WO2019024369A1 - 投影屏幕和投影系统 - Google Patents

投影屏幕和投影系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019024369A1
WO2019024369A1 PCT/CN2017/114728 CN2017114728W WO2019024369A1 WO 2019024369 A1 WO2019024369 A1 WO 2019024369A1 CN 2017114728 W CN2017114728 W CN 2017114728W WO 2019024369 A1 WO2019024369 A1 WO 2019024369A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
plane
projection screen
light
projection
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PCT/CN2017/114728
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王霖
胡飞
李屹
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深圳市光峰光电技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2019024369A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019024369A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to projection screens and projection systems.
  • the present invention relates to a multi-focal projection screen capable of being resistant to ambient light and applicable to telephoto projectors and ultra-short-throw projectors, and projection systems using the projection screens.
  • projection display systems are small in size and easy to install, making it easy to display images larger than 100 inches, and the overall system price is relatively low.
  • the traditional projector is called a telephoto projector.
  • This projector usually needs an distance of more than 3 meters to project an 80-inch screen on the screen.
  • the transmitted light is incident on the screen at a small angle of incidence, so it is also Become a direct projector.
  • Due to the limited indoor space, telephoto projectors are often difficult to transmit large projection images indoors, so short-focus or even ultra-short-focus projectors have emerged.
  • ultra-short-throw projectors on the market can transmit images of more than 80 inches at a distance of less than 1 meter.
  • projection display systems are often installed in the living room.
  • the living room usually has good natural lighting conditions and a bright illumination source, so there is a lot of ambient stray light.
  • a typical projector screen can reflect both the light of the projector and the light of ambient light. In such an environment, the contrast of the picture formed by the light reflected by the projection screen is much lower than the contrast of the projector itself due to the influence of ambient light.
  • the present invention is intended to provide a projection screen and projection system that can be shared by a telephoto projector and an ultra short throw projector and that is resistant to ambient light.
  • a projection screen is disclosed that is capable of reflecting projected light into a field of view of a viewer, wherein:
  • the projection screen includes a light diffusion layer, a total reflection layer, and a light absorbing layer, which are sequentially disposed from an incident side of the projection light, the light absorbing layer being capable of absorbing incident light, and the light diffusion layer for increasing the emitted light Divergence angle,
  • the total reflection layer includes at least a microstructure layer on a side of the light diffusion layer and an inner layer on a side of the light absorption layer, the microstructure layer having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the inner layer, the micro A plurality of microstructure units are disposed on the structural layer, and the plurality of microstructure units continuously extend and are rotationally symmetric in a plane of the projection screen, wherein: each of the microstructure units includes a first plane, a second plane, and a connection a first plane and a third plane of the second plane, the first plane and the second plane being different from an oblique direction of a plane parallel to the projection screen, the third plane being in the light a reflective layer is disposed on the side of the absorption layer, and
  • the inclination angles of the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane with respect to a plane parallel to the projection screen are set such that the projection ray incident at an incident angle within a first angular range At least a portion of the projected field of view that is totally reflected at the first plane and the second plane into the viewer, and at least a portion of the projected ray incident at an angle of incidence within the second range of angles
  • the third plane is reflected by the reflective layer to the field of view of the viewer.
  • the present invention also discloses a projection system including a projection screen as described above and a projector.
  • the projection screen and projection system according to the present invention have at least the following advantages:
  • both the projected light from the ultra short throw projector and the projected light from the telephoto projector can be reflected by the screen.
  • one screen can be used for both ultra-short-throw projectors and telephoto projectors.
  • the light absorbing layer for absorbing ambient stray light is integrally disposed on the back surface of the microstructure, and the projected light is not absorbed by the light absorbing layer, thereby improving optical efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view showing a projection screen according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a rotation pair showing a total reflection layer of a projection screen according to an embodiment of the present invention. A schematic diagram of the structure.
  • a and b of FIG. 3 show a schematic diagram of a main cross-sectional structure of different projected light rays and an optical path condition when ambient stray light is irradiated to a projection screen according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a main cross-sectional structure of a microstructure unit of a projection screen and an optical path for an ultra short throw projector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a main cross-sectional structure of a microstructure unit of a projection screen and an optical path for a telephoto projector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an optical path when ambient stray light is irradiated on a projection screen according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a scattering film layer of a projection screen according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view showing a projection screen according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the projection screen 10 includes a light diffusion layer 13, a total reflection layer 12, and a light absorbing layer 11 which are stacked in this order from the incident side of the projected light.
  • the projected light can be incident on the total reflection layer 12 through the light diffusion layer 13.
  • the incident side of the projected light of the projection screen 10 is also referred to as the outer side of the screen (ie, facing the viewer side), and the side of the light absorbing layer is referred to as the inner side of the screen (ie, facing away from the viewer side).
  • the total reflection layer 12 is formed with an array of microstructure units composed of a plurality of repeatedly arranged microstructure units. As shown in FIG.
  • the microstructure elements of the total reflection layer 12 have a rotationally symmetric array arrangement on the screen plane.
  • the center of rotation (optical center) of the rotationally symmetric array arrangement is perpendicular to the plane of the screen and below the screen.
  • the projector is arranged on the central axis of rotation.
  • the light absorbing layer 11 is capable of absorbing a light beam irradiated thereon.
