WO2019029288A1 - 一种汽车轮式双面制动系统 - Google Patents

一种汽车轮式双面制动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019029288A1
WO2019029288A1 PCT/CN2018/093115 CN2018093115W WO2019029288A1 WO 2019029288 A1 WO2019029288 A1 WO 2019029288A1 CN 2018093115 W CN2018093115 W CN 2018093115W WO 2019029288 A1 WO2019029288 A1 WO 2019029288A1
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Prior art keywords
brake
hinged
braking
shaft
cam
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/093115
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
夏海龙
Original Assignee
湖北中尔车轴有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201710683986.0A external-priority patent/CN107387601B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201721000969.4U external-priority patent/CN207437627U/zh
Application filed by 湖北中尔车轴有限公司 filed Critical 湖北中尔车轴有限公司
Priority to DE112018004125.5T priority Critical patent/DE112018004125T5/de
Publication of WO2019029288A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019029288A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D49/00Brakes with a braking member co-operating with the periphery of a drum, wheel-rim, or the like
    • F16D49/16Brakes with two brake-blocks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D51/00Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like
    • F16D51/16Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis
    • F16D51/18Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes
    • F16D51/20Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes extending in opposite directions from their pivots
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D53/00Brakes with braking members co-operating with both the periphery and the inner surface of a drum, wheel-rim, or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D51/00Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like
    • F16D2051/001Parts or details of drum brakes
    • F16D2051/005Protective covers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/78Features relating to cooling
    • F16D65/80Features relating to cooling for externally-engaging brakes
    • F16D65/807Features relating to cooling for externally-engaging brakes with open cooling system, e.g. cooled by air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/78Features relating to cooling
    • F16D65/82Features relating to cooling for internally-engaging brakes
    • F16D65/827Features relating to cooling for internally-engaging brakes with open cooling system, e.g. cooled by air

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of automobile axle braking, and particularly relates to an automobile wheel double-sided braking system.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automobile wheel type double-sided braking system for the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the braking force is distributed inside and outside, the braking area is large, the braking performance can be improved, and the service life can be prolonged.
  • an automobile wheel type double-sided brake system comprising an axle and a hub, wherein the inner side of the hub is connected with a brake wheel that is synchronously operated, and the brake wheel is round a cylindrical structure, characterized in that a circumferentially holding brake shoe is arranged corresponding to the outer circumferential surface of the brake wheel, and the circumferentially holding brake shoe comprises a semi-circular left and right holding with an external return mechanism.
  • a shoe a circumferentially extending brake shoe is disposed corresponding to the inner circumferential surface of the brake wheel, and the circumferentially opened brake shoe includes a semi-circular left and right opening shoe with an internal return mechanism
  • the inner side of the brake wheel is provided with an inner and outer synchronous driving mechanism and a hinge positioning mechanism, and one ends of the left and right holding shoes and the left and right opening shoes are hinged ends, and are hinged with the hinge positioning mechanism
  • the other end is a tensioning driving end, which is arranged with the internal and external synchronous driving mechanism to realize synchronous braking in the brake wheel.
  • the internal and external synchronous driving mechanism includes a cam shaft support and an adjustment arm support which are disposed on the axle front and rear, and the camshaft support and the adjustment arm support are fitted with a camshaft, the cam The rear end of the shaft is connected to the adjusting arm, and the front end is spaced apart from the inner S-shaped cam and the outer S-shaped cam, and the outer S-shaped cam is disposed with the inner ends of the left and right brake arms hinged on the camshaft support, The outer ends of the left and right brake arms are connected to the tension driving ends of the left and right holding shoes, and the inner S-shaped cams are arranged with the sliding driving ends of the left and right opening shoes.
  • the outer end of the inner end surface of the left and right brake arms is provided with a driving block extending rearward, the middle end of the outer end surface is provided with a hinge shaft extending forward, and the lower end is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion, the driving The block is coupled to the tensioning drive end of the left and right holding shoes, the hinge shaft is hinged to the camshaft support, and the arcuate projection is disposed with the outer S-shaped cam.
  • the hinge ends of the left and right holding shoes are provided with a connecting arm extending in the circumferential direction, and the connecting arm is provided with an outer shaft shaft hole, and the left and right holding the shoe passes through the connecting arm.
  • the inner wall of the sliding driving end of the left and right holding shoes is provided with a driving groove arranged with the driving block, and the outer contour of the front side of the driving block is an involute, and the driving concave The front side of the groove is engaged, and the inner peripheral surface of the left and right holding shoes is provided with a friction plate.
  • the hinge ends of the left and right open flaps are respectively provided with inner shaft shaft holes, and the hinge positioning mechanism is hinged through the inner shoe shaft, and the left and right open flaps are driven by the opening and closing.
  • the ends of the ends are provided with rollers, which are arranged with the inner S-shaped cam, and the outer peripheral surfaces of the left and right open shoes are provided with friction plates.
