WO2019021580A1 - Dispositif optique - Google Patents

Dispositif optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019021580A1
WO2019021580A1 PCT/JP2018/018566 JP2018018566W WO2019021580A1 WO 2019021580 A1 WO2019021580 A1 WO 2019021580A1 JP 2018018566 W JP2018018566 W JP 2018018566W WO 2019021580 A1 WO2019021580 A1 WO 2019021580A1
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Prior art keywords
electrode
refractive index
substrate
optical device
voltage
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PCT/JP2018/018566
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
太田　益幸
ちぐさ 尾崎
伊藤　宜弘
一樹 北村
裕子 鈴鹿
Original Assignee
パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Priority claimed from JP2017145865A external-priority patent/JP2020160097A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2018061436A external-priority patent/JP2020160098A/ja
Application filed by パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 filed Critical パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Publication of WO2019021580A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019021580A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical device, and more particularly to an optical device capable of distributing incident light.
  • a light distribution device capable of distributing incident light has been proposed as an optical device.
  • Such an optical device is used for windows of buildings or cars.
  • an optical device by installing an optical device in a window of a building, it is possible to change the traveling direction of outside light such as sunlight incident from the outside and introduce the outside light toward the ceiling of the room (for example, patent documents 1, 2).
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a liquid crystal optical element including a pair of transparent substrates, a pair of transparent electrodes disposed inside the pair of transparent substrates, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of transparent electrodes. It is done.
  • the traveling direction of light incident on the light distribution device is changed by changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer according to the voltage applied to the pair of transparent electrodes.
  • JP 2012-259951 A WO 2015/056736 JP 2012-173534 A
  • the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and an object thereof is to provide an optical device having excellent light distribution performance.
  • one aspect of the first optical device is a first substrate having light transmittance, and a second light transmittance disposed opposite to the first substrate.
  • the variable refractive index layer includes an insulating liquid, and charged nanoparticles dispersed in the insulating liquid, and the refractive index of the nanoparticle is the refractive index of the insulating liquid. Higher than the rate.
  • one aspect of the second optical device is an optical device for controlling incident light, which is a first substrate having optical transparency, and light disposed facing the first substrate.
  • one aspect of the third optical device is a first substrate having light transparency, a second substrate having light transparency disposed opposite to the first substrate, and the first substrate.
  • a first electrode disposed on the second substrate side of the substrate, a concavo-convex structure disposed on the second substrate side of the first electrode, and a second disposed on the first substrate side of the second substrate
  • An electrode, and a nanoparticle dispersion layer disposed between the uneven structure and the second electrode and having an insulating liquid and charged nanoparticles dispersed in the insulating liquid, the first electrode and the electrode
  • the particle distribution of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle dispersion layer changes according to the voltage applied between the second electrode and the second electrode.
  • an optical device having excellent light distribution performance can be realized.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the optical device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the optical device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3A is a diagram for explaining a first optical action of the optical device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3B is a view for explaining a second optical function of the optical device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3C is a diagram for explaining a third optical function of the optical device according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the optical device according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the optical device according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 6A is a diagram for explaining a first optical action of the optical device according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 6B is a diagram for describing a second optical function of the optical device according to Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 6C is a diagram for describing a third optical function of the optical device according to
  • the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis represent three axes of a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system, and in the present embodiment, the Z-axis direction is the vertical direction and is perpendicular to the Z-axis.
  • Direction (direction parallel to the XY plane) is the horizontal direction.
  • the X axis and the Y axis are axes orthogonal to each other and both orthogonal to the Z axis. Note that the positive direction of the Z-axis direction is vertically downward.
  • the “thickness direction” means the thickness direction of the optical device, and the direction perpendicular to the main surfaces of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 (in the present embodiment, the Y-axis direction) It is
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the optical device 1 according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the same optical device 1 and shows an enlarged view of a region II surrounded by a broken line in FIG.
  • the optical device 1 is a light control device that controls light incident on the optical device 1. Specifically, the optical device 1 controls the traveling direction of light incident on the optical device 1.
  • the optical device 1 is a light distribution device capable of changing the traveling direction of incident light (for example, distributing light) and emitting the light.
  • the optical device 1 includes a first substrate 10, a second substrate 20, a first electrode 30, a second electrode 40, a concavo-convex structure 50, and a refractive index variable layer 60. Equipped with
  • the first electrode 30, the concavo-convex structure 50, the refractive index variable layer 60, and the second electrode 40 are disposed in this order along the thickness direction between the pair of first substrate 10 and second substrate 20.
  • the structure is
  • the first substrate 10, the first electrode 30 and the concavo-convex structure 50 constitute a first laminated substrate 100, and the second substrate 20 and the second electrode 40
  • the two-layered substrate 200 is configured.
  • the first laminated substrate 100 and the second laminated substrate 200 are disposed to face each other via a gap, and the entire periphery of the outer peripheral end is sealed. Thereby, the variable-refractive-index layer 60 filled between the first laminated substrate 100 and the second laminated substrate 200 can be confined.
  • a seal member such as an adhesive is formed on the inner surface along the outer peripheral edge of the first laminated substrate 100 and the second laminated substrate 200 in a frame shape, or the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are welded by laser. By doing so, the outer peripheral end portions of the first laminated substrate 100 and the second laminated substrate 200 can be sealed.
  • the first substrate 10 is a base of the first laminated substrate 100
  • the second substrate 20 is a base of the second laminated substrate 200.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are light transmitting substrates (light transmitting substrates).
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may be transparent and transparent substrates.
  • a resin substrate made of a resin material or a glass substrate made of a glass material can be used as the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
  • the material of the resin substrate include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), acrylic or epoxy.
  • the material of the glass substrate include soda glass, alkali-free glass, high refractive index glass and the like.
  • the resin substrate has an advantage that scattering at the time of breakage is small.
  • the glass substrate has the advantages of high light transmittance and low moisture permeability.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may be made of the same material or may be made of different materials, but it is better to be made of the same material.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are not limited to rigid substrates, and may be flexible substrates or film substrates.
  • a transparent resin substrate (PET substrate) made of PET is used as each of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
  • the thickness of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 3 mm, but is not limited thereto. In the present embodiment, the thickness of each of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 is 50 ⁇ m.
  • the shape of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 in plan view is, for example, a square shape or a rectangular shape, but the shape is not limited thereto, and may be a polygon other than a circle or a square.
  • the shape of can be adopted.
  • first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 are electrically paired and configured to be able to apply an electric field to the refractive index variable layer 60.
  • first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 are also arranged in pairs, and are arranged to face each other.
  • the first electrode 30 is disposed on the second substrate 20 side of the first substrate 10.
  • the second electrode 40 is disposed on the first substrate 10 side of the second substrate 20.
  • the first electrode 30 is formed on the main surface of the first substrate 10 on the second substrate 20 side
  • the second electrode 40 is on the main surface of the second substrate 20 on the first substrate 10 side It is formed.
  • the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 forming a pair are disposed between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 so as to sandwich at least the uneven structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60. It is arranged. Specifically, the first electrode 30 is disposed between the first substrate 10 and the concavo-convex structure 50, and the second electrode 40 is disposed between the second substrate 20 and the refractive index variable layer 60. ing.
  • each of the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 is, for example, 5 nm to 2 ⁇ m, but is not limited thereto. In the present embodiment, each thickness of the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 is 100 nm.
  • first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 in plan view is, for example, square or rectangular as in the case of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, but the shape is not limited thereto.
  • first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 are solid electrodes formed in a substantially rectangular shape in a plan view and formed on almost the entire surface of each of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
  • the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 are light transmitting electrodes, and transmit incident light.
  • the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 are, for example, transparent electrodes made of a transparent conductive layer.
  • Conductor-containing resin composed of a transparent metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) as a material of the transparent conductive layer, and a resin containing a conductor such as silver nanowire or conductive particles Or, a metal thin film such as a silver thin film can be used.
  • the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 may have a single-layer structure of these, or may have a laminated structure of these (for example, a laminated structure of a transparent metal oxide and a metal thin film).
  • the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 are configured to enable electrical connection with an external power supply.
  • each of the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 is drawn out to the outside of the seal resin sealing the refractive index variable layer 60, and this drawn portion is used as an electrode terminal for connecting to an external power supply. It is also good.
