WO2019009327A1 - 有機エレクトロニクス材料及び有機エレクトロニクス素子 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to an organic electronic material, an ink composition, an organic layer, an organic electronic device, an organic electroluminescent device (organic EL device), a display device, a lighting device, and a display device.
- organic EL device organic electroluminescent device
- Organic EL devices are of interest for example as large area solid state light source applications replacing incandescent lamps or gas filled lamps.
- it is attracting attention as a leading self-luminous display to replace liquid crystal displays (LCDs) in the flat panel display (FPD) field, and its commercialization is in progress.
- LCDs liquid crystal displays
- FPD flat panel display
- Organic EL elements are roughly classified into low molecular weight organic EL elements and high molecular weight organic EL elements from the organic materials used.
- a high molecular weight organic EL device a high molecular weight compound is used as an organic material
- a low molecular weight organic EL device a low molecular weight compound is used.
- the method of manufacturing an organic EL element is mainly a dry process in which film formation is performed in a vacuum system, and a wet process in which film formation is performed by plate printing such as letterpress printing and intaglio printing, plateless printing such as inkjet Are roughly divided into two. Since simple film formation is possible, a wet process is expected as an indispensable method for future large screen organic EL displays.
- the organic EL element produced using a wet process has the feature that cost reduction and area enlargement are easy. In wet processes, high solubility in coating solvents may be desired. In addition, in consideration of coating on a plastic film, depending on the application, a material that cures at a low temperature is desired.
- An embodiment of the present invention aims to provide an organic electronic material capable of securing a wide process margin in a wet process. Further, another embodiment of the present invention provides an ink composition suitable for a wet process, and an organic layer excellent in production efficiency, an organic electronic device, an organic EL device, a display device, a lighting device, and a display device. The purpose is
- the invention includes various embodiments. Examples of embodiments are listed below. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
- the present invention relates to an organic electronic material, which is a polymer in which the amount of methanol added until turbidity occurs in the solution is dropped by adding 25 ⁇ L of methanol dropwise to 1,000 ⁇ L of a solution containing the ratio and stirring.
- the charge transporting polymer preferably has a polymerizable functional group. More preferably, the charge transporting polymer has an aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups at its end.
- Another embodiment relates to an organic electronic material containing a charge transportable polymer, wherein the charge transportable polymer has an aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups at its end.
- the aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups preferably includes an aromatic ring represented by the following formula. (N independently represents an integer of 1 to 6)
- the polymerizable functional group preferably includes at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxetanyl group, an oxiranyl group, a vinyl group, an acryloyloxy group, and a methacryloyloxy group.
- the charge transporting polymer is preferably a hole transporting polymer.
- the charge transporting polymer preferably has a structure branched in three or more directions.
- the charge transportable polymer has a structural unit having charge transportability, and the structural unit having charge transportability is composed of a divalent structural unit L and a trivalent or higher structural unit B. It is preferable to include at least one selected from the group consisting of
- the charge transport structural unit is at least one selected from the group consisting of an aromatic amine structure, a carbazole structure, a thiophene structure, a bithiophene structure, a benzene structure, a phenoxazine structure, and a fluorene structure. It is preferred to have a structure of the kind.
- any of the organic electronic materials may further contain a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator preferably comprises an onium salt.
- Another embodiment relates to an ink composition containing any one of the organic electronic materials and a solvent.
- Another embodiment relates to an organic layer formed by any one of the organic electronic materials or the ink composition.
- Another embodiment relates to an organic electronic device comprising the organic layer.
- Another embodiment relates to an organic electroluminescent device comprising the organic layer.
- another embodiment relates to a display device and a lighting device provided with the organic electroluminescent device, and a display device provided with the lighting device and a liquid crystal device as a display means.
- an organic electronic material capable of securing a wide process margin in a wet process.
- an ink composition suitable for a wet process, an organic layer excellent in production efficiency, an organic electronic device, an organic EL device, a display device, a lighting device, and a display device are provided. Can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of the organic EL element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing 1 H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra of monomers used in the examples.
