHNHNPUBWSEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dioxooxathiolan-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CCS(=O)(=O)O1 RVLHNHNPUBWSEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXBQQXXXTPYTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,4-tetramethylpentanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)C#N IXBQQXXXTPYTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXFWSJYOBPHQBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3-trifluoroprop-2-enoyl 2,3,3-trifluoroprop-2-enoate Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)=C(F)F GXFWSJYOBPHQBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXTFOCUEMHGMER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3-trifluoropropanoyl 2,3,3-trifluoropropanoate Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)C(F)F IXTFOCUEMHGMER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYVXPSMCIDDLPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3-trimethylbutanoyl 2,3,3-trimethylbutanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)C(C)(C)C GYVXPSMCIDDLPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWQIAPMTXRTGBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-enoyl 2,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C=C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)=CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 HWQIAPMTXRTGBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJZPHKYWXQGQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diethyl-2,3-dimethylbutanedinitrile 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutanedinitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(C#N)C(C)(C)C#N.CCC(C)(C#N)C(C)(CC)C#N HJZPHKYWXQGQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYFSPQJVJBCMBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-difluoroprop-2-enoyl 2,3-difluoroprop-2-enoate Chemical compound FC=C(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)=CF NYFSPQJVJBCMBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPPILGHPUZCHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-difluoropropanenitrile Chemical compound FCC(F)C#N YPPILGHPUZCHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDIGSNFBZSNLLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-difluoropropanoyl 2,3-difluoropropanoate Chemical compound FCC(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)CF DDIGSNFBZSNLLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKFKDZFZSHPKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-difluorothiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1F BKFKDZFZSHPKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSQZMKLXZYSHCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-bis(2-methylpropyl)butanedinitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C#N)C(C)(C#N)CC(C)C ZSQZMKLXZYSHCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHRFVVVHTLPAHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbut-2-enoyl 2,3-dimethylbut-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)=C(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)=C(C)C KHRFVVVHTLPAHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPUFNLAQBZZLTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbut-3-enoyl 2,3-dimethylbut-3-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)C(C)=C QPUFNLAQBZZLTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJEJQKVERRRQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)C(C)C#N UJEJQKVERRRQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWRUXOIOZXESKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutanoyl 2,3-dimethylbutanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)C(C)C VWRUXOIOZXESKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPMZDXBWXMNHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylpentanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCC(C)C(C)C#N GPMZDXBWXMNHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBWBWNHZJMAXFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenylprop-2-enoyl 2,3-diphenylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BBWBWNHZJMAXFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBSVHFQZXXEARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4,6,6-pentafluoro-n,n-dimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-trien-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)P1(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(F)=N1 LBSVHFQZXXEARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGCSUUSPRCDKBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound C1OCOCC21COCOC2 BGCSUUSPRCDKBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRMJLJFDPNJIQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-difluoro-1-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F CRMJLJFDPNJIQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMNJQJTOTCCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-difluorothiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC1CC(F)S(=O)(=O)C1 UXVMNJQJTOTCCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RISJWFYSMKOETR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylpentanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)CC(C)C#N RISJWFYSMKOETR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCZHBQGFMYPOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-difluorothiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC1CCC(F)S1(=O)=O VZCZHBQGFMYPOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXCQQDZQAYAZSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide 3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound S1(=O)(=O)CC=CC1.FC1C(CS(=O)(=O)C1)C(F)(F)F TXCQQDZQAYAZSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IERAUDYEBKFNFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylheptanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)CCCC(C)C#N IERAUDYEBKFNFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKRRPWLLULFKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-dimethyloctanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)CCCCC(C)C#N RKRRPWLLULFKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PITUYKHMRZYCFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,8-dimethylnonanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)CCCCCC(C)C#N PITUYKHMRZYCFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHZUPPTWFZYUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F XHZUPPTWFZYUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STPOGGOOSJUPHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(F)(F)F STPOGGOOSJUPHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLTSUPIRXUETNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 YLTSUPIRXUETNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEVMTPWSHZPVCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-enoyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(=C)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 SEVMTPWSHZPVCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(bromomethyl)-1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(I)C(CBr)=C1 YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJJCFPHPARFZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(difluoromethyl)thiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC(F)C1CCCS1(=O)=O YJJCFPHPARFZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTSUVYMMTAIMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(difluoromethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)C(F)F DTSUVYMMTAIMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIMPASVGMYBFHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(fluoromethyl)thiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FCC1CCCS1(=O)=O ZIMPASVGMYBFHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAODSSJNWVLADV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(fluoromethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CF FAODSSJNWVLADV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXMUZGMRNCQLDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethyl)thiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1CCCS1(=O)=O OXMUZGMRNCQLDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZRBNUFEQYBKTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-O-but-1-ynyl 1-O-ethenyl oxalate Chemical compound C(C(=O)OC#CCC)(=O)OC=C OZRBNUFEQYBKTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKUCNLSYMQOAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-O-but-1-ynyl 1-O-ethyl oxalate Chemical compound C(C(=O)OC#CCC)(=O)OCC LIKUCNLSYMQOAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDXNBIPGXNGHLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-O-but-1-ynyl 1-O-methyl oxalate Chemical compound C(C(=O)OC#CCC)(=O)OC PDXNBIPGXNGHLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYSAVHVXGRUBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-O-but-1-ynyl 1-O-propyl oxalate Chemical compound C(C(=O)OC#CCC)(=O)OCCC BYSAVHVXGRUBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDYMCQUIFFVXAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyloctanedinitrile Chemical compound CCCCC(C#N)CCCCCC#N YDYMCQUIFFVXAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001731 2-cyanoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N 0.000 description 1
- PLSMLGKJCKKEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexylethynylcyclohexane Chemical group C1CCCCC1C#CC1CCCCC1 PLSMLGKJCKKEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEFUKPIEGGIABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylsulfonyloxyethyl ethenesulfonate Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)OCCOS(=O)(=O)C=C WEFUKPIEGGIABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSZZMZNBPLTPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-2,4,4,6,6,8,8-heptafluoro-1,3,5,7-tetraza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5},8$l^{5}-tetraphosphacycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene Chemical compound CCOP1(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(F)=N1 RWSZZMZNBPLTPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBTAIOOTRCAMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentafluoro-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound CCOP1(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(F)=N1 CBTAIOOTRCAMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRMAQQQTXDJDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-2-oxoacetic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(O)=O JRMAQQQTXDJDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCURDTPXHPXCKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbutanoyl 2-ethylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(=O)OC(=O)C(CC)CC YCURDTPXHPXCKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLKGLZXMDLCSLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpropanedinitrile Chemical compound CCC(C#N)C#N PLKGLZXMDLCSLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXLNPGXFNVIVBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfonyl-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CC(F)(F)F WXLNPGXFNVIVBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INLAPHKWYICSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfonyl-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C(C)(C)C INLAPHKWYICSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDKKQZIFDSEMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C(C)C RDKKQZIFDSEMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDXJUKUKMGNSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1(F)CCCS1(=O)=O BDXJUKUKMGNSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDCFCCAAJHIXDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)thiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC1C(C(F)(F)F)CCS1(=O)=O PDCFCCAAJHIXDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSQASZSKQKJCTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1F DSQASZSKQKJCTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVJWRLUJGTZVCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC1CC(C(F)(F)F)CS1(=O)=O RVJWRLUJGTZVCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKNCXCCQXUFFHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-4-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CC(F)S(=O)(=O)C1 SKNCXCCQXUFFHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYHBXOBXEBCDNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-5-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCC(F)S1(=O)=O WYHBXOBXEBCDNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNFVFPBRMLIKIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoroacetonitrile Chemical compound FCC#N GNFVFPBRMLIKIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUDDQVKVLWYHOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluorobut-3-enoyl 2-fluorobut-3-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)C=C OUDDQVKVLWYHOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSXYMCIOCLLWFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoroprop-2-enoyl 2-fluoroprop-2-enoate Chemical compound FC(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)=C NSXYMCIOCLLWFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGXGUDDRNCJGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoropropanenitrile Chemical compound CC(F)C#N AGXGUDDRNCJGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQCVJRNELLRXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoropropanoyl 2-fluoropropanoate Chemical compound CC(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)F JQCVJRNELLRXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUYIDULCVMFNNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluorothiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC1CCCS1(=O)=O UUYIDULCVMFNNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPNXHTDWGGVXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-isocyanatoethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCN=C=O DPNXHTDWGGVXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPKISUMKCULUNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-2-oxoacetic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)C(O)=O CPKISUMKCULUNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKPVEISEHYYHRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyacetonitrile Chemical compound COCC#N QKPVEISEHYYHRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDGHQFQMWUTHKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3-dioxane Chemical compound CC1OCCCO1 HDGHQFQMWUTHKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTWIZMNMTWYQRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CC1OCCO1 HTWIZMNMTWYQRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLUWLDIIWQWCEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F HLUWLDIIWQWCEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTLVQKLMKDNQSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)propane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KTLVQKLMKDNQSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNBKPVJBSIXIJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 VNBKPVJBSIXIJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBSFTVGBQDJTAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C#C HBSFTVGBQDJTAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEOKHGKSYLOTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)CC#N WEOKHGKSYLOTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRTPVONNQPWNRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutanoyl 2-methylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)CC WRTPVONNQPWNRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBDSWNLTVOAIPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)CCCC#N SBDSWNLTVOAIPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLPZAALXVQOBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpent-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CCC=C(C)C#N MLPZAALXVQOBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIUUDKDOAUICQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PIUUDKDOAUICQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPPLREPCQJZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)CCC#N FPPLREPCQJZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHDINFLYNIJJIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoyl benzoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZHDINFLYNIJJIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLTUGBHKCHTHMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoyl but-2-enoate Chemical compound CC=CC(=O)OC(=O)C(C)=C PLTUGBHKCHTHMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXUTYOVUICAOGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)C#N LXUTYOVUICAOGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXJIDOLTOGSNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitro-n-(4-nitrophenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O TXJIDOLTOGSNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRHHVVPVKLLPFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-o-ethyl 1-o-methyl oxalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)OC WRHHVVPVKLLPFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAPVBMQBWAUBHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxopropanoyl 2-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CC(=O)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)=O GAPVBMQBWAUBHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLMRRGQZULLGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylprop-2-enoyl 2-phenylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 CLMRRGQZULLGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFYGUTCPFMPGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-ylpropanedinitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C(C#N)C#N UFYGUTCPFMPGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDULHUHNYHJYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-ylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)C(C)C ZDULHUHNYHJYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEYKMVJDLWJFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCOCCO YEYKMVJDLWJFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUJPHMQZSDKRSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylpropanedinitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(C#N)C#N TUJPHMQZSDKRSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCZHDRHOSNPTJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(=O)OC(=O)CC(F)(F)F KCZHDRHOSNPTJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWJYLEOHHGYNIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-enoyl 3,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PWJYLEOHHGYNIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMBZCDKAUHBNOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-difluoroprop-2-enoyl 3,3-difluoroprop-2-enoate Chemical compound FC(F)=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C(F)F RMBZCDKAUHBNOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HENWDOAXHRRZFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-difluoropropanenitrile Chemical compound FC(F)CC#N HENWDOAXHRRZFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMQQENNCOAPXBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-difluoropropanoyl 3,3-difluoropropanoate Chemical compound FC(F)CC(=O)OC(=O)CC(F)F PMQQENNCOAPXBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSHYNAUVTXYALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbutanoyl 3,3-dimethylbutanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(=O)OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C LSHYNAUVTXYALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYMPJYQJDPRJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-diphenylprop-2-enoyl 3,3-diphenylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UYMPJYQJDPRJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZJREULUXJJYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-difluoro-1,6-diisocyanatohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCCC(F)C(F)CCN=C=O LZJREULUXJJYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJZOTWHYNFQPJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-difluorothiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC1CS(=O)(=O)CC1F LJZOTWHYNFQPJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIVZKFXOQPSVQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCC=CO1 IIVZKFXOQPSVQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GACHDGIRDQPROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CC=CCO1 GACHDGIRDQPROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOXMQACSWCZQLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,9-bis(ethenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound C1OC(C=C)OCC21COC(C=C)OC2 OOXMQACSWCZQLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDVLTZFQVDXFAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-cyanoethylsulfanyl)propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCSCCC#N NDVLTZFQVDXFAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXLFCXREWVHSDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-enoyl 3-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 BXLFCXREWVHSDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDJZTFOQXFMGKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-ynoyl 3-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-ynoate Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C#CC(=O)OC(=O)C#CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 BDJZTFOQXFMGKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAASUCASTAHOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(fluoromethyl)thiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FCC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 IAASUCASTAHOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKISNWJWIMXFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trifluoromethyl)thiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 AKISNWJWIMXFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALZLTHLQMAFAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutyrolactone Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)C1 ALZLTHLQMAFAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHRQKSLPFJQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(2-cyanoethoxy)ethoxy]propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCOCCOCCC#N VTHRQKSLPFJQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJYFOHJCZZEPNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(2-cyanoethylsulfanyl)ethylsulfanyl]propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCSCCSCCC#N SJYFOHJCZZEPNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYPYNRGACGNNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[bis(2-cyanoethyl)amino]propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCN(CCC#N)CCC#N FYYPYNRGACGNNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAHFCRAKPJGAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[ethenyl(methyl)phosphoryl]prop-1-yne Chemical compound C=CP(=O)(C)CC#C VAHFCRAKPJGAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLVKAJNHBSEXSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[ethenyl(prop-2-ynyl)phosphoryl]prop-1-yne Chemical compound C#CCP(=O)(C=C)CC#C BLVKAJNHBSEXSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNTLIKVRADOYRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bis(but-3-enyl)phosphoryloxy-3-methylbut-1-yne Chemical compound C#CC(C)(C)OP(=O)(CCC=C)CCC=C HNTLIKVRADOYRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJRNPZHSDCSDHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bis(ethenyl)phosphorylprop-1-yne Chemical compound C=CP(=O)(C=C)CC#C MJRNPZHSDCSDHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFAZVZYRYGDUPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-1,6-diisocyanatohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCCC(F)CCCN=C=O ZFAZVZYRYGDUPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEDYUVXCGCOVTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1C(F)CCS1(=O)=O NEDYUVXCGCOVTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRVCAJZSXZBKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-3,4-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1CC=COS1(=O)=O MRVCAJZSXZBKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGDXINVJORMTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-3,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1C=CCOS1(=O)=O PGDXINVJORMTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYJOZICNLNPOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)thiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1(F)CCS(=O)(=O)C1 SYJOZICNLNPOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWLZOBROCMVHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1(F)CCS(=O)(=O)C1 ZWLZOBROCMVHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHSUBTRPZDHUDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-3h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1C=COS1(=O)=O MHSUBTRPZDHUDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDJKCKLGZXEFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-5,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1=CCCOS1(=O)=O QDJKCKLGZXEFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQXJHSPKSBCMFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-5h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1=CCOS1(=O)=O MQXJHSPKSBCMFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNSCUVPORWEYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorobut-2-enoyl 3-fluorobut-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(F)=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C(C)F VNSCUVPORWEYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSXMRBZVQXUROA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorooxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound FC1CC(=O)OC1=O HSXMRBZVQXUROA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXCAETLKZBPFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoroprop-2-enoyl 3-fluoroprop-2-enoate Chemical compound FC=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=CF SXCAETLKZBPFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBAVIHIGWASOOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoropropanenitrile Chemical compound FCCC#N UBAVIHIGWASOOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVVLKELFMHRLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoropropanoyl 3-fluoropropanoate Chemical compound FCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCF GVVLKELFMHRLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJGPLRYWAYTWSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorothiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound FC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 XJGPLRYWAYTWSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hexene Chemical compound CCC=CCC ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COCCC#N OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKQMOUPIPALLHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound COCCCOC(O)=O RKQMOUPIPALLHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CN1CCOC1=O VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDFCBTNEOHGOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-3,4-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CC=COS1(=O)=O LDFCBTNEOHGOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVILBNGEVAJQEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-3,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1C=CCOS1(=O)=O OVILBNGEVAJQEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZNGROQTSQSRRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-3h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1C=COS1(=O)=O GZNGROQTSQSRRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZFCNOLHIBTBSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-5h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1=CCOS1(=O)=O LZFCNOLHIBTBSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUGKLUNRHYPDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)=CC#N AUGKLUNRHYPDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FREZLSIGWNCSOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbutanoyl 3-methylbutanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)OC(=O)CC(C)C FREZLSIGWNCSOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRCWASMASZPIKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpent-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CCC(C)=CC#N ZRCWASMASZPIKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAJJUFUPJGVIFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1CC(=O)NC1=O KAJJUFUPJGVIFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRAXODRAAIYKAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylsulfonyloxybutan-2-yl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OC(C)C(C)OS(C)(=O)=O WRAXODRAAIYKAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNOXXVVRXPFQCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxobutanoyl 3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)OC(=O)CC(C)=O XNOXXVVRXPFQCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGKYHYDCRCPDJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylprop-2-ynoyl 3-phenylprop-2-ynoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C#CC(=O)OC(=O)C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 CGKYHYDCRCPDJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKYAVRCOLQKIBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo[d][1,3,2]dioxathiole 2-oxide Chemical compound C1CCCC2OS(=O)OC21 FKYAVRCOLQKIBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPYIQQKSLULOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CC=CO1 GPYIQQKSLULOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZDRRDAJSWOAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoyl 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=CC(F)(F)F GZDRRDAJSWOAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTTYKFSKZIRTDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1(F)COC(=O)O1 ZTTYKFSKZIRTDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPBJCOIQZLWHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-difluoro-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1(F)F FPBJCOIQZLWHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYIOFABFKUOIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound CC=1OC(=O)OC=1C QYIOFABFKUOIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1C LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJPJOELHSKMFPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=C1OC(=O)OC1=C YJPJOELHSKMFPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGGLMDBNLJUEKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-bromoethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1h-pyrazole Chemical compound CC1=NNC(C)=C1CCBr HGGLMDBNLJUEKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHNIEIJAYLXTGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(cyclohexanecarbonyloxy)but-2-ynyl cyclohexanecarboxylate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(=O)OCC#CCOC(=O)C1CCCCC1 UHNIEIJAYLXTGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSZVOXHGCKKOLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Ethynyltoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C#C)C=C1 KSZVOXHGCKKOLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUEJSJRAMDEVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[but-3-enyl(prop-2-ynyl)phosphoryl]but-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCCP(=O)(CC#C)CCC=C SUEJSJRAMDEVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFMWXECDLWDFTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-benzoyloxybut-2-ynyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC#CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFMWXECDLWDFTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCKKEWJHPQITDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bis(prop-2-ynyl)phosphorylbut-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCCP(=O)(CC#C)CC#C WCKKEWJHPQITDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKXMTQIYDPRIAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-butanoyloxybut-2-ynyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC#CCOC(=O)CCC MKXMTQIYDPRIAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHJUDTFPZOQXBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-4,5,5-trifluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1(F)OC(=O)OC1(F)F HHJUDTFPZOQXBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFURSCKIQGOVCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1(F)OC(=O)OC1F WFURSCKIQGOVCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZBRPTWAQREQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-5-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1OC(=O)OC1F IZBRPTWAQREQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1OC(=O)OC1C LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXFCWUCTAJIKBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CC(F)CS1(=O)=O PXFCWUCTAJIKBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHDWEUPPLALBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-3,4-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1CS(=O)(=O)OC=C1 CHDWEUPPLALBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USDYAFFYNNJHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-3,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1=CCOS(=O)(=O)C1 USDYAFFYNNJHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNBNQCXWFGBYAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-3h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1=COS(=O)(=O)C1 WNBNQCXWFGBYAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDYHLGUZAMVUPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-5,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1=CS(=O)(=O)OCC1 ZDYHLGUZAMVUPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYWUQXOYTGWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1C(F)(F)F CYWUQXOYTGWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPWGZWKWAPGHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-5h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1=CS(=O)(=O)OC1 SPWGZWKWAPGHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRLJLOOEUQHJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluorobut-3-enoyl 4-fluorobut-3-enoate Chemical compound FC=CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC=CF HRLJLOOEUQHJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXMJIIPXEYHZSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-formyloxybut-2-ynyl formate Chemical compound O=COCC#CCOC=O HXMJIIPXEYHZSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INCCMBMMWVKEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxane Chemical compound CC1CCOCO1 INCCMBMMWVKEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBUOHGKIOVRDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CC1COCO1 SBUOHGKIOVRDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGIRQMCTHIGNOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-3,4-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CS(=O)(=O)OC=C1 AGIRQMCTHIGNOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDDWXIWOHONASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-3,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1=CCOS(=O)(=O)C1 MDDWXIWOHONASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNYPIWFUCVWICN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-3h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1=COS(=O)(=O)C1 YNYPIWFUCVWICN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJJCVWVSXKEQIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-5,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1=CS(=O)(=O)OCC1 KJJCVWVSXKEQIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGKREBHYJCJQTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1C(F)(F)F UGKREBHYJCJQTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBHWXCFSKWZQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-5h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1=CS(=O)(=O)OC1 MBHWXCFSKWZQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGPGBZBAORCFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylsulfonyloxybut-2-ynyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCC#CCOS(C)(=O)=O UGPGBZBAORCFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMAJRFCXVOIAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)OC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VMAJRFCXVOIAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKOGUIGAVNCCKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)OCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZKOGUIGAVNCCKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBRUDSKEXVBRNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propanoyloxybut-2-ynyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC#CCOC(=O)CC JBRUDSKEXVBRNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1COC(=O)O1 AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDDBKQPRYIYGND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,2-dioxooxathiolan-4-one Chemical compound CC1(C)OS(=O)(=O)CC1=O JDDBKQPRYIYGND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXUJPRNENDTOPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-4,4-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC(F)(F)C1OC(=O)OC1(F)F HXUJPRNENDTOPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHWPCLXWMABXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo[d][1,3,2]dioxathiole 2-oxide Chemical compound C1C(C=C)CCC2OS(=O)OC21 CHWPCLXWMABXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFYLFVJHIDSAGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-4,4-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1OC(=O)OC1(F)F KFYLFVJHIDSAGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVFMVVHGMSHXQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-fluoro-3,4-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1=COS(=O)(=O)CC1 WVFMVVHGMSHXQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKDXPCXVLVTQPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-fluoro-3,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1=CCS(=O)(=O)OC1 QKDXPCXVLVTQPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSCGTLMORCLMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-fluoro-3h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1=CCS(=O)(=O)O1 HSCGTLMORCLMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMXBNGICFRVDLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-fluoro-5,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1COS(=O)(=O)C=C1 YMXBNGICFRVDLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPJGCQAEBOMNRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-fluoro-5h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1OS(=O)(=O)C=C1 PPJGCQAEBOMNRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMPDTNJCDFMVLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-3,4-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1=COS(=O)(=O)CC1 OMPDTNJCDFMVLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QASDPRSFOKROJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-3,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1=CCS(=O)(=O)OC1 QASDPRSFOKROJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVEXIQIYGLULQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-3h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1=CCS(=O)(=O)O1 SVEXIQIYGLULQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPWVMRCLWVRGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-5,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)(=O)C=C1 KPWVMRCLWVRGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDXMINFJAPGEHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-5h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1OS(=O)(=O)C=C1 BDXMINFJAPGEHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAEHYISCRHEVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyloxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)O1 RAEHYISCRHEVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFPLKCODPBAHFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-3,4-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1=CCCS(=O)(=O)O1 CFPLKCODPBAHFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPSPVQDZVMJWSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-3,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1OS(=O)(=O)CC=C1 QPSPVQDZVMJWSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FITVROPDGIRIKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-5,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound FC1CC=CS(=O)(=O)O1 FITVROPDGIRIKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDMFFARRFDXOQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-3,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1OS(=O)(=O)CC=C1 IDMFFARRFDXOQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRSUZUWRCDMLOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-5,6-dihydrooxathiine 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CC=CS(=O)(=O)O1 IRSUZUWRCDMLOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLBDEMIFDOANPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-benzyl-3h-purine-6-thione Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(=S)N=CNC=2N1CC1=CC=CC=C1 XLBDEMIFDOANPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDQPSOAOKMWUBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N B(O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical class B(O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZDQPSOAOKMWUBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSLSVNXQBPFBRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(#CC)[PH2]=O Chemical compound C(#CC)[PH2]=O GSLSVNXQBPFBRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXKVAEUGJHQAHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=O)OCC(C)C.C(CCC)(=O)OC(C)C Chemical compound C(=O)OCC(C)C.C(CCC)(=O)OC(C)C ZXKVAEUGJHQAHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHQSSZCPDUTCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C#C)(=O)OC(C#C)=O.C(C)(=O)OC(C)=O Chemical compound C(C#C)(=O)OC(C#C)=O.C(C)(=O)OC(C)=O IHQSSZCPDUTCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQAWMJHJKVNSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)OC(C#C)(C)C.C1(CCCCC1)C(=O)O Chemical compound C(C)(=O)OC(C#C)(C)C.C1(CCCCC1)C(=O)O KQAWMJHJKVNSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZTLMZCLDQMNJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=C)CP(O)(=O)CC#C Chemical compound C(C=C)CP(O)(=O)CC#C RZTLMZCLDQMNJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSIGMKSIEYPQJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=C)[PH2]=O Chemical compound C(C=C)[PH2]=O YSIGMKSIEYPQJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRUHSZDXTMURHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC)(=O)OC(CC)=O.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C#CC(=O)O.C(C)(=O)O Chemical compound C(CC)(=O)OC(CC)=O.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C#CC(=O)O.C(C)(=O)O LRUHSZDXTMURHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQAYWGCGDYOTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC=C)CP(O)(=O)CC#C Chemical compound C(CC=C)CP(O)(=O)CC#C KQAYWGCGDYOTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIEOAKWUOJOVHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(OCCCC)(OCCCC)=O.C(C#CCO)O Chemical compound C(OCCCC)(OCCCC)=O.C(C#CCO)O YIEOAKWUOJOVHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLIHKSVPJYECAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1OCCC1.C1S(=O)(=O)OCCCOS1(=O)=O.S(=O)(=O)(O)CCC(=O)OC(CCS(=O)(=O)O)=O Chemical compound CC1OCCC1.C1S(=O)(=O)OCCCOS1(=O)=O.S(=O)(=O)(O)CCC(=O)OC(CCS(=O)(=O)O)=O WLIHKSVPJYECAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSXAEEHKNPUAPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC#CCCCOC(=O)C(=O)O Chemical compound CCC#CCCCOC(=O)C(=O)O SSXAEEHKNPUAPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWCAGLMQWZZBB-WDZFZDKYSA-N CCCC(C)[F][P](OC1=O)(O/C1=[O]/C/C(/CC)=C\C)(F)(F)F Chemical compound CCCC(C)[F][P](OC1=O)(O/C1=[O]/C/C(/CC)=C\C)(F)(F)F FZWCAGLMQWZZBB-WDZFZDKYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUYMKTSGEZRHCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Br]1(CCCCC1)(OC1)(OC1=O)(OC1=O)OC1=O Chemical compound C[Br]1(CCCCC1)(OC1)(OC1=O)(OC1=O)OC1=O PUYMKTSGEZRHCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004706 CaSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019001 CoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019974 CrSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical class ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COCC(O)=O QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLBZNZGBLRJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone Chemical compound CC1CCOC1=O QGLBZNZGBLRJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl succinate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100025027 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM69 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYXGSMUGOJNHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl malonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCC IYXGSMUGOJNHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLUBXMRUUVWRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CCOS(C)(=O)=O PLUBXMRUUVWRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHICUMXBCSMZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)CCC.FC(F)S(=O)(=O)CCC Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)CCC.FC(F)S(=O)(=O)CCC RHICUMXBCSMZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRMOQSSOEGVJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1=CC=CC=C1.C1(CCCCC1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)F Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1.C1(CCCCC1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)F QRMOQSSOEGVJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005329 FeSi 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101000830203 Homo sapiens E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM69 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WVRPFQGZHKZCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)C WVRPFQGZHKZCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMOUBSOVHSONPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl formate Chemical compound CC(C)OC=O RMOUBSOVHSONPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004499 Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012425 Li3Fe2 (PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011458 Li4/3 Ti5/3O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011463 Li4/3Ti4/3Al1/3O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010199 LiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010701 LiFeP Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012206 LiNi0.45Co0.10Al0.45O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015701 LiNi0.85Co0.10Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002995 LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015915 LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012573 LiSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012404 LiSnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2] WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS([O-])(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019021 Mg 2 Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017028 MnSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017267 Mo 6 S 8 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SKLBAIDYDMECPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N(=C=O)CC(C(CN=C=O)F)F.N(=C=O)CC(CCN=C=O)F Chemical compound N(=C=O)CC(C(CN=C=O)F)F.N(=C=O)CC(CCN=C=O)F SKLBAIDYDMECPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylacetamide Chemical compound CNC(C)=O OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005881 NiSi 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(CC1)OC1=O Chemical compound O=C(CC1)OC1=O RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIKNDSLMZPTQSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(=O)(O)(O)O.C(C)P(CC)(CC)=O Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)O.C(C)P(CC)(CC)=O MIKNDSLMZPTQSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEYZENADESYJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(O)(O)=O.P(O)(O)=O.CC=C Chemical compound P(O)(O)=O.P(O)(O)=O.CC=C YEYZENADESYJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Substances CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFNNIILCVOLYIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl formate Chemical compound CCCOC=O KFNNIILCVOLYIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCLZCOCSZQNREK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine, hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CCNC1 FCLZCOCSZQNREK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANEGSUMJNTWWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1(=O)(=O)CCCC1.FC1C(CS(=O)(=O)C1)C Chemical compound S1(=O)(=O)CCCC1.FC1C(CS(=O)(=O)C1)C ANEGSUMJNTWWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFDAPCJCBSTQOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1(=O)OCC(C)O1.S1(=O)(=O)OCC(C)O1 Chemical compound S1(=O)OCC(C)O1.S1(=O)(=O)OCC(C)O1 VFDAPCJCBSTQOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008045 Si-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008461 Si—Co—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006273 Si—Ni—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006411 Si—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020807 Sn-Co-C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005790 SnSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018759 Sn—Co—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009007 Sn—Ni—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IDCBOTIENDVCBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N TEPP Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OP(=O)(OCC)OCC IDCBOTIENDVCBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STSCVKRWJPWALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)(F)F STSCVKRWJPWALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008484 TiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium ion Chemical compound [Ti+4] LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXEDRSGUZBCDMO-PHEQNACWSA-N [(e)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl] (e)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C(=O)OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 FXEDRSGUZBCDMO-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXOPJTLVRHRSDJ-SNAWJCMRSA-N [(e)-but-2-enyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\COC(=O)C(C)=C OXOPJTLVRHRSDJ-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIRYYGCEUUVFLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,4,4-trifluoro-2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)but-2-enoyl] 4,4,4-trifluoro-2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)but-2-enoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(C(F)(F)F)=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(=C(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F OIRYYGCEUUVFLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBZOEVQZYSXPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,4,4-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)but-2-enoyl] 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)but-2-enoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=CC(F)(F)F LBZOEVQZYSXPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDWPONKAYSRBTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [He].