  • the concavo-convex structure 50 is a concavo-convex layer having a concavo-convex surface, and has a configuration in which a plurality of convex portions 51 of micro order size or nano order size are arranged.
  • the uneven structure 50 is disposed on the second substrate 20 side of the first substrate 10.
  • the concavo-convex structure 50 is disposed on the second substrate 20 side of the first electrode 30.
  • the uneven structure 50 is provided on the main surface of the first electrode 30 on the second substrate 20 side.
  • the concavo-convex structure 50 is provided on the first electrode 30 such that the plurality of convex portions 51 project toward the refractive index variable layer 60.
  • an adhesion layer may be formed between the first electrode 30 and the concavo-convex structure 50.
  • the surface on the first electrode 30 side of the concavo-convex structure 50 (the surface on the first electrode 30 side of the convex portion 51) is a flat surface.
  • each of the plurality of convex portions 51 is a long, substantially triangular prism shape having a triangular sectional shape and extending in the X-axis direction, and is arranged at equal intervals along the Z-axis direction. Moreover, although all the convex parts 51 become the same shape, it does not restrict to this.
  • Each convex portion 51 has, for example, a height of 100 nm to 100 ⁇ m and an aspect ratio (height / lower base) of about 0.5 to 10, but is not limited thereto. As an example, each convex portion 51 has a height of about 10 ⁇ m and a base of about 5 ⁇ m.
  • interval of the two convex parts 51 adjacent to Z-axis direction is 0 or more and 100 mm or less, for example. That is, the two convex portions 51 adjacent to each other in the Z-axis direction may be disposed at predetermined intervals without contact with the bottoms, or even if the bottoms are disposed in contact (arrangement at zero). Although it is preferable, the distance between the two convex portions 51 adjacent to each other in the Z-axis direction may be equal to or less than the base of the convex portion 51. As an example, in the case of the convex portion 51 (height 10 ⁇ m, base 5 ⁇ m) of the above-mentioned size, the interval between two adjacent convex portions 51 is about 2 ⁇ m.
  • each of the plurality of projections 51 has a pair of side surfaces.
  • the cross-sectional shape of each convex portion 51 is a tapered shape which is tapered along the direction from the second substrate 20 toward the first substrate 10 (the negative direction of the Y axis). Therefore, each of the pair of side surfaces of each convex portion 51 is an inclined surface inclined at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the thickness direction, and the distance between the pair of side surfaces in each convex portion 51 (width of convex portion 51) Is gradually reduced from the second substrate 20 toward the first substrate 10.
  • the inclination angles of the two side surfaces of each protrusion 51 may be the same or different.
  • the cross-sectional shape of each protrusion 51 is an isosceles triangle, and the inclination angles (base angles) of the two side surfaces of each protrusion 51 are the same.
  • a pair of side surfaces of each convex portion 51 is a surface in contact with the refractive index variable layer 60, and light incident from the first substrate 10 receives an optical action on the pair of side surfaces of the convex portion 51.
  • the light incident from the first substrate 10 is the convex portion 51 and the refractive index variable layer 60
  • the light is refracted, transmitted, or transmitted as it is without refraction.
  • the light incident from the first substrate 10 has the refractive index of the convex portion 51 and the refractive index variable layer 60 Depending on the difference, the light may be refracted and transmitted, or may be transmitted as it is without refraction, or may be totally reflected. That is, the upper side surface of the convex portion 51 can be a total reflection surface according to the difference in refractive index between the convex portion 51 and the refractive index variable layer 60 and the incident angle of light.
  • the uneven structure 50 for example, a translucent resin material such as an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin or a silicone resin can be used.
  • the uneven structure 50 can be formed by, for example, laser processing or imprint.
  • the concavo-convex structure 50 is formed using an acrylic resin having a refractive index of about 1.5.
  • the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 is not limited to 1.5 because the higher the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 described later is, the better. If the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 can be made higher than 1.5, the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 should also be made higher than 1.5. For example, when the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 is 1.6 or more, the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 may also be 1.6 or more.
  • the concavo-convex structure 50 may be made of only an insulating resin material as long as an electric field can be applied to the refractive index variable layer 60 by the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40. May be included.
  • a conductive polymer such as PEDOT, a resin including a conductor (conductor-containing resin), or the like can be used as the material of the concavo-convex structure 50.
  • variable-refractive-index layer 60 includes an insulating liquid 61 and nanoparticles 62 contained in the insulating liquid 61.
  • the refractive index variable layer 60 is a nanoparticle dispersion layer in which innumerable nanoparticles 62 are dispersed in the insulating liquid 61.
  • the insulating liquid 61 is a transparent liquid having an insulating property, and is a solvent serving as a dispersion medium in which the nanoparticles 62 are dispersed as a dispersoid.
  • the insulating liquid 61 for example, one having a refractive index (solvent refractive index) of about 1.3 to about 1.6 can be used. In the present embodiment, the insulating liquid 61 having a refractive index of about 1.5 is used.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the insulating liquid 61 is preferably 100 mm 2 / s or less.
  • the insulating liquid 61 may have a low dielectric constant (equal to or less than the dielectric constant of the concavo-convex structure 50). That is, the dielectric constant of the concavo-convex structure 50 is preferably higher than the dielectric constant of the insulating liquid 61.
  • the insulating liquid 61 may have non-flammability (high flash point with a flash point of 250 ° C. or higher) and low volatility.
  • the insulating liquid 61 is a hydrocarbon (aliphatic hydrocarbon, naphtha, and other petroleum solvents, etc.), a low molecular weight halogen-containing polymer, or a mixture of these.
  • the insulating liquid 61 is a halogenated hydrocarbon such as fluorocarbon hydrogen.
  • silicone oil or the like can also be used.
  • a plurality of nanoparticles 62 are dispersed in the insulating liquid 61.
  • the nanoparticles 62 are fine particles of nano order size.
  • the particle diameter of the nanoparticles 62 is preferably ⁇ / 4 or less.
  • the particle diameter of the nanoparticles 62 is preferably as small as possible, preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably several nm to several tens nm.
  • the nanoparticles 62 may be made of a high refractive index material. Specifically, the refractive index of the nanoparticles 62 is higher than the refractive index of the insulating liquid 61. In the present embodiment, the refractive index of the nanoparticles 62 is higher than the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50.
  • the nanoparticles 62 metal oxide fine particles can be used.
  • the nanoparticles 62 may be made of a material having high transmittance.
  • transparent zirconia particles having a refractive index of 2.1 and made of zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) are used as the nanoparticles 62.
  • the nanoparticles 62 are not limited to zirconium oxide, and may be made of titanium oxide or the like.
  • the nanoparticles 62 are charged charged particles.
  • nano The particles 62 can be charged positively (plus) or negatively (minus). In the present embodiment, the nanoparticles 62 are positively (plus) charged.
  • variable-refractive-index layer 60 configured as described above, the charged nanoparticles 62 are dispersed throughout the insulating liquid 61.
  • zirconia particles having a refractive index of 2.1 are used as the nanoparticles 62, and the nanoparticles 62 dispersed in an insulating liquid 61 having a solvent refractive index of about 1.5 are variable in refractive index. It is considered as the layer 60.
  • the refractive index (average refractive index) of the entire refractive index variable layer 60 is the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 in a state where the nanoparticles 62 are uniformly dispersed in the refractive index variable layer 60 (insulating liquid 61). It is different. Specifically, the refractive index of the entire refractive index variable layer 60 is set to be higher than the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50, and is about 1.6 in the present embodiment. The refractive index of the entire refractive index variable layer 60 can be changed by adjusting the concentration (amount) of the nanoparticles 62 dispersed in the insulating liquid 61.
  • the amount of the nanoparticles 62 may be such as to be buried in the concave portion of the concavo-convex structure 50 (the region between two adjacent convex portions 51), and in this case, the insulating property has a refractive index of about 1.4.
  • the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 relative to the liquid 61 is about 30% by volume (about 70 wt% in the case of nanoparticles 62 having a specific gravity of about 5).
  • the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 is about 15% by volume to about 40% by volume (about 45% by weight to about 80% by weight) It should be in the range of
  • the amount of the nanoparticles 62 is preferably as large as possible, but at least the nanoparticles 62 should not be aggregated in the insulating liquid 61 when no voltage is applied. It does not.