- the organic electronic material contains at least a charge transporting polymer.
- the organic electronic material may contain optional components such as a dopant and a polymerization initiator.
- the amount of methanol is confirmed at room temperature (25 ° C.).
- a solution and methanol a solution whose temperature is adjusted to 25 ° C. and methanol are used.
- stirring of the solution and methanol is performed in a sealable container such as a sample tube. Specifically, it can be confirmed by the following method.
- the amount of methanol is preferably greater than 350 ⁇ L, more preferably greater than 450 ⁇ L, and still more preferably greater than 500 ⁇ L.
- the solubility improvement effect can be obtained particularly well when the charge transporting polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent include hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene and hexane.
- the amount of methanol is preferably 800 ⁇ L or less, more preferably 700 ⁇ L or less, and still more preferably 600 ⁇ L or less from the viewpoint of obtaining high solubility of the polymer.
- Examples of a method for obtaining a charge transporting polymer having a large amount of methanol include a method of introducing a structure having a polar group such as a group containing a hetero atom.
- a method for obtaining a charge transporting polymer having a small amount of methanol for example, a method of introducing a structure having a low polar group such as an alkyl group can be mentioned.
- the charge transport polymer exhibiting an amount of methanol greater than 350 ⁇ L may have a polymerizable functional group.
- the charge transport polymer can be cured by the polymerization reaction to change the solubility in the solvent. It is also possible to adjust the amount of methanol of the charge transporting polymer by selecting a polar group or a low polar group as the polymerizable functional group.
- the polymerizable functional group may be introduced into the terminal portion of the charge transporting polymer (that is, the structural unit T described later) or into a non-terminal portion (that is, the structural unit L or B described later) , And may be introduced into both the end portion and the non-end portion. From the viewpoint of curability, it is preferably introduced to at least the terminal part, and from the viewpoint of achieving both curability and charge transportability, it is preferably introduced to only the terminal part.
- the polymerizable functional group may be introduced into the main chain of the charge transporting polymer or may be introduced into the side chain, and the main chain and the side chain May be introduced to both.
- polymerizable functional group refers to a functional group which can form a bond with each other by the addition of heat, light or the like.
- the polymerizable functional group is a group having a carbon-carbon multiple bond (for example, vinyl group, allyl group, butenyl group, ethynyl group, acryloyl group, acrylate group (acryloyloxy group), acryloylamino group, methacryloyl group, methacrylate group (Methacryloyloxy group), methacryloyl amino group, vinyloxy group, vinyl amino group etc., a group having a small ring (eg, cyclic alkyl group such as cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group etc .; epoxy group (oxiranyl group), oxetane group ( Cyclic ether group such as oxetanyl group); diketene group; episulfide group; lactone group; lactam group etc .; heterocyclic group (eg furan-yl group, pyrrol-yl group, thiophene-yl group, silole
- preferable polymerizable functional groups include oxetanyl group, oxiranyl group, vinyl group, acryloyloxy group, methacryloyloxy group and the like.
- An oxetanyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of storage stability. Moreover, adjustment of the amount of methanol can be easily performed by the introduction of the oxetanyl group.
- the main skeleton of the charge transporting polymer and the polymerizable functional group be linked by an alkylene chain.
- a hydrophilic electrode such as ITO
- it is linked by a hydrophilic chain such as ethylene glycol chain or diethylene glycol chain. preferable.
- the charge transporting polymer is preferably polymerized with the end of the alkylene chain and / or the hydrophilic chain, ie, these chains
- the bond with the sexual functional group and / or the bond between these chain and the skeleton of the charge transport polymer may have an ether bond or an ester bond.
- Examples of “a group containing a polymerizable functional group” described later include a polymerizable functional group itself, a polymerizable functional group having a substituent, or a bonding group such as an unsubstituted or substituted polymerizable functional group and an alkylene chain And the like.
- groups exemplified in WO 2010/140553 can be suitably used.
