WO2019038458A1 - Transmisión centrífuga de impactos - Google Patents
Transmisión centrífuga de impactos Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019038458A1 WO2019038458A1 PCT/ES2017/070790 ES2017070790W WO2019038458A1 WO 2019038458 A1 WO2019038458 A1 WO 2019038458A1 ES 2017070790 W ES2017070790 W ES 2017070790W WO 2019038458 A1 WO2019038458 A1 WO 2019038458A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- transmission
- lever
- arms
- aligned
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D43/00—Automatic clutches
- F16D43/02—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically
- F16D43/22—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by both speed and torque
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H21/00—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
- F16H21/10—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
- F16H21/12—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for conveying rotary motion
- F16H21/14—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for conveying rotary motion by means of cranks, eccentrics, or like members fixed to one rotary member and guided along tracks on the other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H29/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with intermittently-driving members, e.g. with freewheel action
- F16H29/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with intermittently-driving members, e.g. with freewheel action between one of the shafts and an oscillating or reciprocating intermediate member, not rotating with either of the shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H29/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with intermittently-driving members, e.g. with freewheel action
- F16H29/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with intermittently-driving members, e.g. with freewheel action between rotary driving and driven members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H33/00—Gearings based on repeated accumulation and delivery of energy
- F16H33/02—Rotary transmissions with mechanical accumulators, e.g. weights, springs, intermittently-connected flywheels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a centrifugal transmission system, between two parallel rotary axes, by the impact of the elements of both axes. It is applicable in the mechanics and mechanical power transmission industry.
- This type of transmissions are very used because they allow to transmit the power with variable ratios (in gearboxes), with change of orientation (in conical gears), or even convert a rotary movement into a linear one (with a rack).
- the invention consists of a centrifugal impact transmission according to the claims.
- the transmission is of the type comprising a drive shaft with one or more rotors that transmit their power to one or more driven axles.
- each rotor comprises one or more arms joined to it by a joint.
- a mass At the free end of each arm is a mass, which can have free rotation on an axis parallel to the motor shaft or low friction material, but of sufficient strength
- the driven axles have levers aligned with the rotors, so that each driven shaft carries at least one lever aligned with a rotor, and each arm has at least one lever aligned in its turn.
- the levers are attached to its driven shaft by means of a unidirectional clutch, to transmit only the movement in one direction.
- the levers have separate return mechanisms, for example springs.
- the only difference between both possibilities is the possibility of disconnecting independent rotors using optional disconnect clutches, while it is not possible to disconnect individual levels of the same rotating body.
- the optional disconnect clutches allow to vary the output ratio or connect or connect the different axes dragged as necessary. For example, if a driven shaft is only connected to a rotor, disconnecting that rotor allows isolating that driven shaft.
- the motor shaft will carry two or more rotors, or a rotor with two or more levels, with an equal number of arms distributed homogeneously. That is, the lag between two consecutive impacts is constant.
- the arms be curved, ensuring that the two surfaces are as perpendicular as possible at the moment of impact, and also in the most radial position possible.
- the recoil of the levers be between 10 and 30 °.
- Figure 1 Perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 2 Top view of the embodiment of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 Perspective view of a second embodiment.
- the embodiment shown in the figures comprises a rotor (1) with two levels, with a plurality of arms (2) topped in a mass (3).
- the arms (2) are joined to the center of the rotor (1) by means of two joints (4), with freedom of rotation on them. If desired, the stroke of the arms (2) within the desired range can be limited by the corresponding stops (not shown).
- Both rotors (1) represented are located on the same motor shaft (5) and are integral with it. However, the rotors (1) can comprise clutches that activate or deactivate the rotation of each rotor (1) independently.
- the transmission of the figures also comprises a driven shaft (6), parallel to the motor shaft (5), with a series of levers (7).