[N] Chemical compound [He].[N] UDWPONKAYSRBTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WITVXNDNCUUHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [PH2](OCC#C)=O Chemical compound [PH2](OCC#C)=O WITVXNDNCUUHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFFXDFWKZVPRBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [PH2](OCCC=C)=O Chemical compound [PH2](OCCC=C)=O MFFXDFWKZVPRBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOHKWOGFPSWROP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].C=C Chemical compound [S].C=C GOHKWOGFPSWROP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXBNMPMLFONTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic benzoic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXBNMPMLFONTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVRSBFYXWUIUNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(=O)CC#N JVRSBFYXWUIUNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWYKSWXQQBKCAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl 2-methoxyacetate Chemical compound COCC(=O)OC(C)=O WWYKSWXQQBKCAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKVOKQTWSYMEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC(C)=O VKVOKQTWSYMEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBTVATRSWTWNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl 2-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(=O)C(C)=O OBTVATRSWTWNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUDQFDAETLFJMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl 4-methylbenzoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 SUDQFDAETLFJMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUGILFCLARDQTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl but-2-enoate Chemical compound CC=CC(=O)OC(C)=O AUGILFCLARDQTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUFCXLGGNNCCTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl but-3-enoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(=O)CC=C OUFCXLGGNNCCTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVQHHUQLZPXYAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(C)=O BVQHHUQLZPXYAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVCQZUKLQCLXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl cyclohexanecarboxylate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 GVCQZUKLQCLXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIFNSDYEJZKUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl cyclopentanecarboxylate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCC1 SIFNSDYEJZKUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVJOOQVWVWBTGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl naphthalene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)OC(=O)C)=CC=CC2=C1 AVJOOQVWVWBTGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRUCYNCHUFMZIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C SRUCYNCHUFMZIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLUDQUOLAFVLOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl propanoate Chemical group CCC(=O)OC(C)=O KLUDQUOLAFVLOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005133 alkynyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000909 amidinium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001422 barium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BHXFKXOIODIUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 BHXFKXOIODIUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMWDVJOFOMJCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl 4-methylbenzoate Chemical group C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YMWDVJOFOMJCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QICBFAHTUHBDFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl naphthalene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QICBFAHTUHBDFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-propiolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCO1 VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRXXLCKWQFKACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenylacetylene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JRXXLCKWQFKACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXJNECMZMWPMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2-difluoroethyl) 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F PXJNECMZMWPMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVDYJZOROOKDOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(but-2-ynyl) oxalate Chemical compound CC#CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC#CC TVDYJZOROOKDOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKNLHMXPXBTCFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(but-3-ynyl) oxalate Chemical compound C#CCCOC(=O)C(=O)OCCC#C PKNLHMXPXBTCFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKXRKRANFLFTFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) oxalate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC=C BKXRKRANFLFTFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXZKSCWBASSERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trimethoxysilyloxy)boranyl trimethyl silicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OB(O[Si](OC)(OC)OC)O[Si](OC)(OC)OC XXZKSCWBASSERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002092 busulfan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LXQJDZXMYIZZMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-en-3-yne;carbonic acid Chemical compound C=CC#C.OC(O)=O LXQJDZXMYIZZMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFFMSANAQQVUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-ynylbenzene Chemical compound CCC#CC1=CC=CC=C1 FFFMSANAQQVUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHUJPQNSDWUILM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-enoyl cyclopentanecarboxylate Chemical compound CC=CC(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCC1 SHUJPQNSDWUILM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBVOAFRIMGAUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-enyl pent-4-ynoate Chemical compound CC=CCOC(=O)CCC#C IBVOAFRIMGAUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COXYCFKHVQFUPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-enyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC=CCOC(=O)C=C COXYCFKHVQFUPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMLJJHNRXVPZOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-enylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CC=CCP(O)(O)=O UMLJJHNRXVPZOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-yne-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCC#CCO DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAILQWXPIKYWFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-yne-1,4-diol;diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound OCC#CCO.C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 BAILQWXPIKYWFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGPQDLWWASDAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-yne-1,4-diol;ethoxycarbonyl ethyl carbonate Chemical compound OCC#CCO.CCOC(=O)OC(=O)OCC YGPQDLWWASDAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSMZQEFXKCGILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ynyl acetate Chemical compound CC#CCOC(C)=O ZSMZQEFXKCGILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOKKCJBCWDOUCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ynyl prop-2-ynoate Chemical compound CC#CCOC(=O)C#C WOKKCJBCWDOUCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLCVBLLAYUPIDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoyl cyclopentanecarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCC(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCC1 FLCVBLLAYUPIDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXGTYUAXSYBVFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC=C LXGTYUAXSYBVFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIOSRRYOEAWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enyl pent-4-ynoate Chemical compound C=CCCOC(=O)CCC#C KIOSRRYOEAWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHCUIHPWMFJSHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CCCOC(=O)C=C KHCUIHPWMFJSHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRPIKEBBGKSQTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enyl prop-2-ynoate Chemical compound C=CCCOC(=O)C#C DRPIKEBBGKSQTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJKZFCWYRWPDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-yn-2-yl methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C#C YJKZFCWYRWPDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEOZJUUTDAHFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-yne-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCC#C OEOZJUUTDAHFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNGNSVDRPMTMGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-ynyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCC#C SNGNSVDRPMTMGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAEQYDZVVPONKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-yl formate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC=O OAEQYDZVVPONKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPSLGSSVPWVZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-yl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(=O)CC VPSLGSSVPWVZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHASWHZGWUONAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCC YHASWHZGWUONAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLDYDTBRUJPBGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(F)(F)F CLDYDTBRUJPBGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCDMDSDHBVPGGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C FCDMDSDHBVPGGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043232 butyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCC DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OC FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZISMXCUJCSPKPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl n-(oxomethylidene)carbamate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)N=C=O ZISMXCUJCSPKPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQEXGEDCFYYPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl n-(oxomethylidene)sulfamate Chemical compound CCCCOS(=O)(=O)N=C=O KQEXGEDCFYYPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTMVHUNTONAYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl propionate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC BTMVHUNTONAYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCMHKCKGHRPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium(1+) Chemical compound [Cs+] NCMHKCKGHRPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEGITHRSIRNTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound OC(O)=O.FC(F)(F)C=C LEGITHRSIRNTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVILPKQMEQZCBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;pent-1-en-4-yne Chemical compound OC(O)=O.C=CCC#C QVILPKQMEQZCBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANTVXUWVWRKHPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;pent-1-ene Chemical compound OC(O)=O.CCCC=C ANTVXUWVWRKHPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYLNJGIBLUVXCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;prop-1-yne Chemical compound CC#C.OC(O)=O SYLNJGIBLUVXCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003123 carboxymethyl cellulose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940063834 carboxymethylcellulose sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K cobalt(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Co+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKKMVIVFRUYPLQ-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotononitrile Chemical compound C\C=C\C#N NKKMVIVFRUYPLQ-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VBWIZSYFQSOUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1CCCCC1 VBWIZSYFQSOUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALVZUUQSYRYSSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarbonyl benzoate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ALVZUUQSYRYSSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-PTQBSOBMSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical class O=[13C]1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-PTQBSOBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQWGXHWJMSMDJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCCCC1 KQWGXHWJMSMDJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BATNUKVRNSPXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopent-2-ene-1-carbonyl cyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CC=CC1C(=O)OC(=O)C1CCC=C1 BATNUKVRNSPXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZCLOMFORDKGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonyl cyclopent-3-ene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1C=CCC1C(=O)OC(=O)C1CC=CC1 MZCLOMFORDKGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVPZJHKVRMRREG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanecarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1CCCC1 SVPZJHKVRMRREG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQUACZPEFUDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanecarbonyl 4-methylbenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCC1 PQQUACZPEFUDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUGKGVGZPOBMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanecarbonyl benzoate Chemical compound C1CCCC1C(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HUGKGVGZPOBMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDIHFNQRHGYISG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentylbenzene Chemical compound C1CCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 VDIHFNQRHGYISG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZEPOJMTQYNFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopropanecarbonyl cyclopropanecarboxylate Chemical group C1CC1C(=O)OC(=O)C1CC1 LZEPOJMTQYNFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFJYZCUIKPGCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCCCCC#N DFJYZCUIKPGCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)OC(O)=O ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FYIBPWZEZWVDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl carbonate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1OC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 FYIBPWZEZWVDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNLGUIZFIVRAKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl (2-phenylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XNLGUIZFIVRAKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl oxalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFYPMLJYZAEMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl pyrocarbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(=O)OCC FFYPMLJYZAEMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXDCOWAMLFDLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxyphosphoryl dimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OP(=O)(OC)OC AXDCOWAMLFDLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQZVHGYYEKYTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl (2-phenylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound P(=O)(OC)(OC)OC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CQZVHGYYEKYTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl malonate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(=O)OC BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl methylphosphonate Chemical group COP(C)(=O)OC VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRMLWYXJORUTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylphosphorylmethane Chemical compound CP(C)(C)=O LRMLWYXJORUTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAXBLJDZJKJLHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylphosphoryloxymethane Chemical compound COP(C)(C)=O HAXBLJDZJKJLHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRNYWRNYVTVFCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiolane 1,1,2,2-tetraoxide Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCS1(=O)=O GRNYWRNYVTVFCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVQYXBDAZWIFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCCCCCCC#N AVQYXBDAZWIFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZRSVHSCCNNSGKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene-1,1,2-tricarbonitrile Chemical group N#CC=C(C#N)C#N ZRSVHSCCNNSGKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPOGZNTVZCEKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CC(O)C(=O)OC=C MPOGZNTVZCEKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPTZILCJCHLYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl but-2-ynoate Chemical compound CC#CC(=O)OC=C VPTZILCJCHLYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHOPCMPWIBSEHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl but-3-ynoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)CC#C XHOPCMPWIBSEHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXPHJTKVWZVEGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical class OC(=O)OC=C FXPHJTKVWZVEGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCMRLMOURMWPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl pent-4-ynoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)CCC#C GCMRLMOURMWPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLCTWBJQROOONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C=C BLCTWBJQROOONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHRJQYODWYVGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl prop-2-ynoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C#C VMHRJQYODWYVGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMDPCQMZOQLEJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2,3,3,4-pentafluorobutanoate Chemical compound FCC(C(C(=O)OCC)(F)F)(F)F RMDPCQMZOQLEJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZKHDVAKKLTJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2-difluoroacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)F GZKHDVAKKLTJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHEIMYAXCOIQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C HHEIMYAXCOIQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUNISAHOCCASGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-dimethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CP(=O)(OC)OC HUNISAHOCCASGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRVTXLPAWBTQSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methylbutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)C(F)(F)F SRVTXLPAWBTQSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSRZMXNNQTWAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC(F)(F)F PSRZMXNNQTWAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JDVCDTVFGALNDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC)OCC(F)(F)F JDVCDTVFGALNDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWFJXRUUPWIALU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl ethenesulfonate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)C=C MWFJXRUUPWIALU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMVZGGPZNHFGKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-(oxomethylidene)carbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)N=C=O VMVZGGPZNHFGKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZSKYCDUTFNRAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-(oxomethylidene)sulfamate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)N=C=O NZSKYCDUTFNRAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCNSGSUGQPDYTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl phenyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 YCNSGSUGQPDYTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMVJYQGSRWVMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propiolate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C#C FMVJYQGSRWVMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005648 ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GATNOFPXSDHULC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCP(O)(O)=O GATNOFPXSDHULC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- YHYNFMGKZFOMAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorocyclopentane Chemical compound FC1CCCC1 YHYNFMGKZFOMAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KRRYGFCJUCTWMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonyloxyethane Chemical compound CCOS(F)(=O)=O KRRYGFCJUCTWMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VWNMVRVXGCETIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,5-dione;3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1.CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O VWNMVRVXGCETIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- BXJVYKQABRSHEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-1,2,7-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound C(C(CCCCCC#N)C#N)C#N BXJVYKQABRSHEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VBRLZTLFLNZEPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-1-ynylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC#CC1=CC=CC=C1 VBRLZTLFLNZEPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSAZMTWHVNCILA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CCCC=CC#N CSAZMTWHVNCILA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUKGMSINNZGXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-5-ynylbenzene Chemical compound C#CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OUKGMSINNZGXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexahydrophthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1CCCC2C(=O)OC(=O)C21 MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAPPHJBROGJEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,3,5-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)CC(C#N)CCC#N YAPPHJBROGJEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AILKHAQXUAOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCC#N AILKHAQXUAOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQSINLZXJXXKOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C RQSINLZXJXXKOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANJPRQPHZGHVQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl isocyanate Chemical compound CCCCCCN=C=O ANJPRQPHZGHVQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEIWYFRREFUNRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;piperidine;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1CC[NH2+]CC1 VEIWYFRREFUNRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSLCOZYBKYHZNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C(C)C JSLCOZYBKYHZNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAQPNDIUHRHNCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC(C#N)=C1 LAQPNDIUHRHNCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940024423 isopropyl isobutyrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QHDRKFYEGYYIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC#N QHDRKFYEGYYIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021644 lanthanide ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2] RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRQMRGCRRPGZNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl sulfate Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)[O-].[Li+] VRQMRGCRRPGZNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021439 lithium cobalt complex oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021445 lithium manganese complex oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021440 lithium nickel complex oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;carbanide Chemical class [Li+].[CH3-] IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCWYVUZDHJMHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;ethyl sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].CCOS([O-])(=O)=O DCWYVUZDHJMHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ALYPSPRNEZQACK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;methyl sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].COS([O-])(=O)=O ALYPSPRNEZQACK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical compound N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBQRWNWVPQDTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCN=C=O RBQRWNWVPQDTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRPUVAKBXDBGJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MRPUVAKBXDBGJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTZYOEZOPLDMKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)F WTZYOEZOPLDMKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSSYKHYGURSRAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2-difluoroacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)F CSSYKHYGURSRAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQYDNFMKINXQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(fluoromethyl)propanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)(CF)C(F)(F)F OQYDNFMKINXQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPGCUXBNTDXTKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)C(F)(F)F YPGCUXBNTDXTKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTSAXXHOGZNKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-diethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)CC(=O)OC CTSAXXHOGZNKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIGOIUCRXKUEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-dimethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CP(=O)(OC)OC SIGOIUCRXKUEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAIQPNJLRLFLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-fluoropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)F MHAIQPNJLRLFLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQXSWJFFBKZPPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)(C)C#C WQXSWJFFBKZPPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMGBATZKLCISOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(F)(F)F PMGBATZKLCISOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVNWLMWNUJPCQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(F)(F)F RVNWLMWNUJPCQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPXDTULTYTZDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OC)OCC(F)(F)F QPXDTULTYTZDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBXNQZHITVCSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl fluorosulfonate Chemical compound COS(F)(=O)=O MBXNQZHITVCSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound COS(C)(=O)=O MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOVQDZPAVARTTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n-(oxomethylidene)carbamate Chemical compound COC(=O)N=C=O YOVQDZPAVARTTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSCIQDMNRZWRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n-(oxomethylidene)sulfamate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)N=C=O YSCIQDMNRZWRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUGDVPXCHOVCOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)CC=C DUGDVPXCHOVCOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMAKHNTVDGLIRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl prop-2-ynoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C#C IMAKHNTVDGLIRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(O)=O YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ALCLRMCZPYNXKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-2,4,4,6,6-pentafluoro-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-trien-2-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)P1(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(F)=N1 ALCLRMCZPYNXKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSEMETYAQIUBQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylmethanesulfonamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)S(C)(=O)=O KSEMETYAQIUBQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCFDSGHAIGTEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylmethanesulfonamide Chemical compound CN(C)S(C)(=O)=O WCFDSGHAIGTEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQIMPDXRFCFBGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(oxomethylidene)sulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)N=C=O RQIMPDXRFCFBGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYVCTYDTPSKPRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-carbonyl naphthalene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(OC(=O)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=O)=CC=CC2=C1 BYVCTYDTPSKPRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKFDZICYFPICJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2-carbonyl naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(OC(=O)C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)=O)=CC=C21 YKFDZICYFPICJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethane Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=O MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FDJSESZWPWMLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[CH2+] FDJSESZWPWMLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N normal nonane Natural products CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOUWNNABOUGTDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCC[CH2+] NOUWNNABOUGTDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTNXBLUGMAMSSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCCC#N BTNXBLUGMAMSSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PFPYHYZFFJJQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC1=O PFPYHYZFFJJQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930184652 p-Terphenyl Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUMIPOMGNPDRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-1-ene;sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O.CCCC=C RUMIPOMGNPDRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEGIOKWPYFOHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-1-ynylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC#CC1=CC=CC=C1 DEGIOKWPYFOHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPFNQJRQLFCEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-2-ynoyl pent-2-ynoate Chemical compound CCC#CC(=O)OC(=O)C#CCC QPFNQJRQLFCEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSSVPFJDGUDNJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-3-enoyl pent-3-enoate Chemical compound CC=CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC=CC FSSVPFJDGUDNJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYUZCJGWGRQIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-3-ynoyl pent-3-ynoate Chemical compound CC#CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC#CC YYUZCJGWGRQIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYEYHCGXDZKFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-3-ynyl acetate Chemical compound CC#CCCOC(C)=O ZYEYHCGXDZKFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWCSETPPHPYOTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-ynoyl pent-4-ynoate Chemical compound C#CCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCC#C CWCSETPPHPYOTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZNIPEZTZSRYGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-ynyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCCC#C UZNIPEZTZSRYGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOSORCNALVBYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-ynylbenzene Chemical compound C#CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KOSORCNALVBYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLFNLZLINWHATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO JLFNLZLINWHATN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCLLIOPPYKBZKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,2,5-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound C(C(CCCC#N)C#N)C#N WCLLIOPPYKBZKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXIMZKYZCDNHPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,3,5-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC(C#N)CCC#N RXIMZKYZCDNHPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003332 perflubutane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- LCTYQEDRGNZITB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl (2-phenylphenyl) carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 LCTYQEDRGNZITB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- QIIPQYDSKRYMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical class OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIIPQYDSKRYMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006391 phthalonitrile polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RKEWSXXUOLRFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimavanserin Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC(C)C)=CC=C1CNC(=O)N(C1CCN(C)CC1)CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 RKEWSXXUOLRFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006253 pitch coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- JAMNHZBIQDNHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalonitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C#N JAMNHZBIQDNHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- GHUURDQYRGVEHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-ynylbenzene Chemical compound CC#CC1=CC=CC=C1 GHUURDQYRGVEHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQRISIXYDYQDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)CC#N LQRISIXYDYQDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXLYKKNIXGIKAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C=C VXLYKKNIXGIKAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZYMGZPOKFHJIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl 4-methylbenzoate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(=O)OC(=O)C=C)C=C1 ZZYMGZPOKFHJIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYNDRZPWXNINHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl benzoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MYNDRZPWXNINHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSMSJHJAFDRFSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl but-2-enoate Chemical compound CC=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C LSMSJHJAFDRFSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCMRAABNSFGQBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl but-3-enoate Chemical compound C=CCC(=O)OC(=O)C=C SCMRAABNSFGQBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCRYMIBZHOLVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl cyclohexanecarboxylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 WCRYMIBZHOLVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZRABLBCPIOXFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl cyclopentanecarboxylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCC1 GZRABLBCPIOXFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRNFFOWTTAEYRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)C=C ZRNFFOWTTAEYRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC=C FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQFITXCEOOUKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl but-3-ynoate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)CC#C IQFITXCEOOUKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFBHOWRZOCQUDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl pent-4-ynoate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)CCC#C IFBHOWRZOCQUDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C=C QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZTZKTMIYBHUKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl(prop-2-ynyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound C(C#C)P(O)(=O)CC=C HZTZKTMIYBHUKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZKYDQNMAUSEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CC=C RZKYDQNMAUSEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPXQAJZZQBEITA-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynoyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound O=C(CC#N)OC(=O)C#C OPXQAJZZQBEITA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPOMMXIDIYNCOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynoyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C#C LPOMMXIDIYNCOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRGCSOIKEKODRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynoyl cyclopentanecarboxylate Chemical compound C1(CCCC1)C(=O)OC(C#C)=O MRGCSOIKEKODRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCQZNTPPUOKOCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynoyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C#C XCQZNTPPUOKOCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYXGTJQWDSWRAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynyl 2-diethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)CC(=O)OCC#C BYXGTJQWDSWRAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBDHEMWCIUHARG-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynyl benzoate Chemical compound C#CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NBDHEMWCIUHARG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JADOFECNZGDUSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC#C JADOFECNZGDUSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZYXLKHBIYJITK-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynyl cyclohexanecarboxylate Chemical compound C#CCOC(=O)C1CCCCC1 BZYXLKHBIYJITK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVYZLSAWDWDVLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynyl ethenesulfonate Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)OCC#C FVYZLSAWDWDVLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGRYSGVIVVUJHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC#C BGRYSGVIVVUJHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRHCGAAAVKESKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CCC(F)(F)F BRHCGAAAVKESKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- MNAMONWYCZEPTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2,3-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CCC(C#N)CC#N MNAMONWYCZEPTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZTMCBOPTQHICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl benzoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTMCBOPTQHICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVEMRMYVCNTJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(=O)CC CVEMRMYVCNTJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPXSBCUMTBXKNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl cyclopentanecarboxylate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCC1 ZPXSBCUMTBXKNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APGAJOXIADQGSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxycarbonyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC(=O)OCCC APGAJOXIADQGSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RRIHTUZFXYJIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl but-2-ynoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C#CC RRIHTUZFXYJIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBXJYQQMXMKEBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl but-3-ynoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CC#C CBXJYQQMXMKEBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAVYACLVIRBVIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl n-(oxomethylidene)carbamate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)N=C=O MAVYACLVIRBVIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCHJRQXFZLABEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl n-(oxomethylidene)sulfamate Chemical compound CCCOS(=O)(=O)N=C=O JCHJRQXFZLABEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXDGMXNKQIHVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl pent-3-ynoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CC#CC NXDGMXNKQIHVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVCXWTWZTMGPMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-ynoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C#C WVCXWTWZTMGPMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001107 pteroylglutamyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJHDFBAAFGELLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(C)CC QJHDFBAAFGELLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolene Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CC=CC1 MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005463 sulfonylimide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQJLSMYQBOJUGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F UQJLSMYQBOJUGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWBUVVYSQBFVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(C)(C)C TWBUVVYSQBFVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUPAXCPQAAOIPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl formate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC=O RUPAXCPQAAOIPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZWHXXNVLACKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylphosphanium Chemical compound CC[P+](CC)(CC)CC SZWHXXNVLACKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride Natural products C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXOBTBCNRIIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide Chemical compound O=S1CCCC1 ISXOBTBCNRIIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXYHVFRRNNWPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylphosphanium Chemical compound C[P+](C)(C)C BXYHVFRRNNWPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- FCFMKFHUNDYKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thietane 1,1-dioxide Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCC1 FCFMKFHUNDYKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWRYDHOHXNQTSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene oxide Chemical compound O=S1C=CC=C1 LWRYDHOHXNQTSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- FHYUCVWDMABHHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene;1,2-xylene Chemical class CC1=CC=CC=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1C FHYUCVWDMABHHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-IMJSIDKUSA-N trans-2,3-butylene carbonate Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(=O)O[C@H]1C LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CC SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylammonium ion Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUIMKUOHIINGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro(methylsulfonyl)methane Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ARUIMKUOHIINGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000685 trimethylsilyl polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFEAYIKULRXTAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenylsulfanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZFEAYIKULRXTAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNLMVEHAAAAZPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(triethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)OP(=O)(O[Si](CC)(CC)CC)O[Si](CC)(CC)CC VNLMVEHAAAAZPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGQKOWPBEQAVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(triethylsilyl) phosphite Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)OP(O[Si](CC)(CC)CC)O[Si](CC)(CC)CC NGQKOWPBEQAVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJHXAZLYJUNWIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethoxysilyl) phosphate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OP(=O)(O[Si](OC)(OC)OC)O[Si](OC)(OC)OC LJHXAZLYJUNWIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMZOBROUFBEGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C VMZOBROUFBEGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISIQQQYKUPBYSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCCCCCC#N ISIQQQYKUPBYSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/58—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/04—Esters of boric acids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/004—Three solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte for lithium ion secondary batteries, a lithium ion secondary battery, and a module.
- Patent Document 1 is characterized by using a quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt of a specific boron-containing anion as a solute. An electrolyte for electrolytic capacitors is described.
- Patent Document 2 describes an electrolytic solution for an electrochemical capacitor containing an amidinium salt composed of a specific boron-containing anion and an imidazolium cation substituted at the 2-position with an alkyl group.
- the lithium ion secondary battery is required to have low resistance and excellent cycle characteristics, and an electrolytic solution capable of improving these characteristics is required.
- the present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned present situation, and an electrolytic solution capable of providing a lithium ion secondary battery with low resistance and excellent cycle characteristics, and a lithium ion secondary battery provided with the electrolytic solution Intended to provide.
- the present invention relates to the general formula (1): (In general formula (1), R 1 and R 2 independently represent an alkyl group which may have an ether bond of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.)
- the compound is characterized by containing a compound (1)
- An electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery hereinafter, also referred to as a first electrolyte of the present invention.
- R 1 and R 2 are a methyl group.
- the compound (1) is represented by the formula (1-a): And a compound (1-a) represented by the formula: It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds (1-b) shown by
- the present invention relates to general formula (1-1): (In the general formula (1-1), R 1 and R 2 independently represent an alkyl group which may have an ether bond of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.) Imidazolium cation (1-1 ), And also an electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a bis (oxalato) borate anion and a hexafluorophosphate anion (hereinafter, also referred to as a second electrolyte of the present invention).
- At least one of R 1 and R 2 is preferably a methyl group.