  • the inner and outer S-shaped cams are composed of two arc-shaped wing blocks with increasing rotation radius which are symmetrically arranged at the center, and the rotation radius of the inner S-shaped cam is smaller than the rotation radius of the outer S-shaped cam, and the driving of the camshaft
  • the end is provided with a spline and is configured by the spline with the adjustment arm.
  • the camshaft support is an "L"-shaped plate-like structure, and includes a bottom plate and a support plate.
  • the bottom plate is connected to the axle, and the support plate upper portion is symmetrically provided with a hinge hole, and the lower center is provided.
  • the hinge positioning mechanism includes a shoe shaft bracket, and the shoe shaft bracket includes inner and outer hinged holes arranged in parallel at inner and outer sides, and a bottom of the inner hinged socket is fixedly connected to the axle.
  • the outer hinged hole seat is hinged with the connecting arms of the left and right holding shoes, and the inner hinged hole seat is hinged with the hinged ends of the left and right open shoes.
  • the external returning mechanism includes an outer return spring disposed at an outer end of the left and right gripping shoes, and a two-way between the connecting arm and the outer hinged seat.
  • a torsion spring and a spring reversing device comprising a reversing bracket, a reversing tension spring and a reversing return spring, wherein two sides of the bottom plate of the camshaft support are respectively opposite to one end of the reversing bracket Hinged, the two sides of the bottom of the inner hinged socket are respectively connected to one end of the reversing tension spring, and the tension driving ends of the left and right holding shoes are respectively connected with one end of the reversing return spring
  • the other end of the reversing tension spring is connected to the middle of the reversing bracket, and the other end of the reversing return spring is connected to the other end of the reversing bracket.
  • the inner returning mechanism comprises front and rear return springs disposed on the front and rear sides of the hinged ends of the left and right open flaps, and an inner return provided on the left and right open flaps of the driving end. Position spring.
  • the brake wheel is composed of an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder which are coaxially disposed, and the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are provided with a plurality of connecting ribs evenly spaced, and the plurality of connecting ribs are arranged between
  • the air gap forms a heat dissipation air passage
  • the outer circumferential surface of the outer cylinder is an outer braking surface
  • the inner circumferential surface of the inner cylinder is an inner braking surface
  • the outer and inner braking surfaces respectively hold the left and right holding shoes and left
  • the friction plate disposed on the right open flap is disposed, and the end faces of the brake wheel connected to the hub are circumferentially evenly spaced with a plurality of exhaust grooves.
  • the inner end of the brake wheel is provided with a wind guide dust cover
  • the air guide dust cover includes left and right cover bodies, and the upper and lower ends of the left and right cover bodies respectively correspond to the shoe
  • the shaft bracket and the camshaft support are connected, and the left and right windshields are respectively disposed on the left and right cover bodies.
  • the left and right covers each include a rear casing having an outer edge and an arc-shaped side casing disposed along an outer edge of the rear casing, and the rear casing is provided with an air inlet.
  • the left and right air hoods are "U"-shaped housing structures with a relatively small diameter, which are arranged corresponding to the air inlets.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1.
  • the structure of the outer circumference of the brake wheel and the structure of the inner circumference of the brake are provided, and the synchronous braking mechanism of the inner and outer holding type is adopted, and the braking force is distributed inside and outside, and the mechanism is set.
  • the workload is shared by two internal and external braking mechanisms, which not only eliminates the damage of the brake drum, but also ensures stable braking performance, and can significantly increase the friction area, shorten the braking distance and improve the efficiency of the vehicle braking;
  • the air-guide dust cover can not only reduce the wear caused by dust ingress, but also improve the heat dissipation efficiency, prolong the service life of the device, effectively solve the prominent contradiction between the braking force and the brake heat, and make the car brake stable. Sex and safety have been further improved and improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic exploded view of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an axial half cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a bottom plan view of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a shoe shaft bracket and a camshaft support according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a front elevational view of a shoe shaft bracket and camshaft support in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the assembly of the left and the left brake arms in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the left holding shoe in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a right brake arm in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of a camshaft in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of a brake wheel in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of a wind deflector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view showing the disassembly of the brake wheel and the hub according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an automobile wheel type double-sided brake system includes an axle 1 and a hub 3, and an inner side of the hub is connected with a brake wheel 2 that is synchronously operated, and the brake wheel has a cylindrical structure corresponding to
  • the outer circumferential surface of the brake wheel is provided with a circumferentially tightly holding brake shoe, and the circumferentially holding brake shoe comprises a semi-circular left-handed lifting shoe 4 and a right-holding shoe 5 with an external return mechanism, corresponding to
  • a circumferentially opened brake shoe is disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the brake wheel, and the circumferentially opened brake shoe includes a semi-circular left opening piece 7 and a right opening piece 8 with an internal return mechanism
  • the inner axle of the brake wheel is provided with an internal and external synchronous driving mechanism and an articulated positioning mechanism.