  • the light absorbing layer 11 is a black light absorbing layer.
  • the light diffusing layer 13 serves to diffuse the collimated light beam reflected from the total reflection layer 12 to give the projection screen 10 a larger viewing angle.
  • a protective layer can be added to prevent scratching or chemical corrosion.
  • other auxiliary function layers can also be set according to the design needs.
  • the total reflection layer 12 includes a transparent substrate 120, a microstructure layer 121, and an inner layer 122.
  • the transparent substrate 120 is located on the side of the total reflection layer 12 closest to the light diffusion layer 13 and is in contact with the light diffusion layer 13, wherein the transparent substrate 120 includes a transparent material such as PET, PC or PMMA.
  • the microstructure layer 121 is disposed on the opposite side of the side of the transparent substrate 120 that is in contact with the light diffusion layer 13.
  • the microstructure layer 121 is made of a resin material, and the resin is usually an epoxy resin adhesive, an acrylate adhesive, a polyester adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, or a polyimide adhesive.
  • the transparent substrate 120 and the microstructured layer 121 are integrally formed by a UV coating device or a thermoforming device.
  • the inner layer 122 is formed on the side of the microstructure layer 121 near the light absorbing layer 11 and is in contact with the light absorbing layer 11.
  • the material forming the inner layer 122 has a lower refractive index than the material forming the microstructure layer 121.
  • the surface of the microstructure layer 121 adjacent to the inner layer 122 is provided with a plurality of microstructure units.
  • the microstructure layer 121 includes three intersecting inclined planes 1241, 1242, and 1243, wherein the inclined planes 1241, 1242, and 1243 are in contact with the inner layer 122.
  • the three intersecting planes are illustrated as having different tilt angles with respect to a plane parallel to the projection screen (ie, a vertical plane, hereinafter simply referred to as a "screen plane"). 3 line segments connected in turn.
  • the planes 1241 and 1242 are inclined differently with respect to the screen plane, and the plane 1243 is connected to the planes 1241 and 1242 and between the planes 1241 and 1242.
  • the microstructure layer 121 is a row of rotationally symmetrical truncated prisms formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 120, and the planes 1241, 1242, and 1243 are the microstructure layers 121.
  • such prisms are processed by using a coating resin and a UV curing or heat curing process.
  • a reflective layer 14 is provided on the side of the plane 1243 of the microstructured layer 121 near the light absorbing layer 11.
  • the reflective layer 14 may be, for example, a white diffuse reflective layer (as shown in a of FIG. 3) or a specularly reflective layer (shown as b in FIG. 3) disposed on the plane 1243 of the microstructured layer 121 by a plating or spraying process.
  • the diffuse reflection layer may be formed, for example, of a white resin doped with a diffuse reflection material.
  • the specularly reflective layer can be, for example, a metallic reflective layer such as a silver reflective layer.
  • the material and formation method of the reflective layer 14 are not limited thereto, and any known suitable materials and methods may be employed.
  • the incident angle range of the projection light of the ultra short throw projector to the projection screen (the first angular range, for example, 30 degrees to 80 degrees) and the projection light of the telephoto projector are incident on the projection screen.
  • the incident angle range (the second angular range, for example, 0 to 30 degrees) differs greatly, so that the incident light from the ultra short throw projector can be made by cleverly setting the tilt directions and tilt angles of the planes 1241 and 1242 and the plane 1243.
  • the plane 1241 constitutes a first total reflection portion
  • the plane 1242 constitutes a second total reflection portion
  • the plane 1243 and the reflection layer 14 Together, a reflection portion between the first total reflection portion and the second total reflection portion is formed.
  • the first total reflection portion and the second total reflection portion cause incident light rays from the ultra-short-throw projector to be totally totally reflected twice into the field of view of the viewer, and the reflection portion is used to reflect incident light from the telephoto projector Put it into the viewer's field of view.
  • the ambient stray light 127 is mainly from the ceiling lights in the room. In most cases, the overhead light is away from the axis of rotation of the rotationally symmetric structure of the microstructure unit of the screen. Therefore, the incident angle of the ambient stray light 127 is smaller than the incident angle of the projected light from the ultra-short-focus projector, but larger than the incident angle of the projected light from the telephoto projector. Therefore, the ambient stray light 127 cannot satisfy the condition that the total reflection occurs twice in the plane 1241 and the plane 1242, and cannot be reflected by the reflective layer 14 in the direction of the field of view of the viewer, but is passed through the light absorbing layer through the microstructure unit. 11 absorbs or is reflected by the reflective layer 14 to the ground direction.
  • the projection screen 10 utilizes the angle selective reflection characteristics of the total reflection layer 12 and the reflection layer 14 so that the screen can reflect the projected light from the ultra short throw projector to the viewer's view. Within the field range, the projected light from the telephoto projector can be reflected into the viewer's field of view. At the same time, the projection screen 10 is also capable of automatically distinguishing between projected light and ambient light, and the light absorbing layer 11 for absorbing ambient stray light is integrally disposed inside the total reflection layer 12, thereby achieving high contrast.
  • FIGS. 4 through 6 The optical principle of a total reflection microstructure unit. 4 shows an example of an optical path when the projection screen 10 is used for an ultra short throw projector, and FIG. 5 shows an example of an optical path when the projection screen 10 is used for a telephoto projector, and FIG. 6 shows an environment when An example of the optical path when the stray light is incident on the projection screen 10. It should be noted that the reflective layer 14 is omitted in FIGS. 4 and 6.