  • the refractive index of the entire refractive index variable layer 60 is adjusted to about 1.6 when no voltage is applied, but if aggregation of the nanoparticles 62 does not occur, the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 The rate should be about 1.7 or more.
  • the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 having a refractive index of 2.1 may be about 30% by volume to about 50% by volume.
  • the refractive index variable layer 60 is disposed between the uneven structure 50 and the second electrode 40. Specifically, the refractive index variable layer 60 is in contact with the uneven structure 50. That is, the contact surface of the refractive index variable layer 60 with the uneven surface of the uneven structure 50 is an interface between the refractive index variable layer 60 and the uneven surface of the uneven structure 50. Although the variable-refractive-index layer 60 is also in contact with the second electrode 40, another layer (film) may be interposed between the variable-refractive-index layer 60 and the second electrode 40.
  • the refractive index of the variable-refractive-index layer 60 changes in accordance with the voltage applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40.
  • the refractive index variable layer 60 is disposed between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, and a voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40.
  • An electric field is applied to the refractive index variable layer 60.
  • a DC voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40.
  • the variable-refractive-index layer 60 mainly functions as a refractive index adjusting layer capable of adjusting the refractive index to light in the visible light region.
  • variable-refractive-index layer 60 configured as described above is disposed between the first multilayer substrate 100 and the second multilayer substrate 200. Specifically, the insulating liquid 61 in which the nanoparticles 62 are dispersed is sealed between the first laminated substrate 100 and the second laminated substrate 200.
  • the thickness of the refractive index variable layer 60 (that is, the gap between the first multilayer substrate 100 and the second multilayer substrate 200) is, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, but is not limited to this. As an example, when the height of the convex portion 51 of the concavo-convex structure 50 is 10 ⁇ m, the thickness of the refractive index variable layer 60 is, for example, 40 ⁇ m.
  • an ITO film is formed as the first electrode 30 on the PET substrate, and a plurality of acrylic resins (refractive index 1.5) are formed on the ITO film.
  • the first laminated substrate 100 is manufactured by forming the concavo-convex structure 50 including the convex portions 51 by the imprint method.
  • a PET substrate is used as the second substrate 20, and the second electrode 40 made of an ITO film is formed on the PET substrate, whereby the second multilayer substrate 200 is manufactured.
  • the refractive index variable layer 60 the insulating liquid 61 in which the nanoparticles 62 are dispersed is filled between the first laminated substrate 100 and the second laminated substrate 200, and the first laminated substrate 100 and the second laminated substrate 100 are formed. By bonding the outer peripheral portion with the laminated substrate 200, the refractive index variable layer 60 is sealed between the first laminated substrate 100 and the second laminated substrate 200.
  • optical device 1 having the structure shown in FIG. 1 can be manufactured.
  • FIG. 3A is a view for explaining a first optical action of the optical device 1 according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3B is a view for explaining a second optical action of the optical device 1.
  • 3C is a figure for demonstrating the 3rd optical effect of the optical device 1.
  • the optical device 1 can be realized as a window with a light distribution control function, for example, by being installed in a window of a building.
  • the optical device 1 is attached to, for example, a window of a building via an adhesive layer.
  • the optical device 1 is installed in the window such that the longitudinal direction of the convex portion 51 of the uneven structure 50 is horizontal.
  • sunlight is incident on the optical device 1 installed in the window.
  • the optical device 1 since the optical device 1 is installed such that the first substrate 10 provided with the concavo-convex structure 50 is located on the light incident side (outside of the building), the optical device 1 is the first substrate 10.
  • the light (sunlight) incident from the light source can be transmitted from the second substrate 20 to the inside (for example, the room) of the building of the optical device 1.
  • the light incident on the optical device 1 receives an optical action from the optical device 1 when it is transmitted through the optical device 1.
  • the optical action changes due to the change of the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60. Therefore, the light incident on the optical device 1 is subject to different optical actions according to the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60, and the traveling direction is controlled according to the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60.
  • the optical device 1 can control the traveling direction of light incident on the optical device 1 in accordance with the voltage applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40. Specifically, in accordance with the voltage applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, the particle distribution of the nanoparticles 62 in the refractive index variable layer 60 (nanoparticle dispersion layer) changes, thereby The refractive index of the variable-refractive-index layer 60 partially changes. As a result, the optical action of the optical device 1 changes.
  • the optical device 1 in the present embodiment has three optical actions. The three optical actions of the optical device 1 will be described in detail below.
  • optical The device 1 When no potential is applied to the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, that is, no voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 (when no voltage is applied), optical The device 1 is in the first optical mode and provides the first optical action to the incident light.
  • variable-refractive-index layer 60 In the first optical mode, no electric field is applied to the variable-refractive-index layer 60, and as shown in FIG. 3A, in the variable-refractive-index layer 60, the nanoparticles 62 are dispersed throughout the insulating liquid 61. .
  • the refractive index of the variable-refractive-index layer 60 in the state in which the nanoparticles 62 are dispersed throughout the insulating liquid 61 is the variable-refractive-index layer as shown in FIG. 3A. 60 overall uniform (constant), about 1.6. Moreover, the refractive index of the uneven structure 50 is about 1.5.
  • the refractive index of the entire refractive index variable layer 60 is higher than the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50
  • the refractive index difference between the refractive index of the uneven structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60 is generated.
  • the interface between the concavo-convex structure 50 (convex portion 51) and the refractive index variable layer 60 has a refractive index difference.
  • the light L1 is refracted at the interface between the lower side surface of the convex portion 51 and the refractive index variable layer 60, and then totally reflected at the interface between the upper side surface of the convex portion 51 and the refractive index variable layer 60 and bounces back.
  • the traveling direction is bent in the direction to be emitted to the outside of the optical device 1. That is, the light L ⁇ b> 1 incident on the optical device 1 is distributed by the optical device 1.
  • the optical device 1 distributes light incident on the first substrate 10 and transmits the light through the second substrate 20.
  • the first optical mode is the first light distribution mode
  • the optical device 1 in the first optical mode, the optical device 1 is in the first light distribution state.
  • the light incident on the first substrate 10 is reflected by the uneven structure 50 of the optical device 1 as described above, and the traveling direction is changed, and the light is emitted from the second substrate 20.
  • the optical device 1 When a potential is applied to the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, that is, when a first voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 (when the first voltage is applied) The optical device 1 is in the second optical mode, and gives the incident light a second optical action. Specifically, a DC voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 as a first voltage.
  • the first voltage (potential difference) applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 is, for example, about several volts to several tens of volts.
  • an electric field is applied to the variable-refractive-index layer 60 by applying a DC voltage between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40.
  • 62 migrates in the insulating liquid 61 according to the electric field distribution. That is, the nanoparticles 62 electrophorese in the insulating liquid 61.
  • the positively charged nanoparticles 62 have the negative potential of the first electrode.
  • the particles migrate toward 30 and are aggregated and localized on the side of the concavo-convex structure 50 in the variable-refractive-index layer 60.
  • the nanoparticles 62 migrating toward the first electrode 30 enter the concave portions of the concavo-convex structure 50, that is, the regions between the two adjacent convex portions 51 and accumulate, and the nano-particles of the concave portions of the concavo-convex structure 50
  • the concentration of particles 62 increases.
  • the particle distribution of the nanoparticles 62 is changed, and the refractive index distribution in the refractive index variable layer 60 is not uniform. .
  • the first region 60a high concentration region
  • the second region 60b low concentration region
  • the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 is reduced by the migration of the entire nanoparticles 62 and the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 is reduced, and the first region
  • the refractive index distribution as shown in FIG. 3B is generated between 60a and the second region 60b.
  • the refractive index of the nanoparticles 62 is higher than the refractive index of the insulating liquid 61
  • the refractive index of the first region 60a on the uneven structure 50 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is the second refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60.
  • the refractive index of the second region 60 b on the electrode 40 side is higher.
  • the refractive index variable layer 60 is formed by dispersing the nanoparticles 62 made of zirconia particles having a refractive index of 2.1 in the insulating liquid 61 having a solvent refractive index of about 1.4.