  • One ends of the left and right holding shoes and the left and right opening shoes are hinged ends, and are hinged to the hinge positioning mechanism, and the other end is
  • the combination drive end is arranged with the internal and external synchronous drive mechanism to realize the synchronous braking of the outer brake of the brake wheel.
  • the internal and external synchronous driving mechanism includes a camshaft support 19 and an adjustment arm support 20 which are arranged on the axle at a front and a rear, and the camshaft 21 and the camshaft are mounted on the camshaft support and the adjustment arm support.
  • the rear end is connected to the adjustment arm 26, and the front end is provided with an inner S-shaped cam 23 and an outer S-shaped cam 24, and the outer S-shaped cam is connected to the inner ends of the left brake arm 22 and the right brake arm 49 which are hinged on the camshaft support.
  • the outer ends of the left and right brake arms are connected with the tension driving ends of the left and right holding shoes, and the inner S-shaped cams are arranged with the sliding driving ends of the left and right opening shoes.
  • the outer end of the inner end surface of the left and right brake arms is provided with a driving block 28 extending rearward, a middle portion of the outer end surface is provided with a forwardly extending hinge shaft 29, and a lower end is provided with an arcuate projection 27 for driving the block to the left and right.
  • the tensioning drive ends of the holding shoes are connected, the hinge shaft is hinged with the cam shaft support, and the curved protrusions are arranged with the outer S-shaped cam.
  • the hinge ends of the left and right holding shoes are respectively provided with a connecting arm 15 extending in the circumferential direction, the connecting arm is provided with an outer shaft shaft hole, and the left and right holding shoes are passed through the outer shoe shaft 11 and the hinge positioning mechanism.
  • the inner wall of the sliding driving end of the left and right holding shoes is provided with a driving groove 17 disposed with the driving block, and the outer contour of the front side of the driving block is an involute, and the front of the driving groove The side faces are engaged, and the inner peripheral surface of the left and right holding shoes is provided with a friction plate 6.
  • the hinge ends of the left and right open flaps are respectively provided with inner shaft shaft holes, and the hinge positioning mechanism is hinged through the inner shoe shaft 12, and the ends of the left and right open flaps are respectively provided with rollers.
  • the inner and outer S-shaped cams are composed of two arc-shaped wing blocks with increasing radius of rotation arranged symmetrically at the center, the rotation radius of the inner S-shaped cam is smaller than the rotation radius of the outer S-shaped cam, and the driving end of the cam shaft is provided with splines 25 , through the spline and the adjustment arm phase configuration.
  • the camshaft support is an "L"-shaped plate-like structure, and includes a bottom plate 30 and a support plate 31.
  • the bottom plate is connected to the axle, and the hinged holes 32 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the support plate, and the lower center is provided.
  • the hinge positioning mechanism comprises a shoe shaft bracket 10, and the shoe shaft bracket comprises inner and outer hinged holes arranged in parallel at the inner and outer sides, the bottom of the inner hinged hole seat is fixedly connected with the axle, the outer hinged hole seat and the left and right holding the shoe
  • the connecting arms are hinged, and the inner hinged holes are hinged to the hinged ends of the left and right open flaps.
  • the external returning mechanism comprises an outer return spring 13 disposed at an outer end of the left and right holding shoes, and a two-way torsion spring 16 and a spring reversing device disposed between the connecting arm and the outer hinged seat, and the spring is replaced
  • the device includes a reversing bracket 35, a reversing tension spring 36 and a reversing return spring 37.
  • the two sides of the bottom plate of the camshaft support are respectively hinged with one end of the reversing bracket, and the bottom sides of the inner hinged socket are respectively replaced Connected to one end of the tension spring, the tension driving ends of the left and right holding shoes are respectively connected with one end of the reversing return spring, and the other end of the reversing tension spring is connected with the middle of the reversing bracket, and the reversing return spring The other end is connected to the other end of the reversing bracket.
  • the reversing return spring and the reversing tension spring only need to be compressed or stretched in the axial direction respectively, and the left and right gripping shoes are in the state of braking and holding back.
  • the reversing return spring and the reversing tension spring can all be located in the same straight line, which saves labor and convenience, avoids deformation of the spring and prolongs service life.
  • the inner return mechanism includes a front return spring 38 disposed on the front and rear sides of the hinged ends of the left and right open flaps, a rear return spring 39, and an inner return spring 14 disposed on the left and right open flap opening driving ends.
  • the brake wheel is composed of an outer cylinder 47 and an inner cylinder 48 which are coaxially arranged, and a plurality of connecting ribs 45 are disposed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and a plurality of connecting ribs are arranged.
  • the gap between the two forms a heat dissipating air passage 46.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the outer cylinder is an outer braking surface
  • the inner circumferential surface of the inner cylinder is an inner braking surface
  • the outer and inner braking surfaces are respectively held to the left and right by a shoe and left.