- the polymerizable functional group is preferably contained in large amounts in the charge transporting polymer from the viewpoint of contributing to the change in solubility. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of not interfering with the charge transportability, it is preferable that the amount contained in the charge transportable polymer is small.
- the content of the polymerizable functional group can be appropriately set in consideration of these.
- the number of polymerizable functional groups per molecule of charge transporting polymer is preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 3 or more from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient change in solubility.
- the number of polymerizable functional groups is preferably 1,000 or less, more preferably 500 or less, from the viewpoint of maintaining charge transportability.
- the number of polymerizable functional groups per molecule of charge transporting polymer is the amount of charged polymerizable functional groups (eg, the amount of charged monomers having polymerizable functional groups) used to synthesize the charge transporting polymer, The amount of monomers corresponding to each structural unit, the weight average molecular weight of the charge transporting polymer, and the like can be used as the average value.
- the number of polymerizable functional groups is the ratio of the integral value of the signal derived from the polymerizable functional group in the 1 H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectrum of the charge transporting polymer to the integral value of the entire spectrum, charge transporting polymer It can be calculated as an average value using the weight average molecular weight and the like of In the case where the preparation amount is clear, it is preferable to adopt a value determined using the preparation amount because it is simple.
- the organic electronic material contains a charge transporting polymer having an aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups at its end. The end is the end of the polymer chain.
- Aromatic ring refers to a ring exhibiting aromatic character.
- the aromatic ring may be, for example, a single ring such as benzene, or a fused ring in which rings such as naphthalene are fused to each other.
- the aromatic ring may be, for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, etc. Pyridine, pyrazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthroline, furan, pyrrole, thiophene, carbazole, oxazole And an aromatic heterocyclic ring such as oxadiazole, thiadiazole, triazole, benzoxazole, benzoxadiazole, benzothiadiazole, benzotriazole, benzothiophene and the like.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, etc.
- Pyridine pyrazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthroline, furan, pyr
- the aromatic ring may have, for example, a structure in which two or more selected from an independent single ring and a fused ring are bonded, such as biphenyl, terphenyl and triphenylbenzene.
- the aromatic ring is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the aromatic ring is preferably a single ring. Particularly preferred is benzene.
- the "polymerizable functional group” is as described above.
- the two polymerizable functional groups may be the same as or different from each other.
- the polymerizable functional group may be directly bonded to the aromatic ring or may be bonded via a linking group such as an alkylene chain. That is, "an aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups” may be "an aromatic ring having two groups containing a polymerizable functional group”.
- the two polymerizable functional groups may be the same as or different from each other.
- the groups containing two polymerizable functional groups may be identical to or different from each other.
- aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups In a preferred embodiment, the following may be mentioned as an aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups.
- the aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups is not limited to the following.
- Ar represents an aromatic ring, and each R independently represents a group containing a polymerizable functional group. "*" Represents a binding site to another structure.
- Ar is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group, more preferably a benzene ring.
- Ar may have a substituent in addition to R, and examples of the substituent include R in the structural unit L (with the exception of the group containing a polymerizable functional group).
- R preferably contains a group selected from a group having a carbon-carbon multiple bond and a group having a small ring, more preferably contains a group having a small ring, and further includes a cyclic ether group.
- R may be the same as or different from each other, and is preferably the same.
- Preferred examples of the aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups include the following.
- R independently represents a group containing a polymerizable functional group.
- "*" Represents a binding site to another structure.
- R preferably contains a group selected from a group having a carbon-carbon multiple bond and a group having a small ring, more preferably contains a group having a small ring, and further includes a cyclic ether group.
- R may be the same as or different from each other, and is preferably the same.
- aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups The aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups is not limited to the following.
- n independently represents an integer of 1 to 6.
- "*" Represents a binding site to another structure.
- aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups include the following.
- "*" Represents a binding site to another structure.
- the charge transporting polymer exhibits good curability at low temperatures by having an aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups at its terminal. In addition, the charge transporting polymer exhibits good solubility by having an aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups at the end. In the charge transporting polymer, the aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups is considered to be steric hindrance, and the solubility in the solvent is improved. However, this assumption does not limit the present invention.