  • the refractive index of the entire variable-refractive-index layer 60 is about 1.6 when no voltage is applied. Therefore, when the first voltage is applied, the refractive index of the first region 60a on the uneven structure 50 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is the initial refractive index of the entire refractive index variable layer 60 when no voltage is applied (1.6) It is higher and distributed in the thickness direction from about 1.95 to about 1.6.
  • the refractive index of the second region 60b on the second electrode 40 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is the initial refractive index of the entire refractive index variable layer 60 when no voltage is applied (1.6 ) And distribute in the thickness direction from about 1.6 to about 1.4.
  • the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 is about 1.5
  • the refractive index difference between the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 and the refractive index of the first region 60 a on the concavo-convex structure 50 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is larger than that in the first optical mode.
  • the interface between the concavo-convex structure 50 (convex portion 51) and the refractive index variable layer 60 has a refractive index difference.
  • light L1 incident on the optical device 1 is refracted at the interface between the lower side surface of the convex portion 51 and the refractive index variable layer 60, and The light is totally reflected at the interface with the upper side surface of the convex portion 51, and the traveling direction is bent in the rebounding direction and is emitted to the outside of the optical device 1. That is, the light L ⁇ b> 1 incident on the optical device 1 is distributed by the optical device 1.
  • the second optical mode light distribution is performed at an angle different from that in the first optical mode.
  • the second optical mode light distribution is performed at a steeper angle than in the first optical mode. That is, the reflection angle when the light L1 incident on the optical device 1 is totally reflected by the side surface of the convex portion 51 is smaller in the second optical mode than in the first optical mode. Thereby, the angle (light distribution angle) of the bounce when the incident light L1 is totally reflected by the side surface of the convex portion 51 and bounces upward is the case of the second optical mode than in the first optical mode.
  • the emission angle when emitting from the second substrate 20 is larger in the second optical mode than in the first optical mode.
  • the optical device 1 when the first voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, the optical device 1 is configured to receive light incident on the first substrate 10 as the first electrode 30 and the second electrode.
  • the second substrate 20 is made to transmit light at a steeper angle than when no voltage is applied between them. That is, the second optical mode is a light distribution mode as in the first optical mode, but the second optical mode is a second light distribution mode in which light is distributed steeper than the first optical mode, In the two optical mode, the optical device 1 is in the second light distribution state. In the second optical mode, the light incident on the first substrate 10 is reflected by the concavo-convex structure 50 of the optical device 1, the traveling direction changes largely, and the light is emitted from the second substrate 20.
  • the interface on the light incident side of the first substrate 10 the interface between the first substrate 10 and the first electrode 30, the first electrode 30 and the uneven structure 50
  • the interface between the respective members such as the interface between them, the interface between the refractive index variable layer 60 and the second electrode 40, the interface between the second electrode 40 and the second substrate 20, or the interface on the light emission side of the second substrate 20
  • light incident from the first substrate 10 is refracted at the interface, as described above.
  • the optical device 1 When a potential different from that in the second optical mode is applied to the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, that is, a second voltage different from the first voltage between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40.
  • a voltage when a second voltage is applied, the optical device 1 is in the third optical mode, and gives the incident light a third optical action.
  • a DC voltage that is reverse biased (reverse polarity) to the DC voltage in the second optical mode is applied as the second voltage.
  • the second voltage (potential difference) applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 is, for example, about several volts to several tens of volts.
  • an electric field is applied to the variable-refractive-index layer 60 by applying a DC voltage between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, so that the refractive index can be changed as in the second optical mode.
  • the charged nanoparticles 62 migrate in the insulating liquid 61 according to the electric field distribution. That is, the nanoparticles 62 electrophorese in the insulating liquid 61.
  • a positive potential is applied to the first electrode 30, and a negative potential is applied to the second electrode 40. It migrates toward the two electrodes 40, is aggregated on the side of the second electrode 40 in the refractive index variable layer 60, and is localized. At this time, the nanoparticles 62 migrating toward the second electrode 40 accumulate in layers on the surface of the second electrode 40.
  • the particle distribution of the nanoparticles 62 is changed, and the refractive index distribution in the refractive index variable layer 60 is not uniform, as in the second optical mode.
  • variable-refractive-index layer 60 As a result, in the variable-refractive-index layer 60, a difference in refractive index occurs between the first region 60c on the second electrode 40 side and the second region 60d on the first electrode 20 side (concave structure 50 side), as shown in FIG. 3C. A refractive index distribution results.
  • the refractive index of the nanoparticles 62 is higher than the refractive index of the insulating liquid 61, the refractive index of the first region 60c on the second electrode 40 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 in which the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 is increased. Is higher than the refractive index of the second region 60 d on the uneven structure 50 side of the variable-refractive-index layer 60 in which the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 is lowered. That is, the first region 60c on the second electrode 40 side is the high refractive index region, and the second region 60d on the concave-convex structure 50 side (the first electrode 30 side) is the low refractive index region.
  • the refractive index of the first region 60c on the second electrode 40 side is distributed in the thickness direction from about 1.5 to about 1.95, and the second region 60d on the uneven structure 50 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is distributed.
  • the refractive index of is distributed at about 1.5 to about 1.4 in the thickness direction.
  • the refractive index in the vicinity of the concavo-convex structure 50 in the second region 60 d on the concavo-convex structure 50 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is on average substantially the same as the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50.
  • the voltage is controlled.
  • the difference in refractive index between the second region 60 d on the uneven structure 50 side of the variable-refractive-index layer 60 and the uneven structure 50 (convex part 51) is almost eliminated (refractive index difference ⁇ n ⁇ 0).
  • the refractive index variable layer 60 is formed by dispersing the nanoparticles 62 made of zirconia particles having a refractive index of 2.1 in the insulating liquid 61 having a solvent refractive index of about 1.4. Since it is configured, the average refractive index in the vicinity of the concavo-convex structure 50 in the second region 60 d on the concavo-convex structure 50 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is substantially the same as the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 when the second voltage is applied. It will be about 1.5. Further, the average refractive index in the vicinity of the second electrode 40 in the first region 60c on the second electrode 40 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is about 1.8.
  • the optical device 1 when the second voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, the optical device 1 causes the light incident on the first substrate 10 to go straight to the second substrate 20. Permeate. That is, the third optical mode is a transparent mode, and in the third optical mode, the optical device 1 is in a transparent state. In this case, the light incident on the first substrate 10 travels straight through and is emitted from the second substrate 20 without being distributed by the optical device 1.
  • the interface on the light incident side of the first substrate 10 the interface between the first substrate 10 and the first electrode 30, the first electrode 30 and the uneven structure 50
  • the light incident from the first substrate 10 is refracted at the interface where the refractive index difference exists.
  • the light is incident from the first substrate 10 and In the third optical mode (transparent mode), the light emitted from the second substrate 10 has the same incident angle when entering the first substrate 10 and the outgoing angle when emitted from the second substrate 20. That is, the angles in the direction of travel are the same and do not change.
  • the second region 60 d of the refractive index variable layer 60 has the refractive index of the second region 60 d on the uneven structure 50 side of the variable refractive index layer 60 substantially the same as the refractive index of the uneven structure 50.
  • the average refractive index difference between and the uneven structure 50 (convex portion 51) is 0.010 or less, more preferably 0.005 or less ( ⁇ n ⁇ 0.005).
  • the average refractive index difference between the second region 60 d of the refractive index variable layer 60 and the concavo-convex structure 50 exceeds 0.005, light is scattered at the interface between the second region 60 d of the refractive index variable layer 60 and the concavo-convex structure 50 And haze may occur.
  • the nanoparticles 62 migrate in the insulating liquid 61, as shown in FIG. 3A. Are uniformly dispersed throughout the insulating liquid 61.
  • the optical device 1 configured as described above is a current driven device. Therefore, while the voltage is applied to the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, the current also flows in the dispersion liquid (insulating liquid 61).
  • the optical device 1 is an active optical control device capable of changing the optical action by controlling the refractive index matching between the uneven structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60 by an electric field. That is, by controlling the voltage applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, the optical device 1 can be switched to a plurality of optical modes. In the present embodiment, the optical device 1 is switched to three modes of a first optical mode (first light distribution mode), a second optical mode (second light distribution mode), and a third optical mode (transparent mode). Can.
