WO2019024675A1 - 插接件、动力电池及新能源车辆 - Google Patents

插接件、动力电池及新能源车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019024675A1
WO2019024675A1 PCT/CN2018/095809 CN2018095809W WO2019024675A1 WO 2019024675 A1 WO2019024675 A1 WO 2019024675A1 CN 2018095809 W CN2018095809 W CN 2018095809W WO 2019024675 A1 WO2019024675 A1 WO 2019024675A1
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Prior art keywords
connector
power battery
plug connector
limiting block
electromagnetic induction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/095809
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李海英
Original Assignee
上海蔚来汽车有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 上海蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 上海蔚来汽车有限公司
Publication of WO2019024675A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019024675A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/629—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/639—Additional means for holding or locking coupling parts together, after engagement, e.g. separate keylock, retainer strap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle manufacturing technology; in particular, the present invention relates to a connector, and further to a power battery and a new energy vehicle including the same.
  • new energy vehicles such as hybrid and pure electric vehicles are becoming more and more popular.
  • new energy vehicles have a big difference compared with traditional fuel vehicles. Due to the capacity of power batteries, mileage has become a relatively large bottleneck. In this case, the rapid replacement of the battery is a very important solution for new energy vehicles.
  • the quick replacement of the battery referred to as the battery quick change.
  • the reliability of the insertion and removal of the battery and the external high-voltage harness and the cooling flow path in the quick replacement is also very important.
  • the assembly design of the battery pack and the related plug connector has no limit structure, so as to facilitate separation and combination during quick replacement, but in order to ensure good contact of the plug connector, the elastic structure is generally used to design the interference.
  • the elastic structure due to the elastic structure, the side of the vehicle body mounting bracket of the vehicle is subjected to relatively long-term pressure, which is a great challenge to the rigidity of the body bracket and also increases the design cost.
  • Another optional aspect of the present invention is also directed to providing an improved power battery.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a connector, wherein the connector comprises:
  • a second plug connector adapted to be inserted into and removed from the first plug connector
  • a movable limiting block capable of shifting between locking the first position of the insertion and removal and unlocking the second position of the insertion and removal;
  • An electromagnetic induction unit adapted to generate an electromagnetic force to drive the displacement of the limit block.
  • the first plug connector has a plug slot
  • the second plug connector is formed with a guide slot
  • the limit block is connected by a compression spring.
  • the compression spring pushes the limiting block to the first position when the electromagnetic induction unit is powered off, wherein a part of the limiting block is in the guiding slot, and a part of the limiting block protrudes into the insertion Slot
  • the electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnetic induction unit overcomes the elastic force of the compression spring to return the limiting block to the second position, wherein the limiting block completely withdraws from the insertion slot.
  • the end of the limiting block adapted to protrude into the insertion slot is provided with a layer of elastic material.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a power battery, wherein the power battery is provided with:
  • a second plug connector adapted to be inserted into the first plug connector at the body of the new energy vehicle
  • a limiting block capable of shifting between locking the first position of the insertion and removal and unlocking the second position of the insertion and removal
  • An electromagnetic induction unit adapted to generate an electromagnetic force to drive the displacement of the limit block.
  • the power battery further has a guiding groove fixed with respect to the second plug connector, the limiting block being connected in the guiding groove by a compression spring, and :
  • the compression spring pushes the limiting block to the first position when the electromagnetic induction unit is powered off, wherein a portion of the limiting block is in the guiding slot and a portion is from the guiding slot Extend
  • the electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnetic induction unit overcomes the elastic force of the compression spring to return the limiting block to the second position, wherein the limiting block completely withdraws from the insertion slot.
  • the guide groove is formed in the second plug connector or formed on an additional member fixed to the second plug connector.
  • the guide groove is formed on the casing of the power battery or on an additional member fixed to the casing of the power battery.
  • the second plug connector is a high voltage harness connector or a cooling channel connector.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a new energy vehicle, wherein a high voltage harness connector or a cooling flow path connector of a power battery of the new energy vehicle is as in the first aspect described above A connector as described.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention provides a new energy vehicle, wherein the new energy vehicle has the power battery of any of the foregoing second aspects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a plug of a power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a plug portion of the power battery as shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a plug-in of a power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a high-voltage harness connector of a power battery of an electric vehicle is exemplified, having a first plug connector 1 and a second plug connector 2.
