WO2019029036A1 - 半穿透半反射式液晶显示器 - Google Patents

半穿透半反射式液晶显示器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019029036A1
WO2019029036A1 PCT/CN2017/110981 CN2017110981W WO2019029036A1 WO 2019029036 A1 WO2019029036 A1 WO 2019029036A1 CN 2017110981 W CN2017110981 W CN 2017110981W WO 2019029036 A1 WO2019029036 A1 WO 2019029036A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
substrate
crystal display
layer
transflective liquid
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PCT/CN2017/110981
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English (en)
French (fr)
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柳铭岗
林永伦
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深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司
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Priority to US15/578,250 priority Critical patent/US20190049801A1/en
Publication of WO2019029036A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019029036A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/136209—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix, incorporated in the active matrix substrate, e.g. structurally associated with the switching element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/1368—Active matrix addressed cells in which the switching element is a three-electrode device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133302—Rigid substrates, e.g. inorganic substrates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G02F1/13398—Spacer materials; Spacer properties
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
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    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a transflective liquid crystal display.
  • LCDs liquid crystal displays
  • Various consumer electronic products such as digital assistants, digital cameras, notebook computers, and desktop computers have become mainstream in display devices.
  • liquid crystal display devices which include a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight module.
  • the working principle of the liquid crystal display panel is to place liquid crystal molecules in two parallel glass substrates. There are many vertical and horizontal small wires between the two glass substrates, and the liquid crystal molecules are controlled to change direction by energizing or not, and the light of the backlight module is changed. Refracted to produce a picture.
  • a liquid crystal display panel comprises a CF (Color Filter) substrate, a thin film transistor (TFT) substrate, a liquid crystal (LC) sandwiched between the color filter substrate and the thin film transistor substrate, and a sealant frame ( Sealant),
  • the molding process generally includes: front array (Array) process (film, yellow, etching and stripping), middle cell (Cell) process (TFT substrate and CF substrate bonding) and rear module assembly Process (drive IC and printed circuit board is pressed).
  • the front Array process mainly forms a TFT substrate to control the movement of liquid crystal molecules;
  • the middle Cell process mainly adds liquid crystal between the TFT substrate and the CF substrate;
  • the rear module assembly process is mainly to drive the IC to press and print the circuit.
  • the integration of the plates drives the liquid crystal molecules to rotate and display images.
  • Liquid crystal displays can be classified into three basic types: Transmissive, Reflective, and Transflective.
  • the transmissive liquid crystal display realizes a transmissive display through a backlight source, and has the advantages of maintaining a good display effect under normal light and dark light, but it is difficult to recognize the display content under outdoor sunlight.
  • the reflective liquid crystal display does not require an external light source, but uses light around the environment, so that it has a good display effect in an environment with sufficient external light, but it is difficult to recognize the display content in an environment with insufficient external light.
  • the transflective liquid crystal display combines the advantages of both transmissive and reflective.
  • the transflective liquid crystal display can simultaneously display the backlight and the ambient light of the outside world, and the pixel area can be divided into reflective areas.
  • a reflective layer that reflects ambient light is provided on the reflective area, and a transparent pixel electrode is disposed on the transmissive area to allow the backlight to penetrate.
  • the transflective liquid crystal display can simultaneously use the backlight and the ambient light of the outside world, its application has gradually attracted attention.
  • the conventional transflective liquid crystal display usually has a color filter, a black matrix, and a spacer formed on the color filter substrate of the liquid crystal display, so it is necessary to make insulation under the reflective layer of the thin film transistor array substrate.
  • the layer is designed to achieve the purpose of controlling the thickness of the liquid crystal cell in the reflective region.
  • the design and process of the insulating layer are quite complicated and difficult, and since the reflective region occupies the transmission area of the original pixel region, the light transmittance of the backlight is seriously reduced.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a transflective liquid crystal display capable of further utilizing ambient light to enhance display brightness while maintaining the original light transmittance of the backlight, and can realize in various light environments. Excellent display effect, simple process and low production cost.
  • the present invention provides a transflective liquid crystal display comprising: an upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed opposite to each other, a backlight disposed under the lower substrate, and a lower substrate and a lower substrate a liquid crystal layer between the substrates;
  • the lower substrate includes a first substrate, a TFT device layer disposed on the first substrate, a black matrix and a pixel electrode disposed on the TFT device layer, and an interval disposed on the black matrix And a reflective layer coated on a surface of the black matrix surface other than the spacer;
  • a region corresponding to the reflective layer is a reflective region
  • a region corresponding to the pixel electrode is a transmissive region
  • the reflective layer is electrically conductive and connected to the pixel electrode.