  • first optical mode first light distribution mode
  • second optical mode second light distribution mode
  • a third optical mode transparent mode
  • the dielectric constant of the concavo-convex structure 50 (the convex portion 51) be larger than the dielectric constant of the insulating liquid 61 of the refractive index variable layer 60. That is, it is preferable that the dielectric constant of the insulating liquid 61 be lower than that of the concavo-convex structure 50 (convex portion 51). Thereby, it can suppress that an electric field is broken to the direction of concavo-convex structure 50.
  • the concavo-convex structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60 are disposed between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, and as the refractive index variable layer 60,
  • the insulating liquid 61 nanoparticle dispersion layer in which the charged nanoparticles 62 are dispersed is used.
  • the nanoparticles 62 migrate in the insulating liquid 61 by applying a voltage between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, so that the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 can be changed. it can. Specifically, the particle distribution of the nanoparticles 62 in the refractive index variable layer 60 changes, and the refractive index distribution of the refractive index variable layer 60 changes. As a result, the difference in refractive index between the uneven structure 50 and the variable-refractive-index layer 60 changes, so that the traveling direction of light incident on the optical device 1 can be controlled.
  • a high refractive index material is used as the nanoparticles 62.
  • the refractive index of the nanoparticles 62 is made higher than the refractive index of the insulating liquid 61. More specifically, the refractive index of the nanoparticles 62 is made higher than the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50.
  • the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 is the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50. It is different from the rate. Specifically, the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 is higher than the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 when no voltage is applied. Therefore, when no voltage is applied, a refractive index difference occurs between the concavo-convex structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60, and the optical device 1 is in the first light distribution mode and receives light incident on the first substrate 10. Light distribution is performed to transmit the second substrate 20.
  • the nanoparticles 62 having a high refractive index migrate toward the concavo-convex structure 50 and the concavo-convex structure 50. It is unevenly distributed to the side. Thereby, the refractive index of the first region 60 a on the uneven structure 50 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is higher than the refractive index of the second region 60 b on the second electrode side of the refractive index variable layer 60. Therefore, when the first voltage is applied, a refractive index difference occurs between the concavo-convex structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60, and the optical device 1 becomes the second light distribution mode, similarly to the first light distribution mode. The light incident on the first substrate 10 is distributed and transmitted through the second substrate 20.
  • the nanoparticles 61 are unevenly distributed on the uneven structure 50 side of the variable refractive index layer 60, so the refractive index of the first region 60a on the uneven structure 50 side of the variable refractive index layer 60 is the voltage It becomes higher than the time of no application.
  • the refractive index between the concavo-convex structure 50 and the first region 60 a of the refractive index variable layer 60 is higher than when the voltage is not applied (first light distribution mode) The difference gets bigger. Therefore, at the time of the first voltage application (second light distribution mode), the optical device 1 distributes light incident on the first substrate 10 at a steeper angle than at the time of no voltage application (first light distribution mode) Then, the second substrate 20 is transmitted.
  • the nanoparticles 62 having a high refractive index migrate toward the second electrode 40 and the second It is unevenly distributed on the electrode 40 side.
  • the refractive index of the second region 60 d on the uneven structure 50 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is lower than the refractive index of the first region 60 c on the second electrode 40 side of the variable refractive index layer 60, and the uneven structure 50.
  • the refractive index of Therefore when the second voltage is applied, there is no difference in refractive index between the concavo-convex structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60, and the optical device 1 becomes a transparent mode and goes straight on the light incident on the first substrate 10. And allow the second substrate 20 to pass through.
  • the optical device 1 according to the present embodiment configured as above has a large difference in refractive index ( ⁇ n) between the concavo-convex structure 50 and the variable refractive index layer 60 as compared to an optical device in which the refractive index variable layer is a liquid crystal layer. Since it can be done, the light distribution control range can be enlarged.
  • the refractive index variable layer when the refractive index variable layer is a liquid crystal layer, the refractive index variable layer (liquid crystal layer) changes the refractive index only within the range of 1.5 to 1.7, so the refractive index variable layer and the concavo-convex structure
  • the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure can only be set in the range of 1.5 to 1.7, and the maximum refractive index with the concavo-convex structure having a refractive index of 1.5 can be set.
  • the refractive index difference remains at 0.2.
  • the variable-refractive-index layer 60 is composed of the nanoparticles 62 having a refractive index of 2.1 and the insulating liquid 61 having a solvent refractive index of about 1.5.
  • the refractive index variable layer 60 can partially change the refractive index in the range of 1.4 to 1.95.
  • the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 can also be set in the range of 1.4 to 1.95, and the maximum of the concavo-convex structure 50 having a refractive index of 1.4 to 1.95 and the variable refractive index layer 60
  • the refractive index difference can be extended to 0.55.
  • the difference in refractive index between the concavo-convex structure 50 and the variable-refractive-index layer 60 is increased to increase or decrease the angle when light incident on the optical device 1 is reflected by the concavo-convex structure 50. It is possible to expand the range (the light distribution control range) that can be done. That is, the dynamic range of the light distribution angle can be expanded.
  • the optical device 1 according to the present embodiment can improve the light distribution ratio as compared with the optical device in which the refractive index variable layer is a liquid crystal layer. That is, since the liquid crystal layer is composed of liquid crystal molecules having birefringence, in the optical device using the liquid crystal layer, only one of the S wave and the P wave can be distributed. On the other hand, since the insulating liquid 61 and the nanoparticles 62 are independent of the S wave and the P wave, the optical device 1 in the present embodiment is applicable to both the S wave and the P wave. It can be distributed. Therefore, in the optical device 1 in the present embodiment, the light distribution ratio is doubled with respect to the optical device using the liquid crystal layer.
  • the light distribution control range can be enlarged and the light distribution rate can be improved as compared with the optical device in which the refractive index variable layer is a liquid crystal layer. be able to. Therefore, an optical device having excellent light distribution performance can be realized.
  • the entire side surface of the convex portion 51 of the concavo-convex structure 50 is unevenly distributed to the first electrode 30 side to be a reflection surface.
  • the nanoparticles 62 may be present so as to fill all of the recesses of the uneven structure 50 (the region between two adjacent protrusions 51). That is, it is preferable that the nanoparticles 62 be present at the apex of the convex portion 51.
  • the amount of nanoparticles 62 necessary to fill all the recesses of the concavo-convex structure 50 depends on the height of the concavo-convex structure 50 and the thickness of the refractive index variable layer 60. It is sufficient to adjust the concentration of
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the optical device 2 according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the same optical device 2, and shows an enlarged view of a region V surrounded by a broken line in FIG.
  • the optical device 2 according to the present embodiment is similar to the optical device 1 according to the first embodiment in that the first substrate 10, the second substrate 20, and the first electrode 30. And a second electrode 40, a concavo-convex structure 50, and a refractive index variable layer 60.
  • the difference between the optical device 2 according to the present embodiment and the optical device 1 according to the first embodiment is that the incident direction of light to the optical device is different.
  • the first substrate 10 with the concavo-convex structure 50 is on the light incident side (for example, the outside of a building)
  • the second substrate 20 without the concavo-convex structure 50 is on the light emission side (for example, the inside of a building)
  • the second substrate 20 without the uneven structure 50 is the first substrate 10 with the uneven structure 50 on the light incident side (for example, outside the building).
  • the optical device 2 is disposed such that the light emitting side (for example, the inside of a building) is the light emitting side.
  • the change in the refractive index of the variable-refractive-index layer 60 with respect to the concavo-convex structure 50 is negative ( ⁇ n ⁇ 0), whereas in the present embodiment, the refraction with respect to the concavo-convex structure 50 is The change of the refractive index of the rate variable layer 60 is positive ( ⁇ n> 0).
  • the pair of side surfaces of the convex portion 51 can be a total reflection surface according to the refractive index difference between the convex portion 51 and the refractive index variable layer 60 and the incident angle of light.
  • variable-refractive-index layer 60 is made of the insulating liquid 61 having a solvent refractive index of about 1.4 and the zirconia particles having a refractive index of 2.1.
  • the refractive index (average refractive index) of the entire refractive index variable layer 60 is different from that of the nanoparticle 62 in the refractive index variable layer 60. In the state of being uniformly dispersed in (insulating liquid 61), it is set to about 1.6.