  • the friction plate disposed on the right opening piece is arranged, and the end faces of the braking wheel and the hub are provided with a plurality of exhaust grooves 9 evenly spaced in the circumferential direction.
  • the inner side of the brake wheel is provided with a wind guide dust cover, including a left cover body 40 and a right cover body 41.
  • the upper and lower ends of the left and right cover bodies are respectively connected with the shoe shaft support and the camshaft support, and the left and right covers are respectively
  • the left air hood 42 and the right air hood 43 are respectively provided on the body.
  • the left and right covers respectively comprise a rear casing having an outer edge and an arc-shaped side casing disposed along an outer edge of the rear casing, and the rear casing is provided with an air inlet 44, and the left and right air hoods are gradually enlarged.
  • a small "U"-shaped housing structure is provided corresponding to the air inlet.
  • the braking process is as follows: the inner S-shaped cam is located between the two rollers of the left and right open flaps, and the outer S-shaped cam is located between the two curved bumps of the left and right brake arms, the inner and outer S-shaped The left and right wing blocks of the cam cooperate with the roller and the curved protrusion respectively to rotate the camshaft.
  • the two wings of the inner S-shaped cam act on the two rollers respectively, the two rollers move relative to each other with the inner S-shaped cam, thereby driving the left Zhang
  • the opening piece and the right opening piece swing toward each other, and the front and rear return springs contract, and the left and right open shoes are outwardly opened, so that the open brake shoes form an increasingly tight braking state.
  • the two wings of the outer S-shaped cam respectively act on the two curved bumps, and the left and right brake arms rotate around the hinge axis, and the distance between the two curved bumps increases, and the two drives
  • the block also rotates synchronously in the driving groove, thereby driving the left and right holding shoes to swing relative to each other, and the outer returning position
  • the spring is compressed, and the left and right holding shoes are in an inwardly tightened state, so that the holding brake shoes form an increasingly tight braking state, when the distance between the two curved bumps is the largest, that is, outside