- the imidazolium cation (1-1) is And an imidazolium cation (1-1a) represented by It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of imidazolium cations (1-1b) shown by
- the second electrolytic solution of the present invention has an imidazolium cation (1-1) concentration of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1.0 mol / L, and a bis (oxalato) borate anion concentration of 1.0 ⁇
- the concentration is preferably 10 -5 to 1.0 mol / L, and the concentration of hexafluorophosphate anion is preferably 0.01 to 1.5 mol / L.
- the first and second electrolytic solutions of the present invention preferably further contain chloride ions.
- the first and second electrolyte solutions of the present invention preferably have a chloride ion concentration of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 ppm.
- the present invention is also a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the first and second electrolytic solutions of the present invention.
- the present invention is also a module comprising the above lithium ion secondary battery.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention it is possible to provide a lithium ion secondary battery with low resistance and excellent cycle characteristics.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is low in resistance and excellent in cycle characteristics.
- the first electrolytic solution of the present invention has a general formula (1): And a compound (1) shown by the formula: By containing the compound (1), the first electrolytic solution of the present invention can provide a lithium ion secondary battery with low resistance and excellent cycle characteristics.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently an alkyl group which may have an ether bond of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group examples include methyl group (Me), ethyl group (Et), propyl group (Pr) and butyl group (Bu). It is preferable that at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a methyl group, and it is preferable that one of R 1 and R 2 is a methyl group and the other is an ethyl group, a propyl group or a butyl group.
- the content of the compound (1) is preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L with respect to the above-mentioned electrolytic solution.
- the content of the compound (1) is more preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 -4 mol / L or more, still more preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 -3 mol / L or more, with respect to the electrolytic solution, and 1.6 Particularly preferred is ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / L or more.
- 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is more preferable, 3.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is more preferable, and 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is still more preferable, and 1. Particularly preferred is 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less.
- the first electrolytic solution of the present invention preferably further contains a chloride ion (Cl ⁇ ).
- the compound (1) has the following general formula: (Wherein R 1 and R 2 are as described above) and an imidazolium chloride represented by the following formula: Since it can synthesize
- the content of chloride ion in compound (1) can be adjusted, for example, by purifying compound (1) by silica gel column chromatography.
- the concentration of chloride ions is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 ppm.
- concentration of chloride ion is in the above range, a lithium ion secondary battery with lower resistance and more excellent cycle characteristics can be provided.
- concentration of a chloride ion 1.0 * 10 ⁇ -5 > ppm or more is more preferable, 1.0 * 10 ⁇ -3 > ppm or more is still more preferable, 1.0 * 10 ⁇ -2 > ppm or more is still more preferable, 3. 0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ppm or more is particularly preferable, and 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 ppm or more is most preferable.
- 100 ppm or less is more preferable, 55 ppm or less is further preferable, 30 ppm or less is further more preferable, 15 ppm or less is particularly more preferable, 8.0 ppm or less is particularly preferable, and 3.0 ppm or less is most preferable.
- the first electrolytic solution of the present invention preferably further contains LiPF 6 as a compound containing lithium ions.
- the content of LiPF 6 is preferably 0.01 to 5.0 mol / L with respect to the above-mentioned electrolytic solution. When the content of LiPF 6 is in the above range, it is possible to provide a lithium ion secondary battery having lower resistance and further excellent cycle characteristics.
- the content of LiPF 6, with respect to the electrolytic solution more preferably at least 0.5 mol / L, more preferably not less than 0.7 mol / L, more than 0.8 mol / L is particularly preferred.
- the LiPF 6 is more preferably 1.8 mol / L or less, still more preferably 1.5 mol / L or less, and particularly preferably 1.2 mol / L or less.
- the second electrolytic solution of the present invention has a general formula (1-1): And imidazolium cation (1-1), a bis (oxalato) borate anion, and a hexafluorophosphate anion.
- the bis (oxalato) borate anion has the following formula: In an anion represented, hexafluorophosphate anion PF 6 - is an anion represented by.
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent an alkyl group which may have an ether bond of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Specific examples and preferred combinations of R 1 and R 2 are as described for the general formula (1).
- imidazolium cations (1-1) an imidazolium cation (1-1a) represented by And at least one selected from the group consisting of imidazolium cations (1-1b) shown by
- the concentration of imidazolium cation (1-1) is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1.0 mol / L, and the concentration of bis (oxalato) borate anion is 1.0. It is preferable that the concentration is 10 ⁇ 5 to 1.0 mol / L, and the concentration of hexafluorophosphate anion is 0.01 to 1.5 mol / L. When the concentration of these ions is in the above range, it is possible to provide a lithium ion secondary battery having lower resistance and further excellent cycle characteristics.
- the concentration of the imidazolium cation (1-1) is more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / L or more, still more preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / L or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 More preferably, it is mol / L or more, and particularly preferably 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / L or more.
- 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is more preferable
- 4.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is more preferable
- 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is more preferable
- 1. 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is particularly preferable
- 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is most preferable.
- the concentration of the bis (oxalato) borate anion is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -4 mol / L or more, more preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 -3 mol / L or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 -2 mol / L. L or more is further more preferable, and 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / L or more is particularly preferable.
- 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is more preferable, 4.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is more preferable, 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is more preferable, and 1. 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is particularly preferable, and 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol / L or less is most preferable.
- the concentration of hexafluorophosphate anion is more preferably 0.10 mol / L or more, further preferably 0.50 mol / L or more, and particularly preferably 0.80 mol / L or more. Moreover, 1.2 mol / L or less is more preferable, and 1.1 mol / L or less is still more preferable.
- the second electrolytic solution of the present invention preferably further contains a chloride ion.
- the concentration of chloride ion is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 ppm.
- concentration of chloride ion is in the above range, a lithium ion secondary battery with lower resistance and more excellent cycle characteristics can be provided.
- concentration of a chloride ion 1.0 * 10 ⁇ -5 > ppm or more is more preferable, 1.0 * 10 ⁇ -3 > ppm or more is still more preferable, 1.0 * 10 ⁇ -2 > ppm or more is still more preferable, 3.
- 0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ppm or more is particularly preferable, and 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 ppm or more is most preferable.
- 100 ppm or less is more preferable, 55 ppm or less is further preferable, 30 ppm or less is further more preferable, 15 ppm or less is particularly more preferable, 8.0 ppm or less is particularly preferable, and 3.0 ppm or less is most preferable.
- an ion source which gives each ion contained in the 2nd electrolyte solution of this invention it is a compound containing each ion, and a soluble compound can be used for the solvent which constitutes an electrolysis solution.
- the said ion source can use 1 type, or 2 or more types, respectively.
- Examples of the ion source of the imidazolium cation (1-1) include the compound (1) described above, a compound comprising the imidazolium cation (1-1) and a counter anion (except for the bis (oxalato) borate anion).
- Examples of the ion source of the bis (oxalato) borate anion include the above-mentioned compound (1), a compound comprising the bis (oxalato) borate anion and a counter cation (except for the imidazolium cation (1-1)).
- Examples of the above counter cation include Li + , ammonium cation, pyridinium cation, pyrrolidinium cation, piperidinium cation and the like, among which Li + is preferable.
- hexafluorophosphate anion a compound composed of hexafluorophosphate anion and counter cation can be mentioned.
- the counter cation include imidazolium cation (1-1), Li + , ammonium cation, pyridinium cation, pyrrolidinium cation, piperidinium cation and the like, among which imidazolium cation (1-1), Li + Is preferred, and Li + is more preferred.
- Chloride ion may be contained as an impurity in compound (1) as described above. Therefore, the compound (1) may be used as an ion source of chloride ion. In this case, the content of chloride ion in compound (1) can be adjusted, for example, by purifying compound (1) by silica gel column chromatography. Moreover, chlorides, such as lithium chloride, ammonium chloride, pyridinium chloride, pyrrolidinium chloride, piperidinium chloride, can also be used as another ion source of a chloride ion.
- chlorides such as lithium chloride, ammonium chloride, pyridinium chloride, pyrrolidinium chloride, piperidinium chloride, can also be used as another ion source of a chloride ion.
- the second electrolyte solution of the present invention preferably further contains lithium ions (Li + ).
- the concentration of lithium ions in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.01 to 1.5 mol / L.
- the concentration of lithium ion is more preferably 0.10 mol / L or more, further preferably 0.50 mol / L or more, and particularly preferably 0.80 mol / L or more.
- 1.2 mol / L or less is more preferable, and 1.1 mol / L or less is still more preferable.
- Examples of the ion source of lithium ion include a compound comprising lithium ion and a counter anion, and specifically, the compound (5) (wherein A a + is a lithium ion) or lithium salt (however, compound (5) Except for).
- the compound (5) wherein A a + is a lithium ion
- lithium salt however, compound (5) Except for.
- LiPF 6 , lithium bis (oxalato) borate and lithium chloride are preferable, LiPF 6 and lithium bis (oxalato) borate are more preferable, and LiPF 6 is still more preferable.
- the electrolyte solution (1st and 2nd electrolyte solution) of this invention contains a solvent.
- the solvent preferably contains a carbonate or an ester.
- the solvent can include cyclic carbonate or linear carbonate.
- the cyclic carbonate may be a non-fluorinated cyclic carbonate or a fluorinated cyclic carbonate.
- the linear carbonate may be a non-fluorinated linear carbonate or a fluorinated linear carbonate.
- the solvent preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of non-fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate, fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate, fluorinated linear carbonate, and non-fluorinated linear carbonate.
- non-fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate examples include non-fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonates having an alkylene group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, cis-2,3-pentylene carbonate, and cis are preferable as the above non-fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate in that the dielectric constant is high and the viscosity is suitable.
- the said non-fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
- the content of the non-fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate is preferably 5 to 90% by volume, more preferably 10 to 60% by volume, with respect to the solvent. Preferably, it is 15 to 45% by volume.
- non-fluorinated linear carbonates examples include CH 3 OCOOCH 3 (dimethyl carbonate: DMC), CH 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CH 3 (diethyl carbonate: DEC), CH 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 3 (ethyl methyl carbonate: EMC) ), CH 3 OCOOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 (methyl propyl carbonate), methyl butyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, methyl 2-phenyl phenyl carbonate, phenyl 2-phenyl phenyl carbonate, trans-2,3-
- hydrocarbon-based chain carbonates such as pentylene carbonate, trans-2,3-butylene carbonate and ethylphenyl carbonate.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate is preferable.
- the above non-fluorinated linear carbonates may be used alone or in any combination of two or more in any proportion.
- the content of the non-fluorinated linear carbonate is preferably 10 to 90% by volume, more preferably 40 to 85% by volume with respect to the solvent. Preferably, it is 50 to 80% by volume.
- the solvent preferably contains both the non-fluorinated linear carbonate and the non-fluorinated cyclic carbonate.
- the electrolyte containing the solvent of this composition can be suitably used for an electrochemical device used at a relatively low voltage.
- the solvent preferably contains 20 to 100% by volume, more preferably 30 to 95% by volume, and more preferably 50 to 90% by volume in total of the non-fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate and the non-fluorinated linear carbonate. Is more preferred.
- the volume ratio of the non-fluorinated cyclic carbonate to the non-fluorinated linear carbonate is 5/95 to 95. / 5 is preferable, 10/90 or more is more preferable, 15/85 or more is further preferable, 20/80 or more is particularly preferable, 90/10 or less is more preferable, and 60/40 or less is still more preferable.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention contains the fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate as an additive. It can also be done.
- the fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate in this case is preferably fluoroethylene carbonate or difluoroethylene carbonate, and the content of the fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass with respect to the solvent.
- the solvent can comprise a cyclic ester or a linear ester.
- the cyclic ester may be a non-fluorinated cyclic ester or a fluorinated cyclic ester.
- the chain carbonate may be a non-fluorinated chain ester or a fluorinated chain ester.
- the solvent preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of non-fluorinated saturated cyclic ester, fluorinated saturated cyclic ester, fluorinated chain ester and non-fluorinated chain ester.
- non-fluorinated saturated cyclic ester examples include non-fluorinated saturated cyclic ester having an alkylene group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- non-fluorinated saturated cyclic ester having an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms include ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone It can be mentioned. Among them, ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone are particularly preferable in view of the improvement of the lithium ion dissociation degree and the improvement of the load characteristics.
- the non-fluorinated saturated cyclic ester may be used alone or in any combination of two or more in any proportion.
- non-fluorinated linear esters examples include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate, tert-butyl propionate, tert-butyl butyrate Rate, sec-butyl propionate, sec-butyl butyrate, n-butyl butyrate, methyl pyrophosphate, ethyl pyrophosphate, tert-butyl formate, tert-butyl acetate, sec-butyl formate, sec-butyl acetate N-hexylpivalate, n-propylformate, n-propylacetate, n-butylformate, n-butylpivalate, n-octylpivalate, ethyl 2- (dimethoxyphosphoryl) acetate, e
- butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and butyl propionate are preferable, and ethyl propionate and propyl propionate are particularly preferable.
- the non-fluorinated linear esters may be used alone or in any combination and ratio of two or more.
- the non-fluorinated saturated cyclic ester is preferably 0 to 90% by volume, more preferably 0.001 to 90% by volume, and still more preferably 1 to 60% by volume with respect to the solvent. Particularly preferred is 5 to 40% by volume.
- the non-fluorinated linear ester is preferably 0 to 90% by volume, more preferably 0.001 to 90% by volume, and still more preferably 1 to 60% by volume with respect to the solvent. Particularly preferred is 5 to 40% by volume.
- the total of the non-fluorinated saturated cyclic ester and the non-fluorinated chain ester is preferably 0 to 90% by volume, more preferably 1 to 60% by volume, with respect to the solvent, and 5 to 40% by volume. More preferably, it is%.
- the solvent preferably contains a fluorinated cyclic carbonate in that it can be suitably used even under high voltage.
- the fluorinated cyclic carbonate may be a fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate or a fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate.
- “high voltage” refers to a voltage of 4.2 V or more. Moreover, as for the upper limit of "high voltage”, 4.9 V is preferable.
- the fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate is a saturated cyclic carbonate to which a fluorine atom is added, and specifically, the following general formula (A):
- X 1 to X 4 are the same or different and each is —H, —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 , —F, a fluorinated alkyl group which may have an ether bond, or an ether bond
- a compound represented by the above formula is a good fluorinated alkoxy group.
- the fluorinated alkyl group is —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CH 2 F or the like.
- ether bond is a bond represented by —O—.
- one or two of X 1 to X 4 may have -F, a fluorinated alkyl group which may have an ether bond, or an ether bond It is preferable that it is a fluorinated alkoxy group.
- X 1 to X 4 are —H, ⁇ F, a fluorinated alkyl group (a), an ether bond, because a decrease in viscosity at low temperatures, an increase in flash point, and an increase in solubility of electrolyte salts can be expected. It is preferable that it is a fluorinated alkyl group (b) or a fluorinated alkoxy group (c).
- the said fluorinated alkyl group (a) is what substituted at least 1 of the hydrogen atom which an alkyl group has with a fluorine atom.
- the carbon number of the fluorinated alkyl group (a) is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 17, still more preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably 1 to 5. If the number of carbons is too large, the low temperature characteristics may deteriorate or the solubility of the electrolyte salt may decrease. If the number of carbons is too small, the solubility of the electrolyte salt may decrease, the discharge efficiency may decrease, and further An increase in viscosity etc. may be observed.
- one having 1 carbon atom includes CFH 2- , CF 2 H-and CF 3- .
- CF 2 H— or CF 3 — is preferable in view of high-temperature storage characteristics, and CF 3 — is most preferable.
- those having 2 or more carbon atoms include those represented by the following general formula (a-1): R 1 -R 2- (a-1) (Wherein, R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom; R 2 is an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom; however, R 1 and The fluorinated alkyl group represented by at least one of R 2 s having a fluorine atom can be preferably exemplified from the viewpoint of good solubility of the electrolyte salt. R 1 and R 2 may further have other atoms than carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having one or more carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom.
- R 1 a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of R 1 is more preferably 1 to 6, and still more preferably 1 to 3.
- R 1 specifically, as a linear or branched alkyl group, CH 3- , CH 3 CH 2- , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2- , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2- ,
- R 1 is a linear alkyl group having a fluorine atom, CF 3- , CF 3 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 - , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 -, CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CF 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- ,
- R 1 is a branched alkyl group having a fluorine atom
- Etc. are preferably mentioned. However, since the viscosity is likely to be high when having a branch such as CH 3 -or CF 3- , it is more preferable that the number thereof is small (one) or zero.
- R 2 is an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom.
- R 2 may be linear or branched.
- An example of the minimum structural unit which comprises such a linear or branched alkylene group is shown below.
- R 2 is composed of these alone or in combination.
- R 2 is linear, it consists only of the above-mentioned linear minimum structural unit, and in particular, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 — or —CF 2 — is preferable.
- -CH 2 -or -CH 2 CH 2 - is more preferable because the solubility of the electrolyte salt can be further improved.
- R 2 When R 2 is branched, it contains at least one of the branched minimum structural units described above, and has a general formula of-(CX a X b )-(X a is H, F , CH 3 or CF 3;.
- X b is CH 3 or CF 3 provided that when X b is CF 3, X a is one represented by H or CH 3) it can be preferably exemplified. In particular, these can further improve the solubility of the electrolyte salt.
- Preferred fluorinated alkyl group (a) for example CF 3 CF 2 -, HCF 2 CF 2 -, H 2 CFCF 2 -, CH 3 CF 2 -, CF 3 CHF-, CH 3 CF 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2- , HCF 2 CF 2 CF 2- , H 2 CFCF 2 CF 2- , CH 3 CF 2 CF 2- ,
- the fluorinated alkyl group (b) having an ether bond is one in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group having an ether bond is substituted with a fluorine atom.
- the fluorinated alkyl group (b) having an ether bond preferably has 2 to 17 carbon atoms. If the number of carbon atoms is too large, the viscosity of the fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate becomes high, and the number of fluorine-containing groups increases. Therefore, the solubility of the electrolyte salt is reduced due to the reduction of the dielectric constant, and the compatibility with other solvents May be seen. From this viewpoint, the carbon number of the fluorinated alkyl group (b) having an ether bond is more preferably 2 to 10, still more preferably 2 to 7.
- the alkylene group constituting the ether portion of the fluorinated alkyl group (b) having an ether bond may be a linear or branched alkylene group. Examples of the minimum structural unit constituting such a linear or branched alkylene group are shown below.
- the alkylene group may be composed of these minimum structural units alone, and linear (i), branched (ii) or linear (i) and branched (ii) It may be configured by a combination. Preferred specific examples will be described later.
- fluorinated alkyl group (b) having an ether bond include general formula (b-1): R 3- (OR 4 ) n 1-(b-1) (Wherein, R 3 may have a fluorine atom, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 4 may have a fluorine atom, preferably an alkylene having 1 to 4 carbon atoms And n1 is an integer of 1 to 3, provided that at least one of R 3 and R 4 has a fluorine atom.
- R 3 and R 4 include the following, which can be combined as appropriate to form a fluorinated alkyl group (b) having an ether bond represented by the above general formula (b-1). Not limited to these.
- R 3 a general formula: X c 3 C- (R 5 ) n 2- (wherein three X c are the same or different, each is H or F; R 5 is a C 1-5 fluorine atom Alkylene group which may be possessed; n2 is preferably an alkyl group represented by 0 or 1).
- R 3 includes CH 3- , CF 3- , HCF 2 -and H 2 CF-.
- n2 is 1, as R 3 is linear, CF 3 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 -, CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 -, CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CF 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CH
- n2 is 1 and R 3 is a branched chain
- R 3 is linear.
- n1 is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2.
- R 4 may be the same or different.
- R 4 As preferable specific examples of R 4 , the following linear or branched ones can be exemplified.
- the said fluorinated alkoxy group (c) substitutes at least one of the hydrogen atoms which an alkoxy group has with a fluorine atom.
- the fluorinated alkoxy group (c) preferably has 1 to 17 carbon atoms. More preferably, it has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the fluorinated alkoxy group (c) may be represented by the general formula: X d 3 C- (R 6 ) n 3 -O- (wherein three X d are the same or different and each is H or F; R 6 preferably has carbon atoms Particularly preferred is a fluorinated alkoxy group represented by an alkylene group which may have 1 to 5 fluorine atoms; n3 is 0 or 1; provided that any of three X d 's contains a fluorine atom.
- fluorinated alkoxy group (c) examples include a fluorinated alkoxy group in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the end of the alkyl group exemplified as R 1 in the general formula (a-1).
- the fluorine content of the fluorinated alkyl group (a) in the fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate, the fluorinated alkyl group (b) having an ether bond, and the fluorinated alkoxy group (c) is preferably 10% by mass or more. If the fluorine content is too low, the viscosity lowering effect at low temperatures and the flash point raising effect may not be sufficiently obtained. From this viewpoint, the fluorine content is more preferably 12% by mass or more, and still more preferably 15% by mass or more. The upper limit is usually 76% by mass.
- the fluorine content of the fluorinated alkyl group (a), the fluorinated alkyl group (b) having an ether bond, and the fluorinated alkoxy group (c) is ⁇ (number of fluorine atoms based on the structural formula of each group It is the value computed by x19) / formula weight of each group ⁇ x 100 (%).
- the fluorine content of the entire fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate is preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 15% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is usually 76% by mass.
- the fluorine content of the fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate is determined by ⁇ (number of fluorine atoms ⁇ 19) / molecular weight of fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate ⁇ ⁇ 100 (%) based on the structural formula of fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate It is a calculated value.
- fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate examples include the following.
- Etc. can also be used.
- fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate in which at least one of X 1 to X 4 is a fluorinated alkyl group (a) and the rest are all —H are as follows:
- fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate in which at least one of X 1 to X 4 is a fluorinated alkyl group (b) having an ether bond or a fluorinated alkoxy group (c) and the rest is all -H.
- the fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate is preferably any of the following compounds.
- fluoroethylene carbonate fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoromethylethylene carbonate (3,3,3-trifluoropropylene carbonate), 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro, among others Propyl ethylene carbonate is more preferred.
- trans-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one 5- (1,1-difluoroethyl) -4,4-difluoro-1, 3-dioxolan-2-one
- 4-methylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one 4-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- 4-ethyl-5,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one 4-ethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- 4-ethyl-4,5,5-trifluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one 4-ethyl-4,5,5-trifluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-difluoro-5-methyl-1,3-diox
- the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is a cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond and a fluorine atom, and is preferably a fluorinated ethylene carbonate derivative substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon double bond, specifically 4,4-difluoro-5-phenylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4-phenylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-phenylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro -4-phenylethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-4-allylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4,5-diallyl Ethylene carbonate, 4,5- Fluoro-4-vinyl ethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4,5-divinyl ethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro
- the said fluorinated cyclic carbonate is not limited only to the specific example mentioned above.
- the said fluorinated cyclic carbonate may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
- the content of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate is preferably 5 to 90% by volume, more preferably 10 to 60% by volume, and still more preferably 15 to 45% by volume with respect to the solvent.
- the solvent preferably contains a fluorinated linear carbonate in that it can be suitably used even under high voltage.
- Rf 2 OCOOR 7 (B) (Wherein, R f 2 is a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and R 7 is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may contain a fluorine atom) It can be mentioned.
- Rf 2 is a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms
- R 7 is an alkyl group optionally containing a fluorine atom having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- the said fluorinated alkyl group substitutes at least one of the hydrogen atoms which an alkyl group has with a fluorine atom.
- R 7 is an alkyl group containing a fluorine atom, it is a fluorinated alkyl group.
- Rf 2 and R 7 preferably have 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- the solubility of the electrolyte salt may decrease. If the number of carbons is too small, the solubility of the electrolyte salt may decrease, the discharge efficiency may decrease, and further An increase in viscosity etc. may be observed.
- fluorinated alkyl group having 1 carbon atom examples include CFH 2- , CF 2 H-, and CF 3- .
- CFH 2 -or CF 3 - is preferable in view of high temperature storage characteristics.
- Examples of the fluorinated alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms include the following general formula (d-1): R 1 -R 2- (d-1) (Wherein, R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom; R 2 is an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom; however, R 1 and The fluorinated alkyl group represented by at least one of R 2 s having a fluorine atom can be preferably exemplified from the viewpoint of good solubility of the electrolyte salt. R 1 and R 2 may further have other atoms than carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having one or more carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom.
- R 1 a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of R 1 is more preferably 1 to 6, and still more preferably 1 to 3.
- R 1 specifically, as a linear or branched alkyl group, CH 3- , CF 3- , CH 3 CH 2- , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2- , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2- ,
- R 1 is a linear alkyl group having a fluorine atom, CF 3- , CF 3 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 - , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 -, CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CF 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2- ,
- R 1 is a branched alkyl group having a fluorine atom
- Etc. are preferably mentioned. However, since the viscosity is likely to be high when having a branch such as CH 3 -or CF 3- , it is more preferable that the number thereof is small (one) or zero.
- R 2 is an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom.
- R 2 may be linear or branched.
- An example of the minimum structural unit which comprises such a linear or branched alkylene group is shown below.
- R 2 is composed of these alone or in combination.
- R 2 is linear, it consists only of the above-mentioned linear minimum structural unit, and in particular, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 — or —CF 2 — is preferable.
- -CH 2 -or -CH 2 CH 2 - is more preferable because the solubility of the electrolyte salt can be further improved.
- R 2 When R 2 is branched, it contains at least one of the branched minimum structural units described above, and has a general formula of-(CX a X b )-(X a is H, F , CH 3 or CF 3;.
- X b is CH 3 or CF 3 provided that when X b is CF 3, X a is one represented by H or CH 3) it can be preferably exemplified. In particular, these can further improve the solubility of the electrolyte salt.
- fluorinated alkyl groups are, for example, CF 3 CF 2- , HCF 2 CF 2- , H 2 CFCF 2- , CH 3 CF 2- , CF 3 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2- , HCF 2 CF 2 CF 2- , H 2 CFCF 2 CF 2- , CH 3 CF 2 CF 2- ,
- fluorinated alkyl groups of Rf 2 and R 7 CF 3- , CF 3 CF 2- , (CF 3 ) 2 CH-, CF 3 CH 2- , C 2 F 5 CH 2- , CF 3 Preferred are CF 2 CH 2- , HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2- , CF 3 CFHCF 2 CH 2- , CFH 2- , and CF 2 H-, which have high flame retardancy and good rate characteristics and oxidation resistance.
- CF 3 CH 2- , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2- , HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2- , CFH 2- , and CF 2 H- are more preferable.
- R 7 is an alkyl group not containing a fluorine atom, it is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. From the viewpoint of low viscosity, R 7 preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the above-mentioned alkyl group not containing a fluorine atom include CH 3- , CH 3 CH 2- , (CH 3 ) 2 CH-, C 3 H 7- and the like. Among them, CH 3 -and CH 3 CH 2 -are preferable in terms of low viscosity and good rate characteristics.
- the fluorinated linear carbonate preferably has a fluorine content of 20 to 70% by mass.
- the fluorine content is in the above-mentioned range, the compatibility with the solvent and the solubility of the salt can be maintained. 30 mass% or more is more preferable, 35 mass% or more is further more preferable, 60 mass% or less is more preferable, and 50 mass% or less is still more preferable.
- the fluorine content is based on the structural formula of the above-mentioned fluorinated linear carbonate, ⁇ (Number of fluorine atoms ⁇ 19) / molecular weight of fluorinated linear carbonate ⁇ ⁇ 100 (%) Is a value calculated by
- the fluorinated linear carbonate is preferably any of the following compounds in view of low viscosity.
- methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate is more preferable.
- the content of the fluorinated linear carbonate is preferably 10 to 90% by volume, more preferably 40 to 85% by volume, and still more preferably 50 to 80% by volume with respect to the solvent.
- the solvent preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of the fluorinated linear carbonate and the fluorinated cyclic carbonate, and includes both the fluorinated linear carbonate and the fluorinated cyclic carbonate. More preferable.
- An electrolyte containing a solvent of this composition can be suitably used for electrochemical devices used at relatively high voltages.
- the solvent preferably contains 10 to 100% by volume of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate and the fluorinated linear carbonate in total.
- 20 volume% or more is more preferable in total, 30 volume% or more is further more preferable, 40 volume% or more is especially preferable, 85 volume% or less is more preferable, 80 volume% or less is still more preferable.
- the volume ratio of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate to the fluorinated linear carbonate is preferably 5/95 to 95/5, 10/90 or more is more preferable, 20/80 or more is further preferable, 30/70 or more is particularly preferable, 80/20 or less is more preferable, and 60/40 or less is still more preferable.