  • the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 is not limited to 1.6. If the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 can be made higher than 1.6, the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 should also be made higher than 1.6. For example, when the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 is 1.7 or more, the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 may also be 1.7 or more.
  • FIG. 6A is a diagram for explaining the first optical operation of the optical device 2 according to the second embodiment
  • FIG. 6B is a diagram for explaining the second optical operation of the optical device 2
  • 6C is a figure for demonstrating the 3rd optical effect of the optical device 2.
  • the optical device 2 can be realized as a window with a light distribution control function, for example, by being installed in a window of a building, as in the second embodiment.
  • the optical device 2 is installed in the window such that the longitudinal direction of the convex portion 51 of the concavo-convex structure 50 is horizontal.
  • the optical device 2 is installed such that the second substrate 20 without the concavo-convex structure 50 is positioned on the light incident side (outside of the building).
  • the light (sunlight) incident from the two substrates 20 can be transmitted and emitted from the first substrate 10 to the inside (for example, the room) of the building of the optical device 2.
  • the light incident on the optical device 2 receives an optical action from the optical device 2 when it is transmitted through the optical device 2.
  • the optical device 2 changes its optical action by the change of the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60. Therefore, light incident on the optical device 2 is subjected to different optical actions according to the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60, and the traveling direction is controlled according to the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60.
  • the optical device 2 can control the traveling direction of light incident on the optical device 2 in accordance with the voltage applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40. Specifically, in accordance with the voltage applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, the particle distribution of the nanoparticles 62 in the refractive index variable layer 60 (nanoparticle dispersion layer) changes, thereby The refractive index of the variable-refractive-index layer 60 partially changes. As a result, the optical action of the optical device 2 changes.
  • the optical device 2 in the present embodiment also has three optical actions as in the first embodiment. The three optical actions of the optical device 2 will be described in detail below.
  • optical The device 2 When no potential is applied to the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, that is, no voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 (when no voltage is applied), optical The device 2 is in the first optical mode and exerts the first optical action on the incident light.
  • the refractive index of the variable-refractive-index layer 60 in the state in which the nanoparticles 62 are dispersed in the entire insulating liquid 61 is the variable-refractive-index layer as shown in FIG. 6A. 60 overall uniform (constant), about 1.6. Moreover, the refractive index of the uneven structure 50 is about 1.8.
  • the refractive index of the entire refractive index variable layer 60 is higher than the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50
  • the refractive index difference between the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 (convex portion 51) and the refractive index variable layer 60 is generated.
  • the optical device 2 distributes light incident on the second substrate 20 and transmits the light through the first substrate 10. . That is, the first optical mode is the first light distribution mode, and in the first optical mode, the optical device 2 is in the first light distribution state. In this case, the light incident on the second substrate 20 is reflected by the uneven structure 50 of the optical device 2 as described above, and the traveling direction is changed, and the light is emitted from the first substrate 10.
  • the interface on the light incident side of the second substrate 20, the interface between the second substrate 20 and the second electrode 40, the interface between the refractive index variable layer 60 and the second electrode 40, the concavo-convex structure In a portion where there is a difference in refractive index at the interface between each member, such as the interface of 50 and the first electrode 30, the interface of the first electrode 30 and the first substrate 10, the interface of the first substrate 10 on the outgoing light side, etc.
  • the light incident from the second substrate 20 is refracted at the interface.
  • the optical device 2 When a potential is applied to the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, that is, when a first voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 (when the first voltage is applied)
  • the optical device 2 is in the second optical mode, and provides the second optical action on the incident light.
  • a DC voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 as a first voltage.
  • the voltage (potential difference) applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 is, for example, about several volts to several tens of volts.
  • an electric field is applied to the variable-refractive-index layer 60 by applying a DC voltage between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40.
  • 62 migrates in the insulating liquid 61 according to the electric field distribution. That is, the nanoparticles 62 electrophorese in the insulating liquid 61.
  • the positively charged nanoparticles 62 have a negative potential as the second electrode.
  • the particles migrate toward 40 and are aggregated and localized on the side of the second electrode 40 in the variable-refractive-index layer 60.
  • the nanoparticles 62 that have entered the concave portion of the concavo-convex structure 50 that is, the region between two adjacent convex portions 51 move to the second electrode 40 side, and the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 in the concave portion of the concavo-convex structure 50 Decreases.
  • the particle distribution of the nanoparticles 62 changes, and the refractive index distribution in the refractive index variable layer 60 is uniform. It disappears.
  • the nanoparticles 62 are gathered by migration of the entire nanoparticles 62, and the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 is increased. Region, and a second region 60b (low concentration region) on the side of the uneven structure 50 where the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 is reduced by the migration of the entire nanoparticles 62 and the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 is reduced,
  • the refractive index distribution as shown in FIG. 6B is generated between 60a and the second region 60b.
  • the refractive index of the nanoparticles 62 is higher than the refractive index of the insulating liquid 61
  • the refractive index of the first region 60a on the second electrode 40 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is the unevenness of the refractive index variable layer 60. It becomes higher than the refractive index of the second region 60b on the structure 50 side.
  • the refractive index variable layer 60 is formed by dispersing the nanoparticles 62 made of zirconia particles having a refractive index of 2.1 in the insulating liquid 61 having a solvent refractive index of about 1.4.
  • the refractive index of the entire variable-refractive-index layer 60 is about 1.6 when no voltage is applied. Therefore, when the first voltage is applied, the refractive index of the first region 60a on the second electrode 40 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is the initial refractive index of the entire refractive index variable layer 60 when no voltage is applied (1.6 And is distributed at about 1.95 to about 1.6 in the thickness direction.
  • the refractive index of the second region 60b on the side of the uneven structure 50 of the refractive index variable layer 60 is the initial refractive index of the entire refractive index variable layer 60 when no voltage is applied (1.6) It is lower than the above and distributed at about 1.6 to about 1.4 in the thickness direction.
  • the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 is about 1.8, in the case of the second optical mode (when a voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40) ), Refraction between the refractive index (about 1.8) of the concavo-convex structure 50 and the refractive index (about 1.6 to about 1.4) of the second region 60 b on the concavo-convex structure 50 side of the variable-refractive-index layer 60 There is a difference in rates.
  • the refractive index distribution in the refractive index variable layer 60 is a sigmoidal functional distribution as shown in FIG. 6B, but generally, the second region 60 b (a low refractive index where the refractive index is lower than the initial refractive index
  • the thickness (width) of the region) is larger than the thickness (width) of the first region 60a (a high refractive index region where the refractive index is higher than the initial refractive index). That is, in the second region 60b where the refractive index is low, the change in refractive index is small along the height direction of the concavo-convex structure 50, and a stable refractive index distribution is obtained.
  • the structure in which the concavo-convex structure 50 is formed on the second region 60b side is the same as in this embodiment.
  • the directivity (ratio that can be emitted at the same angle, half width) of light distribution can be improved. That is, in the present embodiment, the directivity of light distribution can be improved more than in the first embodiment.
  • the width of the region without the convex portion 51 is made wider than the width of the region with the convex portion 51, so that the height direction of the concavo-convex structure 50 (height direction of the convex portion 51). Since the change of the refractive index can be further reduced, the refractive index distribution can be made more stable.
  • the height of the convex portion 51 of the concavo-convex structure 50 is less than half the width of the refractive index variable layer 60, or the width of the refractive index variable layer 60 is 2 of the height of the convex portion 51 of the concavo-convex structure 50
  • the refractive index more than double, it is possible to stabilize the refractive index distribution by reducing the change of the refractive index in the height direction of the concavo-convex structure 50. Thereby, the directivity of light distribution can be further improved.
  • the optical device 2 is When light L1 is incident from an oblique direction, there is a difference in refractive index at the interface between the concavo-convex structure 50 (convex part 51) and the variable-refractive-index layer 60, so as in the first optical mode, The incident light L 1 is refracted at the interface between the refractive index variable layer 60 and the upper side surface of the convex portion 51 and the refractive index variable layer 60, and then the refractive index variable layer 60 and the lower side surface of the convex portion 51 are refracted The light is totally reflected at the interface with the rate variable layer 60, and the traveling direction is bent in the bouncing direction and is emitted to the outside of the optical device 2. That is, the light L ⁇ b> 1 incident on the optical device 2 is distributed by the optical device
  • the second optical mode light distribution is performed at an angle different from that in the first optical mode.