- the charge transporting polymer is preferably a polymer that satisfies the amount of methanol described above and has an aromatic ring having two polymerizable functional groups at its end.
- the charge transporting polymer is a polymer having the ability to transport a charge.
- the charge transporting polymer preferably has the ability to transport holes.
- the hole transportable polymer can be used, for example, as a hole injection layer and / or a hole transport layer of an organic EL device.
- it if it is an electron transportable polymer, it can be used as an electron carrying layer and / or an electron injection layer, for example.
- any polymer having the ability to transport both holes and electrons can be used, for example, as a material of the light emitting layer.
- the charge transporting polymer may be linear or branched.
- the branched charge transporting polymer has a structure branched in three or more directions.
- the branched charge transporting polymer has a main chain and a branched chain (side chain), and the side chain contains one or more structural units.
- the charge transport polymer preferably includes at least a divalent structural unit L having charge transportability and a monovalent structural unit T constituting an end of a polymer chain, and has a trivalent or higher valence constituting a branch.
- the structural unit B may be further included.
- the charge transporting polymer preferably has a charge transporting property and includes at least a trivalent or more structural unit B constituting a branch and a monovalent structural unit T constituting an end of a polymer chain.
- the divalent structural unit L may be further included.
- the charge transporting polymer may contain only one type of each structural unit, or may contain multiple types of each. In the charge transporting polymer, the structural units are bonded to each other at the “monovalent” to “trivalent or higher” bonding sites.
- the charge transporting polymer is a group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, carbazole structure, thiophene structure, bithiophene structure, fluorene structure, benzene structure, and phenoxazine structure as at least one of structural units L and B. It is preferable to include at least one selected from
- L represents a structural unit L
- T represents a structural unit T
- B represents a structural unit B.
- a plurality of L may be the same structural unit as one another or structural units different from one another. The same applies to T and B.
- "*" Represents a binding site to another structural unit. The same applies to the specific examples of the structural units L, T and B below.
- the structural unit L is a divalent structural unit.
- the structural unit L is preferably a structural unit having charge transportability.
- the structural unit L having charge transportability is not particularly limited as long as it contains a group having the ability to transport a charge.
- the structural unit L may be substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, carbazole structure, thiophene structure, fluorene structure, phenoxazine structure, benzene structure, biphenylene structure, terphenylene structure, naphthalene structure, anthracene structure, tetracene structure, Phenanthrene structure, dihydrophenanthrene structure, pyridine structure, pyrazine structure, quinoline structure, isoquinoline structure, quinoxaline structure, acridine structure, diazaphenanthrene structure, furan structure, pyrrol structure, oxazole structure, oxadiazole structure, thiazole structure, thiadiazole structure, Triazole structure, benzothiophene structure, benzoxazole structure, benzoxadiazole structure, benzothiazole structure, benzothiadiazole structure, benzotriazole structure, and It is selected from the structures containing one or two or more of these
- the structure containing 2 or more of these may be sufficient, and as a structure containing 2 or more, the bithiophene structure is mentioned, for example.
- the aromatic amine structure is preferably a triarylamine structure, more preferably a triphenylamine structure.
- the structural unit L is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, carbazole structure, thiophene structure, bithiophene structure, fluorene structure, benzene structure, and phenoxazine from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent hole transportability. It is preferable to include at least one selected from the group consisting of structures, and more preferable to include at least one selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structures and carbazole structures.
- the structural unit L is at least selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene structure, a benzene structure, a phenanthrene structure, a pyridine structure, and a quinoline structure from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent electron transportability. It is preferable to include one.
- the structural unit L is not limited to the following.
- Each R independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- each R independently represents a group containing -R 1 , -OR 2 , -SR 3 , -OCOR 4 , -COOR 5 , -SiR 6 R 7 R 8 , a halogen atom, and a polymerizable functional group. It is selected from the group consisting of
- Each of R 1 to R 8 independently represents a hydrogen atom; a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group is an atomic group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the heteroaryl group is an atomic group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aromatic heterocycle.