- the above-mentioned solvent contains a fluorinated chain ester in that it can be suitably used even under high voltage.
- a fluorinated linear ester the following general formula: Rf 31 COORf 32 (Wherein, R f 31 is a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R f 32 is an alkyl group optionally containing a fluorine atom having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) From the viewpoint of good compatibility with these compounds and oxidation resistance.
- Rf 31 examples include HCF 2- , CF 3- , CF 3 CF 2- , HCF 2 CF 2- , CH 3 CF 2- , CF 3 CH 2- and the like, and among them, HCF 2- , CF 3- -, CF 3 CF 2- , and CF 3 CH 2 -are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of good viscosity and oxidation resistance.
- Rf 32 for example, CH 3- , C 2 H 5- , CF 3- , CF 3 CF 2- , (CF 3 ) 2 CH-, CF 3 CH 2- , CF 3 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3 3 CFHCF 2 CH 2 -, C 2 F 5 CH 2 -, CF 2 HCF 2 CH 2 -, C 2 F 5 CH 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 -
- CH 3- , C 2 H 5- , CF 3 CH 2- , and CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 - are particularly preferable because of their good compatibility with other solvents.
- the content of the fluorinated chain ester is preferably 5 to 90% by volume, more preferably 15 to 70% by volume, with respect to the solvent.
- the solvent may also contain at least one fluorinated carbonate selected from the group consisting of the fluorinated linear carbonate and the fluorinated cyclic carbonate, and the fluorinated linear ester.
- An electrolyte containing a solvent of this composition can be suitably used for electrochemical devices used at relatively high voltages.
- the total content of the fluorinated carbonate and the fluorinated chain ester is 10 to 100% by volume.
- the content is preferably 20% by volume or more, more preferably 30% by volume or more, particularly preferably 40% by volume or more, still more preferably 95% by volume or less, still more preferably 90% by volume or less, in total. Particularly preferred is volume% or less.
- the volume ratio of the fluorinated carbonate to the fluorinated chain ester is preferably 5/95 to 95/5, and 10/90.
- the above is more preferable, 20/80 or more is further preferable, 30/70 or more is particularly preferable, and 90/10 or less is more preferable.
- the said solvent consists only of the compound (non-fluorinated solvent) which does not have a fluorine atom. Moreover, it is preferable that the said solvent is a non-aqueous solvent, and it is preferable that the electrolyte solution of this invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may further contain a compound (5) represented by the general formula (5).
- a a + is a metal ion, a hydrogen ion or an onium ion, a is an integer of 1 to 3, b is an integer of 1 to 3, p is b / a, n 203 is an integer of 1 to 4, n 201 is An integer of 0 to 8, n 202 is 0 or 1, Z 201 is a transition metal, an element of group III, IV or V of the periodic table.
- X 201 represents O, S, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a halogenated arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (alkylene group And the halogenated alkylene group, the arylene group and the halogenated arylene group may have a substituent or a hetero atom in the structure, and when n 202 is 1 and n 203 is 2 to 4, n 203 Each X 201 may be bonded).
- L 201 represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogenated aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms
- the alkylene group, the halogenated alkylene group, the arylene group and the halogenated arylene group may have a substituent or a hetero atom in the structure, and when n 201 is 2 to 8, n 201 L 201 is Each may combine to form a ring) or -Z 203 Y 203 .
- Y 201, Y 202 and Z 203 are, O each independently, S, NY 204, hydrocarbon group or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group.
- Y 203 and Y 204 each independently represent H, F, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogen having 6 to 20 carbon atoms
- Arylated aryl group (the alkyl group, the halogenated alkyl group, the aryl group and the halogenated aryl group may have a substituent or a hetero atom in the structure, and when a plurality of Y 203 or Y 204 exist, May combine to form a ring)).
- a a + is preferably a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a magnesium ion, a tetraalkylammonium ion or a hydrogen ion, and a lithium ion is particularly preferable.
- the valence number a of the cation of A a + is an integer of 1 to 3. If it is more than 3, the crystal lattice energy becomes large, which causes a problem that dissolution in a solvent becomes difficult. Therefore, when solubility is required, 1 is more preferable.
- the valence b of the anion is an integer of 1 to 3, and 1 is particularly preferable.
- the constant p representing the ratio of cation to anion is necessarily determined by the ratio b / a of the two valences.
- the ligand part of the general formula (5) will be described.
- the organic or inorganic moiety bonded to Z 201 in the general formula (5) is referred to as a ligand.
- Z 201 is preferably Al, B, V, Ti, Si, Zr, Ge, Sn, Cu, Y, Zn, Ga, Nb, Ta, Bi, P, As, Sc, Hf or Sb, Al , B or P is more preferable.
- X 201 represents O, S, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a halogenated arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- alkylene group and arylene group may have a substituent or a hetero atom in the structure.
- a halogen atom instead of hydrogen on an alkylene group and an arylene group, a halogen atom, a chain or cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a sulfonyl group, an amino group, a cyano group, a carbonyl It may have a group, an acyl group, an amido group or a hydroxyl group as a substituent, or may have a structure in which nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen is introduced instead of carbon on alkylene and arylene.
- n 202 is 1 and n 203 is 2 to 4, each of n 203 X 201 may be combined.
- Such examples may include ligands such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
- L 201 represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogenated aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, -Z 203 Y 203 (Z 203 and Y 203 will be described later).
- the alkyl group and the aryl group here may also have a substituent and a hetero atom in the structure, as in X 201, and when n 201 is 2 to 8, n 201 L 201 is each It may combine to form a ring.
- a fluorine atom or a cyano group is preferable.
- the solubility and the degree of dissociation of the salt of the anion compound are improved, and along with this, the ion conductivity is improved.
- oxidation resistance improves and generation
- Y 201, Y 202 and Z 203 are each independently, O, S, NY 204, hydrocarbon group, or an fluorinated hydrocarbon group.
- Y 201 and Y 202 are preferably O, S or NY 204 , more preferably O.
- these ligands constitute the Z 201 and chelate structure within the same ligand. The heat resistance, chemical stability and hydrolysis resistance of this compound are improved by the effect of this chelate.
- n 202 in this ligand is 0 or 1, but in the case of 0, in particular, the chelating effect is a five-membered ring, and thus the chelating effect is most strongly exhibited and the stability is increased.
- a fluorinated hydrocarbon group is a group in which at least one hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon group is substituted by a fluorine atom.
- Y 203 and Y 204 each independently represent H, F, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or 6 to 20 carbon atoms It is a halogenated aryl group, and these alkyl group and aryl group may have a substituent or a hetero atom in the structure, and when two or more Y 203 or Y 204 exist, each is bonded To form a ring.
- the constant n 203 related to the number of ligands described above is an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 2.
- the constant n 201 related to the number of ligands described above is an integer of 0 to 8, preferably an integer of 0 to 4, and more preferably 0, 2 or 4. Furthermore, it is preferable that n 201 is 2 when n 203 is 1 and n 201 is 0 when n 203 is 2.
- the alkyl group, the halogenated alkyl group, the aryl group and the halogenated aryl group also include those having other functional groups such as a branch, a hydroxyl group and an ether bond.
- Examples of the compound (5) include lithium oxalato borate salts, and the following formula: Lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LIBOB) represented by the following formula: Lithium difluoro oxalato borate (LIDFOB),
- Lithium difluoro oxalato phosphanite represented by the following formula: Lithium tetrafluoro oxalato phosphanite (LITFOP) represented by the following formula: And lithium bis (oxalato) difluorophosphanite and the like.
- dicarboxylic acid complex salts in which the complex center element is boron include lithium bis (malonato) borate, lithium difluoro (malonato) borate, lithium bis (methyl malonato) borate, lithium difluoro (methyl malonato) borate, lithium bis ( Dimethyl malonato) borate, lithium difluoro (dimethyl malonato) borate and the like can be mentioned.
- dicarboxylic acid complex salt in which the complex central element is phosphorus include lithium tris (oxalato) phosphate, lithium tris (malonato) phosphate, lithium difluorobis (malonato) phosphate, lithium tetrafluoro (malonato) phosphate and lithium tris Methylmalonato) phosphate, lithium difluorobis (methylmalonato) phosphate, lithium tetrafluoro (methylmalonato) phosphate, lithium tris (dimethylmalonato) phosphate, lithium difluorobis (dimethylmalonato) phosphate, lithium tetrafluoro (dimethylmalonato) phosphate etc. It can be mentioned.
- LiAl (C 2 O 4 ) 2 LiAlF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), etc. may be mentioned.
- lithium bis (oxalato) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate, lithium tris (oxalato) phosphate, lithium difluorobis (oxalato) phosphate and lithium tetrafluoro (oxalato) phosphate are easy to obtain and have a stable film-like structure. From the point which can contribute to formation of a thing, it is used more suitably.
- the content of the compound (5) is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and 10% by mass, with respect to the solvent, since further excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. % Or less is preferable and 3 mass% or less is more preferable.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention preferably further contains an electrolyte salt (excluding the compound (5) and LiPF 6 ).
- an electrolyte salt excluding the compound (5) and LiPF 6 .
- lithium salt (provided that the compound (5) and excluding LiPF 6) is preferred.
- Arbitrary things can be used as said lithium salt, The following are mentioned specifically.
- Lithium tungstates such as LiWO
- electrolyte salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, it is preferable to use the above-mentioned LiPF 6 in combination with LiBF 4 , FSO 3 Li, LiPO 2 F 2 or the like, which has an effect of improving load characteristics and cycle characteristics.
- the blending amount of LiBF 4 , FSO 3 Li or LiPO 2 F 2 with respect to 100% by mass of the whole electrolyte is not limited, and is optional as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
- the content is 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 30% by mass or less, preferably 20% by mass or less.
- Another example is the combined use of an inorganic lithium salt and an organic lithium salt, and the combined use of both has the effect of suppressing deterioration due to high temperature storage.
- the organic lithium salt CF 3 SO 3 Li, LiN (FSO 2 ) 2 , LiN (FSO 2 ) (CF 3 SO 2 ), LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 Lithium cyclic 1,2-perfluoroethanedisulfonyl imide lithium cyclic 1,3-perfluoropropane disulfonyl imide LiC (FSO 2 ) 3 LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 LiC (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 ) 3 , LiBF 3 CF 3 , LiBF 3 C 2 F 5 , LiPF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 or the like.
- the ratio of the organic lithium salt to the total 100% by mass of the electrolyte is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and preferably 30% by mass or less, particularly preferably Preferably it is 20 mass% or less.
- the concentration of these electrolyte salts in the electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the total molar concentration of lithium in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.3 mol / L or more, and more preferably 0.4 mol / L, in order to set the electric conductivity of the electrolytic solution in a good range and to ensure good battery performance.
- the amount is more preferably 0.5 mol / L or more, preferably 3 mol / L or less, more preferably 2.5 mol / L or less, and still more preferably 2.0 mol / L or less.
- the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte may be insufficient.
- the concentration is too high, the electrical conductivity may decrease due to the increase in viscosity, and the battery performance may decrease. May.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention has the general formula (2): (Wherein, X 21 is a group containing at least H or C, n 21 is an integer of 1 to 3, Y 21 and Z 21 are the same or different, a group containing at least H, C, O or F, n 22 Preferably further includes a compound (2) shown by 0), 1 and Y 21 and Z 21 may be bonded to each other to form a ring).
- the electrolytic solution contains the compound (2), the capacity retention ratio is less likely to be further reduced even when stored at high temperature, and the amount of gas generation is less likely to be further increased.
- n 21 is 2 or 3
- two or three X 21 s may be the same or different.
- the plurality of Y 21 and Z 21 may be the same or different.
- H-, F-, CH 3- , CH 3 CH 2- , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3- , CF 3 CF 2- , CH 2 FCH 2 -and CF 3 CF 2 CF At least one selected from the group consisting of 2- is preferred.
- Z 21 H-, F-, CH 3- , CH 3 CH 2- , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3- , CF 3 CF 2- , CH 2 FCH 2 -and CF 3 CF 2 CF At least one selected from the group consisting of 2- is preferred.
- Y 21 and Z 21 may be bonded to each other to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring which may contain an unsaturated bond and which may have aromaticity.
- the number of carbon atoms in the ring is preferably 3 to 20.
- analog refers to an acid anhydride obtained by replacing a part of the structure of the exemplified acid anhydride with another structure without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the acid anhydride having a five-membered ring structure examples include succinic anhydride, methyl succinic anhydride (4-methyl succinic anhydride), and dimethyl succinic anhydride (4, 4-dimethyl succinic anhydride) , 4,5-dimethylsuccinic anhydride etc.), 4,4,5-trimethylsuccinic anhydride, 4,4,5,5-tetramethylsuccinic anhydride, 4-vinylsuccinic anhydride, 4,5 -Divinylsuccinic anhydride, phenylsuccinic anhydride (4-phenylsuccinic anhydride), 4,5-diphenylsuccinic anhydride, 4,4-diphenylsuccinic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, maleic anhydride, Methylmaleic anhydride (4-methylmaleic anhydride), 4,5-dimethylmaleic anhydride, phenylmaleic anhydride (4-phenylmaleic
- the acid anhydride having a 6-membered ring structure include cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride (cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride etc.), 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, Examples thereof include glutaric anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, 2-phenylglutaric anhydride and the like, and analogs thereof.
- acid anhydride forming the cyclic structure 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, pyromellitic acid anhydride, diglycolic acid anhydride And their analogues.
- acid anhydride which forms a cyclic structure and is substituted by a halogen atom examples include monofluorosuccinic anhydride (4-fluorosuccinic anhydride and the like), 4,4-difluorosuccinic anhydride, , 5-Difluorosuccinic anhydride, 4,4,5-trifluorosuccinic anhydride, trifluoromethylsuccinic anhydride, tetrafluorosuccinic anhydride (4,4,5,5-tetrafluorosuccinic anhydride ), 4-fluoromaleic anhydride, 4,5-difluoromaleic anhydride, trifluoromethylmaleic anhydride, 5-fluoroitaconic anhydride, 5,5-difluoroitaconic anhydride, etc. And the like.
- glutaric anhydride citraconic anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, diglycolic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4-cyclohexene- 1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride, 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, phenyl succinic acid anhydride, 2-phenyl glutaric acid anhydride, Maleic anhydride, methylmaleic anhydride, trifluoromethylmaleic anhydride, phenylmaleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, methylsuccinic anhydride, dimethylsuccinic anhydride, trifluoromethylsuccinic anhydride, monofluorosuccinic anhydride Acid anhydride, te
- the compound (2) is represented by the general formula (3):
- X 31 to X 34 are the same or different and each is a group containing at least H, C, O or F), a compound (3), and a compound represented by the general formula (4):
- X 41 and X 42 are the same or different and is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds (4) represented by a group containing at least H, C, O or F) .
- X 31 to X 34 at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a fluorinated alkyl group, an alkenyl group and a fluorinated alkenyl group, which may be the same or different, is preferable.
- the carbon number of X 31 to X 34 is preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 3.
- H-, F-, CH 3- , CH 3 CH 2- , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3- , CF 3 CF 2- , CH 2 FCH 2 - and CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 - at least one member selected from the group consisting of is more preferable.
- X 41 and X 42 at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a fluorinated alkyl group, an alkenyl group and a fluorinated alkenyl group, which may be the same or different, is preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of X 41 and X 42 is preferably 1 to 10, 1 to 3 more preferred.
- H-, F-, CH 3- , CH 3 CH 2- , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2- , CF 3- , CF 3 CF 2- , CH 2 FCH 2 - and CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 - at least one member selected from the group consisting of is more preferable.
- the compound (3) is preferably any of the following compounds.
- the compound (4) is preferably any of the following compounds.
- the content of the compound (2) is more preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, still more preferably 0.1 to 3% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by mass.
- the electrolytic solution contains both the compounds (3) and (4), the capacity retention is less likely to decrease even when stored at high temperatures, and the amount of gas generation is further difficult to increase.
- 0.08 to 2.50% by mass of the compound (3) and 0.02 to 1.50% by mass of the compound (4) based on the electrolytic solution preferably 0.80 to 2.50. More preferably, the composition contains 3% by mass of the compound (3) and 0.08 to 1.50% by mass of the compound (4).
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile compounds represented by the following general formulas (1a), (1b) and (1c).
- R a and R b each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a cyano group (CN), a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or a group obtained by substituting at least a part of hydrogen atoms of an alkyl group with a halogen atom N represents an integer of 1 to 10.
- R c is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a group obtained by substituting at least a part of hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group with a halogen atom, or NC-R c1 -X c1- (R c is an alkylene group And X c1 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- R d and R e each independently represent at least a part of a hydrogen atom, a halogen
- R a and R b each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a cyano group (CN), a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or a hydrogen atom of at least part of the alkyl group as a halogen atom It is a substituted group.
- a halogen atom a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom is mentioned, for example. Among them, a fluorine atom is preferable.
- the alkyl group is preferably one having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group and a tert-butyl group.
- a group which substituted at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group by the halogen atom a group which substituted at least one hydrogen atom of the above-mentioned alkyl group by the above-mentioned halogen atom can be mentioned.
- R a and R b are an alkyl group or a group obtained by substituting at least a part of hydrogen atoms of an alkyl group with a halogen atom
- R a and R b are bonded to each other to form a ring structure (eg cyclohexane ring ) May be formed.
- R a and R b are preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- n is an integer of 1 to 10.
- n pieces of R a may be the same for all, it may be at least partially different.
- R b is preferably an integer of 1 to 7, and more preferably an integer of 2 to 5.
- dinitrile and tricarbonitrile are preferable.
- the dinitrile include malononitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimeronitrile, suberonitrile, azera nitrile, sebaconitrile, undecane dinitrile, dodecane dinitrile, methyl malononitrile, ethyl malononitrile, isopropyl malononitrile, tert-butyl Malononitrile, methyl succinonitrile, 2, 2-dimethyl succinonitrile, 2,3- dimethyl succinonitrile, 2, 3, 3- trimethyl succinonitrile, 2, 2, 3, 3- tetramethyl succinonitrile 2,3-Diethyl-2,3-dimethylsuccinonitrile, 2,2-diethyl-3,3-dimethylsuccinonitrile, bicyclohexyl-1,1-d
- succinonitrile particularly preferred are succinonitrile, glutaronitrile and adiponitrile, and most preferred is adiponitrile.
- specific examples of tricarbonitrile include pentane tricarbonitrile, propane tricarbonitrile, 1,3,5-hexane tricarbonitrile, 1,3,6-hexane tricarbonitrile, heptane tricarbonitrile, 2,3-propanetricarbonitrile, 1,3,5-pentanetricarbonitrile, cyclohexanetricarbonitrile, triscyanoethylamine, triscyanoethoxypropane, tricyanoethylene, tris (2-cyanoethyl) amine and the like Preferred are 1,3,6-hexane tricarbonitrile and cyclohexane tricarbonitrile, and most preferred is cyclohexane tricarbonitrile.
- R c is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a group obtained by substituting at least a part of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group with a halogen atom, or NC-R c1 -X c1- (R c1 is an alkylene group, and X c1 is a group represented by an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.)
- R d and R e each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkyl group Are groups in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms are substituted by halogen atoms.
- halogen atom examples include those exemplified for the above general formula (1a).
- the NC-R c1 -X c1 - in R c1 is an alkylene group.
- the alkylene group an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Each of R c , R d and R e is preferably independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or a group obtained by substituting at least a part of hydrogen atoms of an alkyl group with a halogen atom.
- At least one of R c , R d and R e is preferably a halogen atom or a group obtained by substituting at least a part of hydrogen atoms of an alkyl group with a halogen atom, and at least one of a fluorine atom or an alkyl group It is more preferable that it is a group in which a part of hydrogen atoms is substituted by a fluorine atom.
- R d and R e are an alkyl group or a group obtained by substituting at least a part of hydrogen atoms of an alkyl group with a halogen atom, R d and R e are bonded to each other to form a ring structure (eg, cyclohexane ring ) May be formed.
- a ring structure eg, cyclohexane ring
- m is an integer of 1 to 10.
- the m Rds may be all the same or at least partially different.
- m is preferably an integer of 2 to 7, and more preferably an integer of 2 to 5.
- nitrile compound represented by the above general formula (1b) acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile, isovaleronitrile, lauronitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, 2-methylbutyro ro Nitrile, trimethylacetonitrile, hexanenitrile, cyclopentanecarbonitrile, cyclohexanecarbonitrile, fluoroacetonitrile, difluoroacetonitrile, trifluoroacetonitrile, 2-fluoropropionitrile, 3-fluoropropionitrile, 2,2-difluoropropionitrile, 2,3-Difluoropropionitrile, 3,3-difluoropropionitrile, 2,2,3-trifluoropropionitrile, 3,3,3-trifluoropropionitrile, 3 3'-oxy dipropionate nitrile, 3,3' thiodipropion
- R f , R g , R h and R i each independently represent at least a group including a cyano group (CN), a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkyl group. It is a group in which a part of hydrogen atoms is replaced by a halogen atom.
- CN cyano group
- the halogen atom, the alkyl group, and the group in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group is substituted with a halogen atom include those exemplified for the above general formula (1a).
- R f , R g , R h and R i are a group containing a cyano group.
- R f , R g , R h and R i are a group containing a cyano group.
- R f and R g are preferably a hydrogen atom.
- l is an integer of 1 to 3.
- l R f may be all the same or at least a part may be different.
- R g is preferably an integer of 1 to 2.
- nitrile compound represented by the above general formula (1c) 3-hexenedinonitrile, mucononitrile, maleonitrile, fumaronitrile, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, crotononitrile, 3-methylcrotononitrile, 2-methyl-2- Examples thereof include butenenitrile, 2-pentenenitrile, 2-methyl-2-pentenenitrile, 3-methyl-2-pentenenitrile, 2-hexenenitrile and the like, and 3-hexene dinitrile and mucononitrile are preferable, and 3-hexene di particular Nitriles are preferred.
- the content of the nitrile compound is preferably 0.2 to 7% by mass with respect to the electrolytic solution. This can further improve the high temperature storage characteristics and safety of the electrochemical device at high voltage.
- the lower limit of the total content of the nitrile compound is more preferably 0.3% by mass, and still more preferably 0.5% by mass.
- the upper limit is more preferably 5% by mass, still more preferably 2% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5% by mass.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may contain a compound having an isocyanato group (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "isocyanate”). It does not specifically limit as said isocyanate, Arbitrary isocyanate can be used. Examples of the isocyanate include monoisocyanates, diisocyanates, triisocyanates and the like.
- monoisocyanates include isocyanatomethane, isocyanatoethane, 1-isocyanatopropane, 1-isocyanatobutane, 1-isocyanatopentane, 1-isocyanatohexane, 1-isocyanatoheptane, 1-isocyanate.
- diisocyanates include 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, 1,5-diisocyanatopentane, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 1,7-diisocyanatoheptane, 1,8-diisocyanate Natooctane, 1,9-diisocyanatononane, 1,10-diisocyanatodecane, 1,3-diisocyanatopropene, 1,4-diisocyanato-2-butene, 1,4-diisocyanato-2-fluorobutane 1,4-diisocyanato-2,3-difluorobutane, 1,5-diisocyanato-2-pentene, 1,5-diisocyanato-2-methylpentane, 1,6-diisocyanato-2-hexene, 1,6-diisocyanato -3-hexene, 1,6-diisocyan
- triisocyanates include 1,6,11-triisocyanatoundecane, 4-isocyanatomethyl-1,8-octamethylene diisocyanate, 1,3,5-triisocyanatomethylbenzene, 1,3,5 -Tris (6-isocyanatohex-1-yl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6 (1H, 3H, 5H) -trione, 4- (isocyanatomethyl) octamethylene diisocyanate etc. It can be mentioned.
- 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,3,5-tris (6-isocyanatohexa-1-yl) -1,3,5-triazine- 2,4,6 (1H, 3H, 5H) -trione, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate are industrially easy to obtain It is preferable in that the production cost of the electrolytic solution can be kept low, and from the technical point of view it can contribute to the formation of a stable film-like structure and is more preferably used.
- the content of the isocyanate is not particularly limited and is optional as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but the content is preferably 0.001% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less with respect to the electrolytic solution.
- the content of the isocyanate is at least the lower limit, the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can have a sufficient effect of improving the cycle characteristics. Moreover, the initial stage resistance increase of a non-aqueous electrolyte solution secondary battery can be avoided as it is below this upper limit.
- the content of isocyanate is more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.8% by mass or less, more preferably Is at most 0.7% by mass, particularly preferably at most 0.6% by mass.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may contain a cyclic sulfonic acid ester.
- the cyclic sulfonic acid ester is not particularly limited, and any cyclic sulfonic acid ester can be used.
- Examples of cyclic sulfonic acid esters include saturated cyclic sulfonic acid esters, unsaturated cyclic sulfonic acid esters, saturated cyclic disulfonic acid esters, unsaturated cyclic disulfonic acid esters and the like.
- saturated cyclic sulfonic acid ester examples include 1,3-propane sultone, 1-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 2-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 3-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone 1-methyl-1,3-propanesultone, 2-methyl-1,3-propanesultone, 3-methyl-1,3-propanesultone, 1,3-butanesultone, 1,4-butanesultone, 1-fluoro-, 1,4-butane sultone, 2-fluoro-1,4-butane sultone, 3-fluoro-1,4-butane sultone, 4-fluoro-1,4-butane sultone, 1-methyl-1,4-butane sultone, 2-methyl- 1,4-butane sultone, 3-methyl-1,4-butane sultone, 4-methyl-1,4-butane sultone, 2,4-butan
- unsaturated cyclic sulfonic acid ester examples include 1-propene-1,3-sultone, 2-propene-1,3-sultone, 1-fluoro-1-propene-1,3-sultone, 2-fluoro- 1-propene-1,3-sultone, 3-fluoro-1-propene-1,3-sultone, 1-fluoro-2-propene-1,3-sultone, 2-fluoro-2-propene-1,3- Sultone, 3-fluoro-2-propene-1,3-sultone, 1-methyl-1-propene-1,3-sultone, 2-methyl-1-propene-1,3-sultone, 3-methyl-1- Propene-1,3-sultone, 1-methyl-2-propene-1,3-sultone, 2-methyl-2-propene-1,3-sultone, 3-methyl-2-propene-1,3-sultone, 1-butene-1, -Sultone, 2-butene-1,4-
- 1,3-propane sultone, 1-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 2-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 3-fluoro-1,3-propane sultone, 1-propene-1,3- Sultone is more preferably used in that it can contribute to the availability and formation of a stable film-like structure.
- the content of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester is not particularly limited and is optional as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but preferably 0.001% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less with respect to the electrolytic solution. is there.
- the content of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester is more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and more preferably 2.5% by mass or less More preferably, it is at most 2.0 mass%, particularly preferably at most 1.8 mass%.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may further contain polyethylene oxide having a weight average molecular weight of 2000 to 4000 and having -OH, -OCOOH or -COOH at the end.
- polyethylene oxide having a weight average molecular weight of 2000 to 4000 and having -OH, -OCOOH or -COOH at the end.
- polyethylene oxide monool, polyethylene oxide carboxylic acid, polyethylene oxide diol, polyethylene oxide dicarboxylic acid, polyethylene oxide triol, polyethylene oxide tricarboxylic acid etc. are mentioned, for example. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, a mixture of polyethylene oxide monool and polyethylene oxide diol, and a mixture of polyethylene carboxylic acid and polyethylene dicarboxylic acid are preferable in that the characteristics of the electrochemical device become better.
- the weight average molecular weight of the above-mentioned polyethylene oxide is too small, there is a possibility that it is easy to be oxidatively decomposed.
- the weight average molecular weight is more preferably 3,000 to 4,000.
- the said weight average molecular weight can be measured by polystyrene conversion by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method.
- the content of the polyethylene oxide is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / kg in the electrolytic solution. If the content of the polyethylene oxide is too high, the properties of the electrochemical device may be impaired.
- the content of the polyethylene oxide is more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol / kg or more.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may further contain unsaturated cyclic carbonate, an overcharge inhibitor, other known auxiliary agents and the like. Thereby, the deterioration of the characteristics of the electrochemical device can be suppressed.
- unsaturated cyclic carbonates examples include vinylene carbonates, ethylene carbonates substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond, phenyl carbonates, vinyl carbonates, allyl carbonates, And catechol carbonates.