  • the second optical mode light distribution is performed at a steeper angle than in the first optical mode. That is, the reflection angle when the light L1 incident on the optical device 2 is totally reflected by the side surface of the convex portion 51 is larger in the second optical mode than in the first optical mode. Thereby, the angle (light distribution angle) of the bounce when the incident light L1 is totally reflected by the side surface of the convex portion 51 and bounces upward is the case of the second optical mode than in the first optical mode.
  • the emission angle when emitting from the second substrate 20 is larger in the second optical mode than in the first optical mode.
  • the refractive index gradually changes in the first region 60a on the second electrode 40 side where the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 is increased, and no structure having a different refractive index exists in the first region 60a.
  • the incident light L1 is only refracted and does not reflect or scatter.
  • the optical device 2 distributes light incident on the second substrate 20 to transmit the first substrate 10.
  • the second optical mode is a light distribution mode
  • the optical device 2 in the second optical mode, the optical device 2 is in a light distribution state.
  • the light incident on the second substrate 20 is reflected by the uneven structure 50 of the optical device 2 as described above, and the traveling direction is changed, and the light is emitted from the first substrate 10.
  • the interface on the light incident side of the second substrate 20, the interface between the second substrate 20 and the second electrode 40, the refractive index variable layer 60 and the second The refractive index at the interface between each member, such as the interface with the electrode 40, the interface between the concavo-convex structure 50 and the first electrode 30, the interface between the first electrode 30 and the first substrate 10, the interface at the outgoing light side of the first substrate 10 Where a difference exists, light incident from the second substrate 20 is refracted at the interface.
  • the optical device 2 When a potential different from that in the second optical mode is applied to the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, that is, a second voltage different from the first voltage between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40.
  • a voltage when a second voltage is applied, the optical device 2 is in the third optical mode, and gives the incident light a third optical action.
  • a DC voltage that is reverse biased (reverse polarity) to the DC voltage in the second optical mode is applied as the second voltage.
  • the second voltage (potential difference) applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 is, for example, about several volts to several tens of volts.
  • an electric field is applied to the variable-refractive-index layer 60 by applying a DC voltage between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, so that the refractive index can be changed as in the second optical mode.
  • the charged nanoparticles 62 migrate in the insulating liquid 61 according to the electric field distribution. That is, the nanoparticles 62 electrophorese in the insulating liquid 61.
  • a negative potential is applied to the first electrode 30, and a positive potential is applied to the second electrode 40. It migrates toward one electrode 30 and is aggregated and localized on the side of the concavo-convex structure 50 in the variable-refractive-index layer 60. At this time, the nanoparticles 62 migrating toward the first electrode 30 enter the concave portion of the concavo-convex structure 50, that is, the region between the two adjacent convex portions 51 and accumulate.
  • the particle distribution of the nanoparticles 62 is changed, and the refractive index distribution in the refractive index variable layer 60 is not uniform, as in the second optical mode.
  • the first region 60c high concentration region
  • the second region 60d low concentration region
  • a refractive index difference occurs between the first region 60c on the uneven structure 50 side and the second region 60d on the second electrode 40 side, and a refractive index distribution as shown in FIG. 6C occurs.
  • the refractive index of the nanoparticles 62 is higher than the refractive index of the insulating liquid 61
  • the refractive index of the first region 60c on the uneven structure 50 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 where the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 is increased is The concentration of the nanoparticles 62 is higher than the refractive index of the second region 60 d on the second electrode 40 side of the refractive index variable layer 60. That is, the first region 60c on the uneven structure 50 side (the first electrode 30 side) is a high refractive index region, and the second region 60d on the second electrode 40 side is a low refractive index region.
  • the refractive index of the first region 60c on the uneven structure 50 side is distributed in the thickness direction from about 1.95 to about 1.6
  • the refractive index of the second region 60d on the second electrode 40 side is the thickness Distributed in the direction from about 1.6 to about 1.4.
  • the refractive index in the vicinity of the concavo-convex structure 50 in the first region 60 c of the concavo-convex structure 50 of the variable-refractive-index layer 60 is approximately the same as the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 on average.
  • the voltage is controlled.
  • the difference in refractive index between the first region 60c on the uneven structure 50 side of the variable-refractive-index layer 60 and the uneven structure 50 (convex portion 51) is almost eliminated (refractive index difference ⁇ n ⁇ 0).
  • the refractive index variable layer 60 is formed by dispersing the nanoparticles 62 made of zirconia particles having a refractive index of 2.1 in the insulating liquid 61 having a solvent refractive index of about 1.4. Since it is configured, the average refractive index in the vicinity of the concavo-convex structure 50 in the first region 60c on the concavo-convex structure 50 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is substantially the same as the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 when the second voltage is applied. It will be about 1.8. The average refractive index in the vicinity of the second electrode 40 in the second region 60 d on the second electrode 40 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is about 1.4.
  • the optical device 2 when the second voltage is applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, the optical device 2 causes the light incident on the second substrate 20 to go straight to the first substrate 10 Permeate. That is, the third optical mode is a transparent mode, and in the third optical mode, the optical device 2 is in a transparent state. In this case, the light incident on the second substrate 20 travels straight through without being distributed by the optical device 2 and exits from the first substrate 10.
  • the interface on the light incident side of the second substrate 20, the interface between the second substrate 20 and the second electrode 40, the refractive index variable layer 60 and the second Refractive index difference exists at the interface between each member, such as the interface with the electrode 40, the interface between the concavo-convex structure 50 and the first electrode 30, the interface between the first electrode 30 and the first substrate 10, and the outgoing light side of the first substrate 10.
  • the interface on the light incident side of the second substrate 20 the interface between the second substrate 20 and the second electrode 40, the refractive index variable layer 60 and the second Refractive index difference exists at the interface between each member, such as the interface with the electrode 40, the interface between the concavo-convex structure 50 and the first electrode 30, the interface between the first electrode 30 and the first substrate 10, and the outgoing light side of the first substrate 10.
  • the second substrate 20 is refracted at the interface.
  • the light is incident from the second substrate 20 and In the third optical mode (transparent mode), the light emitted from the one substrate 10 has the same incident angle when entering the second substrate 20 and the outgoing angle when emitted from the first substrate 10. That is, the angles in the direction of travel are the same and do not change.
  • the refractive index of the first region 60c on the uneven structure 50 side of the variable refractive index layer 60 and the refractive index of the uneven structure 50 are substantially the same as the first region 60c of the variable refractive index layer 60
  • the average refractive index difference between and the uneven structure 50 (convex portion 51) is 0.010 or less, more preferably 0.005 or less ( ⁇ n ⁇ 0.005).
  • the average refractive index difference between the first region 60c of the refractive index variable layer 60 and the uneven structure 50 exceeds 0.005, light is scattered at the interface between the first region 60c of the variable refractive index layer 60 and the uneven structure 50 And haze may occur.
  • the nanoparticles 62 migrate in the insulating liquid 61, and as shown in FIG. 6A, the nanoparticles 62 Are uniformly dispersed throughout the insulating liquid 61.
  • the optical device 2 configured as described above is a current driven device.
  • the optical device 2 is an active optical control device capable of changing the optical action by controlling the refractive index matching between the uneven structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60 with an electric field. That is, by controlling the voltage applied between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, the optical device 2 can be switched to a plurality of optical modes.
  • the optical device 2 is switched to three modes of a first optical mode (first light distribution mode), a second optical mode (second light distribution mode), and a third optical mode (transparent mode). it can.
  • the dielectric constant of the concavo-convex structure 50 (the convex portion 51) be larger than the dielectric constant of the insulating liquid 61 of the refractive index variable layer 60. That is, it is preferable that the dielectric constant of the insulating liquid 61 be lower than that of the concavo-convex structure 50 (convex portion 51). Thereby, it can suppress that an electric field is broken to the direction of concavo-convex structure 50.
  • the uneven structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60 are provided between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 as in the optical device 1 according to the first embodiment.
  • the insulating liquid 61 nanoparticle dispersion layer in which the charged nanoparticles 62 are dispersed.