  • the two wing blocks of the S-type cam are at an angle of 180° to the two arc-shaped bumps.
  • the braking force of the brake shoes is maximized to complete the braking process of the vehicle; the rotary camshaft is between the two rollers.
  • the distance is the smallest, that is, the two wing blocks of the inner S-shaped cam are perpendicular to the two roller lines at an angle of 90°, the distance between the two rollers is the smallest, and the inner return spring is reset, at this time, the left open flap and the right Zhang
  • the opening piece is relatively rotated, and the circumferentially opened brake shoe is returned to the non-braking state in the circumferential gap with the brake wheel.
  • the distance between the two curved bumps is the smallest, that is, the outer S-type cam
  • the two wing blocks are perpendicular to the left and right curved bumps at an angle of 90°, and the outer return spring is reset.
  • the left and right holding shoes are turned toward each other, and the brake shoes are held in time to return to the system.

Abstract

一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,包括车轴(1)和轮毂(3),轮毂(3)的内侧连接与其同步运转的制动轮(2),其为圆筒体结构,制动轮(2)的外周面安设周向抱紧制动蹄(4,5),制动轮(2)的内周面安设周向张开制动蹄(7,8),制动轮(2)内侧的车轴(1)上设有内外同步驱动机构和铰接定位机构,周向抱紧制动蹄(4,5)和周向张开制动蹄(7,8)的一端均与铰接定位机构相铰接,另一端与内外同步驱动机构相配置,实现制动轮(2)内张外抱同步制动。制动轮(2)的内外制动面形成内张外抱的制动方式,大大增加了制动面积,有效缩短刹车距离,平均分配了制动部件受力强度,延长制动使用寿命,减少摩擦片磨损,避免制动发热。

Description

一种汽车轮式双面制动系统 技术领域
本发明属于汽车车桥制动的技术领域,尤其涉及一种汽车轮式双面制动系统。
背景技术
现有的载重汽车、载客汽车普遍使用鼓式制动或盘式制动,形成内张式制动形式,虽经多次改进其制动性能已趋完善,但在负荷较重以及下长坡减速或紧急制动的情况下,其摩擦发热快散热慢,制动距离长等弊端日益突出,成为车辆行驶中重大安全隐患。为了解决上述存在的问题,目前提出了一种周向抱紧制动结构及方式,但是现有的周向抱紧制动装置只能作用在制动轮的外周面,制动面积较小,刹车距离大,而且散热效率不高。无论是内张还是外抱式制动,都只是单机构的制动形式,制动性能都有待提高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术存在的不足而提供一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,制动力内外分配,制动面积大,可提高制动性能,延长使用寿命。
本发明为解决上述提出的问题所采用的技术方案是:一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,包括车轴和轮毂,所述轮毂的内侧连接与其同步运转的制动轮,制动轮为圆筒体结构,其特征在于,对应于制动轮的外周面安设周向抱紧制动蹄,周向抱紧制动蹄包括带有外回位机构的半圆弧形的左、右抱紧蹄片,对应于制动轮的内周面安设周向张开制动蹄,所述周向张开制动蹄包括带有内回位机构的半圆弧形的左、右张开蹄片,制动轮内侧的车轴上设有内外同步驱动机构和铰接定位机构,所述左、右抱紧蹄片和左、右张开蹄片的一端为铰接端,与所述铰接定位机构相铰接,另一端为张合驱动端,与所述内外同步驱动机构相配置,实现制动轮内张外抱同步制动。
按上述方案,所述内外同步驱动机构包括前后间隔设置在所述车轴上的凸轮轴支座和调整臂支座,所述凸轮轴支座和调整臂支座上穿装凸轮轴,所述凸轮轴的后端连接调整臂,前端间隔设置内S型凸轮和外S型凸轮,所述外S型凸轮与铰接于凸轮轴支座上的左、右制动臂的内端相配置,所述左、右制动臂的外端与所述左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端相连,所述内S型凸轮与所述左、右张开蹄片的张合驱动端相配置。
按上述方案,所述左、右制动臂的内侧端面的外端设有向后延伸的驱动块,外侧端面中部设有向前延伸的铰接轴,下端设有弧形凸块,所述驱动块与所述左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端相连,所述铰接轴与所述凸轮轴支座相铰接,所述弧形凸块与所述外S型凸轮相配置。