- the levers (7) are connected to the driven shaft (6) by a unidirectional clutch (not visible). That is, the rotation of the lever (7) is transmitted to the driven shaft (6) in only one direction. On the other hand, in the opposite direction the lever (7) rotates independently of the driven shaft (6).
- a unidirectional clutch (not visible). That is, the rotation of the lever (7) is transmitted to the driven shaft (6) in only one direction. On the other hand, in the opposite direction the lever (7) rotates independently of the driven shaft (6).
- An example of this type of clutch known in the art, is a ratchet mechanism or a unidirectional bearing.
- Each lever (7) has a return mechanism (8), which in figures 1 and 2 is represented as helical spring. However, they can also be torsion springs, sheet springs ... or any other known in the art. The type of spring and the position where the other end is attached may be relevant. For example, a torsion spring attached to the driven shaft (6) is preferred over the illustrated spring.
- Figure 3 shows a new form of return mechanism, usable when the number of levers (7) on a driven shaft (7) is greater than two, since it requires joining in pairs two levers (7). Any odd lever (7) would have to use some kind of spring.
- the return mechanism (8) of figure 3 comprises a swing (81) joined by connecting rods (82) to the levers (7).
- the oscillation (81) is articulated in the center, so that the impact on a lever (7) transmits the oscillating movement (81) that advances the other lever (7) of the pair. It implies that the two levers can not be impacted at the same time, but require a certain minimum lag.
- each rotor (1) causes the centrifugal force to separate the masses (3) from the motor shaft (5), by rotating its respective arm (2) on the joint (4).
- the mass (2) hits the lever (7) that absorbs the energy moving backwards, producing the rotation of the driven shaft (6).
- the movement of the lever (7) can be regulated, but it is preferred that it is not excessive to allow time for its return. A recommended value is 20o.
- the return of the lever (7) to its rest position is not transmitted to the driven shaft (6) by the unidirectional clutch.
- Figure 2 shows the position of the two levers (7) of figure 1, one of them in the resting position and the other in the position after the impact.
- the invention can also be applied to several driven axles (6) and levers (7), in any combination: - A driven shaft (6) with as many levers (7) as rotors (1), and aligned with them. - Two or more axles dragged (6), each one as many levers (7) as rotors (1), and aligned with these. - Two or more axles dragged (6), each with a lever (7) aligned with a different rotor (1). - Several axles dragged (6), each with a number of levers (7) aligned with all or part of the rotors (1).
- each of these combinations of driven axles (6) and levers (7) offers different outputs on each driven axle (6).
- the result is a single movement of the driven shaft (6) for each turn of the rotor ( 1), so that the output can be considered "step by step".
- the transmission comprises six arms (2) in each rotor (1) or level and three rotors (1) or three levels of arms (2) are arranged, the driven shaft (6) receives 18 impacts per revolution. If the lever (7) moves back by 20o, it is equivalent to one revolution of the driven shaft (6) for each revolution of the motor shaft (5). A greater number of rotors (1) and levers (7) allows to increase the exit speed.
- Another way to vary the output of the driven shaft (6) is to vary the length of the arms (2) or levers (7), the weight of the mass (3) and the recoil movement of the lever (7). In any case, it is recommended that the number of arms (2) per rotor is not greater than six to allow time for the return of the lever (7).
- the mass (3) can include a bearing so that the impact on the lever (7) does not have friction. It can also be a low friction material, but with high resistance to impact and abrasion.
- the shape of the arm (2), curved in the figures, can also vary to control the angle of impact. Equally, it may be advantageous to include a guide (not shown) that directs the deployment of the arms (2) after the impact. This guide may, for example, keep the arm (2) folded until a moment before the impact, for example 90 ° of rotation of the rotor (1), achieving that the centrifugal force is maximum with its accumulated potential energy.
- the arms (2) of the different rotors (1) are out of phase, with the impacts perfectly distributed.