- vinylene carbonates vinylene carbonate, methylvinylene carbonate, 4,5-dimethylvinylene carbonate, phenylvinylene carbonate, 4,5-diphenylvinylene carbonate, vinylvinylene carbonate, 4,5-divinylvinylene carbonate, allylvinylene carbonate, 4 , 5-diallylvinylene carbonate, 4-fluorovinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-methylvinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-phenylvinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-vinylvinylene carbonate, 4-allyl-5-fluoro Vinylene carbonate, ethynyl ethylene carbonate, propargyl ethylene carbonate, methyl vinylene carbonate, dimethyl vinylene carbonate, etc. It is below.
- ethylene carbonates substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond include vinyl ethylene carbonate, 4,5-divinyl ethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-5- Vinyl ethylene carbonate, 4-allyl-5-vinyl ethylene carbonate, ethynyl ethylene carbonate, 4,5-diethynyl ethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-5-ethynyl ethylene carbonate, 4-vinyl-5-ethynyl ethylene carbonate, 4-allyl -5-ethynyl ethylene carbonate, phenyl ethylene carbonate, 4,5-diphenyl ethylene carbonate, 4-phenyl-5-vinyl ethylene carbonate, 4-allyl-5-phenyl ethylene carbonate, allyl ethylene carbonate 4,5-Diallylethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-5-allylethylene carbonate, 4-methylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,5-dimethylene-1,3-(2-
- the molecular weight of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and is arbitrary unless the effects of the present invention are significantly impaired.
- the molecular weight is preferably 50 or more and 250 or less. Within this range, the solubility of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate in the electrolytic solution can be easily secured, and the effects of the present invention can be sufficiently exhibited.
- the molecular weight of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is more preferably 80 or more, and more preferably 150 or less.
- the method for producing the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and any known method can be selected for production.
- the unsaturated cyclic carbonates may be used alone or in any combination of two or more in any proportion.
- the content of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and is arbitrary unless the effects of the present invention are significantly impaired.
- the content of the unsaturated cyclic carbonate is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.1% by mass or more in 100% by mass of the solvent in the present invention.
- the content is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 4% by mass or less, and still more preferably 3% by mass or less.
- the unsaturated cyclic carbonate in addition to the non-fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate as described above, a fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate can also be suitably used.
- the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is a cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond and a fluorine atom.
- the number of fluorine atoms in the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited as long as it is 1 or more. Among them, the number of fluorine atoms is usually 6 or less, preferably 4 or less, and one or two are most preferable.
- fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate examples include fluorinated vinylene carbonate derivatives, fluorinated ethylene carbonate derivatives substituted with a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon double bond, and the like.
- fluorinated vinylene carbonate derivatives 4-fluorovinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-methylvinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-phenylvinylene carbonate, 4-allyl-5-fluorovinylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5- And vinyl vinylene carbonate and the like.
- fluorinated ethylene carbonate derivative substituted by a substituent having an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon double bond 4-fluoro-4-vinyl ethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4-allyl ethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5 -Vinyl ethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-allyl ethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-4-vinyl ethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-4-allyl ethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4-vinyl ethylene carbonate 4,5-Difluoro-4-allyl ethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4,5-divinyl ethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4,5-diallyl ethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4,5-divinyl ethylene carbonate , 4,5-Diful 4- 4, 5-diallyl ethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro 4-phenyl ethylene carbonate, 4- fluoro 5- phenyl ethylene carbonate, 4, 4-fluor
- the molecular weight of the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited and is arbitrary unless the effects of the present invention are significantly impaired.
- the molecular weight is preferably 50 or more and 500 or less. Within this range, it is easy to ensure the solubility of the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate in the electrolytic solution.
- the method for producing the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and any known method can be selected for production.
- the molecular weight is more preferably 100 or more, and more preferably 200 or less.
- the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonates may be used alone or in any combination of two or more in any proportion. Further, the content of the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and is optional unless the effects of the present invention are significantly impaired.
- the content of the fluorinated unsaturated cyclic carbonate is usually 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.2% by mass or more in 100% by mass of the electrolytic solution. Moreover, preferably it is 5 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 4 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 3 mass% or less. Within this range, an electrochemical device using an electrolytic solution is likely to exhibit a sufficient cycle characteristics improvement effect, and also the high temperature storage characteristics deteriorate, the gas generation amount increases, and the discharge capacity retention rate decreases. It is easy to avoid such situations.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may contain a compound having a triple bond.
- the type is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having one or more triple bonds in the molecule.
- Specific examples of the compound having a triple bond include, for example, the following compounds.
- Phosphoric acid (methyl) (2-propenyl) (2-propynyl), phosphoric acid (ethyl) (2-propenyl) (2-propynyl), phosphoric acid (2-butenyl) (methyl) (methyl) (2-propynyl), phosphoric acid (2-butenyl) (ethyl) (2-propynyl), phosphoric acid (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) (methyl) (2-propenyl), phosphoric acid (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) ( Ethyl) (2-propenyl), phosphoric acid (2-butenyl) (1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) (methyl), and phosphoric acid (2-butenyl) (ethyl) (1,1-dimethyl-2-) Phosphate esters such as propynyl).
- compounds having an alkynyloxy group are preferable because they form a negative electrode film more stably in the electrolytic solution.
- 2- Compounds such as propynyl, di-2-propynyl oxalate and the like are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of improving the storage characteristics.
- the compounds having a triple bond may be used alone or in any combination of two or more in any proportion.
- the compounding amount of the compound having a triple bond with respect to the entire electrolytic solution of the present invention is not limited, and is optional unless the effects of the present invention are significantly impaired, but generally 0.01% by mass or more with respect to the electrolytic solution of the present invention Preferably, it is contained at a concentration of 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 5% by mass or less, preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- effects such as output characteristics, load characteristics, cycle characteristics, high temperature storage characteristics and the like are further improved.
- an overcharge preventing agent can be used to effectively suppress the battery from bursting / ignition when the electrochemical device using the electrolytic solution becomes overcharged or the like.
- a non-substituted or alkyl-substituted terphenyl derivative such as biphenyl, o-terphenyl, m-terphenyl, p-terphenyl, etc.
- a non-substituted or alkyl-substituted terphenyl derivative Partial hydrides of cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, diphenylether, dibenzofuran, diphenylcyclohexane, 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindane, cyclopentylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, cumene, 1,3- Aromatic compounds such as diisopropylbenzene, 1,4-diisopropylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, t-hexylbenzene, ani
- aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl, terphenyl, partially hydrogenated terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, diphenylether, dibenzofuran, etc., diphenylcyclohexane, 1,1,3-trimethyl -3-phenylindane, 3-propylphenylacetate, 2-ethylphenylacetate, benzylphenylacetate, methylphenylacetate, benzylacetate, diphenyl carbonate, methylphenyl carbonate and the like are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a combination of cyclohexylbenzene and t-butylbenzene or t-amylbenzene biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl, terphenyl, a partially hydrogenated terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene,
- the combined use of at least one selected from oxygen-free aromatic compounds such as t-amyl benzene and at least one selected from oxygen-containing aromatic compounds such as diphenyl ether and dibenzofuran is an overcharge preventing property and high temperature storage characteristics It is preferable from the point of balance of
- a carboxylic acid anhydride (except for the compound (2)) may be used in the electrolytic solution used in the present invention.
- the compound represented by following General formula (6) is preferable.
- the method for producing the carboxylic acid anhydride is not particularly limited, and any known method can be selected for production.
- each of R 61 and R 62 independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- R 61 and R 62 is not particularly limited as long as it is a monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- it may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or it may be a combination of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a saturated hydrocarbon group and may contain an unsaturated bond (carbon-carbon double bond or carbon-carbon triple bond).
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be linear or cyclic, and in the case of linear, it may be linear or branched. Furthermore, the chain and cyclic groups may be combined.
- R 61 and R 62 may be identical to or different from each other.
- the type of the substituent is not particularly limited unless it is contrary to the spirit of the present invention, and examples thereof include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom And a halogen atom such as iodine atom, preferably a fluorine atom.
- a substituent other than a rogen atom a substituent having a functional group such as an ester group, a cyano group, a carbonyl group, an ether group and the like can also be mentioned, and preferably a cyano group or a carbonyl group.
- the hydrocarbon group of R 61 and R 62 may have only one of these substituents, or may have two or more of these substituents. When they have two or more substituents, those substituents may be the same or may be different from each other.
- the carbon number of each of the hydrocarbon groups of R 61 and R 62 is usually 1 or more, and usually 15 or less, preferably 12 or less, more preferably 10 or less, still more preferably 9 or less.
- the carbon number of the bivalent hydrocarbon group is usually 1 or more, and usually 15 or less, preferably It is 13 or less, more preferably 10 or less, still more preferably 8 or less.
- the hydrocarbon group of R 61 and R 62 has a substituent containing a carbon atom, it is preferable that the total number of carbon atoms of R 61 and R 62 including the substituent satisfy the above range.
- analog refers to an acid anhydride obtained by replacing a part of the structure of the exemplified acid anhydride with another structure without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- Specific examples of the acid anhydride in which R 61 and R 62 are a linear alkyl group include acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butanoic acid anhydride, 2-methylpropionic acid anhydride, and 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid anhydride , 2-methylbutanoic anhydride, 3-methylbutanoic anhydride, 2,2-dimethylbutanoic anhydride, 2,3-dimethylbutanoic anhydride, 3,3-dimethylbutanoic anhydride, 2,2, 3-trimethylbutanoic acid anhydride, 2,3,3-trimethylbutanoic acid anhydride, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutanoic acid anhydride, 2-ethylbutanoic acid anhydride, etc., and analogs thereof It can be mentioned.
- R 61 and R 62 are cyclic alkyl groups
- R 61 and R 62 are cyclic alkyl groups
- acid anhydrides wherein R 61 and R 62 are cyclic alkyl groups include cyclopropane carboxylic acid anhydride, cyclopentane carboxylic acid anhydride, cyclohexane carboxylic acid anhydride, etc., and analogs thereof, etc. .
- R 61 and R 62 are an alkenyl group
- acrylic acid anhydride 2-methyl acrylic acid anhydride, 3-methyl acrylic acid anhydride, 2,3-dimethyl acrylic acid anhydride, 3,3-Dimethylacrylic anhydride, 2,3,3-trimethylacrylic anhydride, 2-phenylacrylic anhydride, 3-phenylacrylic anhydride, 2,3-diphenylacrylic anhydride, 3, 3-diphenylacrylic anhydride, 3-butenoic anhydride, 2-methyl-3-butenoic anhydride, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butenoic anhydride, 3-methyl-3-tenoic anhydride, 2-Methyl-3-methyl-3-butenoic anhydride, 2,2-dimethyl-3-methyl-3-butenoic anhydride, 3-pentenoic anhydride, 4-pentenoic anhydride, 2-cyclopentene carboxylic acid Acid anhydride , 3-cyclopentene carboxylic acid anhydride,
- R 61 and R 62 are an alkynyl group
- Specific examples of the acid anhydride wherein R 61 and R 62 are an alkynyl group include propynic acid anhydride, 3-phenylpropynic acid anhydride, 2-butyric acid anhydride, 2-pentynic acid anhydride, 3-butyric acid Anhydrides, 3-pentynic acid anhydride, 4-pentynic acid anhydride and the like, and analogs thereof and the like can be mentioned.
- R 61 and R 62 are aryl groups
- benzoic acid anhydride 4-methylbenzoic acid anhydride, 4-ethylbenzoic acid anhydride, 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid anhydride
- examples thereof include 2-methylbenzoic acid anhydride, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid anhydride, 1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid anhydride, 2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid anhydride and the like, and analogs thereof.
- R 61, R 62 are substituted with halogen atoms
- halogen atoms mainly cited example has been anhydride substituted with a fluorine atom are set forth below, some or all of these fluorine atoms
- An acid anhydride obtained by substitution to a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom is also included in the exemplified compounds.
- Examples of acid anhydrides in which R 61 and R 62 are a linear alkyl group substituted with a halogen atom include fluoroacetic acid anhydride, difluoroacetic acid anhydride, trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, 2-fluoropropionic acid anhydride, 2,2-difluoropropionic anhydride, 2,3-difluoropropionic anhydride, 2,2,3-trifluoropropionic anhydride, 2,3,3-trifluoropropionic anhydride, 2,2,3, 3,3-tetrapropionic anhydride, 2,3,3,3-tetrapropionic anhydride, 3-fluoropropionic anhydride, 3,3-difluoropropionic anhydride, 3,3,3-trifluoro Examples thereof include propionic acid anhydride, perfluoropropionic acid anhydride, and the like, and analogs thereof.
- 2-fluorocyclopentanecarboxylic acid anhydride 3-fluorocyclopentanecarboxylic acid anhydride, 4-fluorocyclopentane as an example of the acid anhydride which is a cyclic alkyl group in which R 61 and R 62 are substituted by a halogen atom Examples thereof include carboxylic acid anhydrides and the like and analogs thereof.
- Examples of the acid anhydride which is an alkenyl group in which R 61 and R 62 are substituted by a halogen atom include 2-fluoroacrylic anhydride, 3-fluoroacrylic anhydride, 2,3-difluoroacrylic anhydride, 3,3-Difluoroacrylic anhydride, 2,3,3-trifluoroacrylic anhydride, 2- (trifluoromethyl) acrylic anhydride, 3- (trifluoromethyl) acrylic anhydride, 2,3 -Bis (trifluoromethyl) acrylic anhydride, 2,3,3-tris (trifluoromethyl) acrylic anhydride, 2- (4-fluorophenyl) acrylic anhydride, 3- (4-fluorophenyl) Acrylic anhydride, 2,3-bis (4-fluorophenyl) acrylic anhydride, 3,3-bis (4-fluorophenyl) acrylic anhydride, 2-fluoro 3-butenoic anhydride, 2,2-difluoro-3-butenoic anhydr
- the acid anhydride which is an alkynyl group in which R 61 and R 62 are substituted by a halogen atom
- 3-fluoro-2-propanoic acid anhydride 3- (4-fluorophenyl) -2-propynic acid anhydride
- 3- (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) -2-propanoic acid anhydride 4-fluoro-2-butyric acid anhydride, 4,4-difluoro-2-butyric acid anhydride, And 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butyric anhydride and the like, and analogs thereof.
- Examples of the acid anhydride which is an aryl group in which R 61 and R 62 are substituted by a halogen atom include 4-fluorobenzoic acid anhydride, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoic acid anhydride, 4 And-trifluoromethylbenzoic anhydride and the like, and analogs thereof and the like.
- Examples of the acid anhydride having a substituent having a functional group such as ester, nitrile, ketone or ether as R 61 and R 62 are methoxyformic anhydride, ethoxyformic anhydride, methyl oxalic acid anhydride, Ethyl oxalic acid anhydride, 2-cyanoacetic acid anhydride, 2-oxopropionic acid anhydride, 3-oxobutanoic acid anhydride, 4-acetylbenzoic acid anhydride, methoxyacetic acid anhydride, 4-methoxybenzoic acid anhydride, etc. And their analogs.
- Examples of combinations of linear alkyl groups include acetic propionic acid anhydride, acetic acid butanoic acid anhydride, butanoic acid propionic acid anhydride, acetic acid 2-methyl propionic acid anhydride, and the like.
- Examples of the combination of a linear alkyl group and a cyclic alkyl group include acetic acid cyclopentanic acid anhydride, acetic acid cyclohexanic acid anhydride, cyclopentanic acid propionic acid anhydride, and the like.
- Examples of the combination of a linear alkyl group and an alkenyl group include acetic acid acrylic anhydride, acetic acid 3-methylacrylic acid anhydride, acetic acid 3-butenoic acid anhydride, acrylic acid propionic acid anhydride, and the like.
- Examples of the combination of a linear alkyl group and an alkynyl group are: acetic anhydride propynic acid anhydride, acetic acid 2-butyric acid anhydride, acetic acid 3-butyric acid anhydride, acetic acid 3-phenylpropynic acid propionic acid propionic acid anhydride , Etc.
- Examples of the combination of a linear alkyl group and an aryl group include acetic acid benzoic acid anhydride, acetic acid 4-methylbenzoic acid anhydride, acetic acid 1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid anhydride, benzoic acid propionic acid anhydride, and the like.
- Examples of the combination of a linear alkyl group and a hydrocarbon group having a functional group are: acetic anhydride, acetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, acetic anhydride, 4-fluorobenzoic anhydride, fluoroacetic propionic anhydride, alkyl acetate Examples thereof include oxalic acid anhydride, acetic acid 2-cyanoacetic acid anhydride, acetic acid 2-oxopropionic acid anhydride, acetic acid methoxyacetic acid anhydride, methoxyacetic acid propionic acid anhydride and the like.
- Examples of combinations of cyclic alkyl groups include cyclopentanoic acid cyclohexane anhydride and the like.
- Examples of the combination of a cyclic alkyl group and an alkenyl group include acrylic acid cyclopentanic acid anhydride, 3-methylacrylic acid cyclopentanic acid anhydride, 3-butenoic acid cyclopentanic acid anhydride, acrylic acid cyclohexaneic acid anhydride, etc. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the combination of a cyclic alkyl group and an alkynyl group include propynoic acid cyclopentanic acid anhydride, 2-butyric acid cyclopentanic acid anhydride, propynoic acid cyclohexane acid anhydride, and the like.
- Examples of the combination of a cyclic alkyl group and an aryl group include benzoic acid cyclopentanic acid anhydride, 4-methylbenzoic acid cyclopentanic acid anhydride, benzoic acid cyclohexanic acid anhydride, and the like.
- Examples of combinations of cyclic alkyl groups and hydrocarbon groups having a functional group include fluoroacetic acid cyclopentanic acid anhydride, cyclopentanic acid trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, cyclopentanic acid 2-cyanoacetic acid anhydride, cyclopentanic acid methoxyacetic acid Anhydrides, cyclohexane acid fluoroacetic acid anhydride, etc. are mentioned.
- alkenyl groups acrylic acid 2-methylacrylic anhydride, acrylic acid 3-methylacrylic anhydride, acrylic acid 3-butenoic anhydride, 2-methylacrylic acid 3-methylacrylic anhydride Things, etc.
- Examples of the combination of the alkenyl group and the alkynyl group include acrylic acid propynic acid anhydride, acrylic acid 2-butyric acid anhydride, 2-methyl acrylic acid propynic acid anhydride and the like.
- Examples of the combination of the alkenyl group and the aryl group include acrylic acid benzoic acid anhydride, acrylic acid 4-methylbenzoic acid anhydride, 2-methyl acrylic acid benzoic acid anhydride, and the like.
- alkenyl group and hydrocarbon group having a functional group examples include acrylic acid fluoroacetic acid anhydride, acrylic acid trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, acrylic acid 2-cyanoacetic acid anhydride, acrylic acid methoxyacetic acid anhydride, 2- Methyl acrylic acid fluoro acetic acid anhydride etc. are mentioned.
- Examples of combinations of alkynyl groups include propyric acid 2-butyric acid anhydride, propyric acid 3-butyric acid anhydride, 2-butyric acid 3-butyric acid anhydride, and the like.
- Examples of the combination of an alkynyl group and an aryl group include propyric anhydride benzoic acid, propyric anhydride 4-methylbenzoic acid, 2-butyric anhydride benzoic acid, and the like.
- Examples of the combination of an alkynyl group and a hydrocarbon group having a functional group include propynoic acid fluoroacetic acid anhydride, propynoic acid trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, propynoic acid 2-cyanoacetic acid anhydride, propymic acid methoxyacetic acid anhydride, 2- Butyric acid fluoroacetic acid anhydride and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of combinations of aryl groups include benzoic acid 4-methylbenzoic acid anhydride, benzoic acid 1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid anhydride, 4-methylbenzoic acid 1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid anhydride, and the like.
- Examples of the combination of an aryl group and a hydrocarbon group having a functional group include benzoic acid fluoroacetic acid anhydride, benzoic acid trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, benzoic acid 2-cyanoacetic acid anhydride, benzoic acid methoxyacetic acid anhydride, 4- Methylbenzoic acid fluoroacetic acid anhydride and the like can be mentioned.
- hydrocarbon groups having a functional group examples include fluoroacetic acid trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, fluoroacetic acid 2-cyanoacetic acid anhydride, fluoroacetic acid methoxyacetic acid anhydride, trifluoroacetic acid 2-cyanoacetic acid anhydride, etc. Can be mentioned.
- acetic anhydride preferred are acetic anhydride, propionic acid anhydride, 2-methylpropionic acid anhydride, cyclopentanecarboxylic acid anhydride, cyclohexane carboxylic acid anhydride, etc., acrylic acid Anhydride, 2-methylacrylic anhydride, 3-methylacrylic anhydride, 2,3-dimethylacrylic anhydride, 3, 3-dimethylacrylic anhydride, 3-butenoic anhydride, 2-methyl- 3-butenoic acid anhydride, propynic acid anhydride, 2-butyric acid anhydride, benzoic acid anhydride, 2-methylbenzoic acid anhydride, 4-methylbenzoic acid anhydride, 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid anhydride, Trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, 3,3,3-trifluoropropionic acid anhydride, 2- (trifluoromethyl) acrylic acid anhydride, 2- (4-fluorophenyl) acrylic acid Water
- These compounds can improve the charge / discharge rate characteristics, the input / output characteristics, and the impedance characteristics after the durability test, in particular, by forming a bond with a lithium oxalate salt appropriately to form a film excellent in durability. It is preferable from the viewpoint of
- the molecular weight of the carboxylic acid anhydride is not limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but is usually 90 or more, preferably 95 or more, and 300 or less, preferably 200 or less. is there.
- the molecular weight of the carboxylic acid anhydride is in the above range, the increase in viscosity of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed, and the film density can be optimized, so that the durability can be appropriately improved.
- the carboxylic acid anhydride described above may contain any one type alone in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention, or two or more types in any combination and ratio.
- the content of the above-mentioned carboxylic anhydride with respect to the electrolytic solution of the present invention is optional as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. It is desirable to contain at a concentration of% or more, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and usually 5% by mass or less, preferably 3% by mass or less.
- the content of the carboxylic acid anhydride is in the above range, the effect of improving the cycle characteristics is easily exhibited, and since the reactivity is suitable, the battery characteristics are easily improved.
- auxiliary agents can be used in the electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- Other auxiliary agents include carbonate compounds such as erythritan carbonate, spiro-bis-dimethylene carbonate, methoxyethyl-methyl carbonate and the like; 2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] undecane, 3,9 Spiro compounds such as divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] undecane; ethylene sulfite, methyl fluorosulfonate, ethyl fluorosulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, busulfan , Sulfolene, ethylene sulfate, vinylene sulfate, diphenyl sulfone, N, N-dimethyl methane sulfonamide, N, N-diethyl methane sulfonamide, acetamide, N-
- phosphorus-containing compounds are preferable, and tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphate is preferable.
- the amount of the other auxiliary agent is not particularly limited, and is optional unless the effects of the present invention are significantly impaired.
- the other auxiliary agent is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less in 100% by mass of the electrolytic solution. Within this range, the effects of the other auxiliary agents can be sufficiently exhibited, and situations in which battery characteristics such as high load discharge characteristics are degraded can be easily avoided.
- the compounding amount of the other auxiliary agent is more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and more preferably 3% by mass or less, still more preferably 1% by mass or less .
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention is a cyclic and linear carboxylic acid ester, an ether compound, a nitrogen-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, an organic silicon-containing compound, an incombustible (flame retardant) agent, an interface, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Activators, high dielectric additives, cycle characteristics and rate characteristics improvers, sulfone compounds and the like may further be contained as additives.
- Examples of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester include those having 3 to 12 carbon atoms in total in the structural formula. Specific examples thereof include gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, gamma-caprolactone, epsilon-caprolactone, 3-methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone and the like. Among them, gamma-butyrolactone is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of the improvement of the characteristics of the electrochemical device derived from the improvement of the lithium ion dissociation degree.
- the compounding amount of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester as the additive is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 1% by mass or more, in 100% by mass of the solvent. Within this range, the electrical conductivity of the electrolytic solution can be improved, and the large current discharge characteristics of the electrochemical device can be easily improved. Moreover, the compounding quantity of cyclic carboxylic acid ester becomes like this. Preferably it is 10 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 5 mass% or less. By setting the upper limit in this way, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution is made into an appropriate range, the decrease of the electric conductivity is avoided, the increase of the negative electrode resistance is suppressed, and the large current discharge characteristics of the electrochemical device is made into a good range. Make it easy.
- fluorinated cyclic carboxylic acid ester (fluorine-containing lactone) can also be used suitably.
- fluorine-containing lactone for example, the following formula (C):
- X 15 to X 20 are the same or different, and each is —H, —F, —Cl, —CH 3 or a fluorinated alkyl group; provided that at least one of X 15 to X 20 is a fluorinated alkyl group Is the group)
- fluorine-containing lactones represented by
- fluorinated alkyl group in X 15 to X 20 for example, -CFH 2 , -CF 2 H, -CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CF 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , -CF (CF 3 ) 2 and the like, and from the viewpoint of high oxidation resistance and safety improving effect, —CH 2 CF 3 and —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 are preferable.
- X 15 to X 20 is a fluorinated alkyl group
- -H, -F, -Cl, -CH 3 or a fluorinated alkyl group is substituted at only one position of X 15 to X 20 and It may be replaced with a plurality of places.
- it is preferably one to three, and more preferably one to two.
- X 17 and / or X 18 is, in particular X 17 or X 18 is a fluorinated alkyl group, inter alia -CH 2 CF 3 And —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 is preferable.
- X 15 to X 20 other than the fluorinated alkyl group are —H, —F, —Cl or CH 3 , and in particular, —H is preferable from the viewpoint of good solubility of the electrolyte salt.
- a and B each represent one of CX 226 X 227 (wherein X 226 and X 227 are the same or different, and each represents -H, -F, -Cl, -CF 3 , -CH 3 or a hydrogen atom
- R f 12 is a fluorinated alkyl group which may have an ether bond or fluorinated Alkoxy groups
- X 221 and X 222 are the same or different, and all are -H, -F, -Cl, -CF 3 or CH 3
- X 223 to X 225 are the same or different, all are -H, -F , -Cl or an alkyl group whose hydrogen atom may be substituted with a halogen atom and may contain a hetero atom in the chain;
- n 0 or 1
- the five-membered ring structure represented by is preferably exemplified from the viewpoint of easy synthesis and good chemical stability, and further, by the combination of A and B, the following formula (F):
- linear carboxylic acid ester examples include those having 3 to 7 carbon atoms in total in the structural formula. Specifically, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, t-butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, n-propyl propionate, Isobutyl propionate, n-butyl propionate, methyl butyrate, isobutyl propionate, t-butyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, n-propyl butyrate, isopropyl butyrate, methyl isobutyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, isobutyrate Butyric acid-n-propyl, isopropyl isobutyrate and the like can be mentioned.
- the ether compound is preferably a C2-C10 linear ether and a C3-C6 cyclic ether.
- the linear ether having 2 to 10 carbons includes dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, dimethoxymethane, methoxyethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dimethoxyethane, methoxyethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, ethylene glycol di-n And -propyl ether, ethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, pentaethylene glycol, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and the like.
- a fluorinated ether can also be used suitably.
- fluorinated ether the following general formula (I): Rf 3 -O-Rf 4 (I) (Wherein, R f 3 and R f 4 are the same or different and are an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a fluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of R f 3 and R f 4 is fluorine Alkylated groups)
- fluorinated ethers (I) represented by By containing the fluorinated ether (I), the flame retardancy of the electrolytic solution is improved, and the stability at high temperature and high voltage and the safety are improved.
- At least one of Rf 3 and Rf 4 may be a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, but the flame retardancy of the electrolytic solution, stability at high temperature and high voltage, safety From the viewpoint of further improving the properties, it is preferable that both Rf 3 and Rf 4 be a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In this case, Rf 3 and Rf 4 may be the same or may be different from each other.
- Rf 3 and Rf 4 are the same or different, and Rf 3 is a fluorinated alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and Rf 4 is a fluorinated alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms More preferable.
- the fluorinated ether (I) preferably has a fluorine content of 40 to 75% by mass. When it has a fluorine content in this range, the balance between incombustibility and compatibility becomes particularly excellent. Moreover, it is preferable also from the point whose oxidation resistance and safety are favorable.
- the lower limit of the fluorine content is more preferably 45% by mass, further preferably 50% by mass, and particularly preferably 55% by mass.
- the upper limit is more preferably 70% by mass, and still more preferably 66% by mass.