  • the first plug connector 1 is a body side plug connector of an electric vehicle
  • the second plug connector 2 is a power battery side plug connector, which can be respectively fixed to the electric vehicle body by any suitable means (such as but not limited to Chassis, etc.) 10 and a power battery (specifically, its housing) 20.
  • Optional fixing methods include, but are not limited to, bolting, snapping, and the like.
  • the locking or limiting of the first plug connector 1 and the second plug connector 2 can be achieved by a movable stop block.
  • the first plug connector 1 may have a plug slot 4, and the second plug connector 2 may have a guide slot 5 which may be formed on respective engagement surfaces.
  • the insertion slot 4 of the first plug connector 1 is adapted to be aligned with the guide slot 5 of the second plug connector 2, so that the limit block 3 is made Extending to the joint surface of the first plug connector 1 and the second plug connector 2, a portion is in the insertion slot and a portion is in the guide slot for limiting.
  • the first plug connector 1 and the second plug connector 2 are in a plugged state, and both are locked in position by the stop block 3.
  • a part of the limiting block 3 projects into one of the insertion slots 4 of the first plug connector 1, and a part remains in the guide slot 5.
  • the guide groove 5 is fixed with respect to the second plug connector 2. It can be understood that when the limiting block 3 is in the position shown (herein referred to as the first position), the insertion and removal between the first plug connector 1 and the second plug connector 2 will be locked, and the high voltage harness is inserted. The connector will not be accidentally disengaged.
  • the first plug connector 1 and the second plug will not be blocked when the limit block 3 is moved to other positions instead of being partially inside the plug slot 4 and partially in the guide slot 5 as shown in the figure.
  • the plugging and unplugging of the connector 2 unlocks the plugging and unplugging of the high voltage harness connector.
  • These other locations can be referred to herein as the second location.
  • the limiting block 3 can be completely located in the insertion slot 4 or completely within the guiding slot 5.
  • the limiting block 3 is adapted to be retracted into the guide groove 5 by the electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnetic induction unit 7 against the elastic force of the compression spring 8.
  • the stop block 3 is adapted to reciprocally slide between a first position and a second position, thereby realizing the lock of the first plug connector 1 and the second plug connector 3 of the high voltage harness connector Stop and unlock.
  • the sliding direction of the limiting block 3 may be substantially perpendicular to the direction of the aforementioned insertion and removal of the high-voltage harness connector as shown in the figure, or may be at other angles with the direction of the plugging and unplugging in other embodiments to facilitate For specific application conditions and processing requirements.
  • the limiting block 3 can also be arranged to pass between other forms of motion, such as but not limited to rotation, etc., between the first position and the second position of locking and unlocking. Conversion. Although not shown in the drawings, the description of the present specification has given sufficient teachings to enable those skilled in the art to implement.
  • More than one set of limit structures including the limit block 3 can be provided on each of the connectors.
  • the limiting structure formed by the insertion slot 4, the guiding slot 5, the limiting block 3, the compression spring 8, and the electromagnetic induction unit 7 shown in the figure may be inserted along the optional embodiment.
  • the circumferential direction of the pieces is evenly arranged in two, three or even more. Obviously, it will make the locking of the connector more reliable.
  • FIG. 1 The guide groove 5 in Fig. 1 has a fixed position with respect to the second plug 2, and more specifically, reference can be made to Fig. 2.
  • 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the plug portion of the power battery as shown in FIG. 1, in which the arrangement of the limit block 3 and the electromagnetic induction unit 7 is also shown in more detail.
  • the insertion slot 4 and the guide slot 5 will be aligned to accommodate the slip of the stop block 3.
  • the guide groove 5 is formed on an additional component 6, and the additional component 6 is fixed to the housing of the power battery of the electric vehicle. Since the second plug connector 2 is also fixed to the housing of the power battery by a suitable means, the mutual position of the guide slot 5 and the second plug connector 2 is fixed. When the first plug connector 1 and the guide slot 5 are locked by the limiting block 3, the state of the mutual mating between the second plug connector 2 and the first plug connector 1 is ensured. In another embodiment, it is also conceivable to form the guide groove 5 directly on the casing of the power battery, and the step of attaching the additional member 6 can be saved.