- the lag between the different arms (2) can be varied: - If all the arms (2) impact on the levers (7) of the same driven shaft (6) at the same time, the turn will be reduced, but the torque will be high. - If the impacts are evenly distributed, that is, distributed so that the time between two consecutive impacts is the same, the motor shaft is slowed down (5).
- flywheels in that driven shaft (6) that requires it to stabilize the output and store kinetic energy.
- the axes (5,6) will generally be arranged vertically, but other arrangements are possible. For example, if the position is horizontal, it is preferred that the impact on the levers (7) be in the downward movement of the arm (2).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Un eje arrastrado (6) con tantas palancas (7) como rotores (1), y alineadas con éstos.
- Dos o más ejes arrastrados (6), cada uno tantas palancas (7) como rotores (1), y alineadas con éstos.
- Dos o más ejes arrastrados (6), cada uno con una palanca (7) alineada con un rotor (1) diferente.
- Varios ejes arrastrados (6), cada uno con un número de palancas (7) alineadas con todos o parte de los rotores (1).
- Si todos los brazos (2) impactan sobre las palancas (7) del mismo eje arrastrado (6) a la vez, el giro será reducido, pero el par será elevado.
- Si los impactos se distribuyen homogéneamente, es decir repartidos para que el tiempo entre dos impactos consecutivos sea el mismo, se frena menos el eje motor (5).
Claims (12)
- Transmisión centrífuga de impactos, entre un eje motor (1) con uno o más rotores (1) y uno o más ejes arrastrados (6) paralelos al eje motor (1), caracterizada porque:cada rotor (1) comprende uno o más brazos (2) unidos al rotor (1) por una articulación (4) y con una masa (3) en su extremo libre;cada eje arrastrado (6) comprende al menos una palanca (7), unida al eje arrastrado (6) mediante un embrague unidireccional, y alineada con un rotor (1), teniendo la palanca (7) un mecanismo de retorno (8);de forma que cada brazo (2) tiene alineada al menos una palanca (7); yel giro de cada rotor (1) produce el impacto sucesivo de sus brazos (2) sobre cada palanca (7) alineada con el rotor (1).
- Transmisión, según la reivindicación 1, donde al menos un rotor (1) posee un embrague de desconexión del eje motor (5).
- Transmisión, según la reivindicación 1, que comprende dos o más rotores (1) con igual número de brazos (2) distribuidos homogéneamente.
- Transmisión, según la reivindicación 1, que comprende un único rotor (1) con un único brazo (2) por cada eje arrastrado (6).
- Transmisión, según la reivindicación 1, que comprende dos o más ejes arrastrados (6).
- Transmisión, según la reivindicación 1, cuyas masas (3) tienen giro libre sobre un eje paralelo al eje motor (5).
- Transmisión, según la reivindicación 1, cuyos brazos (2) son curvos.
- Transmisión, según la reivindicación 1, cuyas palancas (7) tienen un retroceso de entre 10 y 30º.
- Transmisión, según la reivindicación 1, donde al menos un rotor (1) distribuye sus brazos (2) en dos o más niveles.
- Transmisión, según la reivindicación 1, que posee una guía del recorrido de las masas (3).
- Transmisión, según la reivindicación 10, cuya guía mantiene el brazo (2) plegado hasta un punto cercano al de impacto.
- Transmisión, según la reivindicación 1, que posee un volante de inercia en al menos un eje arrastrado (6).