按上述方案,所述左、右抱紧蹄片的铰接端均设有沿周向延伸的连接臂,所述连接臂上 设有外蹄片轴孔,左、右抱紧蹄片通过连接臂与铰接定位机构相铰接,左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端的内壁上设有与驱动块相配置的驱动凹槽,驱动块的前侧面的外廓线为渐开线,与驱动凹槽的前侧面相啮合,左、右抱紧蹄片的内周面上设有摩擦片。
按上述方案,所述左、右张开蹄片的铰接端均设有内蹄片轴孔,与所述铰接定位机构通过内蹄片轴相铰接,左、右张开蹄片的张合驱动端的端头均设有滚轮,与所述内S型凸轮相配置,左、右张开蹄片的外周面上设有摩擦片。
按上述方案,所述内、外S型凸轮均由中心对称设置的两个旋转半径递增的弧形翼块组成,内S型凸轮的旋转半径小于外S型凸轮的旋转半径,凸轮轴的驱动端设有花键,通过花键与所述调整臂相配置。
按上述方案,所述凸轮轴支座为“L”型板状结构,包括底板和支承板,所述底板与所述车轴相连,所述支承板上部两侧对称设有铰接孔,下部中心设有支承孔,所述铰接孔通过轴承与所述铰接轴相连,所述支承孔通过轴承与所述凸轮轴相连。
按上述方案,所述铰接定位机构包括蹄片轴支架,所述蹄片轴支架包括内外平行间隔设置的内、外铰接孔座,所述内铰接孔座的底部与所述车轴固连,所述外铰接孔座与所述左、右抱紧蹄片的连接臂相铰接,内铰接孔座与所述左、右张开蹄片的铰接端相铰接。
按上述方案,所述外回位机构包括设于所述左、右抱紧蹄片张合驱动端的外侧端的外回位簧、设于所述连接臂与所述外铰接孔座之间的双向扭簧和弹簧换向装置,所述弹簧换向装置包括换向支架、换向拉簧和换向回位簧,所述凸轮轴支座的底板两侧分别与所述换向支架的一端相铰接,所述内铰接孔座的底部两侧分别与所述换向拉簧的一端相连,所述左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端分别与所述换向回位簧的一端相连,换向拉簧的另一端与换向支架的中部相连,换向回位簧的另一端与换向支架的另一端相连。
按上述方案,所述内回位机构包括设于所述左、右张开蹄片铰接端前后两侧的前、后回位簧和设于左、右张开蹄片张合驱动端的内回位簧。
按上述方案,所述制动轮由同轴设置的外筒和内筒组成,所述外筒和内筒之间设有均匀间隔设有数条连接筋板,所述数条连接筋板之间的空隙形成散热风道,外筒的外周面为外制动面,内筒的内周面为内制动面,外、内制动面分别与所述左、右抱紧蹄片及左、右张开蹄片上设置的摩擦片相配置,制动轮与所述轮毂相连的端面上沿周向均匀间隔设有数个排风凹槽。
按上述方案,所述制动轮的内侧端设有导风防尘罩,所述导风防尘罩包括左、右罩体,所述左、右罩体上下两端分别与所述蹄片轴支架和凸轮轴支座相连,左、右罩体上分别设有 左、右导风罩。
按上述方案,所述左、右罩体均包括外缘为弧形的后壳体及沿后壳体外缘设置的弧形的侧壳体,所述后壳体上设有进风口,所述左、右导风罩为口径渐小的“U”型壳体结构,相对应所述进风口设置。
本发明的有益效果是:1、设置制动轮的外周抱紧制动和内周张开制动的结构,采用内张外抱式的同步制动机构,制动力内外分配,把一套机构的工作量由内外两套制动机构分担,不仅可杜绝制动鼓破裂的危害,从而保证制动性能稳定,而且可显著增大摩擦面积大,缩短制动距离,提高汽车制动的效率;2、设置导风防尘罩不仅可以降低灰尘进入造成的磨损,还提高了散热效率,延长装置的使用寿命,有效解决了制动力与制动发热之间的突出矛盾,使汽车制动的稳定性和安全性得到进一步的提高和改善。
附图说明
图1为本发明一个实施例的拆分示意图。
图2为本发明一个实施例的轴向半剖视图。
图3为本发明一个实施例的仰视图。
图4为本发明一个实施例的蹄片轴支架和凸轮轴支座的拆分图。
图5为本发明一个实施例中蹄片轴支架和凸轮轴支座的正视图。
图6为本发明一个实施例中左抱紧蹄片与左制动臂的装配轴测图。
图7为本发明一个实施例中左抱紧蹄片的剖视图。
图8为本发明一个实施例中右制动臂的轴测图。
图9为本发明一个实施例中凸轮轴的轴测图。
图10为本发明一个实施例的制动轮的轴测图。
图11为本发明一个实施例的导风防尘罩的轴测图。
图12为本发明一个实施例的制动轮与轮毂的拆分轴测图。
其中:车轴1,制动轮2,轮毂3,左抱紧蹄片4,右抱紧蹄片5,摩擦片6,左张开蹄片7,右张开蹄片8,排风凹槽9,蹄片轴支架10,外蹄片轴11,内蹄片轴12,外回位簧13,内回位簧14,连接臂15,双向扭簧16,驱动凹槽17,滚轮18,凸轮轴支座19,调整臂支座20,凸轮轴21,左制动臂22,内S型凸轮23,外S型凸轮24,花键25,调整臂26,弧形凸块27,驱动块28,铰接轴29,底板30,支承板31,铰接孔32,支承孔33,轴承34,换向支架35,换向拉簧36,换向回位簧37,前回位簧38,后回位簧39,左罩体40,右罩体41,左导风罩42,右导风罩43,进风口44,连接筋板45,散热风道46,外筒47,内筒48,右 制动臂49。
具体实施方式
为更好地理解本发明,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
如图1-3所示,一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,包括车轴1和轮毂3,轮毂的内侧连接与其同步运转的制动轮2,制动轮为圆筒体结构,对应于制动轮的外周面安设周向抱紧制动蹄,周向抱紧制动蹄包括带有外回位机构的半圆弧形的左抱紧蹄片4和右抱紧蹄片5,对应于制动轮的内周面安设周向张开制动蹄,周向张开制动蹄包括带有内回位机构的半圆弧形的左张开蹄片7和右张开蹄片8,制动轮内侧的车轴上设有内外同步驱动机构和铰接定位机构,左、右抱紧蹄片和左、右张开蹄片的一端为铰接端,与铰接定位机构相铰接,另一端为张合驱动端,与内外同步驱动机构相配置,实现制动轮内张外抱同步制动。