  • a power battery according to an aspect of the present invention a power battery according to an aspect of the present invention, the guide groove 5, the electromagnetic induction unit 7, and the like are disposed on the casing of the power battery, and the stopper 3 is formed by the compression spring 8 Guided in the groove 5.
  • the guiding groove 5 and the electromagnetic induction unit 7 can also be formed on the second plug connector 2, and at its integral part or additional component, the limiting block 3 and the compression spring are arranged in the guiding groove 5. 8 and so on.
  • the first plug connector 1, the second plug connector 2 (and its additional components, if any), etc. will constitute a connector in accordance with one aspect of the present invention that provides for itself.
  • the plugging and unlocking function can ensure the reliability of the plug and effectively control the docking state of the connector.
  • the stop 3 can be driven by an electromagnetic force which can be generated by the electromagnetic induction unit 7.
  • the electromagnetic induction unit 7 may be in the form of, for example, but not limited to, an electromagnetic solenoid. In the figure it is arranged in a direction in which it is necessary to attract the stopper 3 to move along it.
  • the arrangement of the electromagnetic induction unit 7 is diverse and flexible, and it is not necessary to be bound by the specific embodiment in the drawings.
  • the manner in which the elastic force of the compression spring 8 is combined with the electromagnetic induction unit 7 can be selected; or two electromagnetic induction units 7 can be directly used to respectively limit from the limit. Both ends of the block are respectively attracted to the attraction without using the compression spring 8.
  • the limiting block 3 realizes the limiting function by rotation, it may also be realized by using different electromagnetic induction units or using a combination of the electromagnetic induction unit and the compression spring.
  • the limiting block 3 itself can be made of an iron-containing material or other material suitable for electromagnetic attraction to facilitate electromagnetic force attraction to produce an action.
  • an additional member 6 is fixed to the casing of the power battery, and the guide groove 5 is formed on the additional member 6.
  • a compression spring 8 and a limiting block 3 are placed in the guiding groove 5, and one end of the compression spring 8 abuts against the bottom end of the guiding groove 5, and the other end abuts against the limiting block 3.
  • the electromagnetic induction unit 7 is embedded in the additional component 6 and aligned with the guiding groove 5. When the electromagnetic induction unit 7 is energized, an electromagnetic force attracting the limiting block 3 is generated. Overcoming the elastic force of the compression spring 8, the limiting block 3 is withdrawn from the insertion slot.
  • the guide groove 5 is formed, for example, but not limited to, directly on the second plug connector, directly formed on the motor housing, or formed on the second connector by an additional component, etc.
  • the arrangement and working principle of the magnetic induction unit, the compression spring, and the like can be referred to FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the electromagnetic induction unit 7 can be wired or wirelessly controlled by a corresponding controller (not shown).
  • the end of the limiting block 3 which is directed outside the guiding groove 5 can be designed as a tapered taper so that the insertion into the first connector 1 at this end is inserted.
  • the inside of the groove 4 can play a guiding role, guiding it into the insertion groove 4 without causing unnecessary impact and interference.
  • the end of the limiting block 3 adapted to extend into the insertion slot 4 may also be provided with a layer of elastic material to facilitate a tighter fit of the limiting block and the insertion slot and the elimination of noise.
  • the elastic material layer may be fixed at the end by coating, coating or adhesion.
  • the connector may include a first plug connector, a second plug connector, a limit block, and an electromagnetic induction unit, wherein the second plug connector may be adapted to be inserted into and removed from the first plug connector, and the limit block can be inserted and removed The first position is displaced between the unlocked and inserted second position, and the electromagnetic induction unit is adapted to generate an electromagnetic force to drive the displacement of the limit block.
  • a specific implementation form of the connector can be designed with reference to the first plug connector 1 and the second plug connector 2 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the connector may have additional components, may have a compression spring or the like.
  • the connector may be, for example, but not limited to, a high voltage harness connector, a cooling flow path connector, or the like.
  • the power battery can be provided with a plug connector, a limit block, an electromagnetic induction unit, and the like.