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2017428687A AU2017428687A1 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-30 | Centrifugal impact transmission |
KR1020207008390A KR20200074095A (ko) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-30 | 원심 충격 트랜스미션 |
EP17922105.6A EP3748198A4 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-30 | Centrifugal crash gear |
BR112020003768-0A BR112020003768A2 (pt) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-30 | transmissão centrífuga de impactos |
CA3078431A CA3078431A1 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-30 | Centrifugal impact transmission |
US16/640,476 US11448296B2 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-30 | Centrifugal impact transmission |
RU2020111706A RU2760758C2 (ru) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-30 | Центробежная ударная передача |
JP2020531821A JP2020531773A (ja) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-30 | 遠心衝突型トランスミッション |
MX2020002047A MX2020002047A (es) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-30 | Transmision centrifuga de impactos. |
CN201780096132.0A CN111542709A (zh) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-30 | 离心冲击传动装置 |
CONC2020/0003292A CO2020003292A2 (es) | 2017-08-21 | 2020-03-20 | Transmisión centrífuga de impactos |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES2017070583 | 2017-08-21 | ||
ESPCT/ES2017/070583 | 2017-08-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2019038458A1 true WO2019038458A1 (es) | 2019-02-28 |
Family
ID=65438433
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2017/070790 WO2019038458A1 (es) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-30 | Transmisión centrífuga de impactos |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11448296B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP3748198A4 (es) |
JP (1) | JP2020531773A (es) |
KR (1) | KR20200074095A (es) |
CN (1) | CN111542709A (es) |
AR (1) | AR112861A1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU2017428687A1 (es) |
BR (1) | BR112020003768A2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA3078431A1 (es) |
CL (1) | CL2020000441A1 (es) |
CO (1) | CO2020003292A2 (es) |
EC (1) | ECSP20019892A (es) |
MX (1) | MX2020002047A (es) |
RU (1) | RU2760758C2 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2019038458A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112303203A (zh) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-02-02 | 何海龙 | 三重物内外螺旋轨道组合式动力蓄能驱动器 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB240259A (en) | 1924-02-14 | 1925-10-01 | Det Tekniske Forsogsktieselska | Improvements in yielding shaft-couplings |
FR601943A (fr) * | 1925-08-10 | 1926-03-10 | Appareil destiné à multiplier une force | |
US2225698A (en) * | 1939-02-08 | 1940-12-24 | Kollsman Paul | Power transmission device |
FR1128620A (fr) * | 1955-06-29 | 1957-01-08 | Renault | Convertisseur de couple à inertie |
WO2009058040A1 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-07 | Pais De Faria Jeronimo De Albuquerque | Force multiplying system and method |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1163789A (en) * | 1911-09-12 | 1915-12-14 | Ella L Barton | Intermittently-revolving mechanism. |
US2211464A (en) * | 1939-02-08 | 1940-08-13 | Kollsman Paul | Power transmission device |
US3552220A (en) * | 1969-03-19 | 1971-01-05 | Teradyne Components | Precision incremental stepping device |
USRE28122E (en) * | 1972-11-21 | 1974-08-20 | Speed reducing mechanism | |
GB1456892A (en) * | 1974-02-20 | 1976-12-01 | Tosi A | Device for transmitting rotation |
US3951005A (en) * | 1974-09-16 | 1976-04-20 | Dahltron Corporation | Multiple arm speed reducer |
US3930416A (en) * | 1974-09-16 | 1976-01-06 | Dahltron Corporation | Laminated drive arms for speed reducer |
US4091684A (en) * | 1974-11-15 | 1978-05-30 | Mathias Bauerle Gmbh | Variable speed control apparatus |
US4003457A (en) * | 1975-02-10 | 1977-01-18 | Dahltron Corporation | Clutch having oversized rollers |
SU1070358A1 (ru) * | 1981-07-02 | 1984-01-30 | Челябинский Политехнический Институт Им.Ленинского Комсомола | Инерционный трансформатор вращающего момента |