- the fluorine content of the fluorinated ether (I) is ⁇ (number of fluorine atoms ⁇ 19) / molecular weight of fluorinated ether (I) ⁇ ⁇ 100 (%) based on the structural formula of fluorinated ether (I) It is a value calculated by
- the Rf 3 for example, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 - , CF 3 CFHCF 2 -, HCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, CF 3 CFHCF 2 CH 2- , HCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2- , HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2- , HCF 2 CF (CF 3 ) CH 2- and the like.
- Rf 4 for example, -CH 2 CF 2 CF 3, -CF 2 CFHCF 3, -CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, -CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, -CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 2 CFHCF 3 , -CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, -CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, -CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, -CH 2 CF (CF 3 )
- Examples include CF 2 H, -CF 2 CF 2 H, -CH 2 CF 2 H, -CF 2 CH 3 and the like.
- fluorinated ether (I) for example HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3 , C 6 F 13 OCH 3 , C 6 F 13 OC 2 H 5 , C 8 F 17 OCH 3 , C 8 F 17 OC 2 H 5 , CF 3 CFHCF 2 CH (CH 3 ) OCF 2 CFHCF 3 , HCF 2 CF 2 OCH (C 2 H 5 ) 2 , HCF 2 CF 2 OC 4 H 9 , HCF 2 CF 2 OCH 2 CH (C 2 H 5 ) 2 , HCF 2 CF 2 OCH 2 CH (CH 3 ) 2 and the like.
- fluorinated ether (I) having a high boiling point can be provided.
- the boiling point of the fluorinated ether (I) is preferably 67 to 120 ° C.
- the temperature is more preferably 80 ° C. or more, still more preferably 90 ° C. or more.
- HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3 (boiling point 106 ° C.), CF 3 CF 2 CH, which is advantageous in that it has high boiling point, compatibility with other solvents and good solubility of electrolyte salt.
- Examples of cyclic ethers having 3 to 6 carbon atoms include 1,2-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, and meta.
- dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, ethoxymethoxymethane, ethylene glycol-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and crown ether have high ability to solvate lithium ion, and the degree of ion dissociation Preferred from the viewpoint of improvement, and particularly preferred are dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane and ethoxymethoxymethane because they have low viscosity and give high ion conductivity.
- nitrogen-containing compound examples include nitriles, fluorine-containing nitriles, carboxylic acid amides, fluorine-containing carboxylic acid amides, sulfonic acid amides, fluorine-containing sulfonic acid amides, acetamide, formamide and the like.
- 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-piperidone, 3-methyl-2-oxaziridinone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and N-methylsuccinimide can also be used.
- the nitrile compounds represented by the above general formulas (1a), (1b) and (1c) are not included in the above nitrogen-containing compound.
- boron-containing compound examples include borate esters such as trimethyl borate and triethyl borate, borate ethers, and alkyl borates.
- organic silicon-containing compound examples include (CH 3 ) 4 -Si, (CH 3 ) 3 -Si-Si (CH 3 ) 3 , silicone oil and the like.
- non-combustible (flame-retardant) agent examples include phosphoric acid esters and phosphazene compounds.
- phosphoric acid ester examples include fluorine-containing alkyl phosphoric acid esters, non-fluorinated alkyl phosphoric acid esters, and aryl phosphoric acid esters. Among them, fluorine-containing alkyl phosphates are preferable in that they can exhibit the non-combustible effect in a small amount.
- Examples of the phosphazene-based compounds include methoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, phenoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, dimethylaminopentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, diethylaminopentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, ethoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, and ethoxyheptafluorocyclotetraphosphazene. Can be mentioned.
- fluorine-containing alkyl phosphoric acid ester examples include fluorine-containing dialkyl phosphoric acid esters described in JP-A-11-233141, and cyclic alkyl phosphoric acid esters described in JP-A-11-283669. And / or fluorine-containing trialkyl phosphate esters and the like.
- the surfactant may be any of a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant, but from the viewpoint of favorable cycle characteristics and rate characteristics, a fluorine atom. Is preferable.
- Examples of such a surfactant containing a fluorine atom include the following formula (30): Rf 5 COO - M + (30) (Wherein R f 5 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group which may contain an ether bond of 3 to 10 carbon atoms; M + is Li + , Na + , K + or NHR ′ 3 + (R ′ is the same or different) , All are H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms)) Or a fluorinated carboxylic acid salt represented by the following formula (40): Rf 6 SO 3 - M + (40) (Wherein, Rf 6 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group which may contain an ether bond of 3 to 10 carbon atoms; M + is Li + , Na + , K + or NHR ′ 3 + (R ′ is the same or different) , All are H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms))
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.01 to 2% by mass in the electrolytic solution, from the viewpoint of being able to reduce the surface tension of the electrolytic solution without deteriorating the charge-discharge cycle characteristics.
- high dielectric additives examples include sulfolane, methylsulfolane, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and the like.
- cycle characteristics and rate characteristics improver examples include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and the like.
- electrolytic solution of the present invention may be further combined with a polymer material to form a gel (plasticized) gel electrolytic solution.
- polymer materials conventionally known polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, modified products thereof (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 8-222270 and 2002-100405); polyacrylate polymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride and the like And fluorine resins such as vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (JP-A-4-506726, JP-A-8-507407, JP-A-10-294131); those fluororesins and hydrocarbon-based resins Composites with resins (JP-A-11-35765, JP-A-11-86630) and the like can be mentioned.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may also contain the ion conductive compound described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-301934.
- This ion conductive compound has the formula (101): A- (D) -B (101) [Wherein, D is the formula (201): -(D1) n- (FAE) m- (AE) p- (Y) q- (201) (Wherein, D1 is the formula (2a):
- R f is a fluorine-containing ether group which may have a crosslinkable functional group; R 10 is a group or a bond which connects R f to the main chain
- An ether unit having a fluorinated ether group in the side chain represented by The FAE is represented by the formula (2b):
- Rfa is a hydrogen atom, a fluorinated alkyl group which may have a crosslinkable functional group; R 11 is a group or a bond which connects Rfa to the main chain
- An ether unit having a fluorinated alkyl group in the side chain represented by AE is the equation (2c):
- R 13 has a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a crosslinkable functional group, an aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a crosslinkable functional group, or a crosslinkable functional group Aromatic hydrocarbon group which may be substituted; R 12 is a group or a bond which connects R 13 to the main chain)
- Ether unit indicated by Y is any of the formulas (2d-1) to (2d-3):
- a and B are the same or different, and are a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom and / or an alkyl group which may contain a crosslinkable functional group, a fluorine atom and / or a phenyl group which may contain a crosslinkable functional group, -COOH Group, -OR (R is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom and / or an alkyl group which may contain a crosslinkable functional group), an ester group or a carbonate group (provided that the terminal of D is an oxygen atom, -COOH group, -OR, not ester group and carbonate group)] It is an a
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may contain a sulfone-based compound.
- a sulfone-based compound a cyclic sulfone having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and a chain sulfone having 2 to 6 carbon atoms are preferable.
- the number of sulfonyl groups in one molecule is preferably 1 or 2.
- cyclic sulfones include monosulfone compounds such as trimethylenesulfones, tetramethylenesulfones, hexamethylenesulfones, disulfone compounds such as trimethylenedisulfones, tetramethylenedisulfones, and hexamethylenedisulfones.
- monosulfone compounds such as trimethylenesulfones, tetramethylenesulfones, hexamethylenesulfones, disulfone compounds such as trimethylenedisulfones, tetramethylenedisulfones, and hexamethylenedisulfones.
- tetramethylene sulfones, tetramethylene disulfones, hexamethylene sulfones and hexamethylene disulfones are more preferable, and tetramethylene sulfones (sulfolanes) are particularly preferable, from the
- the sulfolanes are preferably sulfolanes and / or sulfolane derivatives (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “sulfolanes” including sulfolanes).
- sulfolanes sulfolanes
- the sulfolane derivative one in which at least one hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom constituting a sulfolane ring is substituted with a fluorine atom or an alkyl group is preferable.
- the content of the sulfone-based compound is not particularly limited and is arbitrary unless the effects of the present invention are significantly impaired. However, the content is generally 0.3% by volume or more, preferably 0.5% by volume or more in 100% by volume of the solvent And more preferably 1% by volume or more, and usually 40% by volume or less, preferably 35% by volume or less, and more preferably 30% by volume or less. If the content of the sulfone-based compound is within the above range, the effect of improving the durability such as cycle characteristics and storage characteristics can be easily obtained, and the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution can be made into an appropriate range to lower the electrical conductivity. Can be avoided, and the input / output characteristics and charge / discharge rate characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery can be made in an appropriate range.
- additives may be added to the electrolytic solution of the present invention as required.
- examples of other additives include metal oxides and glasses.
- the content of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in the electrolytic solution of the present invention is preferably 5 to 200 ppm.
- HF hydrogen fluoride
- film formation of the above-mentioned additive can be promoted.
- the content of HF is too low, the film forming ability on the negative electrode tends to be reduced, and the characteristics of the electrochemical device tend to be deteriorated.
- the HF content is too high, the oxidation resistance of the electrolytic solution tends to decrease due to the influence of HF.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention does not lower the high temperature storability recovery capacity rate of the electrochemical device even if it contains HF in the above range.
- content of HF 10 ppm or more is more preferable, and 20 ppm or more is still more preferable.
- the content of HF is also preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably 80 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 50 ppm or less.
- the content of HF can be measured by neutralization titration.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention may be prepared by any method using the components described above.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention is an electrolytic solution used for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the present invention is also a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is low in resistance and excellent in cycle characteristics.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the above-mentioned electrolyte.
- the positive electrode is composed of a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material and a current collector.
- the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can electrochemically store and release lithium ions, but, for example, a lithium-containing transition metal complex oxide, a lithium-containing transition metal phosphate compound, a sulfide, a conductive material Polymers and the like.
- a lithium-containing transition metal complex oxide and a lithium-containing transition metal phosphate compound are preferable, and in particular, a lithium-containing transition metal complex oxide that produces high voltage is preferable.
- transition metal of the lithium-containing transition metal complex oxide V, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, etc. are preferable.
- lithium cobalt complex oxide such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 etc.
- Lithium-manganese complex oxides such as LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , Li 2 MnO 4 and the like, and a part of the transition metal atoms as the main component of these lithium transition metal complex oxides, Na, Substitution with other elements such as K, B, F, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Li, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ga, Zr, Si, Nb, Mo, Sn, W, etc.
- LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2, LiNi 0.85 Co 0.10 Al 0.05 O 2, LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2, LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2, LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2, LiNi 0.45 Co 0.10 Al 0.45 O 2, LiMn 1. 8 Al 0.2 O 4 , LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 and the like can be mentioned.
- lithium-containing transition metal complex oxide LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 , LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 , which have high energy density even at high voltage. LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 is preferred.
- transition metal of the lithium-containing transition metal phosphate compound V, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and the like are preferable, and as a specific example, for example, LiFePO 4 , Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , iron phosphates such as LiFeP 2 O 7 , cobalt phosphates such as LiCoPO 4 , and a part of transition metal atoms which become main components of these lithium transition metal phosphate compounds Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn What is substituted by other elements, such as Fe, Co, Li, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ga, Zr, Nb, Si, etc. are mentioned.
- lithium-containing transition metal composite oxide examples include Formula: Li a Mn 2-b M 1 b O 4 (wherein, 0.9 ⁇ a; 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.5; M 1 is Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, Cr, Lithium-manganese spinel composite oxide represented by at least one metal selected from the group consisting of V, Ti, Mg, Ca, Sr, B, Ga, In, Si and Ge) Formula: LiNi 1-c M 2 c O 2 (wherein, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.5; M 2 is Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, Cr, V, Ti, Mg, Ca, A lithium-nickel complex oxide represented by at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Sr, B, Ga, In, Si and Ge, or Formula: LiCo 1-d M 3 d O 2 (wherein 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.5; M 3 is Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn,
- LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 is preferred.
- LiFePO 4 LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2, Li 1.2 Fe 0.4 Mn 0.4 O 2, LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2, LiV 3 O 6 etc. may be mentioned.
- a compound having a two-dimensional layered structure such as TiS 2 or MoS 2 or a strong compound represented by the general formula Me x Mo 6 S 8 (Me is various transition metals including Pb, Ag, Cu) And Schbrel compounds having a three-dimensional framework structure.
- Me x Mo 6 S 8 Me is various transition metals including Pb, Ag, Cu
- Schbrel compounds having a three-dimensional framework structure a compound having a two-dimensional layered structure
- Me x Mo 6 S 8 Me is various transition metals including Pb, Ag, Cu
- Schbrel compounds having a three-dimensional framework structure such as LiS x and the like.
- Examples of the conductive polymer include p-doped conductive polymers and n-doped conductive polymers.
- Examples of the conductive polymer include polyacetylene-based, polyphenylene-based, heterocyclic polymers, ionic polymers, ladders and network polymers.
- lithium phosphate in the positive electrode active material because continuous charge characteristics are improved.
- the lower limit of the amount of lithium phosphate used is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.3% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.5% by mass, based on the total of the positive electrode active material and lithium phosphate. %, And the upper limit is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less, and still more preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the substance of the composition different from this adhered on the surface of the said positive electrode active material As surface adhesion substances, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, boron oxide, antimony oxide, oxides such as bismuth oxide, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate And sulfates such as aluminum sulfate, carbonates such as lithium carbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, and carbon.
- surface adhesion substances aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, boron oxide, antimony oxide, oxides such as bismuth oxide, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate And sulfates such as aluminum sulfate, carbonates such as lithium carbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, and carbon.
- surface adhesion substances are, for example, dissolved or suspended in a solvent and impregnated and added to the positive electrode active material and dried, or the surface adhesion substance precursor is dissolved or suspended in a solvent and impregnated into the positive electrode active material It can be made to adhere to the surface of the positive electrode active material by a method of reacting by heating or the like, a method of adding it to the positive electrode active material precursor and simultaneously baking it. In addition, when making carbon adhere, the method of making carbon quality adhere mechanically later, for example, in the form of activated carbon etc. can also be used.
- the amount of the surface adhesion substance is preferably 0.1 ppm or more, more preferably 1 ppm or more, still more preferably 10 ppm or more, and preferably 20% or less as an upper limit, based on the mass of the positive electrode active material. Is used at 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less.
- the surface adhesion substance can suppress the oxidation reaction of the electrolytic solution on the surface of the positive electrode active material, and the battery life can be improved. However, when the adhesion amount is too small, the effect is not sufficiently expressed. If it is too high, the resistance may increase to inhibit the lithium ion ingress and egress.
- the shape of the particles of the positive electrode active material may, for example, be a block, a polyhedron, a sphere, an oval sphere, a plate, a needle, or a column as conventionally used.
- primary particles may be aggregated to form secondary particles.
- the tap density of the positive electrode active material is preferably 0.5 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 0.8 g / cm 3 or more, and still more preferably 1.0 g / cm 3 or more.
- the tap density of the positive electrode active material is below the above lower limit, the necessary amount of dispersion medium increases at the time of forming the positive electrode active material layer, and the required amount of the conductive material and the binder increases, and the positive electrode to the positive electrode active material layer
- the filling rate of the active material may be limited, and the battery capacity may be limited.
- a composite oxide powder with a high tap density a high density positive electrode active material layer can be formed.
- the tap density is preferably as high as possible, and there is no particular upper limit.
- the tap density is determined by placing 5 to 10 g of the positive electrode active material powder in a 10 ml glass measuring cylinder and tapping the powder packing density (tap density) g / cm 3 when tapping 200 times with a stroke of about 20 mm. Ask as.
- the median diameter d50 of the particles of the positive electrode active material is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably Is preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or more, most preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more, preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 27 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, most preferably 22 ⁇ m or less. Below the lower limit, high tap density products may not be obtained.
- the median diameter d50 is measured by a known laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring apparatus.
- LA-920 manufactured by HORIBA is used as a particle size distribution analyzer
- a 0.1 mass% sodium hexametaphosphate aqueous solution is used as a dispersion medium for measurement, and a refractive index of 1.24 is set after ultrasonic dispersion for 5 minutes. Measured.
- the average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and still more preferably 0.
- the upper limit is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 4 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 2 ⁇ m or less. If the above upper limit is exceeded, it is difficult to form spherical secondary particles, which adversely affects the powder packing property or significantly lowers the specific surface area, which may increase the possibility that battery performance such as output characteristics may be degraded. is there. On the other hand, if the lower limit is exceeded, usually problems such as poor reversibility of charge and discharge may occur due to underdeveloped crystals.
- the primary particle diameter is measured by observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specifically, in a photograph at a magnification of 10000, the longest value of the intercept by the left and right boundary lines of the primary particle with respect to the straight line in the horizontal direction is obtained for any 50 primary particles, and the average value is obtained Be
- BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is preferably 0.1 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 0.2 m 2 / g or more, further preferably 0.3 m 2 / g or more, and the upper limit is preferably 50 m 2 / It is not more than g, more preferably not more than 40 m 2 / g, still more preferably not more than 30 m 2 / g. If the BET specific surface area is smaller than this range, the battery performance tends to be deteriorated, and if the BET specific surface area is large, it is difficult to increase the tap density, and a problem may easily occur in the coatability when forming the positive electrode active material layer.
- the BET specific surface area is determined by using a surface area meter (for example, a fully automatic surface area measuring device manufactured by Okura Riken Co., Ltd.) and predrying the sample for 30 minutes at 150 ° C. under nitrogen flow. It is defined as a value measured by a nitrogen adsorption BET one-point method by a gas flow method using a nitrogen-helium mixed gas which is accurately adjusted so that the value of the relative pressure of nitrogen to the atmospheric pressure is 0.3.
- a surface area meter for example, a fully automatic surface area measuring device manufactured by Okura Riken Co., Ltd.
- the particles of the positive electrode active material are mainly secondary particles. It is preferable that The particles of the positive electrode active material preferably contain 0.5 to 7.0% by volume of fine particles having an average particle diameter of secondary particles of 40 ⁇ m or less and an average primary particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less. By including fine particles having an average primary particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less, the contact area with the electrolytic solution becomes large, and the diffusion of lithium ions between the electrode and the electrolytic solution can be made faster, as a result, the battery Output performance can be improved.
- a general method is used as a manufacturing method of an inorganic compound.
- various methods can be considered to form spherical or elliptical spherical active materials.
- a transition metal source material is dissolved or pulverized in a solvent such as water, and the pH is adjusted while stirring.
- Spherical precursor is collected and dried, if necessary, added with a Li source such as LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 or LiNO 3 and calcined at high temperature to obtain an active material. .
- the above-mentioned positive electrode active material may be used alone, or two or more of different compositions may be used in any combination or ratio.
- a combination of LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 such as LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 or a part of this Mn substituted with another transition metal etc.
- a combination of LiCoO 2 or a part of this Co substituted with another transition metal or the like may be used alone, or two or more of different compositions may be used in any combination or ratio.
- a combination of LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 such as LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 or a part of this Mn substituted with another transition metal etc.
- a combination of LiCoO 2 or a part of this Co substituted with another transition metal or the like may be used alone, or two or more of different compositions may be used in any combination or ratio.
- the content of the positive electrode active material is preferably 50 to 99.5% by mass, and more preferably 80 to 99% by mass, of the positive electrode mixture in view of high battery capacity.
- the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 82% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 84% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 98% by mass or less. If the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active material layer is low, the electrical capacity may be insufficient. Conversely, if the content is too high, the strength of the positive electrode may be insufficient.
- the positive electrode mixture preferably further contains a binder, a thickener, and a conductive material.
- Any binder can be used as the binder as long as it is a material safe to the solvent and electrolyte used in the production of the electrode.
- polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, aroma -Based polymers such as chitosan, alginic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyimide, cellulose and nitrocellulose; SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, fluororubber, NBR (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber), ethylene ⁇ Rubber-like polymers such as propylene rubber; styrene / butadiene / styrene block copolymer or hydrogenated product thereof; EPDM (ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymer), styrene / ethylene / butadiene
- the content of the binder is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 1.5% by mass or more, as a ratio of the binder in the positive electrode active material layer. Usually, it is 80% by mass or less, preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and most preferably 10% by mass or less. If the proportion of the binder is too low, the positive electrode active material can not be sufficiently retained, and the mechanical strength of the positive electrode is insufficient, which may deteriorate battery performance such as cycle characteristics. On the other hand, if it is too high, it may lead to a decrease in battery capacity and conductivity.
- thickener examples include carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, casein, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and salts thereof.
- One type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in any combination and ratio.
- the ratio of the thickener to the active material is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.2% by mass or more, more preferably 0.3% by mass or more, and usually 5% by mass or less, preferably 3 It is a range of not more than mass%, more preferably not more than 2 mass%. Below this range, the coatability may be significantly reduced. If it exceeds, the proportion of the active material in the positive electrode active material layer may be reduced, which may cause a problem of a decrease in battery capacity or an increase in resistance between the positive electrode active materials.
- a well-known conductive material can be used arbitrarily as said conductive material.
- Specific examples include metal materials such as copper and nickel, graphite (natural graphite), graphite such as artificial graphite, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, carbon black such as thermal black, needle coke And carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, amorphous carbon such as VGCF, and the like.
- metal materials such as copper and nickel, graphite (natural graphite), graphite such as artificial graphite, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, carbon black such as thermal black, needle coke And carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, amorphous carbon such as VGCF, and the like.
- these may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
- the conductive material is usually 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, and usually 50% by mass or less, preferably 30% by mass, in the positive electrode active material layer. % Or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less. If the content is lower than this range, the conductivity may be insufficient. Conversely, if the content is higher than this range, the battery capacity may decrease.
- an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent may be used.
- the aqueous solvent include water and mixed solvents of alcohol and water.
- organic solvents include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and methylnaphthalene; heterocyclic compounds such as quinoline and pyridine; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone Esters such as methyl acetate and methyl acrylate; Amines such as diethylenetriamine and N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine; Ethers such as diethyl ether, propylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran (THF); N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) And amides such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; and aprotic polar solvents such as hexamethylphosphaamide and dimethylsulfoxide.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene
- Examples of the material of the current collector for the positive electrode include metals such as metals such as aluminum, titanium, tantalum, stainless steel and nickel, or alloys thereof; and carbon materials such as carbon cloth and carbon paper. Among them, metal materials, particularly aluminum or its alloy are preferable.
- Examples of the shape of the current collector include metal foils, metal cylinders, metal coils, metal coils, metal plates, metal thin films, expanded metals, punched metals, foamed metals and the like in the case of metal materials, and in the case of carbon materials, carbon plates and carbons A thin film, a carbon cylinder, etc. are mentioned. Of these, metal thin films are preferred.
- the thin film may be formed in a mesh shape as appropriate.
- the thickness of the thin film is arbitrary, but is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and usually 1 mm or less, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less. If the thin film is thinner than this range, the strength required for the current collector may be insufficient. Conversely, if the thin film is thicker than this range, the handleability may be impaired.
- the conductive support agent is apply
- the conductive aid include carbon, and noble metals such as gold, platinum and silver.
- the ratio of the thickness of the current collector to the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, but the value of (thickness of positive electrode active material layer on one side immediately before electrolyte injection) / (thickness of current collector) is 20 It is preferably the following, more preferably 15 or less, most preferably 10 or less, and preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.8 or more, and most preferably 1 or more. If this range is exceeded, the current collector may generate Joule heat during high current density charge and discharge. Below this range, the volume ratio of the current collector to the positive electrode active material may increase, and the capacity of the battery may decrease.
- the production of the positive electrode may be performed according to a conventional method.
- the binder, thickener, conductive material, solvent and the like described above are added to the above-mentioned positive electrode active material to form a slurry-like positive electrode mixture, which is applied to a current collector, dried and pressed.
- the densification can be performed by a hand press, a roller press or the like.
- Density of the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 1.5 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 2 g / cm 3 or more, still more preferably 2.2 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 5 g / cm 3 or less, More preferably, it is 4.5 g / cm 3 or less, further preferably 4 g / cm 3 or less. If this range is exceeded, the permeability of the electrolyte to the vicinity of the current collector / active material interface may be reduced, and in particular, the charge / discharge characteristics at high current densities may be reduced, and a high output may not be obtained. On the other hand, if it is lower than that, the conductivity between the active materials may be reduced, and the battery resistance may be increased to fail to obtain a high output.
- the area of the positive electrode active material layer is larger than the outer surface area of the battery case from the viewpoint of enhancing the stability at high output and high temperature.
- the sum of the electrode area of the positive electrode to the surface area of the exterior of the secondary battery is preferably 15 times or more in area ratio, and more preferably 40 times or more.
- the external surface area of the battery outer case is, in the case of a rectangular shape with a bottom, the total area obtained by calculation from the dimensions of the length, width, and thickness of the case portion filled with the power generation element excluding the protruding portion of the terminal.
- the sum of the electrode area of the positive electrode is the geometric surface area of the positive electrode mixture layer facing the mixture layer containing the negative electrode active material, and in the structure formed by forming the positive electrode mixture layer on both sides via the current collector foil. , The sum of the area to calculate each face separately.
- the thickness of the positive electrode plate is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of high capacity and high output, the thickness of the mixture layer obtained by subtracting the metal foil thickness of the core material is preferably set as the lower limit to one side of the current collector. Is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 450 ⁇ m or less.
- the substance of the composition different from this adhered on the surface of the said positive electrode plate may be used as surface adhesion substances.
- surface adhesion substances aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, boron oxide, antimony oxide, oxides such as bismuth oxide, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate And sulfates such as aluminum sulfate, carbonates such as lithium carbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, and carbon.
- the negative electrode is composed of a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material, and a current collector.
- the negative electrode material is not particularly limited as long as it can electrochemically store and release lithium ions.
- Specific examples include carbon materials, alloy materials, lithium-containing metal composite oxide materials, conductive polymers, and the like. One of these may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination as desired.
- the negative electrode active material a carbonaceous material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium such as thermal decomposition products of organic matter and artificial graphite and natural graphite under various thermal decomposition conditions; and desorbing and releasing lithium such as tin oxide and silicon oxide Possible metal oxide materials; lithium metal; various lithium alloys; lithium-containing metal complex oxide materials and the like can be mentioned. These negative electrode active materials may be used as a mixture of two or more.
- carbonaceous materials capable of storing and releasing lithium artificial graphite or purified natural graphite produced by high temperature treatment of graphitizable pitch obtained from various raw materials, or surface treatment of these graphites with pitch or other organic substances
- the material is preferably obtained by carbonization after application of carbon, a carbonaceous material obtained by heat-treating natural graphite, artificial graphite, artificial carbonaceous material and artificial graphitic material at a temperature of 400
- a carbonaceous material comprising at least two or more kinds of different crystalline carbonaceous materials and / or having an interface in which the different crystalline carbonaceous materials are in contact, and at least two or more different orientations of the negative electrode active material layer
- the material selected from carbonaceous materials having an interface in contact with the carbonaceous material is more preferable because the balance between the initial irreversible capacity and the high current density charge / discharge characteristics is good.
- these carbon materials may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
- a single lithium, a single metal and an alloy forming a lithium alloy, or oxidation thereof It may be any of compounds such as carbides, nitrides, silicides, sulfides or phosphides, and is not particularly limited.
- the single metal and alloy forming the lithium alloy is preferably a material containing Group 13 and Group 14 metal / metalloid elements, more preferably aluminum, silicon and tin (hereinafter referred to as “specific metal elements”. And metals or alloys or compounds containing these atoms. One of these may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in any combination and ratio.
- a negative electrode active material having at least one kind of atom selected from specific metal elements, a metal simple substance of any one kind of specific metal element, an alloy composed of two or more kinds of specific metal elements, one kind or two kinds or more of specification Alloy consisting of metal element and one or more other metal elements, compound containing one or more specified metal elements, and oxide, carbide, nitride, silicide of the compound And complex compounds such as sulfides and phosphides.
- bonded with several types of elements such as a simple metal, an alloy, or a nonmetallic element, etc. is also mentioned.
- silicon and tin an alloy of these elements and a metal which does not operate as a negative electrode can be used.
- tin a complex compound containing 5 to 6 elements in combination of a metal other than tin and silicon which acts as a negative electrode, a metal which does not further act as a negative electrode, and a nonmetallic element may be used it can.
- the composite material which makes Si or Sn a 1st constitutent element, and contains the 2nd, 3rd constitutent element in addition to it is mentioned.
- the second constituent element is, for example, at least one of cobalt, iron, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium and zirconium.
- the third constituent element is, for example, at least one of boron, carbon, aluminum and phosphorus.
- silicon or tin alone (may contain a trace amount of impurities), SiO v (0 ⁇ v ⁇ 2), SnO w (0) may be used as the metal material because high battery capacity and excellent battery characteristics can be obtained.