  • the plug connector can be adapted to be inserted into and removed from a plug connector at the body of the new energy vehicle.
  • the stop block is displaceable between a first position in which the lock is inserted and removed and a second position in which the plug is unlocked.
  • the electromagnetic induction unit is adapted to generate an electromagnetic force to drive displacement of the limit block.
  • a specific implementation form of the plug connector on the power battery can be designed with reference to the second plug connector 2 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the various alternative variations described in connection with Figures 1 and 2 are equally applicable to power batteries, such as, but not limited to, the power battery, which may have additional components, may have compression springs or the like.
  • the plug connector on the power battery can be a plug connector such as, but not limited to, a high voltage harness connector, a cooling flow path connector, or the like.
  • one aspect of the present invention teaches a new energy vehicle in which a high voltage harness connector or a cooling flow path connector of a power battery of the new energy vehicle is a connector as described above, or The new energy vehicle has a power battery as described above.
  • the electromagnetic induction unit 7 when the power battery needs to be quickly exchanged and separated, the electromagnetic induction unit 7 is energized, the electromagnetic induction unit 7 generates an electromagnetic force, and the limit block 3 overcomes the elastic force of the compression spring under the action of the electromagnetic force.
  • the limiting block 3 When the guiding groove 5 moves, the limiting block 3 will exit the insertion slot 4 and be disengaged from the first connector 1.
  • the power battery 20 is lowered by gravity or the like, the second plug connector 2 descends with the power battery, and the first plug connector 1 and the second plug connector 2 of the connector are smoothly separated. After the separation, the electromagnetic induction unit 7 can be powered off, and the limiting block 3 will be extended by the compression spring to protrude into the guiding groove 5.