DE19633118C2 (de) * | 1996-08-16 | 2000-08-31 | Amazonen Werke Dreyer H | Stufenloses Getriebe, insbesondere für landwirtschaftliche Verteilmaschinen |
FR2767174B1 (fr) * | 1997-08-05 | 1999-09-10 | Alexandre Martenne | Dispositif de transformation de deux mouvements alternatifs en mouvement de rotation |
CN2355791Y (zh) * | 1999-02-03 | 1999-12-29 | 吴实 | 一种新型离心冲击破碎机 |
US7011322B2 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2006-03-14 | Beale William T | Automatic transmission with stepless, continuously variable speed and torque ratio |
WO2005001310A1 (de) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-06 | Planetenergy Limited | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur mechanischen kraftübertragung |
CN101836013B (zh) * | 2007-08-29 | 2013-03-27 | 动力4国家私人有限公司 | 动能积蓄器和包括动能积蓄器的能量传输系统 |
RU2012127153A (ru) * | 2009-12-04 | 2014-01-20 | Линак А/С | Линейный привод |
RU133892U1 (ru) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-10-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Омский государственный технический университет" | Соосный преобразователь движения |
JP6230056B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-20 | 2017-11-15 | 宮本 忠 | 発電システム |
JP5945584B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-07-05 | 賢一 小谷 | 動力伝達装置 |
RU165866U1 (ru) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-11-10 | Василий Евгеньевич Медведицын | Кривошипно-кулисный механизм |
CN107366775B (zh) * | 2016-05-13 | 2020-09-25 | 博格华纳公司 | 用于联动系统的偏置装置及其制造和使用方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-11-30 EP EP17922105.6A patent/EP3748198A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-11-30 RU RU2020111706A patent/RU2760758C2/ru active
- 2017-11-30 KR KR1020207008390A patent/KR20200074095A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-11-30 US US16/640,476 patent/US11448296B2/en active Active
- 2017-11-30 CN CN201780096132.0A patent/CN111542709A/zh active Pending
- 2017-11-30 AU AU2017428687A patent/AU2017428687A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-11-30 WO PCT/ES2017/070790 patent/WO2019038458A1/es unknown
- 2017-11-30 JP JP2020531821A patent/JP2020531773A/ja active Pending
- 2017-11-30 MX MX2020002047A patent/MX2020002047A/es unknown
- 2017-11-30 BR BR112020003768-0A patent/BR112020003768A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-11-30 CA CA3078431A patent/CA3078431A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2018
- 2018-08-21 AR ARP180102379A patent/AR112861A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
2020
- 2020-02-21 CL CL2020000441A patent/CL2020000441A1/es unknown
- 2020-03-20 CO CONC2020/0003292A patent/CO2020003292A2/es unknown
- 2020-03-20 EC ECSENADI202019892A patent/ECSP20019892A/es unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB240259A (en) | 1924-02-14 | 1925-10-01 | Det Tekniske Forsogsktieselska | Improvements in yielding shaft-couplings |
FR601943A (fr) * | 1925-08-10 | 1926-03-10 | Appareil destiné à multiplier une force | |
US2225698A (en) * | 1939-02-08 | 1940-12-24 | Kollsman Paul | Power transmission device |
FR1128620A (fr) * | 1955-06-29 | 1957-01-08 | Renault | Convertisseur de couple à inertie |
WO2009058040A1 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-07 | Pais De Faria Jeronimo De Albuquerque | Force multiplying system and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP3748198A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AR112861A1 (es) | 2019-12-26 |
CA3078431A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
CN111542709A (zh) | 2020-08-14 |
ECSP20019892A (es) | 2020-06-30 |
MX2020002047A (es) | 2020-03-24 |
CL2020000441A1 (es) | 2020-11-13 |
CO2020003292A2 (es) | 2020-06-19 |
EP3748198A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
BR112020003768A2 (pt) | 2020-09-01 |
JP2020531773A (ja) | 2020-11-05 |
RU2020111706A (ru) | 2021-09-23 |
RU2760758C2 (ru) | 2021-11-30 |
EP3748198A4 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
KR20200074095A (ko) | 2020-06-24 |
US20200217402A1 (en) | 2020-07-09 |
US11448296B2 (en) | 2022-09-20 |
RU2020111706A3 (es) | 2021-09-28 |
AU2017428687A1 (en) | 2020-04-16 |
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