  • the refractive index of the microstructure layer 121 is n 1 and the refractive index of the inner layer 122 is n 2 , and the three intersecting planes 1241, 1242, 1243 of the microstructure unit are relative to the plane of the screen (ie, the vertical direction).
  • the inclination angles are ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 (in degrees, the same below).
  • the angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray and the vertical direction are ⁇ and ⁇ (in degrees, the same below).
  • ⁇ when the reflected light is emitted horizontally, ⁇ is obviously 0 degrees, and is set: when the reflected light is below the horizontal line (ie, biased to the ground), ⁇ is a negative value, when the reflected light is above the horizontal line (ie, biased toward the ceiling) ⁇ is a positive value; ⁇ 3 is a positive value when the plane 1243 is tilted counterclockwise with respect to the vertical direction, and ⁇ 3 is a negative value when the plane 1243 is tilted clockwise with respect to the vertical direction.
  • the optical path of the intermediate light can be adjusted according to different application requirements (ie, the ⁇ is adjusted).
  • the value is selected within a certain range for the values of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 .
  • the projector is located below the screen, so ⁇ >0 is always true; and the viewer's eyes are above the projector, in order to ensure that the outgoing light is incident on the viewer's eyes, ⁇ + ⁇ > 0 is always true; in this case, it can be obtained by formula (1):
  • the angle formed by the two inclined planes 1241 and 1242 of the microstructure unit of the projection screen according to the present invention must be an obtuse angle.
  • the intermediate light rays from the total reflection of the incident light ray 123 from the ultra-short-throw projector through the inclined plane 1241 of the microstructure unit are traveling in the microstructure layer 121 in a direction parallel to the plane of the screen.
  • ⁇ 0 degrees
  • ⁇ 0 degrees
  • ⁇ 0 degrees
  • ⁇ 2 45 degrees
  • ⁇ 1 ⁇ 45 degrees That is, ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2 .
  • a set of inclined planes 1241 and 1242 of the microstructure unit have an optical structure as described above, as shown in FIG. 4, most of the incident light ray 123 from the ultra short throw projector is at a set of inclined planes 1241 of the microstructure unit and Two total reflections occur at 1242 and are reflected within the viewer's field of view.
  • a small portion of the incident light ray 123 from the ultra-short-throw projector may also be reflected by the reflective layer 14 to the ceiling direction or through the total reflection layer 12 at the plane 1242, and absorbed by the inner light absorbing layer 11.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an optical path when the projection screen 10 is used for a telephoto projector.
  • the projection screen 10 is used in a telephoto projector, as shown in FIG. 5, a portion of the incident ray 123 is reflected by the diffuse reflection layer or specular reflection layer 14 in the reflection portion of the microstructure unit back into the field of view of the viewer. Since the incident ray of the telephoto projector can be considered to be incident at an angle approximately perpendicular to the plane of the vertical screen, in order to reflect the incident ray into the field of view of the viewer, the tilt angle ⁇ 3 of the plane 1243 with respect to the plane of the screen needs to be satisfied.
  • the tilt angle of the plane 1243 can be adjusted within a certain range according to the up and down position of the telephoto projector with respect to the screen.
  • ⁇ 3 0 is preferred.
  • planes 1241 and 1242 for totally reflecting the projected rays from the ultra-short-throw projector and for reflection from the telephoto projection
  • the ratio of the extension length of the plane 1243 (ie, the reflection portion) of the projection light of the machine also has a large influence on the optical performance of the screen.
  • the ratio of the extension length of the plane 1243 to the total extension length of the planes 1241, 1242, and 1243 ie, the length of the line segment 1243 and the line segment 1241, the line segment 1242, and the line segment 1243 in the main cross-sectional views of FIGS. 4-6).
  • the ratio of the total length should be greater than 0.2 and less than 0.8.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example of an optical path when ambient stray light is incident on the projection screen 10.
  • the ambient stray light is generally mainly derived from the ceiling or the light above the wall.
  • the incident angle of the ambient stray light on the projection screen is much smaller than the incident angle of the projected light emitted from the ultra-short-focus projector located at a close distance below the screen. Therefore, when the ambient stray light 127 is incident on the projection screen from the ceiling side, the ambient stray light cannot satisfy the condition of two total reflections on the planes 1241 and 1242, and is substantially not reflected by the reflection portion to the viewer.
  • the projection screen uses a specularly reflective layer that has better ambient light resistance than a diffuse reflective layer.
  • the projection screen 10 has a rotationally symmetrical structure and includes a plurality of microstructure units.
  • the angular design of each microstructure unit can be the same or different.
  • ⁇ 1 of the microstructure unit gradually decreases as it approaches the upper side of the screen, and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 , thus satisfying the above formula (6).
  • the value of ⁇ 1 of the microstructure unit of the projection screen is continuously decreased while ⁇ 2 The value continues to increase.
  • the microstructure layer 121 of the projection screen according to the present invention is generally made of a transparent resin material having a refractive index in the range of 1.3 to 1.7.