  • the electromagnetic induction unit 7 is first energized, and the stopper 3 is gathered in the guide groove 5, and the guide groove 5 is mounted together with the power battery 20. After the power battery 20 rises and the first plug connector 1 is inserted into the second plug connector 2, the electromagnetic induction unit 7 is powered off, so that the limit block 3 protrudes from the guide slot 5 under the action of the spring force, and the first plug connector is inserted.
  • the plug-in slot of 1 allows the plug-in state between the connectors to be well controlled by the stop block 3.
  • the position of the connector can be effectively controlled in the quick change structure of the battery pack, and the line connection is ensured to be reliable.
  • the limit block automatically and effectively controls the plug-in state of the plug-in connector by the power-off of the electromagnetic induction unit, thereby reducing the force of the body-side plug connector mounting bracket.
  • the solution can ensure the good assembly state of the connector at a small cost, and the design requirements of the body side plug connector mounting bracket are reduced, and the cost is saved.

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Abstract

一种插接件、动力电池及新能源车辆，其中插接件包括：第一插接头（1）；适于向所述第一插接头（1）插拔的第二插接头（2）；可动的限位块（3），所述限位块（3）能够在锁止所述插拔的第一位置和解锁所述插拔的第二位置之间移位；以及电磁感应单元（7），所述电磁感应单元（7）适于产生电磁力以驱动所述限位块（3）的所述移位。所述动力电池和新能源车辆具有相应设置的插接件。

Description

插接件、动力电池及新能源车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及新能源车辆制造技术领域；具体地说，本发明涉及一种插接件，并进一步涉及包括其的动力电池及新能源车辆。
背景技术
随着新能源车辆开发技术的不断进步，混合动力和纯电动车辆等新能源车辆越来越普及。众所周知，新能源车辆与传统燃油汽车相比有较大的区别，其受动力电池的容量的制约，行驶里程成为比较大的瓶颈。在这种情况下，对于新能源车辆而言，电池的快速更换是一种很重要的解决方案。
电池的快速更换，简称电池快换。在这个过程中，除了电池包本体安装的方便性和效率，电池与外界高压线束及冷却流路等的插接件的插拔在快速更换中的可靠性也是非常重要的。
一般情况下，电池包与相关插接头的装配设计没有限位结构，以便于快速更换时的分离和结合，但是为了保证插接头的接触良好，一般会用弹性结构设计过盈量。这样，由于弹性结构的作用，车辆的车身安装支架侧会承受比较大的长期压力，这对车身支架的刚度是很大的挑战，也提高了设计成本。
发明内容
本发明的可选方面的目的在于提供改进的插接件，其适用于电动汽车的动力电池。
本发明的另一可选方面的目的还在于提供改进的动力电池。
本发明的再一可选方面的目的还在于提供包括前述插接件或前述动力电池的新能源车辆。
为了实现前述目的，本发明的第一方面提供了一种插接件，其中，所述插接件包括：
第一插接头；
适于向所述第一插接头插拔的第二插接头；
可动的限位块，所述限位块能够在锁止所述插拔的第一位置和解锁所述插拔的第二位置之间移位；以及
电磁感应单元，所述电磁感应单元适于产生电磁力以驱动所述限位块的所述移位。