- the alkyl group may be further substituted by an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and the aryl group and heteroaryl group are each a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms. It may be further substituted.
- R is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, and an alkyl substituted aryl group.
- Ar represents an arylene group or heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- An arylene group is an atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the heteroarylene group is an atomic group obtained by removing 2 hydrogen atoms from an aromatic heterocycle.
- Ar is preferably an arylene group, more preferably a phenylene group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon includes a single ring, a condensed ring, or a polycyclic ring in which two or more selected from a single ring and a condensed ring are bonded via a single bond.
- the aromatic heterocyclic ring includes a single ring, a condensed ring, or a polycyclic ring in which two or more selected from a single ring and a condensed ring are bonded via a single bond.
- the structural unit T is a monovalent structural unit constituting an end of the charge transporting polymer.
- the structural unit T is not particularly limited, and is selected, for example, from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon structure, an aromatic heterocyclic structure, and a structure containing one or more of them.
- the structural unit T may have the same structure as the structural unit L. In this case, for example, the structural unit T can be obtained by changing the example given as the structural unit L to monovalent.
- the structural unit T is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon structure from the viewpoint of imparting durability without reducing charge transportability, and is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted benzene More preferred is a structure.
- the structural unit T includes an aromatic hydrocarbon structure having two polymerizable functional groups and / or two polymerizable functional groups. At least an aromatic heterocyclic ring structure is included.
- Structural unit T is not limited to the following.
- R is the same as R in the structural unit L.
- any two of R's are a group containing a polymerizable functional group.
- the structural unit B is a trivalent or higher structural unit constituting a branched portion when the charge transporting polymer has a branched structure.
- the structural unit B is preferably hexavalent or less, more preferably trivalent or tetravalent, from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the organic electronic device.
- the structural unit B is preferably a structural unit having charge transportability.
- the structural unit B may have the same structure as the structural unit L. In this case, for example, the structural unit B can be obtained by changing the example given as the structural unit L to trivalent or higher.
- the structural unit B may be a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amine structure, a carbazole structure, a fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure, and one or two of them from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the organic electronic device. It is selected from structures containing more than species.
- Structural unit B is not limited to the following.
- W represents a trivalent linking group, for example, an arenetriyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or a heteroarenetriyl group.
- An arenetriyl group is an atomic group obtained by removing three hydrogen atoms from an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the heteroarene triyl group is an atomic group obtained by removing 3 hydrogen atoms from an aromatic heterocycle.
- Ar each independently represents a divalent linking group, and each independently represents, for example, an arylene group or heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Ar is preferably an arylene group, more preferably a phenylene group.
- Y represents a divalent linking group, and, for example, from R in the structural unit L (with the exception of the group containing a polymerizable functional group), a group having one or more hydrogen atoms, and one more hydrogen atom And divalent groups other than.
- Z represents either a carbon atom, a silicon atom, or a phosphorus atom.
- the benzene ring and Ar may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include R in the structural unit L.
- the number average molecular weight of the charge transporting polymer can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the solubility in a solvent, the film forming property and the like. From the viewpoint of excellent charge transportability, the number average molecular weight is preferably 500 or more, more preferably 1,000 or more, and still more preferably 2,000 or more. The number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 100,000 or less, from the viewpoint of maintaining good solubility in a solvent and facilitating the preparation of the ink composition. The following is more preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight of the charge transporting polymer can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the solubility in a solvent, the film forming property and the like.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 or more, more preferably 5,000 or more, and still more preferably 10,000 or more from the viewpoint of excellent charge transportability.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 700,000 or less, from the viewpoint of maintaining good solubility in a solvent and facilitating the preparation of the ink composition. The following is more preferable.
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a calibration curve of standard polystyrene.