  • the transflective liquid crystal display of the present invention further includes an upper polarizer attached to a side of the upper substrate away from the liquid crystal layer and a lower polarizer attached to a side of the lower substrate away from the liquid crystal layer.
  • the upper polarizer and the lower polarizer have the same polarization direction.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the reflective region is half the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the transmissive region.
  • the black matrix and the spacer are integrally formed of the same material.
  • the material of the reflective layer includes one or more of aluminum and silver.
  • the upper substrate includes a second substrate, a color photoresist layer disposed on the second substrate, and a common electrode disposed on the color photoresist layer.
  • the first base substrate and the second base substrate are both glass substrates, and the pixel electrodes are transparent electrodes.
  • the material of the pixel electrode is a transparent conductive metal oxide.
  • the present invention also provides a transflective liquid crystal display comprising: an upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed opposite to each other, a backlight disposed under the lower substrate, and a substrate disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate Liquid crystal layer
  • the lower substrate includes a first substrate, a TFT device layer disposed on the first substrate, a black matrix and a pixel electrode disposed on the TFT device layer, and an interval disposed on the black matrix And a reflective layer coated on a surface of the black matrix surface other than the spacer;
  • a region corresponding to the reflective layer is a reflective region
  • a region corresponding to the pixel electrode is a transmissive region
  • the reflective layer is electrically conductive and connected to the pixel electrode
  • the method further includes an upper polarizer attached to a side of the upper substrate away from the liquid crystal layer and a lower polarizer attached to a side of the lower substrate away from the liquid crystal layer;
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the reflective region is half of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the transmissive region
  • the black matrix and the spacer are integrally formed from the same material.
  • the transflective liquid crystal display of the present invention has a black matrix and a spacer formed on a thin film transistor array substrate, and the reflective layer is disposed on the black matrix such that the reflective region does not occupy the transmissive region.
  • the area can keep the light transmittance of the backlight unchanged compared with the existing penetrating liquid crystal display, and use the ambient light to enhance the display brightness; the invention also utilizes the thickness of the black matrix to control the thickness of the liquid crystal cell in the reflective area. It is avoided to make an extra insulating layer under the reflective layer to control the thickness of the liquid crystal cell, thereby effectively saving the process; in addition, by integrally molding the black matrix and the spacer, the process can be further saved and the production cost can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a transflective liquid crystal display of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a transflective liquid crystal display of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a transflective liquid crystal display comprising: an upper substrate 10 and a lower substrate 20 disposed opposite to each other, a backlight 40 disposed under the lower substrate 20, and a device a liquid crystal layer 30 between the upper substrate 10 and the lower substrate 20;
  • the lower substrate 20 includes a first substrate substrate 21, a TFT device layer 22 disposed on the first substrate substrate 21, a black matrix 23 and a pixel electrode 24 disposed on the TFT device layer 22, and a spacer 25 on the black matrix 23, and a reflective layer 26 coated on a surface of the black matrix 23 except for the spacer 25;
  • a region corresponding to the reflective layer 26 is a reflective region
  • a region corresponding to the pixel electrode 24 is a transmissive region.
  • the reflective layer 26 is electrically conductive and connected to the pixel electrode 24, so that the reflective region and the liquid crystal layer 30 of the transmissive region are synchronously controlled.
  • the transflective liquid crystal display of the present invention has the reflective layer 26 disposed on the black matrix 23 without occupying the area of the transmissive area, so that the light transmittance of the backlight 40 is compared with the existing transmissive liquid crystal display.
  • the invention also maintains the display brightness by using ambient light outside, so that the transflective liquid crystal display of the present invention can achieve excellent display effects in various light environments.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 30 of the reflective region is half of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 30 of the transmissive region.
  • the optical path difference of the o-light and the e-light of the backlight light from the transmission region through the liquid crystal layer 30 is ⁇ /2
  • the o-light and the e-light of the external light pass through the liquid crystal layer 30 from the reflection region to the reflective layer 26.