可选地，在如前所述的插接件中，在所述第一插接头上具有插接槽，在所述第二插接头上形成有导向槽，所述限位块通过压缩弹簧连接在所述导向槽内，并且：
当所述电磁感应单元断电时，所述压缩弹簧将所述限位块推至所述第一位置处，其中所述限位块的一部分在所述导向槽内、一部分伸入所述插接槽；
当所述电磁感应单元通电时，其产生的电磁力克服所述压缩弹簧的弹力使所述限位块退回所述第二位置处，其中所述限位块从所述插接槽完全退出。
可选地，在如前所述的插接件中，所述限位块上适于伸入所述插接槽的端部设置有弹性材料层。
为了实现前述目的，本发明的第二方面提供了一种动力电池，其中，所述动力电池上设置有：
适于向新能源车辆的车身处的第一插接头插拔的第二插接头；
限位块，所述限位块能够在锁止所述插拔的第一位置和解锁所述插拔的第二位置之间移位；以及
电磁感应单元，所述电磁感应单元适于产生电磁力以驱动所述限位块的所述移位。
可选地，在如前所述的动力电池中，所述动力电池还具有相对于所述第二插接头固定的导向槽，所述限位块通过压缩弹簧连接在所述导向槽内，并且：
当所述电磁感应单元断电时，所述压缩弹簧将所述限位块推至所述第一位置处，其中所述限位块的一部分在所述导向槽内、一部分从所述导向槽伸出；
当所述电磁感应单元通电时，其产生的电磁力克服所述压缩弹簧的弹力使所述限位块退回所述第二位置处，其中所述限位块从所述插接槽完全退出。
可选地，在如前所述的动力电池中，所述导向槽形成在所述第二插接头内，或者形成在固定于所述第二插接头处的附加部件上。
可选地，在如前所述的动力电池中，所述导向槽形成在所述动力电池的壳体上，或者形成在固定于所述动力电池的壳体处的附加部件上。
可选地，在如前所述的动力电池中，所述第二插接头为高压线束插接头或冷却流路插接头。
为了实现前述目的，本发明的第三方面提供了一种新能源车辆，其中，所述新能源车辆的动力电池的高压线束插接件或冷却流路插接件为如前述第一方面中任一项所述的插接件。
为了实现前述目的，本发明的第四方面提供了一种新能源车辆，其中，所述新能源车辆具有如前述第二方面中任一项所述的动力电池。
附图说明
参照附图，本发明的公开内容将更加显然。应当了解，这些附图仅仅用于说明的目 的，而并非意在对本发明的保护范围构成限制。图中：
图1是根据本发明的一种实施方式的动力电池的插接的示意性剖视图；以及
图2是如图1中所示的动力电池的插接部位的示意性局部剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图详细地说明本发明的具体实施方式。在各附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同或相应的技术特征。
图1是根据本发明的一种实施方式的动力电池的插接的示意性剖视图，其中以电动汽车的动力电池的高压线束插接件为例，其具有第一插接头1和第二插接头2。
如图中所示，第一插接头1为电动汽车的车身侧插接头，第二插接头2为动力电池侧插接头，它们可以通过任何适当的方式分别固定至电动汽车车身(例如但不限于底盘等)10和动力电池(具体可以是其壳体)20。可选的固定方式包括但不限于螺栓连接、卡接等常用方式。
第一插接头1和第二插接头2的锁止或限位可以通过可动的限位块来实现。第一插接头1可以具有插接槽4，第二插接头2可以具有导向槽5，它们可以分别形成在各自的接合表面上。当第一插接头1与第二插接槽2插接在位时，第一插接头1的插接槽4适于与第二插接头2的导向槽5对齐，以便于使限位块3伸出到第一插接头1和第二插接头2的接合表面处，一部分在插接槽内、一部分在导向槽内，从而进行限位。
依据图1所示，第一插接头1与第二插接头2处于插接状态，并且二者被限位块3锁止在位。从该图中可以看出，限位块3的一部分伸入第一插接头1的一个插接槽4内，还有一部分保留在导向槽5内。导向槽5相对于第二插接头2固定。可以理解，当限位块3处于图示的位置(此处称其为第一位置)时将锁止该第一插接头1与该第二插接头2之间的插拔，该高压线束插接件不会被意外脱开。
可以了解，当限位块3移动到其它位置而不是如图中所示一部分在插接槽4内、一部分在导向槽5内时，将不会阻止该第一插接头1和该第二插接头2的插拔，使得该高压线束插接件的插拔解锁。此处可以称这些其它位置为第二位置。可以了解，在该第二位置中，根据具体结构，在可选的其它实施方式中，限位块3可以完全位于插接槽4内或者完全位于导向槽5内。在图示的实施方式中的具体结构，限位块3适于受电磁感应单元7产生的电磁力作用而克服压缩弹簧8的弹力而完位退回至导向槽5内。
在图示的示例中，限位块3适于在第一位置和第二位置之间往复地滑移，从而实现该高压线束插接件的第一插接头1和第二插接头3的锁止和解锁。限位块3的滑移方向可以如图中所示的基本上与高压线束插接件的前述插拔的方向垂直，或者在其它实施方式中可以 与前述插拔的方向呈其它角度，以方便于具体的应用条件和加工要求等。
另外，还可以了解，在可选的实施方式中，也可以将限位块3设置成通过其它运动形式，例如但不限于旋转等，在锁止和解锁的第一位置和第二位置之间转换。虽然未在图中示出，但本说明书的相关描述已经给出了充分的教示，使得所属领域的技术人员能够实施。