如图6-9所示,内外同步驱动机构包括前后间隔设置在车轴上的凸轮轴支座19和调整臂支座20,凸轮轴支座和调整臂支座上穿装凸轮轴21,凸轮轴的后端连接调整臂26,前端间隔设置内S型凸轮23和外S型凸轮24,外S型凸轮与铰接于凸轮轴支座上的左制动臂22和右制动臂49的内端相配置,左、右制动臂的外端与左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端相连,内S型凸轮与左、右张开蹄片的张合驱动端相配置。
左、右制动臂的内侧端面的外端设有向后延伸的驱动块28,外侧端面中部设有向前延伸的铰接轴29,下端设有弧形凸块27,驱动块与左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端相连,铰接轴与凸轮轴支座相铰接,弧形凸块与外S型凸轮相配置。
左、右抱紧蹄片的铰接端均设有沿周向延伸的连接臂15,连接臂上设有外蹄片轴孔,左、右抱紧蹄片通过外蹄片轴11与铰接定位机构相铰接,左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端的内壁上设有与驱动块相配置的驱动凹槽17,驱动块的前侧面的外廓线为渐开线,与驱动凹槽的前侧面相啮合,左、右抱紧蹄片的内周面上设有摩擦片6。
左、右张开蹄片的铰接端均设有内蹄片轴孔,与铰接定位机构通过内蹄片轴12相铰接,左、右张开蹄片的张合驱动端的端头均设有滚轮18,与内S型凸轮相配置,左、右张开蹄片的外周面上设有摩擦片。
内、外S型凸轮均由中心对称设置的两个旋转半径递增的弧形翼块组成,内S型凸轮的旋转半径小于外S型凸轮的旋转半径,凸轮轴的驱动端设有花键25,通过花键与调整臂相配置。
如图4、图5所示,凸轮轴支座为“L”型板状结构,包括底板30和支承板31,底板与车轴相连,支承板上部两侧对称设有铰接孔32,下部中心设有支承孔33,铰接孔通过轴承 34与铰接轴相连,支承孔通过轴承与凸轮轴相连。
铰接定位机构包括蹄片轴支架10,蹄片轴支架包括内外平行间隔设置的内、外铰接孔座,内铰接孔座的底部与车轴固连,外铰接孔座与左、右抱紧蹄片的连接臂相铰接,内铰接孔座与左、右张开蹄片的铰接端相铰接。
外回位机构包括设于左、右抱紧蹄片张合驱动端的外侧端的外回位簧13、设于连接臂与外铰接孔座之间的双向扭簧16和弹簧换向装置,弹簧换向装置包括换向支架35、换向拉簧36和换向回位簧37,凸轮轴支座的底板两侧分别与换向支架的一端相铰接,内铰接孔座的底部两侧分别与换向拉簧的一端相连,左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端分别与换向回位簧的一端相连,换向拉簧的另一端与换向支架的中部相连,换向回位簧的另一端与换向支架的另一端相连。通过设置换向支架使得换向回位簧及换向拉簧只需各自沿着轴向发生压缩或拉伸,在左、右抱紧蹄片在制动抱紧或张开回位的状态下,换向回位簧和换向拉簧均能位于同一条直线,既省力便捷,又避免弹簧发生变形,延长使用寿命。
内回位机构包括设于左、右张开蹄片铰接端前后两侧的前回位簧38、后回位簧39和设于左、右张开蹄片张合驱动端的内回位簧14。
如图10、图12所示,制动轮由同轴设置的外筒47和内筒48组成,外筒和内筒之间设有均匀间隔设有数条连接筋板45,数条连接筋板之间的空隙形成散热风道46,外筒的外周面为外制动面,内筒的内周面为内制动面,外、内制动面分别与左、右抱紧蹄片及左、右张开蹄片上设置的摩擦片相配置,制动轮与轮毂相连的端面上沿周向均匀间隔设有数个排风凹槽9。
制动轮的内侧端设有导风防尘罩,包括左罩体40和右罩体41,左、右罩体上下两端分别与蹄片轴支架和凸轮轴支座相连,左、右罩体上分别设有左导风罩42和右导风罩43。
左、右罩体均包括外缘为弧形的后壳体及沿后壳体外缘设置的弧形的侧壳体,后壳体上设有进风口44,左、右导风罩为口径渐小的“U”型壳体结构,相对应所述进风口设置。
制动过程如下:内S型凸轮位于左、右张开蹄片的两个滚轮之间,外S型凸轮位于左、右制动臂的两个弧形凸块之间,内、外S型凸轮的左右两翼块分别与滚轮及弧形凸块相配合,转动凸轮轴,当内S型凸轮的两翼分别作用于两滚轮,使得两滚轮随着内S型凸轮转动相向移动,从而带动左张开蹄片、右张开蹄片相向摆动,前、后回位簧收缩,左、右张开蹄片呈向外张开的状态,使张开制动蹄形成越来越紧的制动状态,当两滚轮之间的距离最大时,即,内S型凸轮的两翼块水平与两滚轮连线成180°角,内回位簧呈拉伸状态,此时外撑制动蹄的制动力达到最大值,此时,外S型凸轮的两翼分别作用于两个弧形凸块,左、右制动臂绕 铰接轴发生转动,两弧形凸块之间的距离增大,两个驱动块也在驱动凹槽内发生同步转动,从而带动左、右抱紧蹄片相对摆动,外回位簧压缩,左、右抱紧蹄片呈向内抱紧的状态,使抱紧制动蹄形成越来越紧的制动状态,当两弧形凸块之间的距离最大时,即,外S型凸轮的两翼块水平与两弧形凸块连线成180°角,此时抱紧制动蹄的制动力达到最大值,完成车辆的制动过程;回转凸轮轴,当两滚轮之间的距离最小时,即,内S型凸轮的两翼块垂直与两滚轮连线成90°角,两滚轮之间的距离最小,内回位拉簧复位,此时左张开蹄片、右张开蹄片相对转动,周向张开制动蹄及时回位至与制动轮周向空隙的非制动状态,此时,两弧形凸块之间的距离最小,即,外S型凸轮的两翼块垂直与左、右弧形凸块连线成90°角,外回位簧复位,此时左、右抱紧蹄片相向转动,周向抱紧制动蹄及时回位至与制动轮周向空隙的非制动状态。