- ⁇ w ⁇ 2), Si—Co—C composite, Si—Ni—C composite, Sn—Co—C composite, and Sn—Ni—C composite are preferable.
- the lithium-containing metal complex oxide material used as the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can occlude and release lithium, but a material containing titanium and lithium is preferable in terms of high current density charge and discharge characteristics, More preferably, a lithium-containing composite metal oxide material containing titanium is preferable, and a composite oxide of lithium and titanium (hereinafter abbreviated as "lithium-titanium composite oxide”) is more preferable. That is, when a lithium titanium composite oxide having a spinel structure is used by being contained in a negative electrode active material for an electrolyte battery, the output resistance is greatly reduced, which is particularly preferable.
- lithium titanium complex oxide general formula: Li x Ti y M z O 4 [Wherein, M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Co, Al, Fe, Ti, Mg, Cr, Ga, Cu, Zn and Nb. ] It is preferable that it is a compound represented by these.
- Particularly preferable representative compositions of the above compounds are Li 4/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 in (i), Li 1 Ti 2 O 4 in (ii), and Li 4/5 Ti 11/5 O in (iii). 4
- Li 4/3 Ti 4/3 Al 1/3 O 4 is mentioned as a preferable one.
- the negative electrode mixture preferably further contains a binder, a thickener, and a conductive material.
- the binding agent examples include the same as the binding agent that can be used for the positive electrode described above.
- the ratio of the binder to the negative electrode active material is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.6% by mass or more, and preferably 20% by mass or less, 15 Mass% or less is more preferable, 10 mass% or less is further preferable, and 8 mass% or less is particularly preferable.
- the binder ratio in which the amount of the binder does not contribute to the battery capacity may increase, which may result in a decrease in the battery capacity. Moreover, if it is less than the said range, strength reduction of a negative electrode may be caused.
- the ratio of the binder to the negative electrode active material is usually 0.1% by mass or more, and preferably 0.5% by mass or more.
- the content is more preferably 0.6% by mass or more, and usually 5% by mass or less, preferably 3% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the ratio to the negative electrode active material is usually 1% by mass or more, preferably 2% by mass or more, and 3% by mass or more Moreover, it is 15 mass% or less normally, 10 mass% or less is preferable, and 8 mass% or less is still more preferable.
- the ratio of the thickener to the negative electrode active material is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 0.6% by mass or more, and usually 5% by mass or less. 3 mass% or less is preferable, and 2 mass% or less is still more preferable.
- the ratio of the thickener to the negative electrode active material is below the above range, the coatability may be significantly reduced. If the above range is exceeded, the proportion of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode active material layer may be reduced, and the battery capacity may be reduced or the resistance between the negative electrode active material may be increased.
- Examples of the conductive material of the negative electrode include metal materials such as copper and nickel; and carbon materials such as graphite and carbon black.
- a solvent capable of dissolving or dispersing a negative electrode active material, a binder, a thickener used as needed, and a conductive material can be particularly selected.
- a solvent capable of dissolving or dispersing a negative electrode active material, a binder, a thickener used as needed, and a conductive material can be particularly selected.
- an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent may be used.
- aqueous solvent examples include water, alcohol and the like
- organic solvent examples include N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methylacetamide, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, diethyltriamine, N, N- Dimethylaminopropylamine, tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, acetone, diethyl ether, dimethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphide, dimethylsulfoxide, benzene, xylene, quinoline, pyridine, methylnaphthalene, hexane and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the material of the current collector for the negative electrode include copper, nickel, and stainless steel. Among them, copper foil is preferable in terms of easy processing into a thin film and cost.
- the thickness of the current collector is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and usually 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably 50 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is too thick, the capacity of the entire battery may be too low. Conversely, if the thickness is too thin, the handling may be difficult.
- the production of the negative electrode may be performed according to a conventional method.
- the above-mentioned negative electrode material may be added with the above-mentioned binder, thickener, conductive material, solvent and the like to form a slurry, which is coated on a current collector, dried and then pressed to obtain high density.
- the method of forming the thin film layer (negative electrode active material layer) containing the above-mentioned negative electrode active material by methods such as a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, and a plating method, is also used.
- the electrode structure when making the negative electrode active material into an electrode is not particularly limited, but the density of the negative electrode active material present on the current collector is preferably 1 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more, and 1.2 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more Is more preferable, 1.3 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or more is particularly preferable, and 2.2 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less is preferable, 2.1 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less is more preferable, and 2.0 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less More preferably, it is particularly preferably 1.9 g ⁇ cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the density of the negative electrode active material present on the current collector exceeds the above range, the negative electrode active material particles are destroyed, and the initial irreversible capacity is increased, and the electrolyte solution near the current collector / negative electrode active material interface In some cases, the high current density charge / discharge characteristics may be deteriorated due to the decrease in the permeability of the If the above range is exceeded, the conductivity between the negative electrode active materials may be reduced, the battery resistance may be increased, and the capacity per unit volume may be reduced.
- the thickness of the negative electrode plate is designed according to the positive electrode plate to be used and is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the mixture layer obtained by subtracting the metal foil thickness of the core material is usually 15 ⁇ m or more, preferably 20 ⁇ m or more More preferably, it is 30 ⁇ m or more, and usually 300 ⁇ m or less, preferably 280 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 250 ⁇ m or less.
- the substance of the composition different from this adhered on the surface of the said negative electrode plate may be used as surface adhesion substances.
- surface adhesion substances aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, boron oxide, antimony oxide, oxides such as bismuth oxide, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate And sulfates such as aluminum sulfate; and carbonates such as lithium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention preferably further comprises a separator.
- the material and shape of the separator are not particularly limited as long as they are stable to the electrolytic solution and excellent in liquid retention, and known materials can be used. Among these, resins, glass fibers, inorganic substances, etc., which are formed of a material stable to the electrolytic solution of the present invention, are used, and porous sheet or non-woven fabric-like articles etc. excellent in liquid retention are used. preferable.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene and a polypropylene, aromatic polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyether sulfone, a glass filter etc.
- One of these materials such as polypropylene / polyethylene two-layer film, polypropylene / polyethylene / polypropylene three-layer film may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in any combination and ratio.
- the separator is preferably a porous sheet or a non-woven fabric or the like that uses a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene as a raw material in that the permeability of the electrolytic solution and the shutdown effect are good.
- the thickness of the separator is arbitrary, but is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 8 ⁇ m or more, and usually 50 ⁇ m or less, preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less. If the separator is thinner than the above range, the insulation and mechanical strength may be reduced. If the thickness is more than the above range, not only the battery performance such as rate characteristics may be reduced, but also the energy density of the entire electrolyte battery may be reduced.
- the porosity of the separator is optional, but is usually 20% or more, preferably 35% or more, and more preferably 45% or more, Also, it is usually 90% or less, preferably 85% or less, and more preferably 75% or less.
- the porosity is smaller than the above range, the film resistance tends to be increased and the rate characteristic tends to be deteriorated.
- it is larger than the said range it exists in the tendency for the mechanical strength of a separator to fall and for insulation to fall.
- the average pore diameter of the separator is also optional, but is usually 0.5 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or less, and usually 0.05 ⁇ m or more.
- the average pore size exceeds the above range, a short circuit is likely to occur. If the above range is exceeded, the film resistance may increase and the rate characteristics may deteriorate.
- oxides such as alumina and silicon dioxide
- nitrides such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride
- sulfates such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate are used, and those having a particle shape or fiber shape are used. Used.
- a thin film such as a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric and a microporous film is used.
- the thin film shape one having a pore diameter of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m and a thickness of 5 to 50 ⁇ m is suitably used.
- a separator can be used in which a composite porous layer containing particles of the above-mentioned inorganic substance is formed on the surface layer of the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode using a resin binder.
- alumina particles having a 90% particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m may be formed on both sides of the positive electrode to form a porous layer using a fluorine resin as a binder.
- the electrode group has a laminated structure in which the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate described above are intervened by the separator, and a structure in which the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are spirally wound through the separator. Any one may be used.
- the ratio of the volume of the electrode group to the internal volume of the battery (hereinafter referred to as the electrode group occupancy rate) is usually 40% or more, preferably 50% or more, and usually 90% or less, preferably 80% or less .
- the battery capacity decreases. Further, when the above range is exceeded, the void space is small, the battery becomes high temperature, the members expand, the vapor pressure of the liquid component of the electrolyte becomes high, and the internal pressure rises, and the charge and discharge repetition performance as the battery And may deteriorate various characteristics such as high temperature storage, and may further operate a gas release valve that releases the internal pressure to the outside.
- the current collecting structure is not particularly limited, in order to more effectively realize the improvement of the charge and discharge characteristics of the high current density by the electrolytic solution of the present invention, the structure of reducing the resistance of the wiring portion and the bonding portion may be used. preferable. When the internal resistance is thus reduced, the effect of using the electrolytic solution of the present invention is exhibited particularly well.
- the electrode group has the above-described laminated structure
- a structure formed by bundling metal core portions of the respective electrode layers and welding them to terminals is suitably used.
- the internal resistance increases, so it is also preferable to provide a plurality of terminals in the electrode to reduce the resistance.
- the electrode group has the above-described wound structure, the internal resistance can be lowered by providing a plurality of lead structures on the positive electrode and the negative electrode and bundling them in the terminals.
- the material of the outer case is not particularly limited as long as the material is stable to the electrolyte used. Specifically, a nickel-plated steel sheet, metals such as stainless steel, aluminum or aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy or the like, or a laminated film (laminated film) of a resin and an aluminum foil is used. From the viewpoint of weight reduction, metals of aluminum or aluminum alloy and laminate films are preferably used.
- the metals are welded to form a hermetically sealed structure by laser welding, resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, or a caulking structure is formed using the above metals via a resin gasket.
- a resin gasket In the outer case using metals, the metals are welded to form a hermetically sealed structure by laser welding, resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, or a caulking structure is formed using the above metals via a resin gasket. The thing is mentioned.
- those having a sealing and sealing structure by thermally fusing the resin layers to each other may be mentioned.
- a resin different from the resin used for the laminate film may be interposed between the resin layers.
- the metal and the resin are joined, and therefore, a resin having a polar group or a modification having a polar group introduced as an intervening resin Resin is preferably used.
- the shape of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is arbitrary, and examples thereof include cylindrical, square, laminate, coin and large shapes.
- the shapes and configurations of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator can be changed and used according to the shapes of the respective batteries.
- a module including the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is also one of the present invention.
- a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the above-described electrolyte solution wherein the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material includes Mn.
- the lithium ion secondary battery is also one of the preferred embodiments. Since the positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material containing Mn is provided, the lithium ion secondary battery is further excellent in high-temperature storage characteristics.
- LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 , LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0 .3 O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 is preferred.
- the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 82% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 84% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 98% by mass or less. If the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active material layer is low, the electrical capacity may be insufficient. Conversely, if the content is too high, the strength of the positive electrode may be insufficient.
- the positive electrode active material layer may further contain a conductive material, a thickener and a binder.
- any material can be used as long as it is a material safe to the solvent and the electrolyte used in the production of the electrode.
- the content of the binder is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 1.5% by mass or more, as a ratio of the binder in the positive electrode active material layer. Usually, it is 80% by mass or less, preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and most preferably 10% by mass or less. If the proportion of the binder is too low, the positive electrode active material can not be sufficiently retained, and the mechanical strength of the positive electrode is insufficient, which may deteriorate battery performance such as cycle characteristics. On the other hand, if it is too high, it may lead to a decrease in battery capacity and conductivity.
- thickener examples include carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, casein and salts thereof.
- One type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in any combination and ratio.
- the ratio of the thickener to the active material is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.2% by mass or more, more preferably 0.3% by mass or more, and usually 5% by mass or less, preferably 3 It is a range of not more than mass%, more preferably not more than 2 mass%. Below this range, the coatability may be significantly reduced. If it exceeds, the proportion of the active material in the positive electrode active material layer may be reduced, which may cause a problem of a decrease in battery capacity or an increase in resistance between the positive electrode active materials.
- a well-known conductive material can be used arbitrarily as said conductive material.
- Specific examples thereof include metal materials such as copper and nickel, graphites such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, carbon blacks such as acetylene black, and carbon materials such as amorphous carbon such as needle coke. In addition, these may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
- the conductive material is usually 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, and usually 50% by mass or less, preferably 30% by mass, in the positive electrode active material layer. % Or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less. If the content is lower than this range, the conductivity may be insufficient. Conversely, if the content is higher than this range, the battery capacity may decrease.
- the positive electrode current collector is preferably made of a valve metal or an alloy thereof in order to further improve the high temperature storage characteristics.
- a valve metal aluminum, titanium, a tantalum, chromium etc. are mentioned. More preferably, the positive electrode current collector is made of aluminum or an alloy of aluminum.
- the lithium ion secondary battery is further improved in high temperature storage characteristics, so that the part in contact with the electrolytic solution among the parts electrically connected to the positive electrode current collector is also a valve metal or an alloy thereof. It is preferable that it is comprised.
- a portion electrically connected to the positive electrode current collector and in contact with the non-aqueous electrolyte is a valve metal or It is preferable to comprise the alloy.
- Stainless steel coated with valve metal or its alloy may be used.
- the method for producing the positive electrode is as described above.
- the above-mentioned binder, thickener, conductive material, solvent and the like are added to the above-mentioned positive electrode active material to obtain a slurry-like positive electrode mixture,
- the configuration of the negative electrode is as described above.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention is useful as an electrolytic solution for a large-sized lithium ion secondary battery for hybrid vehicles and dispersed power sources.
- composition of BMM ImBOB A compound of the formula: wherein the starting material is changed from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride to 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, The compound (BMImBOB) shown by was obtained.
- Ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are mixed in a volume ratio of 30/30/40, and each ion in the electrolytic solution has the concentration described in Table 1
- the ion source was added as follows to obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte. Specifically, it was added as follows. In Example 1, 4.0 ⁇ 10 -4 M of compound (I) and 1.0 M of LiPF 6 were added. In Example 2, 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 M of compound (I) and 1.0 M of LiPF 6 were added. In Example 3, 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 M of the compound (I) and 1.0 M of LiPF 6 were added.
- Example 4 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 M of compound (I) and 1.0 M of LiPF 6 were added.
- Example 5 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 M of compound (I) and 1.0 M of LiPF 6 were added.
- Example 6 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 M of compound (I) and 1.0 M of LiPF 6 were added.
- Example 7 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 M of compound (I) and 1.0 M of LiPF 6 were added.
- Example 8 4.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 M of compound (I) and 1.0 M of LiPF 6 were added.
- Example 9 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 M of compound (II) and 1.0 M of LiPF 6 were added.
- Examples 12 and 13 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 M of the compound (I) and 1.0 M of LiPF 6 were added.
- Examples 14 to 20 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 M of Compound (II) and 1.0 M of LiPF 6 were added.
- the obtained slurry is applied to a copper foil with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, dried, and rolled with a press, and the size of the active material layer is 52 mm in width, 32 mm in length, and 5 mm in width, 9 mm in length. It cut out to the shape which has a part, and was set as the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are made to face each other through a microporous polyethylene film (separator) having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and the non-aqueous electrolytic solution obtained above is injected, and the non-aqueous electrolytic solution is sufficiently used as a separator. After penetration, the battery was sealed, pre-charged and aged to prepare a lithium ion secondary battery.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、低抵抗で、かつサイクル特性に優れる。
化合物(1)は、下記一般式:
なお、ビス(オキサラト)ボレートアニオンは下記式:
上記対アニオン(但し、ビス(オキサラト)ボレートアニオンを除く)としては、PF6 -、N(FSO2)2 -、N(CF3SO2)2 -、ClO4 -、Cl-、BF4 -等が挙げられ、なかでもPF6 -が好ましい。
上記対カチオン(但し、イミダゾリウムカチオン(1-1)を除く)としては、Li+、アンモニウムカチオン、ピリジニウムカチオン、ピロリジニウムカチオン、ピペリジニウムカチオン等が挙げられ、なかでもLi+が好ましい。
上記対カチオンとしては、イミダゾリウムカチオン(1-1)、Li+、アンモニウムカチオン、ピリジニウムカチオン、ピロリジニウムカチオン、ピペリジニウムカチオン等が挙げられ、なかでもイミダゾリウムカチオン(1-1)、Li+が好ましく、Li+がより好ましい。
また、塩化物イオンの他のイオン源として、塩化リチウム、塩化アンモニウム、塩化ピリジニウム、塩化ピロリジニウム、塩化ピぺリジニウム等の塩化物を用いることもできる。
上記環状カーボネートは、非フッ素化環状カーボネートであってもよいし、フッ素化環状カーボネートであってもよい。
上記鎖状カーボネートは、非フッ素化鎖状カーボネートであってもよいし、フッ素化鎖状カーボネートであってもよい。
上記溶媒は、非フッ素化飽和環状カーボネート、フッ素化飽和環状カーボネート、フッ素化鎖状カーボネート及び非フッ素化鎖状カーボネートからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましい。
上記環状エステルは、非フッ素化環状エステルであってもよいし、フッ素化環状エステルであってもよい。
上記鎖状カーボネートは、非フッ素化鎖状エステルであってもよいし、フッ素化鎖状エステルであってもよい。
上記溶媒は、非フッ素化飽和環状エステル、フッ素化飽和環状エステル、フッ素化鎖状エステル及び非フッ素化鎖状エステルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましい。
非フッ素化鎖状エステルは、溶媒に対して、0~90体積%であることが好ましく、0.001~90体積%であることがより好ましく、1~60体積%であることが更に好ましく、5~40体積%であることが特に好ましい。
また、非フッ素化飽和環状エステル及び非フッ素化鎖状エステルの合計が、溶媒に対し、0~90体積%であることが好ましく、1~60体積%であることがより好ましく、5~40体積%であることが更に好ましい。
なお、本明細書において「高電圧」とは、4.2V以上の電圧をいう。また、「高電圧」の上限は4.9Vが好ましい。
なお、本明細書中で「エーテル結合」は、-O-で表される結合である。
炭素数が大きくなりすぎると低温特性が低下したり、電解質塩の溶解性が低下したりするおそれがあり、炭素数が少な過ぎると、電解質塩の溶解性の低下、放電効率の低下、更には粘性の増大等がみられることがある。
R1-R2- (a-1)
(式中、R1はフッ素原子を有していてもよい炭素数1以上のアルキル基;R2はフッ素原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~3のアルキレン基;ただし、R1及びR2の少なくとも一方はフッ素原子を有している)で示されるフッ素化アルキル基が、電解質塩の溶解性が良好な点から好ましく例示できる。
なお、R1及びR2は、更に、炭素原子、水素原子及びフッ素原子以外の、その他の原子を有していてもよい。
-CH2-、-CHF-、-CF2-、-CHCl-、-CFCl-、-CCl2-
-CH2-、-CHF-、-CF2-、-CHCl-、-CFCl-、-CCl2-
R3-(OR4)n1- (b-1)
(式中、R3はフッ素原子を有していてもよい、好ましくは炭素数1~6のアルキル基;R4はフッ素原子を有していてもよい、好ましくは炭素数1~4のアルキレン基;n1は1~3の整数;ただし、R3及びR4の少なくとも1つはフッ素原子を有している)で示されるものが挙げられる。
フッ素化アルキル基(a)、エーテル結合を有するフッ素化アルキル基(b)、及び、フッ素化アルコキシ基(c)のフッ素含有率は、各基の構造式に基づいて、{(フッ素原子の個数×19)/各基の式量}×100(%)により算出した値である。
なお、上記フッ素化飽和環状カーボネートのフッ素含有率は、フッ素化飽和環状カーボネートの構造式に基づいて、{(フッ素原子の個数×19)/フッ素化飽和環状カーボネートの分子量}×100(%)により算出した値である。
Rf2OCOOR7 (B)
(式中、Rf2は、炭素数1~7のフッ素化アルキル基であり、R7は、炭素数1~7のフッ素原子を含んでいてもよいアルキル基である。)で示される化合物を挙げることができる。
上記フッ素化アルキル基は、アルキル基が有する水素原子の少なくとも1つをフッ素原子で置換したものである。R7がフッ素原子を含むアルキル基である場合、フッ素化アルキル基となる。
Rf2及びR7は、低粘性である点で、炭素数が1~7であることが好ましく、1~2であることがより好ましい。
炭素数が大きくなりすぎると低温特性が低下したり、電解質塩の溶解性が低下したりするおそれがあり、炭素数が少な過ぎると、電解質塩の溶解性の低下、放電効率の低下、更には粘性の増大等がみられることがある。
R1-R2- (d-1)
(式中、R1はフッ素原子を有していてもよい炭素数1以上のアルキル基;R2はフッ素原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~3のアルキレン基;ただし、R1及びR2の少なくとも一方はフッ素原子を有している)で示されるフッ素化アルキル基が、電解質塩の溶解性が良好な点から好ましく例示できる。