  • the optical path difference is ⁇ /4, and the optical path difference of the o-light and the e-light of the external light reflected from the reflective layer 26 back through the liquid crystal layer 30 is also ⁇ /4, so the o-light and the e-light of the external light are reflected from
  • the total optical path difference of the region incident on the liquid crystal layer 30 and reflected from the liquid crystal layer 30 is ⁇ /2, which is the same as the optical path difference between the o-light of the backlight light and the e-light passing through the liquid crystal layer 30 from the transmission region, and therefore,
  • the external light is incident from the reflection region into the liquid crystal layer 30 and the polarization direction reflected from the liquid crystal layer 30 and the backlight light pass through the transmission region.
  • the polarization directions after the liquid crystal layer 30 are the same.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 30 of the reflective region can be achieved by controlling the thickness of the black matrix 23.
  • the transflective liquid crystal display of the present invention further includes an upper polarizer 31 attached to a side of the upper substrate 10 away from the liquid crystal layer 30 and attached to the lower substrate 20 away from the liquid crystal
  • the lower polarizer 32 on the side of the layer 30 has the same polarization direction as the lower polarizer 32, which is advantageous for achieving both the reflective state and the transmissive region while maintaining the bright state and the dark state.
  • the specific principle is as follows:
  • the transmissive region when the light of the backlight 40 passes through the liquid crystal layer 30 and the polarization direction is rotated by zero degrees, the light of the backlight 40 passes through the upper polarizer 31 and the lower polarizer 32 having the same polarization direction, and the transmissive area is displayed as a bright state;
  • the reflection area when the external light is incident on the liquid crystal layer 30 from the side of the upper substrate 10 and then reflected out of the polarization direction by zero degrees, the external light passes through the upper polarizer 31 twice, and the reflection area is also displayed in a bright state.
  • the transmissive region when the light of the backlight 40 passes through the liquid crystal layer 30 and the polarization direction is rotated by 90 degrees, the light of the backlight 40 passes through the upper polarizer 31 and the lower polarizer 32 having the same polarization direction, and the transmissive region is displayed in a dark state;
  • the reflective area external light is incident on the liquid crystal layer 30 from the side of the upper substrate 10, and then reflected out of the polarization direction by 90 degrees. The external light passes through the upper polarizer 31 twice, and the reflective area is also displayed in a dark state.
  • the black matrix 23 and the spacer 25 are integrally formed of the same material.
  • the material of the reflective layer 26 is a highly reflective conductive material, preferably one or more of aluminum and silver.
  • the upper substrate 10 includes a second substrate 11 , a color photoresist layer 12 disposed on the second substrate 11 , and a common electrode 13 disposed on the color photoresist layer 12 .
  • the first base substrate 21 and the second base substrate 11 are both glass substrates, and the pixel electrodes 24 are transparent electrodes.
  • the material of the pixel electrode 24 is a transparent conductive metal oxide, preferably indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the transflective liquid crystal display of the present invention fabricates a black matrix and a spacer on the thin film transistor array substrate, and sets the reflective layer on the black matrix so that the reflective area does not occupy the area of the transmissive area.
  • the light transmittance of the backlight can be kept constant, and the ambient brightness is used to enhance the display brightness; the present invention also utilizes the thickness of the black matrix to control the thickness of the liquid crystal cell in the reflective area. Avoid making extra insulation layer under the reflective layer to control the thickness of the liquid crystal cell, and effectively save the process.
  • integrally molding the black matrix and the spacer the process can be further saved and the production cost can be reduced.