  • the microstructure layer 121 can also be made using other materials having similar refractive indices. Further, it is also possible to dope the material for forming the microstructure layer 121 with a scattering ion or an absorbing material or the like.
  • the incident ray V can be expressed as (V x , V y , V z ), where the z-axis is perpendicular to the screen and the X, Y-axis is parallel to the screen. Obviously, the total reflection area of the incident ray depends on the range of values of V x and V y . V z meets:
  • the components (V x , V y ) of the incident ray satisfying the total reflection condition can be obtained according to the above formulas (2) and (3).
  • the range of values varies with the refractive index n 2 of the inner layer 122.
  • n 2 increases, the area of incident light that satisfies total reflection at both bevels of the microstructured unit is decreasing.
  • n 2 increases, the probability that light emitted from the projector will not be totally reflected twice on the two slopes of the microstructure unit increases. Therefore, in order to ensure a certain screen reflection efficiency, it is necessary to make n 1 and n 2 satisfy:
  • the inner layer 122 may be an air layer if the above conditions are satisfied.
  • the top end of the microstructure layer 121 may be directly bonded to the light absorbing layer 11.
  • a to c of Fig. 7 respectively show three commercial optical scattering film structures which can be used as the light diffusion layer 13: a bulk scattering film, an irregular surface scattering film, and a regular surface microlens array film. These scattering film materials can be used to increase the visual range of the screen, and can be used alone or stacked as needed. For example, a bulk scattering film and a regular surface microlens array film may be sequentially laminated on the outer side of the total reflection layer. The number and type of cascading is not Limited to this.
  • a total reflection layer and a light diffusion layer are separately formed, and then optically bonded.
  • the light scattering layer and the total reflection layer may be separately formed by performing different surface processes on both surfaces of the same substrate (for example, PET).

Abstract

一种投影屏幕（10）和投影系统，投影系统包括投影屏幕（10）和投影机，投影屏幕（10）包括从投影光线（123）的入射侧依次布置的光扩散层（13）、全反射层（12）和光吸收层（11），光吸收层（11）能够吸收入射的光线，光扩散层（13）用于增大出射的光线的发散角，全反射层（12）至少包括位于光扩散层（13）侧的微结构层（121）和位于光吸收层（11）侧的内侧层（122），微结构层（121）的折射率大于内侧层（122）的折射率，微结构层（121）上设置有多个微结构单元，多个微结构单元在投影屏幕（10）的平面内连续延伸并且旋转对称。通过巧妙地设置全反射层（12）的微结构以及白色漫反射层（14）和/或镜面反射层（14），能够使来自超短焦投影机的投影光线（123）和来自长焦投影机的投影光线（123）均能够被投影屏幕（10）反射至观看者的视场范围内，使得一块投影屏幕（10）能够兼用于超短焦投影机和长焦投影机。