なお、R1及びR2は、更に、炭素原子、水素原子及びフッ素原子以外の、その他の原子を有していてもよい。
-CH2-、-CHF-、-CF2-、-CHCl-、-CFCl-、-CCl2-
なお、本発明においてフッ素含有率は、上記フッ素化鎖状カーボネートの構造式に基づいて、
{(フッ素原子の個数×19)/フッ素化鎖状カーボネートの分子量}×100(%)
により算出した値である。
Rf31COORf32
(式中、Rf31は炭素数1~4のフッ素化アルキル基、Rf32は炭素数1~4のフッ素原子を含んでいてもよいアルキル基)で示されるフッ素化鎖状エステルが、他溶媒との相溶性や耐酸化性が良好な点から好ましい。
また、上記溶媒は、非水溶媒であることが好ましく、本発明の電解液は、非水電解液であることが好ましい。
X201は、O、S、炭素数1~10のアルキレン基、炭素数1~10のハロゲン化アルキレン基、炭素数6~20のアリーレン基又は炭素数6~20のハロゲン化アリーレン基(アルキレン基、ハロゲン化アルキレン基、アリーレン基、及び、ハロゲン化アリーレン基はその構造中に置換基、ヘテロ原子を持っていてもよく、またn202が1でn203が2~4のときにはn203個のX201はそれぞれが結合していてもよい)。
L201は、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のハロゲン化アルキル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基、炭素数6~20のハロゲン化アリール基(アルキレン基、ハロゲン化アルキレン基、アリーレン基、及び、ハロゲン化アリーレン基はその構造中に置換基、ヘテロ原子を持っていてもよく、またn201が2~8のときにはn201個のL201はそれぞれが結合して環を形成してもよい)又は-Z203Y203。
Y201、Y202及びZ203は、それぞれ独立でO、S、NY204、炭化水素基又はフッ素化炭化水素基。Y203及びY204は、それぞれ独立でH、F、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のハロゲン化アルキル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基又は炭素数6~20のハロゲン化アリール基(アルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、アリール基及びハロゲン化アリール基はその構造中に置換基、ヘテロ原子を持っていてもよく、Y203又はY204が複数個存在する場合にはそれぞれが結合して環を形成してもよい))。
なお、本明細書において、フッ素化炭化水素基は、炭化水素基の水素原子の少なくとも1つがフッ素原子に置換された基である。
上記リチウム塩として任意のものを用いることができ、具体的には以下のものが挙げられる。例えば、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiAlF4、LiSbF6、LiTaF6、LiWF7、LiAsF6,LiAlCl4,LiI、LiBr、LiCl、LiB10Cl10、Li2SiF6、Li2PFO3、LiPO2F2等の無機リチウム塩;
LiWOF5等のタングステン酸リチウム類;
HCO2Li、CH3CO2Li、CH2FCO2Li、CHF2CO2Li、CF3CO2Li、CF3CH2CO2Li、CF3CF2CO2Li、CF3CF2CF2CO2Li、CF3CF2CF2CF2CO2Li等のカルボン酸リチウム塩類;
FSO3Li、CH3SO3Li、CH2FSO3Li、CHF2SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、CF3CF2SO3Li、CF3CF2CF2SO3Li、CF3CF2CF2CF2SO3Li、リチウムメチルサルフェート、リチウムエチルサルフェート、リチウム2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルサルフェート等のS=O基を有するリチウム塩類;
LiN(FCO)2、LiN(FCO)(FSO2)、LiN(FSO2)2、LiN(FSO2)(CF3SO2)、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、リチウムビスパーフルオロエタンスルホニルイミド、リチウム環状1,2-パーフルオロエタンジスルホニルイミド、リチウム環状1,3-パーフルオロプロパンジスルホニルイミド、リチウム環状1,2-エタンジスルホニルイミド、リチウム環状1,3-プロパンジスルホニルイミド、リチウム環状1,4-パーフルオロブタンジスルホニルイミド、LiN(CF3SO2)(FSO2)、LiN(CF3SO2)(C3F7SO2)、LiN(CF3SO2)(C4F9SO2)、LiN(POF2)2等のリチウムイミド塩類;
LiC(FSO2)3、LiC(CF3SO2)3、LiC(C2F5SO2)3等のリチウムメチド塩類;
その他、式:LiPFa(CnF2n+1)6-a(式中、aは0~5の整数であり、nは1~6の整数である)で表される塩(例えばLiPF3(C2F5)3、LiPF3(CF3)3、LiPF3(iso-C3F7)3、LiPF5(iso-C3F7)、LiPF4(CF3)2、LiPF4(C2F5)2)、LiPF4(CF3SO2)2、LiPF4(C2F5SO2)2、LiBF3CF3、LiBF3C2F5、LiBF3C3F7、LiBF2(CF3)2、LiBF2(C2F5)2、LiBF2(CF3SO2)2、LiBF2(C2F5SO2)2等の含フッ素有機リチウム塩類、LiSCN、LiB(CN)4、LiB(C6H5)4、Li2(C2O4)、LiP(C2O4)3、Li2B12FbH12-b(bは0~3の整数)等が挙げられる。
Y21及びZ21が複数存在する場合、複数存在するY21及びZ21は同じであっても異なっていてもよい。
Z21としては、H-、F-、CH3-、CH3CH2-、CH3CH2CH2-、CF3-、CF3CF2-、CH2FCH2-及びCF3CF2CF2-からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましい。
これにより、電気化学デバイスの高温保存特性を向上させることができる。上記ニトリル化合物を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を任意の組み合わせ及び比率で併用してもよい。
ハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。中でもフッ素原子が好ましい。
アルキル基としては、炭素数1~5のものが好ましい。アルキル基の具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert-ブチル基等が挙げられる。
アルキル基の少なくとも一部の水素原子をハロゲン原子で置換した基としては、上述したアルキル基の少なくとも一部の水素原子を上述したハロゲン原子で置換した基が挙げられる。
Ra及びRbがアルキル基、又は、アルキル基の少なくとも一部の水素原子をハロゲン原子で置換した基である場合は、RaとRbとが互いに結合して環構造(例えば、シクロヘキサン環)を形成していてもよい。
Ra及びRbは、水素原子又はアルキル基であることが好ましい。
ジニトリルの具体例としては、マロノニトリル、スクシノニトリル、グルタロニトリル、アジポニトリル、ピメロニトリル、スベロニトリル、アゼラニトリル、セバコニトリル、ウンデカンジニトリル、ドデカンジニトリル、メチルマロノニトリル、エチルマロノニトリル、イソプロピルマロノニトリル、tert-ブチルマロノニトリル、メチルスクシノニトリル、2,2-ジメチルスクシノニトリル、2,3-ジメチルスクシノニトリル、2,3,3-トリメチルスクシノニトリル、2,2,3,3-テトラメチルスクシノニトリル、2,3-ジエチル-2,3-ジメチルスクシノニトリル、2,2-ジエチル-3,3-ジメチルスクシノニトリル、ビシクロヘキシル-1,1-ジカルボニトリル、ビシクロヘキシル-2,2-ジカルボニトリル、ビシクロヘキシル-3,3-ジカルボニトリル、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ヘキサンジカルボニトリル、2,3-ジイソブチル-2,3-ジメチルスクシノニトリル、2,2-ジイソブチル-3,3-ジメチルスクシノニトリル、2-メチルグルタロニトリル、2,3-ジメチルグルタロニトリル、2,4-ジメチルグルタロニトリル、2,2,3,3-テトラメチルグルタロニトリル、2,2,4,4-テトラメチルグルタロニトリル、2,2,3,4-テトラメチルグルタロニトリル、2,3,3,4-テトラメチルグルタロニトリル、1,4-ジシアノペンタン、2,6-ジシアノヘプタン、2,7-ジシアノオクタン、2,8-ジシアノノナン、1,6-ジシアノデカン、1,2-ジジアノベンゼン、1,3-ジシアノベンゼン、1,4-ジシアノベンゼン、3,3’-(エチレンジオキシ)ジプロピオニトリル、3,3’-(エチレンジチオ)ジプロピオニトリル、3,9-ビス(2-シアノエチル)-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン、ブタンニトリル、フタロニトリル等を例示できる。これらのうち、特に好ましいのはスクシノニトリル、グルタロニトリル、アジポニトリルであり、最も好ましいのはアジポニトリルである。
また、トリカルボニトリルの具体例としては、ペンタントリカルボニトリル、プロパントリカルボニトリル、1,3,5-ヘキサントリカルボニトリル、1,3,6-ヘキサントリカルボニトリル、ヘプタントリカルボニトリル、1,2,3-プロパントリカルボニトリル、1,3,5-ペンタントリカルボニトリル、シクロヘキサントリカルボニトリル、トリスシアノエチルアミン、トリスシアノエトキシプロパン、トリシアノエチレン、トリス(2-シアノエチル)アミン等が挙げられ特に好ましいものは、1,3,6-ヘキサントリカルボニトリル、シクロヘキサントリカルボニトリルであり、最も好ましいものはシクロヘキサントリカルボニトリルである。
ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、及び、アルキル基の少なくとも一部の水素原子をハロゲン原子で置換した基については、上記一般式(1a)について例示したものが挙げられる。
上記NC-Rc1-Xc1-におけるRc1はアルキレン基である。アルキレン基としては、炭素数1~3のアルキレン基が好ましい。
Rc、Rd及びReは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、又は、アルキル基の少なくとも一部の水素原子をハロゲン原子で置換した基であることが好ましい。
Rc、Rd及びReの少なくとも1つは、ハロゲン原子、又は、アルキル基の少なくとも一部の水素原子をハロゲン原子で置換した基であることが好ましく、フッ素原子、又は、アルキル基の少なくとも一部の水素原子をフッ素原子で置換した基であることがより好ましい。
Rd及びReがアルキル基、又は、アルキル基の少なくとも一部の水素原子をハロゲン原子で置換した基である場合は、RdとReとが互いに結合して環構造(例えば、シクロヘキサン環)を形成していてもよい。
ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、及び、アルキル基の少なくとも一部の水素原子をハロゲン原子で置換した基については、上記一般式(1a)について例示したものが挙げられる。
シアノ基を含む基としては、シアノ基のほか、アルキル基の少なくとも一部の水素原子をシアノ基で置換した基が挙げられる。この場合のアルキル基としては、上記一般式(1a)について例示したものが挙げられる。
Rf、Rg、Rh及びRiのうち少なくとも1つはシアノ基を含む基である。好ましくは、Rf、Rg、Rh及びRiのうち少なくとも2つがシアノ基を含む基であることであり、より好ましくは、Rh及びRiがシアノ基を含む基であることである。Rh及びRiがシアノ基を含む基である場合、Rf及びRgは、水素原子であることが好ましい。
このような化合物を含有することにより、電極界面の安定性が向上し、電気化学デバイスの特性を向上させることができる。
上記ポリエチレンオキシドとしては、例えば、ポリエチレンオキシドモノオール、ポリエチレンオキシドカルボン酸、ポリエチレンオキシドジオール、ポリエチレンオキシドジカルボン酸、ポリエチレンオキシドトリオール、ポリエチレンオキシドトリカルボン酸等が挙げられる。これらは単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
なかでも、電気化学デバイスの特性がより良好となる点で、ポリエチレンオキシドモノオールとポリエチレンオキシドジオールの混合物、及び、ポリエチレンカルボン酸とポリエチレンジカルボン酸の混合物であることが好ましい。
上記重量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)法によるポリスチレン換算により測定することができる。
上記ポリエチレンオキシドの含有量は、5×10-6mol/kg以上であることがより好ましい。
フッ素化不飽和環状カーボネートは、不飽和結合とフッ素原子とを有する環状カーボネートである。フッ素化不飽和環状カーボネートが有するフッ素原子の数は1以上があれば、特に制限されない。中でもフッ素原子が通常6以下、好ましくは4以下であり、1個又は2個のものが最も好ましい。
三重結合を有する化合物の具体例としては、例えば、以下の化合物が挙げられる。
1-ペンチン、2-ペンチン、1-ヘキシン、2-ヘキシン、3-ヘキシン、1-ヘプチン、2-ヘプチン、3-ヘプチン、1-オクチン、2-オクチン、3-オクチン、4-オクチン、1-ノニン、2-ノニン、3-ノニン、4-ノニン、1-ドデシン、2-ドデシン、3-ドデシン、4-ドデシン、5-ドデシン、フェニルアセチレン、1-フェニル-1-プロピン、1-フェニル-2-プロピン、1-フェニル-1-ブチン、4-フェニル-1-ブチン、4-フェニル-1-ブチン、1-フェニル-1-ペンチン、5-フェニル-1-ペンチン、1-フェニル-1-ヘキシン、6-フェニル-1-ヘキシン、ジフェニルアセチレン、4-エチニルトルエン、ジシクロヘキシルアセチレン等の炭化水素化合物;
で示される含フッ素ラクトンが挙げられる。
で示される含フッ素ラクトン等も挙げられる。
で示される5員環構造が、合成が容易である点、化学的安定性が良好な点から好ましく挙げられ、更には、AとBの組合せにより、下記式(F):
で示される含フッ素ラクトンと、下記式(G):
で示される含フッ素ラクトンがある。
炭素数2~10の鎖状エーテルとしては、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、ジ-n-ブチルエーテル、ジメトキシメタン、メトキシエトキシメタン、ジエトキシメタン、ジメトキシエタン、メトキシエトキシエタン、ジエトキシエタン、エチレングリコールジ-n-プロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールジ-n-ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ペンタエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル等が挙げられる。
上記フッ素化エーテルとしては、下記一般式(I):
Rf3-O-Rf4 (I)
(式中、Rf3及びRf4は同じか又は異なり、炭素数1~10のアルキル基又は炭素数1~10のフッ素化アルキル基である。ただし、Rf3及びRf4の少なくとも一方は、フッ素化アルキル基である。)
で表されるフッ素化エーテル(I)が挙げられる。フッ素化エーテル(I)を含有させることにより、電解液の難燃性が向上するとともに、高温高電圧での安定性、安全性が向上する。
なかでも、Rf3及びRf4が、同じか又は異なり、Rf3が炭素数3~6のフッ素化アルキル基であり、かつ、Rf4が炭素数2~6のフッ素化アルキル基であることがより好ましい。
上記フッ素含有率の下限は、45質量%がより好ましく、50質量%が更に好ましく、55質量%が特に好ましい。上限は70質量%がより好ましく、66質量%が更に好ましい。
なお、フッ素化エーテル(I)のフッ素含有率は、フッ素化エーテル(I)の構造式に基づいて、{(フッ素原子の個数×19)/フッ素化エーテル(I)の分子量}×100(%)により算出した値である。
なかでも、高沸点、他の溶媒との相溶性や電解質塩の溶解性が良好な点で有利なことから、HCF2CF2CH2OCF2CFHCF3(沸点106℃)、CF3CF2CH2OCF2CFHCF3(沸点82℃)、HCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2H(沸点92℃)及びCF3CF2CH2OCF2CF2H(沸点68℃)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましく、HCF2CF2CH2OCF2CFHCF3(沸点106℃)及びHCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2H(沸点92℃)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることがより好ましい。
Rf5COO-M+ (30)
(式中、Rf5は炭素数3~10のエーテル結合を含んでいてもよい含フッ素アルキル基;M+はLi+、Na+、K+又はNHR’3 +(R’は同じか又は異なり、いずれもH又は炭素数が1~3のアルキル基)である)
で表される含フッ素カルボン酸塩や、下記式(40):
Rf6SO3 -M+ (40)
(式中、Rf6は炭素数3~10のエーテル結合を含んでいてもよい含フッ素アルキル基;M+はLi+、Na+、K+又はNHR’3 +(R’は同じか又は異なり、いずれもH又は炭素数が1~3のアルキル基)である)
で表される含フッ素スルホン酸塩等が好ましい。
A-(D)-B (101)
[式中、Dは式(201):
-(D1)n-(FAE)m-(AE)p-(Y)q- (201)
(式中、D1は、式(2a):
で示される側鎖に含フッ素エーテル基を有するエーテル単位;
FAEは、式(2b):
で示される側鎖にフッ素化アルキル基を有するエーテル単位;
AEは、式(2c):
で示されるエーテル単位;
Yは、式(2d-1)~(2d-3):
nは0~200の整数;mは0~200の整数;pは0~10000の整数;qは1~100の整数;ただしn+mは0ではなく、D1、FAE、AE及びYの結合順序は特定されない);
A及びBは同じか又は異なり、水素原子、フッ素原子及び/又は架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいアルキル基、フッ素原子及び/又は架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいフェニル基、-COOH基、-OR(Rは水素原子又はフッ素原子及び/又は架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいアルキル基)、エステル基又はカーボネート基(ただし、Dの末端が酸素原子の場合は-COOH基、-OR、エステル基及びカーボネート基ではない)]
で表される側鎖に含フッ素基を有する非晶性含フッ素ポリエーテル化合物である。
HFの含有量は、10ppm以上がより好ましく、20ppm以上が更に好ましい。HFの含有量はまた、100ppm以下がより好ましく、80ppm以下が更に好ましく、50ppm以下が特に好ましい。
HFの含有量は、中和滴定法により測定することができる。
本発明は、本発明の電解液を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池でもある。本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、低抵抗で、かつサイクル特性に優れる。
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、正極、負極、及び、上述の電解液を備える。
正極は、正極活物質を含む正極活物質層と、集電体とから構成される。
式:LiaMn2-bM1 bO4(式中、0.9≦a;0≦b≦1.5;M1はFe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、Cr、V、Ti、Mg、Ca、Sr、B、Ga、In、Si及びGeよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属)で表されるリチウム・マンガンスピネル複合酸化物、
式:LiNi1-cM2 cO2(式中、0≦c≦0.5;M2はFe、Co、Mn、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、Cr、V、Ti、Mg、Ca、Sr、B、Ga、In、Si及びGeよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属)で表されるリチウム・ニッケル複合酸化物、又は、
式:LiCo1-dM3 dO2(式中、0≦d≦0.5;M3はFe、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、Cr、V、Ti、Mg、Ca、Sr、B、Ga、In、Si及びGeよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属)で表されるリチウム・コバルト複合酸化物が挙げられる。
なお、本発明では、タップ密度は、正極活物質粉体5~10gを10mlのガラス製メスシリンダーに入れ、ストローク約20mmで200回タップした時の粉体充填密度(タップ密度)g/cm3として求める。
上記正極活物質の粒子は、二次粒子の平均粒子径が40μm以下で、かつ、平均一次粒子径が1μm以下の微粒子を、0.5~7.0体積%含むものであることが好ましい。平均一次粒子径が1μm以下の微粒子を含有させることにより、電解液との接触面積が大きくなり、電極と電解液との間でのリチウムイオンの拡散をより速くすることができ、その結果、電池の出力性能を向上させることができる。
上記結着剤としては、電極製造時に使用する溶媒や電解液に対して安全な材料であれば、任意のものを使用することができ、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、芳香族ポリアミド、キトサン、アルギン酸、ポリアクリル酸、ポリイミド、セルロース、ニトロセルロース等の樹脂系高分子;SBR(スチレン・ブタジエンゴム)、イソプレンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、フッ素ゴム、NBR(アクリロニトリル・ブタジエンゴム)、エチレン・プロピレンゴム等のゴム状高分子;スチレン・ブタジエン・スチレンブロック共重合体又はその水素添加物;EPDM(エチレン・プロピレン・ジエン三元共重合体)、スチレン・エチレン・ブタジエン・スチレン共重合体、スチレン・イソプレン・スチレンブロック共重合体又はその水素添加物等の熱可塑性エラストマー状高分子;シンジオタクチック-1,2-ポリブタジエン、ポリ酢酸ビニル、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、プロピレン・α-オレフィン共重合体等の軟質樹脂状高分子;ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体、テトラフルオロエチレン・エチレン共重合体等のフッ素系高分子;アルカリ金属イオン(特にリチウムイオン)のイオン伝導性を有する高分子組成物等が挙げられる。これらは、1種を単独で用いても、2種以上を任意の組み合わせ及び比率で併用してもよい。
負極は、負極活物質を含む負極活物質層と、集電体とから構成される。
また、Si又はSnを第一の構成元素とし、それに加えて第2、第3の構成元素を含む複合材料が挙げられる。第2の構成元素は、例えば、コバルト、鉄、マグネシウム、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、マンガン、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、ガリウム及びジルコニウムのうち少なくとも1種である。第3の構成元素は、例えば、ホウ素、炭素、アルミニウム及びリンのうち少なくとも1種である。
特に、高い電池容量及び優れた電池特性が得られることから、上記金属材料として、ケイ素又はスズの単体(微量の不純物を含んでよい)、SiOv(0<v≦2)、SnOw(0≦w≦2)、Si-Co-C複合材料、Si-Ni-C複合材料、Sn-Co-C複合材料、Sn-Ni-C複合材料が好ましい。
LixTiyMzO4
[式中、Mは、Na、K、Co、Al、Fe、Ti、Mg、Cr、Ga、Cu、Zn及びNbからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を表わす。]
で表される化合物であることが好ましい。
上記組成の中でも、
(i)1.2≦x≦1.4、1.5≦y≦1.7、z=0
(ii)0.9≦x≦1.1、1.9≦y≦2.1、z=0
(iii)0.7≦x≦0.9、2.1≦y≦2.3、z=0
の構造が、電池性能のバランスが良好なため特に好ましい。
水系溶媒としては、水、アルコール等が挙げられ、有機系溶媒としてはN-メチルピロリドン(NMP)、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸メチル、アクリル酸メチル、ジエチルトリアミン、N,N-ジメチルアミノプロピルアミン、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、トルエン、アセトン、ジエチルエーテル、ジメチルアセトアミド、ヘキサメチルホスファルアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ベンゼン、キシレン、キノリン、ピリジン、メチルナフタレン、ヘキサン等が挙げられる。
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、更に、セパレータを備えることが好ましい。
上記セパレータの材質や形状は、電解液に安定であり、かつ、保液性に優れていれば特に限定されず、公知のものを使用することができる。なかでも、本発明の電解液に対し安定な材料で形成された、樹脂、ガラス繊維、無機物等が用いられ、保液性に優れた多孔性シート又は不織布状の形態の物等を用いるのが好ましい。
電極群は、上記の正極板と負極板とを上記のセパレータを介してなる積層構造のもの、及び上記の正極板と負極板とを上記のセパレータを介して渦巻き状に捲回した構造のもののいずれでもよい。電極群の体積が電池内容積に占める割合(以下、電極群占有率と称する)は、通常40%以上であり、50%以上が好ましく、また、通常90%以下であり、80%以下が好ましい。
(EMImBOBの合成)
反応容器に脱水ジクロロメタン及び1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムクロライドを仕込み、リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレートを添加して反応させた。その後、減圧濃縮し、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製して、式:
出発物質を1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムクロライドから1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムクロライドに変更したこと以外は上記合成方法と同様にして、式:
エチレンカーボネート(EC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)及びジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を体積比が30/30/40となるように混合し、これに電解液中の各イオンが表1に記載の濃度となるようにイオン源を添加して、非水電解液を得た。具体的には、以下のように添加した。
実施例1は化合物(I)を4.0×10-4M、LiPF6を1.0M添加した。
実施例2は化合物(I)を4.0×10-3M、LiPF6を1.0M添加した。
実施例3は化合物(I)を2.0×10-2M、LiPF6を1.0M添加した。
実施例4は化合物(I)を4.0×10-2M、LiPF6を1.0M添加した。
実施例5は化合物(I)を8.0×10-2M、LiPF6を1.0M添加した。
実施例6は化合物(I)を2.0×10-1M、LiPF6を1.0M添加した。
実施例7は化合物(I)を4.0×10-1M、LiPF6を1.0M添加した。
実施例8は化合物(I)を4.8×10-1M、LiPF6を1.0M添加した。
実施例9は化合物(II)を2.0×10-2M、LiPF6を1.0M添加した。
実施例12、13は化合物(I)を2.0×10-2M、LiPF6を1.0M添加した。
実施例14~20は化合物(II)を2.0×10-2M、LiPF6を1.0M添加した。
BOB:
VEC:ビニルエチレンカーボネート
FEC:フルオロエチレンカーボネート
DFEC:ジフルオロエチレンカーボネート
[正極の作製]
正極活物質としてのLi(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2(NMC)93質量%と、導電材としてのアセチレンブラック3質量%と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)4質量%とを、N-メチルピロリドン溶媒中で混合して、スラリー化した。得られたスラリーを、予め導電助剤を塗布した厚さ15μmのアルミ箔の片面に塗布して、乾燥し、プレス機にてロールプレスしたものを、活物質層のサイズとして幅50mm、長さ30mm、及び幅5mm、長さ9mmの未塗工部を有する形状に切り出して正極とした。
炭素質材料(グラファイト)98質量部に、増粘剤及びバインダーとして、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムの水性ディスパージョン(カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムの濃度1質量%)1質量部及びスチレン-ブタジエンゴムの水性ディスパージョン(スチレン-ブタジエンゴムの濃度50質量%)1質量部を加え、ディスパーザーで混合してスラリー化した。得られたスラリーを厚さ10μmの銅箔に塗布して乾燥し、プレス機で圧延したものを、活物質層のサイズとして幅52mm、長さ32mm、及び幅5mm、長さ9mmの未塗工部を有する形状に切り出して負極とした。
上記の正極を厚さ20μmの微孔性ポリエチレンフィルム(セパレータ)を介して正極と負極を対向させ、上記で得られた非水電解液を注入し、上記非水電解液がセパレータ等に充分に浸透した後、封止し予備充電、エージングを行い、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
[高温サイクル特性試験]
上記で製造したリチウムイオン二次電池を、板で挟み加圧した状態で、60℃において、1Cに相当する電流で4.3Vまで定電流-定電圧充電(以下、CC/CV充電と表記する。)(0.1Cカット)した後、1Cの定電流で3Vまで放電し、これを1サイクルとして、3サイクル目の放電容量から初期放電容量を求めた。再度サイクルを行い、200サイクル後の放電容量をサイクル後の容量とした。初期放電容量に対する200サイクル後の放電容量の割合を求め、これをサイクル容量保持率(%)とした。
(200サイクル後の放電容量)÷(初期放電容量)×100=容量保持率(%)
結果を表1に示す。
初期放電容量の評価が終了した電池を、25℃にて、1Cの定電流で初期放電容量の半分の容量となるよう充電した。これを2.0Cで放電させ、その10秒時の電圧を測定した。放電時の電圧の降下から抵抗を算出し、IV抵抗とした。
結果を表1に示す。
Claims (11)
- 一般式(1)において、R1及びR2の少なくとも一方がメチル基である請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液。
- 一般式(1-1)において、R1及びR2の少なくとも一方がメチル基である請求項4記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液。
- イミダゾリウムカチオン(1-1)の濃度が1.0×10-5~1.0mol/Lであり、ビス(オキサラト)ボレートアニオンの濃度が1.0×10-5~1.0mol/Lであり、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートアニオンの濃度が0.01~1.5mol/Lである請求項4、5又は6記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液。
- 更に、塩化物イオンを含む請求項1、2、3、4、5、6又は7記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液。
- 塩化物イオンの濃度が1.0×10-6~1.0×103ppmである請求項8記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電解液。
- 請求項1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8又は9記載の電解液を備えることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 請求項10記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を備えることを特徴とするモジュール。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/641,396 US11626618B2 (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2018-07-12 | Electrolyte for lithium ion secondary battery, lithium ion secondary battery, and module |
PL18848321.8T PL3651255T3 (pl) | 2017-08-25 | 2018-07-12 | Elektrolit do litowo-jonowej baterii akumulatorowej, litowo-jonowa bateria akumulatorowa oraz moduł |
EP18848321.8A EP3651255B1 (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2018-07-12 | Electrolyte for lithium ion secondary battery, lithium ion secondary battery, and module |
JP2019537983A JP6787496B2 (ja) | 2017-08-25 | 2018-07-12 | リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール |
CN201880024500.5A CN110495042B (zh) | 2017-08-25 | 2018-07-12 | 锂离子二次电池用电解液、锂离子二次电池和组件 |
KR1020207004504A KR102422502B1 (ko) | 2017-08-25 | 2018-07-12 | 리튬 이온 이차 전지용 전해액, 리튬 이온 이차 전지 및 모듈 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017162741 | 2017-08-25 | ||
JP2017-162741 | 2017-08-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2019039130A1 true WO2019039130A1 (ja) | 2019-02-28 |
Family
ID=65438848
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2018/026382 WO2019039130A1 (ja) | 2017-08-25 | 2018-07-12 | リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11626618B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3651255B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6787496B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102422502B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN110495042B (ja) |
HU (1) | HUE062380T2 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL3651255T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2019039130A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2020140826A (ja) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-09-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール |
WO2020175511A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-09-03 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111640989A (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-09-08 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | 一种降低钛酸锂电芯产气的电解液 |
CN117239230B (zh) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-06-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种锂离子电池电解液添加剂、锂离子电池电解液及其制备方法 |
WO2024118808A1 (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-06-06 | Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc. | Compounds for enhancing the solid-electrolyte interphase (sei) of silicon-based anode materials in lithium-ion batteries, and electrolytes, batteries, and methods relating thereto |
KR20240085891A (ko) * | 2022-12-08 | 2024-06-17 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01194313A (ja) | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-04 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | 電解コンデンサ用電解液 |
JPH04506726A (ja) | 1990-03-29 | 1992-11-19 | ドウティー エレクトロニック コンポーネンツ リミテッド | 電池及びその製造方法 |
JPH08507407A (ja) | 1993-03-05 | 1996-08-06 | ベル コミュニケーションズ リサーチ インコーポレーテッド | ハイブリッド重合体電解質を用いた再充電可能リチウム挿入電池 |
JPH08222270A (ja) | 1994-12-13 | 1996-08-30 | Japan Energy Corp | イオン伝導体 |
JPH10294131A (ja) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-11-04 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | ポリマー電解質を有するリチウム電池 |
JPH1135765A (ja) | 1997-07-24 | 1999-02-09 | Sharp Corp | 高分子固体電解質とその製造方法 |
JPH1186630A (ja) | 1997-09-16 | 1999-03-30 | Yuasa Corp | ゲル電解質 |
JPH11233141A (ja) | 1997-12-02 | 1999-08-27 | Denso Corp | 難燃性電解液および非水電解液二次電池 |
JPH11283669A (ja) | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-15 | Denso Corp | 難燃性電解液および非水電解液二次電池 |
JP2002100405A (ja) | 2000-09-20 | 2002-04-05 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | ゲル状高分子固体電解質用樹脂組成物およびゲル状高分子固体電解質 |
JP2004301934A (ja) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-28 | Toshiba Matsushita Display Technology Co Ltd | 液晶表示装置の製造方法 |
JP2008218487A (ja) | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-18 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 電気化学キャパシタ用電解液及びこれを用いた電気化学キャパシタ |
CN103094610A (zh) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-05-08 | 江西优锂新材股份有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池用离子液体混合电解质 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10026565A1 (de) * | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-06 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Ionische Flüssigkeiten |
JP5076280B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-04 | 2012-11-21 | ソニー株式会社 | 非水二次電池用電解液および非水二次電池 |
JP2012054156A (ja) | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-15 | Sony Corp | 二次電池用電解液、二次電池、電動工具、電気自動車および電力貯蔵システム |
JP5120513B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2013-01-16 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池及びリチウムイオン二次電池用非水電解液 |
CN105826596B (zh) | 2015-01-22 | 2020-11-06 | 微宏动力系统(湖州)有限公司 | 离子液体的制备方法及二次电池 |
US10312551B2 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2019-06-04 | Microvast Power Systems Co., Ltd. | Preparation method of ionic liquids and secondary batteries |
-
2018
- 2018-07-12 JP JP2019537983A patent/JP6787496B2/ja active Active
- 2018-07-12 EP EP18848321.8A patent/EP3651255B1/en active Active
- 2018-07-12 PL PL18848321.8T patent/PL3651255T3/pl unknown
- 2018-07-12 HU HUE18848321A patent/HUE062380T2/hu unknown
- 2018-07-12 CN CN201880024500.5A patent/CN110495042B/zh active Active
- 2018-07-12 US US16/641,396 patent/US11626618B2/en active Active
- 2018-07-12 KR KR1020207004504A patent/KR102422502B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2018-07-12 WO PCT/JP2018/026382 patent/WO2019039130A1/ja unknown
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01194313A (ja) | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-04 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | 電解コンデンサ用電解液 |
JPH04506726A (ja) | 1990-03-29 | 1992-11-19 | ドウティー エレクトロニック コンポーネンツ リミテッド | 電池及びその製造方法 |
JPH08507407A (ja) | 1993-03-05 | 1996-08-06 | ベル コミュニケーションズ リサーチ インコーポレーテッド | ハイブリッド重合体電解質を用いた再充電可能リチウム挿入電池 |
JPH08222270A (ja) | 1994-12-13 | 1996-08-30 | Japan Energy Corp | イオン伝導体 |
JPH10294131A (ja) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-11-04 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | ポリマー電解質を有するリチウム電池 |
JPH1135765A (ja) | 1997-07-24 | 1999-02-09 | Sharp Corp | 高分子固体電解質とその製造方法 |
JPH1186630A (ja) | 1997-09-16 | 1999-03-30 | Yuasa Corp | ゲル電解質 |
JPH11233141A (ja) | 1997-12-02 | 1999-08-27 | Denso Corp | 難燃性電解液および非水電解液二次電池 |
JPH11283669A (ja) | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-15 | Denso Corp | 難燃性電解液および非水電解液二次電池 |
JP2002100405A (ja) | 2000-09-20 | 2002-04-05 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | ゲル状高分子固体電解質用樹脂組成物およびゲル状高分子固体電解質 |
JP2004301934A (ja) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-28 | Toshiba Matsushita Display Technology Co Ltd | 液晶表示装置の製造方法 |
JP2008218487A (ja) | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-18 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 電気化学キャパシタ用電解液及びこれを用いた電気化学キャパシタ |
CN103094610A (zh) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-05-08 | 江西优锂新材股份有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池用离子液体混合电解质 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
LARUSH, L. ET AL.: "On the thermal behavior of model Li-LixCoO2 systems containing ionic liquids in standard electrolyte solutions", JOURNAL OF POWER SOURC ES, vol. 189, 2009, pages 217 - 223, XP025982689, DOI: doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.09.099 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2020140826A (ja) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-09-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール |
WO2020175511A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-09-03 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール |
JPWO2020175511A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-27 | 2021-12-09 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール |
JP7116351B2 (ja) | 2019-02-27 | 2022-08-10 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN110495042B (zh) | 2022-12-16 |
KR102422502B1 (ko) | 2022-07-20 |
KR20200030579A (ko) | 2020-03-20 |
PL3651255T3 (pl) | 2023-09-04 |
JP6787496B2 (ja) | 2020-11-18 |
JPWO2019039130A1 (ja) | 2019-11-21 |
CN110495042A (zh) | 2019-11-22 |
US11626618B2 (en) | 2023-04-11 |
HUE062380T2 (hu) | 2023-11-28 |
EP3651255A4 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
EP3651255A1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
US20200203769A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
EP3651255B1 (en) | 2023-04-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2019031315A1 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
JP6831409B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
JP7116351B2 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
EP3651255B1 (en) | Electrolyte for lithium ion secondary battery, lithium ion secondary battery, and module | |
JP7307361B2 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
WO2019188207A1 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池、モジュール及び化合物 | |
JP7168897B2 (ja) | 化合物、組成物、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
JP6451892B1 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
JP2022130409A (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
WO2019082543A1 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
KR102508018B1 (ko) | 전해액, 전기 화학 디바이스, 리튬 이온 이차 전지 및 모듈 | |
JP7277701B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池用電解液、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
JP2019087497A (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
WO2019093159A1 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
WO2019093160A1 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
WO2019102782A1 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
WO2019208246A1 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
JP2019087498A (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
JP2019185979A (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
JP2019175774A (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
WO2019093161A1 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
JP2019114419A (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
JP2019114418A (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール | |
JP7436880B2 (ja) | 電解液、二次電池及びモジュール | |
WO2019138815A1 (ja) | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウムイオン二次電池及びモジュール |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 18848321 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2019537983 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20207004504 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2018848321 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20200207 |