Abstract

一种半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，黑色矩阵（23）与间隔物（25）均制作于薄膜晶体管阵列基板（20）上，反射层（26）设置于黑色矩阵（23）上，使得反射区不占用透射区的面积，与现有的穿透式液晶显示器相比能够保持背光源（40）的光线透过率不变，同时利用外界环境光提升显示亮度；利用黑色矩阵（23）的厚度来控制反射区的液晶盒厚，避免在反射层（26）下方制作额外的绝缘层来控制液晶盒厚，有效节约制程；通过将黑色矩阵（23）与间隔物（25）一体成型，能够进一步节约制程并降低生产成本。

Description

半穿透半反射式液晶显示器 技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种半穿透半反射式液晶显示器。
背景技术
随着显示技术的发展，液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)等平面显示装置因具有高画质、省电、机身薄及应用范围广等优点，而被广泛的应用于手机、电视、个人数字助理、数字相机、笔记本电脑、台式计算机等各种消费性电子产品，成为显示装置中的主流。
现有市场上的液晶显示装置大部分为背光型液晶显示器，其包括液晶显示面板及背光模组(Backlight Module)。液晶显示面板的工作原理是在两片平行的玻璃基板当中放置液晶分子，两片玻璃基板中间有许多垂直和水平的细小电线，通过通电与否来控制液晶分子改变方向，将背光模组的光线折射出来产生画面。
通常液晶显示面板由彩膜(CF，Color Filter)基板、薄膜晶体管(TFT，Thin Film Transistor)基板、夹于彩膜基板与薄膜晶体管基板之间的液晶(LC，Liquid Crystal)及密封胶框(Sealant)组成，其成型工艺一般包括：前段阵列(Array)制程(薄膜、黄光、蚀刻及剥膜)、中段成盒(Cell)制程(TFT基板与CF基板贴合)及后段模组组装制程(驱动IC与印刷电路板压合)。其中，前段Array制程主要是形成TFT基板，以便于控制液晶分子的运动；中段Cell制程主要是在TFT基板与CF基板之间添加液晶；后段模组组装制程主要是驱动IC压合与印刷电路板的整合，进而驱动液晶分子转动，显示图像。
液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)依反射方式可分为穿透式(Transmissive)、反射式(Reflective)及半穿透半反射式(Tranflective，半穿反)三种基本类型。穿透式液晶显示器经由背光光源以达到穿透式显示，其优点为于正常光线及暗光线下能维持良好的显示效果，然而于户外阳光下则不易辨识显示内容。反射式液晶显示器不需外加光源，而是使用环境周围的光线，因此于外界光线充足的环境下具有良好的显示效果，然而于外界光线不足的环境下则不易辨识显示内容。半穿透半反射式液晶显示器则结合穿透式和反射式两者的优点，半穿透半反射式液晶显示器可同时利用背光源以及外界的环境光进行显示，其像素区域可分为反射区与透射区， 反射区上设有反射外界的环境光的反射层，而透射区上则设有透明的像素电极以使背光源穿透。由于半穿透半反射式液晶显示器能够同时运用背光源以及外界的环境光，因此其应用逐渐受到各方瞩目。然而，现有的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器通常将彩色滤光片、黑色矩阵、及间隔物均制作于液晶显示器的彩膜基板上，因此需要在薄膜晶体管阵列基板的反射层下方制作绝缘层来达到控制反射区的液晶盒厚的目的，该绝缘层的设计与制程相当复杂和困难，且由于反射区占用原像素区域的透射区面积，严重降低了背光源的光线透过率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，能够在保持背光源原有的光线透过率的基础上进一步利用外界环境光提升显示亮度，在各种光线环境中均能实现优异的显示效果，且制程简单，生产成本低。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，包括：相对设置的上基板与下基板、设于所述下基板下方的背光源、及设于所述上基板与下基板之间的液晶层；
所述下基板包括第一衬底基板、设于所述第一衬底基板上的TFT器件层、设于所述TFT器件层上的黑色矩阵与像素电极、设于所述黑色矩阵上的间隔物、以及包覆于所述黑色矩阵表面除所述间隔物以外的区域上的反射层；
在平行于所述上基板与下基板的水平面内，所述反射层对应的区域为反射区，所述像素电极对应的区域为透射区。
所述反射层导电且与所述像素电极相连。
本发明的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器还包括贴附于所述上基板远离液晶层一侧的上偏光片及贴附于所述下基板远离液晶层一侧的下偏光片。
所述上偏光片与下偏光片的偏振方向相同。
所述反射区的液晶层的厚度为所述透射区的液晶层的厚度的一半。
所述黑色矩阵与间隔物采用同种材料一体成型。
所述反射层的材料包括铝和银中的一种或多种。
所述上基板包括第二衬底基板、设于所述第二衬底基板上的彩色光阻层、及设于所述彩色光阻层上的公共电极。
所述第一衬底基板与第二衬底基板均为玻璃基板，所述像素电极为透明电极。
所述像素电极的材料为透明导电金属氧化物。
本发明还提供一种半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，包括：相对设置的上基板与下基板、设于所述下基板下方的背光源、及设于所述上基板与下基板之间的液晶层；