Description

投影屏幕和投影系统 技术领域
本发明涉及投影屏幕和投影系统。具体地，本发明涉及一种能够抗环境光并且能够适用于长焦投影机和超短焦投影机的多焦段用投影屏幕和使用该投影屏幕的投影系统。
背景技术
近年来，随着投影机亮度的不断提高，投影显示系统在大尺寸家庭影院应用中的优势开始体现出来。相比于LCD电视和OLED电视，投影显示系统的尺寸小，便于安装，可以轻松实现大于100寸的显示画面，并且整套系统价格相对较低。
传统的投影机被称为长焦投影机，这种投影机在屏幕上投射出80寸的画面通常需要3米以上的距离，透射光线以较很小的入射角入射在屏幕上，因此也被成为直投投影机。由于室内空间有限，长焦投影机往往难以在室内透射出大的投影画面，于是短焦甚至超短焦投影机应运而生。目前市面上的超短焦投影机能够在1米以内的距离透射出80寸以上的画面。由于长焦投影机和超短焦投影机相对于屏幕摆放的距离和位置不同，所以需要具有不同的光学结构的屏幕，导致一块屏幕无法被长焦投影机和超短焦投影机共用，增加了用户的使用成本，降低了空间利用率。
此外，在家庭应用环境中，投影显示系统往往被安装在客厅中。客厅通常具有良好的自然采光条件以及明亮的照明光源，因而存在大量的环境杂光。一般的投影机屏幕既能反射投影机的光线也能反射环境光的光线。在这样的环境中，由于受到环境光的影响，经投影屏幕反射的光线形成的画面的对比度远远低于投影机自身的对比度。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明期望提供一种能够被长焦投影机和超短焦投影机共用的并且抗环境光的投影屏幕和投影系统。
根据本发明的实施例，公开了一种投影屏幕，其能够将投影光线反射至观看者的视场范围内，其中：
所述投影屏幕包括从所述投影光线的入射侧依次布置的光扩散层、全反射层和光吸收层，所述光吸收层能够吸收入射的光线，所述光扩散层用于增大出射的光线的发散角，
所述全反射层至少包括位于所述光扩散层侧的微结构层和位于所述光吸收层侧的内侧层，所述微结构层的折射率大于所述内侧层的折射率，所述微结构层上设置有多个微结构单元，多个所述微结构单元在所述投影屏幕的平面内连续延伸并且旋转对称，其中：每个微结构单元包括第一平面、第二平面和连接所述第一平面和所述第二平面的第三平面，所述第一平面和所述第二平面相对于与所述投影屏幕平行的平面的倾斜方向不同，所述第三平面在所述光吸收层侧设置有反射层，并且
所述第一平面、所述第二平面和所述第三平面相对于与所述投影屏幕平行的平面的倾斜角被设置为使得：以第一角度范围内的入射角入射的所述投影光线的至少一部分连续在所述第一平面和所述第二平面处发生全反射进入观看者的所述视场范围内，以第二角度范围内的入射角入射的所述投影光线的至少一部分在所述第三平面处被所述反射层反射至观看者的所述视场范围内。
本发明还公开一种投影系统，所述系统包括如上所述的投影屏幕以及投影机。
如上所述，根据本发明的投影屏幕和投影系统至少具有如下优点：
(1)通过巧妙地设置全反射层的微结构以及白色漫反射层和/或镜面反射层，能够使来自超短焦投影机的投影光线和来自长焦投影机的投影光线均能够被屏幕反射至观看者的视场范围内，使得一块屏幕能够兼用于超短焦投影机和长焦投影机。
(2)用于吸收环境杂光的光吸收层整体地设置在微结构的背面，投影光线不会被光吸收层吸收，提高了光学效率。
应当理解，本发明的有益效果不限于上述效果，而可以是本文中说明的任何有益效果。
附图说明
图1是示出了根据本发明实施例的投影屏幕的结构示意图。
图2是示出了根据本发明实施例的的投影屏幕的全反射层的旋转对 称结构的示意图。
图3的a和b示出了不同的投影光线以及环境杂光照射至根据本发明实施例的投影屏幕时的光路情况的主截面结构示意图。
图4是示出了根据本发明实施例的投影屏幕的微结构单元的主截面结构以及用于超短焦投影机时的光路的示意图。
图5是示出了根据本发明实施例的投影屏幕的微结构单元的主截面结构以及用于长焦投影机时的光路的示意图。
图6是示出了环境杂光照射在根据本发明实施例的投影屏幕时的光路示意图。
图7是示出了根据本发明实施例的投影屏幕的散射薄膜层的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面，将参照附图详细说明根据本发明的各具体实施例。需要强调的是，附图中的所有尺寸仅是示意性的并且不一定是按照真实比例图示的，因而不具有限定性。例如，应当理解，图示出投影屏幕中的各层结构中各层的厚度、厚度比例以及角度并不是按照实际的尺寸和比例示出的，仅是为了图示方便。
一、全反射投影系统概述
图1是示出了根据本发明实施例的投影屏幕的结构示意图。如图1中所示，投影屏幕10包括从投影光线的入射侧依次层叠布置的光扩散层13、全反射层12和光吸收层11。投影光线能够透过光扩散层13入射至全反射层12。在下文中，也将投影屏幕10的投影光线的入射侧称为屏幕的外侧(即，面向观众一侧)，将光吸收层侧称为屏幕的内侧(即，背向观众一侧)。全反射层12形成有由重复布置的大量微结构单元构成的微结构单元阵列。如图2所示，全反射层12的微结构单元在屏幕平面上具有旋转对称的阵列排布结构。该旋转对称的阵列排布结构的旋转中心(光学中心)轴线垂直于屏幕平面且位于屏幕的下方。优选地，投影机布置在该旋转中心轴线上。
光吸收层11能够吸收照射在其上的光束。例如，光吸收层11是黑色的光吸收层。光扩散层13用于扩散从全反射层12反射出的准直光束，以使投影屏幕10具有更大的可视角度。此外，在光扩散层13的外侧还 可以添加设置保护层以防止刮伤或者化学腐蚀。当然，还可以根据设计需要设置其它的辅助功能层。