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,包括车轴和轮毂,所述轮毂的内侧连接与其同步运转的制动轮,制动轮为圆筒体结构,其特征在于,对应于制动轮的外周面安设周向抱紧制动蹄,周向抱紧制动蹄包括带有外回位机构的半圆弧形的左、右抱紧蹄片,对应于制动轮的内周面安设周向张开制动蹄,所述周向张开制动蹄包括带有内回位机构的半圆弧形的左、右张开蹄片,制动轮内侧的车轴上设有内外同步驱动机构和铰接定位机构,所述左、右抱紧蹄片和左、右张开蹄片的一端为铰接端,与所述铰接定位机构相铰接,另一端为张合驱动端,与所述内外同步驱动机构相配置,实现制动轮内张外抱同步制动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述内外同步驱动机构包括前后间隔设置在所述车轴上的凸轮轴支座和调整臂支座,所述凸轮轴支座和调整臂支座上穿装凸轮轴,所述凸轮轴的后端连接调整臂,前端间隔设置内S型凸轮和外S型凸轮,所述外S型凸轮与铰接于凸轮轴支座上的左、右制动臂的内端相配置,所述左、右制动臂的外端与所述左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端相连,所述内S型凸轮与所述左、右张开蹄片的张合驱动端相配置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述左、右制动臂的内侧端面的外端设有向后延伸的驱动块,外侧端面中部设有向前延伸的铰接轴,下端设有弧形凸块,所述驱动块与所述左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端相连,所述铰接轴与所述凸轮轴支座相铰接,所述弧形凸块与所述外S型凸轮相配置。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述左、右抱紧蹄片的铰接端均设有沿周向延伸的连接臂,所述连接臂上设有外蹄片轴孔,左、右抱紧蹄片通过连接臂与铰接定位机构相铰接,左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端的内壁上设有与驱动块相配置的驱动凹槽,驱动块的前侧面的外廓线为渐开线,与驱动凹槽的前侧面相啮合,左、右抱紧蹄片的内周面上设有摩擦片。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述左、右张开蹄片的铰接端均设有内蹄片轴孔,与所述铰接定位机构通过内蹄片轴相铰接,左、右张开蹄片的张合驱动端的端头均设有滚轮,与所述内S型凸轮相配置,左、右张开蹄片的外周面上设有摩擦片。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述内、 外S型凸轮均由中心对称设置的两个旋转半径递增的弧形翼块组成,内S型凸轮的旋转半径小于外S型凸轮的旋转半径,凸轮轴的驱动端设有花键,通过花键与所述调整臂相配置。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述凸轮轴支座为“L”型板状结构,包括底板和支承板,所述底板与所述车轴相连,所述支承板上部两侧对称设有铰接孔,下部中心设有支承孔,所述铰接孔通过轴承与所述铰接轴相连,所述支承孔通过轴承与所述凸轮轴相连。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述铰接定位机构包括蹄片轴支架,所述蹄片轴支架包括内外平行间隔设置的内、外铰接孔座,所述内铰接孔座的底部与所述车轴固连,所述外铰接孔座与所述左、右抱紧蹄片的连接臂相铰接,内铰接孔座与所述左、右张开蹄片的铰接端相铰接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述外回位机构包括设于所述左、右抱紧蹄片张合驱动端的外侧端的外回位簧、设于所述连接臂与所述外铰接孔座之间的双向扭簧和弹簧换向装置,所述弹簧换向装置包括换向支架、换向拉簧和换向回位簧,所述凸轮轴支座的底板两侧分别与所述换向支架的一端相铰接,所述内铰接孔座的底部两侧分别与所述换向拉簧的一端相连,所述左、右抱紧蹄片的张合驱动端分别与所述换向回位簧的一端相连,换向拉簧的另一端与换向支架的中部相连,换向回位簧的另一端与换向支架的另一端相连。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述内回位机构包括设于所述左、右张开蹄片铰接端前后两侧的前、后回位簧和设于左、右张开蹄片张合驱动端的内回位簧。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述制动轮由同轴设置的外筒和内筒组成,所述外筒和内筒之间设有均匀间隔设有数条连接筋板,所述数条连接筋板之间的空隙形成散热风道,外筒的外周面为外制动面,内筒的内周面为内制动面,外、内制动面分别与所述左、右抱紧蹄片及左、右张开蹄片上设置的摩擦片相配置,制动轮与所述轮毂相连的端面上沿周向均匀间隔设有数个排风凹槽。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述制 动轮的内侧端设有导风防尘罩,所述导风防尘罩包括左、右罩体,所述左、右罩体上下两端分别与所述蹄片轴支架和凸轮轴支座相连,左、右罩体上分别设有左、右导风罩。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的一种汽车轮式双面制动系统,其特征在于所述左、右罩体均包括外缘为弧形的后壳体及沿后壳体外缘设置的弧形的侧壳体,所述后壳体上设有进风口,所述左、右导风罩为口径渐小的“U”型壳体结构,相对应所述进风口设置。
PCT/CN2018/093115 2017-08-11 2018-06-27 一种汽车轮式双面制动系统 WO2019029288A1 (zh)

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