- Liquid transfer pump L-6050 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
- UV-Vis Detector L-3000 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
- Eluent THF (for HPLC, without stabilizer) Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Flow rate 1 mL / min
- Column temperature Room temperature molecular weight standard substance: Standard polystyrene
- the proportion of the structural unit L is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, based on all structural units, from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient charge transportability. And 30 mol% or more is more preferable. Further, the ratio of the structural unit L is preferably 95 mol% or less, more preferably 90 mol% or less, and still more preferably 85 mol% or less, in consideration of the structural unit T and the structural unit B introduced as necessary.
- the ratio of the structural unit T contained in the charge transportable polymer is based on all structural units from the viewpoint of improving the properties of the organic electronic device, or from the viewpoint of suppressing the increase in viscosity and favorably synthesizing the charge transportable polymer. 5 mol% or more is preferable, 10 mol% or more is more preferable, and 15 mol% or more is still more preferable.
- the proportion of the structural unit T is preferably 60 mol% or less, more preferably 55 mol% or less, and still more preferably 50 mol% or less from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient charge transportability.
- the proportion of the structural unit B is preferably 1 mol% or more, more preferably 5 mol% or more, based on the total structural units, from the viewpoint of improving the durability of the organic electronic device.
- 10 mol% or more is more preferable.
- the proportion of the structural unit B is preferably 50 mol% or less, and 40 mol% or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing the increase in viscosity and performing synthesis of the charge transporting polymer favorably, or from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient charge transporting properties. Is more preferable, and 30 mol% or less is more preferable.
- the ratio of the polymerizable functional group is preferably 0.1 mol% or more based on all structural units, from the viewpoint of efficiently curing the charge transporting polymer.
- the mole% or more is more preferable, and the 3 mole% or more is more preferable.
- the ratio of the polymerizable functional group is preferably 70 mol% or less, more preferably 60 mol% or less, and still more preferably 50 mol% or less from the viewpoint of obtaining good charge transportability.
- the ratio of a polymerizable functional group here means the ratio of the structural unit which has a polymerizable functional group.
- the proportion of structural units can be determined using the amount of monomer corresponding to each structural unit used to synthesize the charge transporting polymer.
- the proportion of structural units can be calculated as an average value using the integral value of the spectrum derived from each structural unit in the 1 H NMR spectrum of the charge transporting polymer. In the case where the preparation amount is clear, it is preferable to adopt a value determined using the preparation amount because it is simple.
- the charge transporting polymer is a hole transporting material
- a unit having an aromatic amine structure and / or a unit having a carbazole structure as a main structural unit from the viewpoint of obtaining high hole injecting property and hole transporting property
- it is a compound which it has.
- the ratio of the total number of units having an aromatic amine structure and the units having a carbazole structure to the total number of structural units in the charge transporting polymer 40 mol% or more is preferable, 45 mol% or more is more preferable, and 50 mol% or more is still more preferable. It is also possible to set the proportion of the total number of units having an aromatic amine structure and / or units having a carbazole structure to 100 mol%.
- the charge transporting polymer can be produced by various synthesis methods and is not particularly limited. For example, known coupling reactions such as Suzuki coupling, Negishi coupling, Sonogashira coupling, Stille coupling, Buchwald-Heartwig coupling can be used. Suzuki coupling causes a Pd-catalyzed cross coupling reaction to occur between an aromatic boronic acid derivative and an aromatic halide. According to Suzuki coupling, a charge transporting polymer can be easily produced by bonding desired aromatic rings.
- a Pd (0) compound, a Pd (II) compound, a Ni compound or the like is used as a catalyst.
- a catalyst species generated by mixing tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0), palladium (II) acetate or the like as a precursor with a phosphine ligand can also be used.
- the description of WO 2010/140553 can be referred to.
- the organic electronic material may further contain a dopant.
- the dopant is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can exhibit a doping effect by being added to the organic electronic material and can improve charge transportability.
- doping there are p-type doping and n-type doping, and in p-type doping, a substance that functions as an electron acceptor is used as a dopant, and in n-type doping, a substance that functions as an electron donor as a dopant is used. It is preferable to perform p-type doping to improve hole transportability and n-type doping to improve electron transportability.