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的投影屏幕的全反射层12的微结构单元的截面结构示意图。所图1所示，全反射层12包括透明基材120、微结构层121和内侧层122。透明基材120位于全反射层12的最靠近光扩散层13侧并且与光扩散层13接触，其中所述透明基材120包括PET、PC或PMMA等透明材料。微结构层121设置在透明基材120的与光扩散层13接触的一侧的相对侧。其中，所述微结构层121采用树脂材料，所述树脂通常为环氧树脂胶系、丙烯酸酯胶系、聚酯胶系、聚氨酯胶系或聚酰亚胺胶系等。透明基材120和微结构层121通过UV涂布设备或者热成型设备形成一体。内侧层122形成在微结构层121的靠近光吸收层11侧，并且与光吸收层11相接触。形成内侧层122的材料的折射率低于形成微结构层121的材料的折射率。所述微结构层121与内侧层122相邻的表面设置有多个微结构单元。其中，图1示出了微结构层121中的4个微结构单元的主截面示图。图4至图6则详细示出了一个微结构单元的主截面图。由图，可知，在每一个微结构单元中，微结构层121包括3个相交的倾斜平面1241、1242和1243，其中所述倾斜平面1241、1242和1243与内侧层122接触。在每一个微结构单元的主截面示图中，这3个相交平面被图示为相对于与投影屏幕平行的平面(即，垂直平面，下文中简称为“屏幕平面”)具有不同倾斜角的3条依次连接的线段。其中平面1241和1242相对于屏幕平面的倾斜方向不同，且平面1243连接平面1241和1242并且位于平面1241与1242之间。换言之，在全反射层12的每一个微结构单元中，微结构层121是在透明基材120的表面上形成的一排旋转对称的截头棱镜，平面1241、1242和1243是微结构层121与内侧层122这两种不同的材料层之间的界面，其中微结构层121为第一材料层，所述内侧层122为第二材料层。例如，这样的棱镜是通过采用对涂布树脂和UV固化或热固化工艺加工而成的。此外，如图1和图5中所示，在微结构层121的平面1243靠近光吸收层11侧设置有反射层14。反射层14例如可以是采用镀覆或喷涂工艺设置在微结构层121的平面1243上的白色漫反射层(如图3的a所示)或镜面反射层(如图3的b所示)。漫反射层例如可以由掺杂了漫反射材料的白色树脂形成。 镜面反射层例如可以是诸如银反射层的金属反射层。应当理解，反射层14的材料和形成方法不限于此，而是可以采用任何已知的适合材料和方法。如下文中将要详细说明地，由于超短焦投影机的投影光线入射至投影屏幕的入射角度范围(第一角度范围，例如30度至80度)和长焦投影机的投影光线入射至投影屏幕的入射角度范围(第二角度范围，例如0度至30度)相差较大，所以通过巧妙地设置平面1241和1242以及平面1243的倾斜方向和倾斜角度，能够使来自超短焦投影机的入射光线123在两个平面1241和1242处连续发生全反射，最终反射到观看者的视场范围内，并且使来自长焦投影机的入射光线123能够在入射至平面1243时被反射层14反射，进入观看者的视场范围内。因此，在微结构层121中的位于微结构层121与内侧层122之间的界面处，平面1241构成了第一全反射部，平面1242构成了第二全反射部，平面1243和反射层14一起构成了位于第一全反射部和第二全反射部之间的反射部。第一全反射部和第二全反射部使来自超短焦投影机的入射光线连续发生两次全反射而进入观看者的视场范围内，反射部用于反射来自长焦投影机的入射光线使其进入观看者的视场范围内。
此外，环境杂光127主要来自于房间中的顶灯。在绝大部分情况下，顶灯远离屏幕的微结构单元的旋转对称结构的旋转轴线。因此，环境杂光127的入射角小于来自超短焦投影机的投影光线的入射角度，但是又大于来自长焦投影机的投影光线的入射角度。因此，环境杂光127无法满足在平面1241和平面1242连续发生两次全反射的条件，也无法被反射层14反射至观看者的视场范围方向，而是透过微结构单元被光吸收层11吸收或被反射层14反射至地面方向。
如上所述，根据本发明实施例的投影屏幕10利用了全反射层12和反射层14的角度选择性反射特性，使得屏幕既能够将来自超短焦投影机的投影光线反射至观看者的视场范围内，又能够将来自长焦投影机的投影光线反射至观看者的视场范围内。同时，投影屏幕10还能够自动区分投影光线与环境光线，并且用于吸收环境杂光的光吸收层11整体地设置在全反射层12的内侧，从而实现了高对比度。
二、全反射微结构单元的光学原理及角度选择
下面，将参照图4至图6详细说明根据本发明实施例的投影屏幕10 的全反射微结构单元的光学原理。其中，图4示出了当投影屏幕10用于超短焦投影机时的光路示例，图5示出了当投影屏幕10用于长焦投影机时的光路示例，图6示出了当环境杂光入射至投影屏幕10时的光路示例。需要说明的是，在图4和图6中省略了反射层14。
如图4所示，微结构层121的折射率为n1和内侧层122的折射率为n2，微结构单元的3个相交平面1241、1242、1243相对于屏幕平面(即，垂直方向)的倾斜角分别为θ1、θ2和θ3(单位为度，下同)。入射光线和反射光线与垂直方向的夹角分别为α和β(单位为度，下同)。其中，当反射光线水平出射时，β显然为0度，并且设定：当反射光线在水平线以下(即，偏向地面)时β为负值，当反射光线在水平线以上(即，偏向天花板)时β为正值；当平面1243相对于垂直方向逆时针倾斜时θ3为正值，当平面1243相对于垂直方向顺时针倾斜时θ3为负值。
为了使来自超短焦投影机的入射光线123在倾斜平面1241和1242上发生两次全反射后向着观看者的眼睛方向出射，根据几何光学原理和光学全反射条件，必须要满足如下的公式(1)～(3)：
Figure PCTCN2017114728-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017114728-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2017114728-appb-000003
基于上述公式(1)～(3)并不能完全确定θ1和θ2的值，还留有一定的设计自由度。假设入射光线和出射光线之间的中间光线与屏幕平面(即，垂直方向)的夹角为γ，并且设定当中间光线偏向观众侧时γ为正值，当中间光线偏向观众侧时γ为负值。则根据几何光学原理和光学全反射条件可以计算出：