在每个插接件上可以设置不止一套包括限位块3的限位结构。例如，图中所示的插接槽4、导向槽5、限位块3、压缩弹簧8、电磁感应单元7构成的限位结构，在可选的实施方式中，根据需要，可以沿插接件的周向均匀地布置有两个、三个甚至更多个。显然，它将使得插接件的锁止更加可靠。
图1中的导向槽5相对于第二插接头2具有固定的位置，更具体地，可以参照图2。图2是如图1中所示的动力电池的插接部位的示意性局部剖视图，其中还更详细地示出了限位块3及电磁感应单元7的布置。从图中可以看出，在第一插接头1和第二插接头2处于插接位置时，插接槽4和导向槽5将对齐，以适于限位块3的滑移。
为了实现这种固定的相互位置，在图示实施方式中，导向槽5形成在一附加部件6上，并且该附加部件6固定于电动汽车的动力电池的壳体。由于第二插接头2通过适当的方式也固定于动力电池的壳体，所以，该导向槽5与第二插接头2的相互位置是固定的。当第一插接头1与导向槽5被限位块3锁止时，第二插接头2与第一插接头1之间的相互对接的状态即得到了保证。在另外的实施方式中，也可以考虑将导向槽5直接形成在动力电池的壳体上，能够节省安装附加部件6的步骤。可以了解，在前述这些情况下将获得根据本发明的一个方面的一种动力电池，导向槽5、电磁感应单元7等布置在动力电池的壳体上，限位块3通过压缩弹簧8形成在导向槽5内。
在可选的实施方式中，导向槽5和电磁感应单元7也可以形成于第二插接头2上，并且位于其一体部分或附加部件处，在导向槽5内布置限位块3、压缩弹簧8等。可以了解，在这种情况下，第一插接头1、第二插接头2(及其附加部件，如果有)等将构成根据本发明的一个方面中的一种插接件，它们为自身提供了插拔的锁止和解锁功能，能够保证插接的可靠性、有效地控制插接件的对接状态。
根据本发明的可选实施方式，限位块3可以由电磁力驱动，该电磁力可以由电磁感应单元7产生。在可选的实施方式中，电磁感应单元7可以呈例如但不限于电磁螺线圈等形式。在图中其设置在需要吸引限位块3沿其移动的方向上。
根据限位块3的移动方式的需要，电磁感应单元7的布置方式是多样且灵活的，不必拘泥于图中的具体实施方式。例如，在需要限位块3往复滑移的情况下，可以选择图中压缩弹簧8的弹力与电磁感应单元7结合的方式；也可以直接采用两个电磁感应单元7来分别 根据需要从限位块的两端分别对其实施吸引力，而不采用压缩弹簧8。当限位块3通过旋转而实现限位功能的情况下，也可以采用布置不同的电磁感应单元或者使用电磁感应单元与压缩弹簧的结合来实现。
相应地，限位块3本身可以由含铁的材料或者其它适于被电磁吸引的材料制成，以利于电磁力吸引而产生动作。
从图2中可以看出，在该实施方式中，在动力电池的壳体上固定有附加部件6，导向槽5形成在该附加部件6上。导向槽5内放置有压缩弹簧8和限位块3，压缩弹簧8一端抵接导向槽5的底端，另一端抵接限位块3。电磁感应单元7嵌在该附加部件6内，与导向槽5对齐，当电磁感应单元7通电时产生电磁力吸引限位块3，克服压缩弹簧8的弹力，限位块3从插接槽退出，完全退回导向槽5内，实现第一插接头1与第二插接头2的插接的解锁；当电磁感应单元7断电时电磁力消失，压缩弹簧8的弹力作用在限位块3上，使得限位块3向外滑移，一部分伸到第一插接头1的插接槽4内，一部分保留在导向槽5内，实现第一插接头1与第二插接头2的插接的锁止。
在其它实施方式中，在导向槽5例如但不限于直接形成在第二插接头上、直接形成在电动壳体上或通过附加部件形成在第二插接件上等的情况下，其中的电磁感应单元、压缩弹簧等的布置及工作原理均可以参照图1和图2。
在可选的实施方式中，电磁感应单元7可以通过相应的控制器(未图示)进行有线或无线控制。
从图中可以看出，在该实施方式中，限位块3的指向导向槽5外的一端可以设计成渐缩的锥形，从而在该端伸入到第一插接件1的插接槽4内时可以起到导向的作用，引导其伸到插接槽4内而不至于产生不必要的碰击和干涉。在可选的实施方式中，限位块3上适于伸入插接槽4的端部还可以设置有弹性材料层，以便于限位块和插接槽更加紧密的配合及噪声的消除。具体地，该弹性材料层可以通过涂敷、包覆或粘附等方式固定在该端部处。
结合以上描述可以了解，本发明的一个方面教示了一种插接件。该插接件可以包括第一插接头、第二插接头、限位块及电磁感应单元，其中第二插接头可以适于向第一插接头插拔，限位块能够在锁止插拔的第一位置和解锁插拔的第二位置之间移位，电磁感应单元适于产生电磁力以驱动限位块的移位。该插接件的具体实现形式可以参照图1和图2中的第一插接头1和第二插接头2设计。结合图1和图2描述的各种可选变型同样适用于该插接件，例如但不限于该插接件可以相应地具有附加部件，可以具有压缩弹簧等。该插接件可以为例如但不限于高压线束插接件、冷却流路插接件等。
结合以上描述可以了解，本发明的一个方面教示了一种动力电池。该动力电池上可 以设置有插接头、限位块、电磁感应单元等。该插接头可以适于向新能源车辆的车身处的插接头插拔。限位块能够在锁止插拔的第一位置和解锁插拔的第二位置之间移位。电磁感应单元适于产生电磁力以驱动限位块的移位。该动力电池上的插接头的具体实现形式可以参照图1和图2中的第二插接头2设计。结合图1和图2描述的各种可选变型同样适用于动力电池，例如但不限于该动力电池上可以相应地具有附加部件，可以具有压缩弹簧等。该动力电池上的插接头可以是例如但不限于高压线束插接件、冷却流路插接件等的插接头。