所述下基板包括第一衬底基板、设于所述第一衬底基板上的TFT器件层、设于所述TFT器件层上的黑色矩阵与像素电极、设于所述黑色矩阵上的间隔物、以及包覆于所述黑色矩阵表面除所述间隔物以外的区域上的反射层；
在平行于所述上基板与下基板的水平面内，所述反射层对应的区域为反射区，所述像素电极对应的区域为透射区；
其中，所述反射层导电且与所述像素电极相连；
还包括贴附于所述上基板远离液晶层一侧的上偏光片及贴附于所述下基板远离液晶层一侧的下偏光片；
其中，所述上偏光片与下偏光片的偏振方向相同；
其中，所述反射区的液晶层的厚度为所述透射区的液晶层的厚度的一半；
其中，所述黑色矩阵与间隔物采用同种材料一体成型。
本发明的有益效果：本发明的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器将黑色矩阵与间隔物均制作于薄膜晶体管阵列基板上，并且将反射层设置于黑色矩阵上，使得反射区不占用透射区的面积，与现有的穿透式液晶显示器相比能够保持背光源的光线透过率不变，同时利用外界环境光提升显示亮度；本发明还利用黑色矩阵的厚度来控制反射区的液晶盒厚，避免在反射层下方制作额外的绝缘层来控制液晶盒厚，有效节约制程；另外，通过将黑色矩阵与间隔物一体成型，能够进一步节约制程并降低生产成本。
为了能更进一步了解本发明的特征以及技术内容，请参阅以下有关本发明的详细说明与附图，然而附图仅提供参考与说明用，并非用来对本发明加以限制。
附图说明
下面结合附图，通过对本发明的具体实施方式详细描述，将使本发明的技术方案及其它有益效果显而易见。
附图中，
图1为本发明的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器的剖视示意图；
图2为本发明的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器的俯视示意图。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明所采取的技术手段及其效果，以下结合本发明的优选实施例及其附图进行详细描述。
请参阅图1与图2，本发明提供一种半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，包括：相对设置的上基板10与下基板20、设于所述下基板20下方的背光源40、及设于所述上基板10与下基板20之间的液晶层30；
所述下基板20包括第一衬底基板21、设于所述第一衬底基板21上的TFT器件层22、设于所述TFT器件层22上的黑色矩阵23与像素电极24、设于所述黑色矩阵23上的间隔物25、以及包覆于所述黑色矩阵23表面除所述间隔物25以外的区域上的反射层26；
在平行于所述上基板10与下基板20的水平面内，所述反射层26对应的区域为反射区，所述像素电极24对应的区域为透射区。
具体的，所述反射层26导电且与所述像素电极24相连，从而使反射区与透射区的液晶层30得到同步控制。
本发明的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器将反射层26设置于黑色矩阵23上，不占用透射区的面积，从而与现有的穿透式液晶显示器相比，背光源40的光线透过率保持不变，另外本发明还利用外界的环境光来提升显示亮度，使得本发明的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器在各种光线环境中均能实现优异的显示效果。
具体的，所述反射区的液晶层30的厚度为所述透射区的液晶层30的厚度的一半。
具体的，背光源光线的o光和e光从透射区穿过液晶层30的光程差为λ/2时，外界光线的o光和e光从反射区穿过液晶层30到达反射层26的光程差为λ/4，并且外界光线的o光和e光从反射层26反射回去穿过液晶层30的光程差同样为λ/4，因此外界光线的o光和e光从反射区射入液晶层30并从液晶层30反射出的总光程差为λ/2，这与背光源光线的o光和e光从透射区穿过液晶层30的光程差相同，因此，在入射液晶层30之前外界光线与背光源光线的偏振方向保持相同的情况下，外界光线从反射区射入液晶层30并从液晶层30反射出的偏振方向与背光源光线从透射区穿过液晶层30后的偏振方向相同。
具体的，所述反射区的液晶层30的厚度可通过控制所述黑色矩阵23的厚度来实现。
具体的，本发明的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器还包括贴附于所述上基板10远离液晶层30一侧的上偏光片31及贴附于所述下基板20远离液晶 层30一侧的下偏光片32，所述上偏光片31与下偏光片32的偏振方向相同，有利于实现反射区与透射区同时保持亮态和暗态，具体原理为：
在透射区，背光源40的光线穿过液晶层30后偏振方向旋转零度时，背光源40的光线先后经过偏振方向相同的上偏光片31与下偏光片32，透射区显示为亮态；在反射区，外界光线从上基板10一侧射入液晶层30后再反射出去偏振方向旋转零度时，外界光线先后经过上偏光片31两次，反射区同样显示为亮态。
在透射区，背光源40的光线穿过液晶层30后偏振方向旋转90度时，背光源40的光线先后经过偏振方向相同的上偏光片31与下偏光片32，透射区显示为暗态；在反射区，外界光线从上基板10一侧射入液晶层30后再反射出去偏振方向旋转90度，外界光线先后经过上偏光片31两次，反射区同样显示为暗态。
具体的，所述黑色矩阵23与间隔物25采用同种材料一体成型。