  • the nanoparticles 62 migrate in the insulating liquid 61 by applying a voltage between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40, so that the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 can be changed. it can. Specifically, the particle distribution of the nanoparticles 62 in the refractive index variable layer 60 changes, and the refractive index distribution of the refractive index variable layer 60 changes. As a result, the difference in refractive index between the uneven structure 50 and the variable-refractive-index layer 60 changes, so that the traveling direction of light incident on the optical device 2 can be controlled.
  • a high refractive index material is used as the nanoparticles 62.
  • the refractive index of the nanoparticles 62 is made higher than the refractive index of the insulating liquid 61. More specifically, the refractive index of the nanoparticles 62 is made higher than the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50.
  • the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 is the refractive index of the uneven structure 50. It is different from the rate. Specifically, the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 60 is lower than the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure 50 when no voltage is applied. Therefore, when no voltage is applied, a difference in refractive index occurs between the concavo-convex structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60, and the optical device 2 is in the first light distribution mode and receives light incident on the second substrate 20. Light distribution is performed to transmit the first substrate 10.
  • the nanoparticles 62 having a high refractive index migrate toward the second electrode 40 and the second It is unevenly distributed on the electrode 40 side.
  • the refractive index of the second region 60 b on the uneven structure 50 side of the refractive index variable layer 60 is lower than the refractive index of the first region 60 a on the second electrode side of the refractive index variable layer 60. Therefore, when the first voltage is applied, a refractive index difference occurs between the concavo-convex structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60, and the optical device 2 becomes the second light distribution mode, similarly to the first light distribution mode.
  • the light incident on the second substrate 20 is distributed to transmit the first substrate 10.
  • the refractive index difference between the uneven structure 50 and the refractive index variable layer 60 compared to the optical device in which the refractive index variable layer is a liquid crystal layer ( Since ⁇ n) can be increased, the light distribution control range can be increased. That is, the dynamic range of the light distribution angle can be expanded.
  • the light distribution rate can be improved as compared with the optical device in which the refractive index variable layer is a liquid crystal layer. That is, since the insulating liquid 61 and the nanoparticles 62 are independent of the S wave and the P wave, the optical device 2 in the present embodiment distributes light to both the S wave and the P wave. be able to. Therefore, in the optical device 2 in the present embodiment, the light distribution rate is doubled with respect to the optical device using the liquid crystal layer.
  • the light distribution control range can be expanded compared to the optical device in which the refractive index variable layer is a liquid crystal layer. While being able to do, it is possible to improve the light distribution rate. Therefore, an optical device having excellent light distribution performance can be realized.
  • the uneven distribution exists on the second electrode 40 side in order to make the entire lower side surface of the convex portion 51 of the concavo-convex structure 50 a reflective surface.
  • the nanoparticles 62 may be removed from all of the concave portions of the concavo-convex structure 50 (the region between the two adjacent convex portions 51). That is, it is preferable that the nanoparticles 62 be eliminated up to the apex of the convex portion 51.
  • the thickness of the refractive index variable layer 60 may be adjusted and determined in accordance with the concentration of the nanoparticles 62 and the height of the uneven structure 50 in order to eliminate all the recesses of the uneven structure 50.
  • the nanoparticles 62 are positively charged, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the nanoparticles 62 may be negatively charged.
  • the first electrode 30 and the second electrode are applied by applying a positive potential to the first electrode 30 and applying a negative potential to the second electrode 40. It is preferable to apply a DC voltage between 40 and 40.
  • a positive potential is applied to the second electrode 40 and a negative potential is applied to the first electrode 30 to make the first electrode 30 and the A direct current voltage may be applied between the two electrodes 40.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a predetermined voltage potential difference
  • a positive potential is applied to both the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 in the second optical mode.
  • a negative potential may be applied to both.
  • a positive potential is applied to the first electrode 30 and a negative potential is applied to the second electrode 40, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a predetermined voltage potential difference
  • a positive potential is applied to both the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 in the third optical mode.
  • a negative potential may be applied.
  • the negative potential is applied to the second electrode 40 and the positive potential is applied to the first electrode 30, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a predetermined voltage potential difference
  • a positive potential is applied to both the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 in the second optical mode.
  • a negative potential may be applied.
  • the negative potential is applied to the first electrode 30 and the positive potential is applied to the second electrode 40, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a predetermined voltage potential difference
  • a positive potential is applied to both the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 40 in the third optical mode.
  • a negative potential may be applied.
  • the convex portion 51 constituting the concavo-convex structure 50 is a long triangular prism in cross section, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the convex portion 51 may be a substantially square prism having a substantially trapezoidal cross section.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the side surface of the convex portion 51 is not limited to a straight line, and may be a curve or a saw.
  • each of the plurality of convex portions 51 is not limited to the case of extending linearly in the X-axis direction, and may be curvilinear, wavy or saw-like, and one extending in the X-axis direction Not limited to the elongated member, it may be partially divided in the X-axis direction.
  • the plurality of convex portions 51 may be formed in a dot shape along the X-axis direction.
  • the plurality of convex portions 51 of the uneven structure 50 are formed separately from each other, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the plurality of convex portions 51 may be connected to each other at the root.
  • the connection layer connecting the plurality of convex portions 51 may be formed to be left intentionally or may be formed by a residual film.
  • the height of the several convex part 51 was made constant, it does not restrict to this.
  • the heights of the plurality of convex portions 51 may be randomly different.
  • the intervals of the convex portions 51 may be randomly different, or both of the height and the interval may be random.
  • the light incident on the optical devices 1 and 2 may be light emitted by a light emitting device such as a lighting fixture.
  • the optical devices 1 and 2 were arrange
  • the optical devices 1 and 2 may be disposed in the window such that the longitudinal direction of the protrusion 51 is the Z-axis direction.
  • the optical devices 1 and 2 were affixed on the window, you may use the optical devices 1 and 2 as windows of a building itself. Further, the optical devices 1 and 2 are not limited to the case of being installed in a window of a building, and may be installed, for example, in a window of a car.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

Ce dispositif optique (1) comprend : un premier substrat transmettant la lumière (10) ; un second substrat transmettant la lumière (20) disposé à l'opposé du premier substrat (10) ; une première électrode (30) disposée du côté du second substrat (20) du premier substrat (10) ; une structure irrégulière (50) disposée du côté du second substrat (20) de la première électrode (30) ; une seconde électrode (40) disposée du côté du premier substrat (10) du second substrat (20) ; et une couche à indice de réfraction variable (60) disposée entre la structure irrégulière (50) et la seconde électrode (40), et ayant un indice de réfraction qui varie en fonction d'une tension appliquée entre la première électrode (30) et la seconde électrode (40). La couche à indice de réfraction variable (60) comprend : un liquide isolant (61) ; et des nanoparticules chargées (62) incluses dans le liquide isolant (61). L'indice de réfraction des nanoparticules (62) est supérieur à l'indice de réfraction du liquide isolant (61).
PCT/JP2018/018566 2017-07-27 2018-05-14 Dispositif optique WO2019021580A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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JP2017-145865 2017-07-27
JP2017145865A JP2020160097A (ja) 2017-07-27 2017-07-27 光学デバイス
JP2018-061436 2018-03-28
JP2018061436A JP2020160098A (ja) 2018-03-28 2018-03-28 光学デバイス

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030038755A1 (en) * 2001-08-16 2003-02-27 E Ink Corporation Light modulation by frustration of total internal reflection
JP2010510538A (ja) * 2006-11-21 2010-04-02 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 電気泳動粒子システムに基づくスイッチング可能な格子
JP2013015613A (ja) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-24 Sony Corp レンズモジュールおよび表示装置
WO2016185692A1 (fr) * 2015-05-21 2016-11-24 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Dispositif optique
WO2018100957A1 (fr) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Système d'éclairage naturel

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030038755A1 (en) * 2001-08-16 2003-02-27 E Ink Corporation Light modulation by frustration of total internal reflection
JP2010510538A (ja) * 2006-11-21 2010-04-02 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 電気泳動粒子システムに基づくスイッチング可能な格子
JP2013015613A (ja) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-24 Sony Corp レンズモジュールおよび表示装置
WO2016185692A1 (fr) * 2015-05-21 2016-11-24 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Dispositif optique
WO2018100957A1 (fr) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Système d'éclairage naturel

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