结合以上描述可以了解，本发明的一个方面教示了一种新能源车辆，该新能源车辆的动力电池的高压线束插接件或冷却流路插接件为如前所述的插接件，或者，该新能源车辆具有如前所述的动力电池。
在这种新能源车辆上，在动力电池需要快换分离的时候，对电磁感应单元7通电，电磁感应单元7产生电磁力，限位块3在电磁力的作用下克服压缩弹簧的弹力，沿着导向槽5运动，限位块3将退出插接槽4，脱离第一插接件1。在动力电池20在重力等的作用下而下降时，第二插接头2随着动力电池下降，插接件的第一插接头1和第二插接头2顺利分离。分离之后，即可对电磁感应单元7断电，限位块3将受压缩弹簧的作用伸出导向槽5。
反之，在装配过程中，首先要给电磁感应单元7通电，限位块3收拢在导向槽5内，导向槽5和动力电池20一起安装。在动力电池20上升并且第一插接头1插入第二插接头2之后，对电磁感应单元7断电，这样限位块3在弹簧力的作用下会伸出导向槽5，插入第一插接头1的插接槽，这样通过限位块3能够良好地控制插接件之间的插接状态。
可以看出，上述通过对限位块的控制，在电池包的快换结构中能够有效地控制插接件的位置，确保线路连接可靠。在快换完成后，通过电磁感应单元的断电，限位块自动有效地控制了插接件的插接状态，从而降低了车身侧插接头安装支架的受力情况。该方案能够在小成本的情况下，保证插接件的良好装配状态，并且对车身侧插接头安装支架的设计要求降低，节约成本。
本发明的技术范围不仅仅局限于上述说明中的内容，本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本发明技术思想的前提下，对上述实施方式进行多种变形和修改，而这些变形和修改均应当属于本发明的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种插接件，其特征在于，所述插接件包括：
    第一插接头；
    适于向所述第一插接头插拔的第二插接头；
    可动的限位块，所述限位块能够在锁止所述插拔的第一位置和解锁所述插拔的第二位置之间移位；以及
    电磁感应单元，所述电磁感应单元适于产生电磁力以驱动所述限位块的所述移位。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的插接件，其中，在所述第一插接头上具有插接槽，在所述第二插接头上形成有导向槽，所述限位块通过压缩弹簧连接在所述导向槽内，并且：
    当所述电磁感应单元断电时，所述压缩弹簧将所述限位块推至所述第一位置处，其中所述限位块的一部分在所述导向槽内、一部分伸入所述插接槽；
    当所述电磁感应单元通电时，其产生的电磁力克服所述压缩弹簧的弹力使所述限位块退回所述第二位置处，其中所述限位块从所述插接槽完全退出。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的插接件，其中，所述限位块上适于伸入所述插接槽的端部设置有弹性材料层。
  4. 一种动力电池，其特征在于，所述动力电池上设置有：
    适于向新能源车辆的车身处的第一插接头插拔的第二插接头；
    限位块，所述限位块能够在锁止所述插拔的第一位置和解锁所述插拔的第二位置之间移位；以及
    电磁感应单元，所述电磁感应单元适于产生电磁力以驱动所述限位块的所述移位。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的动力电池，其中，所述动力电池还具有相对于所述第二插接头固定的导向槽，所述限位块通过压缩弹簧连接在所述导向槽内，并且：
    当所述电磁感应单元断电时，所述压缩弹簧将所述限位块推至所述第一位置处，其中所述限位块的一部分在所述导向槽内、一部分从所述导向槽伸出；
    当所述电磁感应单元通电时，其产生的电磁力克服所述压缩弹簧的弹力使所述限位块退回所述第二位置处，其中所述限位块从所述插接槽完全退出。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的动力电池，其中，所述导向槽形成在所述第二插接头内，或者形成在固定于所述第二插接头处的附加部件上。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的动力电池，其中，所述导向槽形成在所述动力电池的壳体上，或者形成在固定于所述动力电池的壳体处的附加部件上。
  8. 如权利要求4至7中任一项所述的动力电池，其中，所述第二插接头为高压线束插接头 或冷却流路插接头。
  9. 一种新能源车辆，其特征在于，所述新能源车辆的动力电池的高压线束插接件或冷却流路插接件为如前述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的插接件。
  10. 一种新能源车辆，其特征在于，所述新能源车辆具有如前述权利要求4至8中任一项所述的动力电池。
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