具体的，所述反射层26的材料为高反射导电材料，优选的，包括铝和银中的一种或多种。
具体的，所述上基板10包括第二衬底基板11、设于所述第二衬底基板11上的彩色光阻层12、及设于所述彩色光阻层12上的公共电极13。
具体的，所述第一衬底基板21与第二衬底基板11均为玻璃基板，所述像素电极24为透明电极。
具体的，所述像素电极24的材料为透明导电金属氧化物，优选为氧化铟锡(ITO)。
综上所述，本发明的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器将黑色矩阵与间隔物均制作于薄膜晶体管阵列基板上，并且将反射层设置于黑色矩阵上，使得反射区不占用透射区的面积，与现有的穿透式液晶显示器相比能够保持背光源的光线透过率不变，同时利用外界环境光提升显示亮度；本发明还利用黑色矩阵的厚度来控制反射区的液晶盒厚，避免在反射层下方制作额外的绝缘层来控制液晶盒厚，有效节约制程；另外，通过将黑色矩阵与间隔物一体成型，能够进一步节约制程并降低生产成本。
以上所述，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，可以根据本发明的技术方案和技术构思作出其他各种相应的改变和变形，而所有这些改变和变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，包括：相对设置的上基板与下基板、设于所述下基板下方的背光源、及设于所述上基板与下基板之间的液晶层；
    所述下基板包括第一衬底基板、设于所述第一衬底基板上的TFT器件层、设于所述TFT器件层上的黑色矩阵与像素电极、设于所述黑色矩阵上的间隔物、以及包覆于所述黑色矩阵表面除所述间隔物以外的区域上的反射层；
    在平行于所述上基板与下基板的水平面内，所述反射层对应的区域为反射区，所述像素电极对应的区域为透射区。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述反射层导电且与所述像素电极相连。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，还包括贴附于所述上基板远离液晶层一侧的上偏光片及贴附于所述下基板远离液晶层一侧的下偏光片。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述上偏光片与下偏光片的偏振方向相同。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述反射区的液晶层的厚度为所述透射区的液晶层的厚度的一半。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述黑色矩阵与间隔物采用同种材料一体成型。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述反射层的材料包括铝和银中的一种或多种。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述上基板包括第二衬底基板、设于所述第二衬底基板上的彩色光阻层、及设于所述彩色光阻层上的公共电极。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述第一衬底基板与第二衬底基板均为玻璃基板，所述像素电极为透明电极。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述像素电极的材料为透明导电金属氧化物。
  11. 一种半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，包括：相对设置的上基板与下基板、设于所述下基板下方的背光源、及设于所述上基板与下基板之间的 液晶层；
    所述下基板包括第一衬底基板、设于所述第一衬底基板上的TFT器件层、设于所述TFT器件层上的黑色矩阵与像素电极、设于所述黑色矩阵上的间隔物、以及包覆于所述黑色矩阵表面除所述间隔物以外的区域上的反射层；
    在平行于所述上基板与下基板的水平面内，所述反射层对应的区域为反射区，所述像素电极对应的区域为透射区；
    其中，所述反射层导电且与所述像素电极相连；
    还包括贴附于所述上基板远离液晶层一侧的上偏光片及贴附于所述下基板远离液晶层一侧的下偏光片；
    其中，所述上偏光片与下偏光片的偏振方向相同；
    其中，所述反射区的液晶层的厚度为所述透射区的液晶层的厚度的一半；
    其中，所述黑色矩阵与间隔物采用同种材料一体成型。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述反射层的材料包括铝和银中的一种或多种。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述上基板包括第二衬底基板、设于所述第二衬底基板上的彩色光阻层、及设于所述彩色光阻层上的公共电极。
  14. 如权利要求11所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述第一衬底基板与第二衬底基板均为玻璃基板，所述像素电极为透明电极。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的半穿透半反射式液晶显示器，其中，所述像素电极的材料为透明导电金属氧化物。
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