Figure PCTCN2017114728-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2017114728-appb-000005
由公式(4)和(5)可知，只要确定了入射光线、出射光线和中间 光线的光路(即，确定了α、β和γ)，就可以完全确定微结构的两个相交平面1241和1242的倾斜角度θ1和θ2。
此外，由公式(4)和(5)还可知，即便在确定了入射光线、出射光线的光路的情况下，还可以根据根据不同的应用需求，通过调整中间光线的光路(即，调整γ的取值)在一定范围内对θ1和θ2的取值进行选择。例如，在超短焦投影的应用中，投影机位于屏幕的下方，所以α>0总是成立；且观众的眼睛位于投影机的上方，为了保证出射光线入射至观众眼睛，所以α+β>0也总是成立；在此情况下，由公式(1)可以得到：
θ1+θ2＜90          (6)
由公式(6)可知，在超短焦投影的应用中，根据本发明的投影屏幕的微结构单元的两个倾斜平面1241和1242形成的夹角必须为钝角。
另外，由上述分析可知，来自超短焦投影机的入射光线123经过微结构单元的倾斜平面1241的全反射后的中间光线在微结构层121中沿着与屏幕平面平行的方向行进是优选的。此时，γ＝0度，β＝0度，当θ2＝45度，出射光线沿着与屏幕垂直的出射即β＝0度，再依据上述公式(6)可知θ1<45度，也即θ1<θ2。
由于微结构单元的一组倾斜平面1241和1242具有如上所述的光学结构，如图4中所示，来自超短焦投影机的大部分入射光线123在微结构单元的一组倾斜平面1241和1242处发生两次全反射，被反射至观看者的视场范围内。此外，来自超短焦投影机的小部分入射光线123也可能被反射层14反射至天花板方向或者在平面1242处透过全反射层12，被内侧的光吸收层11吸收。
图5图示了当投影屏幕10用于长焦投影机时的光路示例。当投影屏幕10被用于长焦投影机时，如图5所示，一部分入射光线123在微结构单元的反射部被漫反射层或镜面反射层14反射回观看者的视场范围内。由于长焦投影机的入射光线可以认为是以近似与垂直屏幕平面的角度入射的，所以为了将入射光线反射至观看者的视场范围内，平面1243相对于屏幕平面的倾斜角θ3需要满足如下关系式：
-30＜θ3＜30           (7)
也即是，可以根据长焦投影机相对于屏幕的上下位置在一定范围内 调整平面1243的倾斜角。特别地，θ3＝0是优选的。
此外，另一部分入射光线123照射在微结构单元的倾斜平面1241和1242上，这部分光线要么被反射至天花板或地面方向，要么透过全反射层12，被光吸收层11吸收。
在微结构单元中，除了相对于屏幕平面的倾斜角度之外，用于全反射来自超短焦投影机的投影光线的平面1241和1242(即，全反射部)与用于反射来自长焦投影机的投影光线的平面1243(即，反射部)的延伸长度的比例也对屏幕的光学性能有着较大的影响。通过实验可知，平面1243的延伸长度与平面1241、1242和1243的总延伸长度之比(即，在图4至图6的主截面图中，线段1243的长度与线段1241、线段1242和线段1243的总长度的比值)应当大于0.2且小于0.8。
与上述情况相对比，图6图示了当环境杂光入射至投影屏幕10时的光路示例。在投影系统的实际使用环境中，环境杂光一般主要来源于天花板或墙壁上方的灯具。因而，环境杂光在投影屏幕上的入射角度要远小于从位于屏幕下方近距离处的超短焦投影机发出的投影光线的入射角。因此，当环境杂光127从天花板一侧入射到投影屏幕上的时候，环境杂光无法满足在平面1241和1242发生两次全反射的条件，也基本上不会被反射部反射至观看者的视场范围内，所以要么透过全反射层12被光吸收层11完全吸收，要么被反射至地面。特别地，当反射层14为镜面反射层时，照射在反射层14的环境杂光几乎全部被反射向地面方向，而当反射层14为漫反射层时，照射在反射层14的环境杂光则可能会有一部分能够进入到观众的视场范围内。因此，就尽量减少进入观看者视场范围内的环境杂光而言，投影屏幕使用镜面反射层比使用漫反射层具有更好的抗环境光特性。
此外，如上所述，根据本发明的投影屏幕10具有旋转对称结构，且包含多个微结构单元。因此，每个微结构单元的角度设计可以是相同的或不同的。例如，为了使出射光线始终水平地射向观看者的方向，所以β＝0度且θ2＝45度一直成立。根据模拟结果可知，微结构单元的θ1随着靠近屏幕的上方而逐渐减小，且θ1<θ2，因而满足上述公式(6)。或者，也可以在满足上述公式(1)至(6)的前提下，沿着从屏幕的中心至屏幕边缘的方向，投影屏幕的微结构单元的θ1的取值不断减小而θ2的取值不断 增大。
三、全反射微结构单元的折射率选择
除了θ1至θ3的取值之外，由光学全反射公式可知，满足两次全反射的全反射微结构单元还受到微结构层121的折射率n1和内侧层122的折射率n2的影响。根据本发明的投影屏幕的微结构层121通常是由透明树脂材料制成的，其折射率在1.3～1.7的范围内。或者，微结构层121也可以使用具有类似折射率的其它材料制成。另外，还可以在制成微结构层121的材料中掺杂散射离子或吸收材料等。因而，为了满足全反射的条件，需要考虑内侧层122的折射率n2的选择。入射光线V可以表示成(Vx,Vy,Vz)，其中z轴垂直于屏幕，而X,Y轴平行于屏幕。显然，入射光线的全反射区域取决于Vx和Vy的取值范围。Vz满足：
Figure PCTCN2017114728-appb-000006
假定出射光线朝向观看者的眼睛且微结构层121的折射率n1为1.6，根据上述公式(2)和(3)可以获得满足全反射条件的入射光线的分量(Vx,Vy)的取值范围随内侧层122的折射率n2的变化趋势。随着n2的增大，满足在微结构单元的两个斜面均发生全反射的入射光线的区域不断减少。换言之，随着n2的增大，从投影机发出的光线无法在微结构单元的两个斜面发生两次全反射的几率增大。因此，为了保证一定的屏幕反射效率，需要使n1和n2满足：
n2<n1-0.2          (9)
应当理解，在满足上述条件的情况下，内侧层122可以是空气层。在此情况下，微结构层121的顶端可以直接粘接至光吸收层11。
四、光扩散层的选择
如上所述，投影光线经过全反射层12反射后，出射光线的发散角一般都很小，为了增加投影画面的可视范围，可以在全反射层12的外侧设置光扩散层13。图7的a～c分别示出了3种可以用作光扩散层13的商业化光学散射薄膜结构：体散射薄膜，不规则表面散射薄膜和规则表面微透镜阵列薄膜。这几种散射薄膜材料都可以用来增加屏幕的可视范围，并且可以根据需要单独使用或层叠使用。例如，可以在全反射层的外侧依次层叠体散射薄膜和规则表面微透镜阵列薄膜。层叠的数量和种类不 限于此。
在使用光学散射薄膜作为光扩散层的情况下，先分别制成全反射层和光扩散层，然后光学贴合。可替代地，也可以通过对同一基材(例如，PET)的两个表面进行不同的表面加工，分别形成光散射层和全反射层。
尽管在上面已经参照附图说明了根据本发明的发光设备，但是本发明不限于此，且本领域技术人员应理解，在不偏离本发明随附权利要求书限定的实质或范围的情况下，可以做出各种改变、组合、次组合以及变型。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种投影屏幕，其能够将投影光线反射至观看者的视场范围内，其特征在于，
    所述投影屏幕包括从所述投影光线的入射侧依次布置的光扩散层、全反射层和光吸收层，所述光吸收层能够吸收入射的光线，所述光扩散层用于增大出射的光线的发散角，
    所述全反射层至少包括位于所述光扩散层侧的微结构层和位于所述光吸收层侧的内侧层，所述微结构层的折射率大于所述内侧层的折射率，所述微结构层上设置有多个微结构单元，多个所述微结构单元在所述投影屏幕的平面内连续延伸并且旋转对称，
    其中：每个微结构单元包括第一平面、第二平面和连接所述第一平面和所述第二平面的第三平面，所述第一平面和所述第二平面相对于与所述投影屏幕平行的平面的倾斜方向不同，所述第三平面在所述光吸收层侧设置有反射层，并且
    所述第一平面、所述第二平面和所述第三平面相对于与所述投影屏幕平行的平面的倾斜角被设置为使得：以第一角度范围内的入射角入射的所述投影光线的至少一部分连续在所述第一平面和所述第二平面处发生全反射进入观看者的所述视场范围内，以第二角度范围内的入射角入射的所述投影光线的至少一部分在所述第三平面处被所述反射层反射至观看者的所述视场范围内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述全反射层还包括透明基材层，所述微结构单元通过涂布树脂，并经过UV固化或热成型方式固化于所述透明基材层上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述第一平面、所述第二平面和所述第三平面相对于与所述投影屏幕平行的平面的倾斜角分别为θ1、θ2和θ3，其中，
    θ1和θ2满足关系：θ1+θ2＜90，并且
    θ3满足关系：-30＜θ3＜30。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，在多个所述微结构单元中，所述θ2均等于45度。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，在多个所述微结构单元中，所述θ1是不同的，所述θ2是不同的，所述θ3也是不同的。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述反射层是漫反射层或镜面反射层。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述第一材料层的折射率n1和所述第二材料层的折射率n2满足关系：n2<n1-0.2。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述第一平面、所述第二平面和所述第三平面在沿着垂直方向与平行于所述投影屏幕的平面正交的主截面中分别具有第一长度L1、第二长度L2和第三长度L3，所述L1、所述L2和所述L3满足如下关系：
    Figure PCTCN2017114728-appb-100001
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述光扩散层是由体散射薄膜、不规则表面散射薄膜和规则表面微透镜阵列薄膜中的一者形成的；或者
    所述光扩散层是通过层叠体散射薄膜、不规则表面散射薄膜和规则表面微透镜阵列薄膜中的至少一者而形成的。
  10. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述第二材料层是空气层。
  11. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，所述第一平面和所述第二平面被设置为使得所述投影光线在两者之中的 一者处发生第一次全反射之后，沿着与所述投影屏幕平行的方向行进。
  12. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的投影屏幕，其特征在于，旋转对称的多个所述微结构单元的旋转中心轴线垂直于与所述投影屏幕平行的平面且位于所述投影屏幕的下方。
  13. 一种投影系统，所述系统包括如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的投影屏幕以及投影机。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的投影系统，其特征在于，所述投影机是位于所述投影屏幕下方的超短焦投影机，来自所述投影机的所述投影光线以所述第一角度范围内的入射角入射至所述投影屏幕。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的投影系统，其特征在于，所述投影机是长焦投影机，来自所述投影机的所述投影光线以所述第二角度范围内的入射角入射至所述投影屏幕。
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