- the dopant used for the organic electronic material may be a dopant that exerts any effect of p-type doping or n-type doping. Also, one dopant may be added alone, or a plurality of dopants may be mixed and added.
- the dopant used for p-type doping is an electron accepting compound, and examples thereof include Lewis acids, protonic acids, transition metal compounds, ionic compounds, halogen compounds, and ⁇ -conjugated compounds.
- Lewis acids FeCl 3 , PF 5 , AsF 5 , SbF 5 , BF 5 , BCl 3 , BBr 3 etc .
- protonic acid HF, HCl, HBr, HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4
- Inorganic acids such as HClO 4 , benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polyvinylsulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, 1-butanesulfonic acid, vinylphenylsulfonic acid
- Organic acids such as camphor sulfonic acid; transition metal compounds
- the onium salt is a compound containing an onium ion.
- the onium salt include salts containing an onium ion such as ammonium, phosphonium, oxonium, sulfonium and iodonium.
- onium salts can be selected and used from the examples of ionic compounds.
- the dopant used for n-type doping is an electron donative compound, for example, alkali metals such as Li and Cs; alkaline earth metals such as Mg and Ca; alkali metals such as LiF and Cs 2 CO 3 and / or Examples thereof include salts of alkaline earth metals; metal complexes; and electron donating organic compounds.
- alkali metals such as Li and Cs
- alkaline earth metals such as Mg and Ca
- alkali metals such as LiF and Cs 2 CO 3 and / or Examples thereof include salts of alkaline earth metals; metal complexes; and electron donating organic compounds.
- a compound capable of acting as a polymerization initiator for the polymerizable functional group as a dopant.
- a substance having a function as a dopant and a function as a polymerization initiator for example, onium salts can be mentioned.
- the organic electronic material preferably contains a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerization initiator known radical polymerization initiators, cationic polymerization initiators, anionic polymerization initiators and the like can be used. From the viewpoint of easily preparing the ink composition, it is preferable to use a substance having both the function as a dopant and the function as a polymerization initiator. Examples of the polymerization initiator also having a function as a dopant include onium salts.
- onium salts include salts having an anion having a perfluoroaryl group or a perfluoroalkyl group, and specific examples include salts of an anion having a perfluoroaryl group and an iodonium ion or an ammonium ion. These examples are listed below.
- the organic electronic material may further contain other charge transporting polymers, charge transporting low molecular weight compounds and the like.
- the content of the charge transporting polymer is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and further preferably 80% by mass or more based on the total mass of the organic electronic material from the viewpoint of obtaining good charge transporting properties. preferable. It is also possible to make it 100 mass%.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.01% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the organic electronic material from the viewpoint of improving the charge transportability of the organic electronic material, and 0.1% by mass or more More preferably, 0.5 mass% or more is more preferable.
- 50 mass% or less is preferable with respect to the total mass of organic electronics material, 30 mass% or less is more preferable, 20 mass% or less is still more preferable.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.01% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the organic electronic material from the viewpoint of improving the curability of the charge transportable polymer, 0.1% by mass The above is more preferable, and 0.5 mass% or more is more preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of maintaining charge transportability favorably, 50% by mass or less is preferable, 30% by mass or less is more preferable, and 20% by mass or less is more preferable with respect to the total mass of the organic electronic material.
- the organic electronic material is preferably used as an ink composition containing the organic electronic material of the embodiment and a solvent capable of dissolving or dispersing the material.
- the organic layer can be easily formed by a simple method such as a coating method.
- solvent water, an organic solvent, or a mixed solvent thereof can be used.
- organic solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol; alkanes such as pentane, hexane and octane; cyclic alkanes such as cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin and diphenylmethane; Aliphatic ethers such as dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether acetate; 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, anisole, phenetole, 2-methoxytoluene, 3-methoxytoluene, Aromatic ethers such as 4-methoxytoluene, 2,3-dimethylanisole, 2,4-dimethylanisole;
- Amide solvents dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, chloroform, methylene chloride and the like.
- aromatic hydrocarbons aliphatic esters, aromatic esters, aliphatic ethers, aromatic ethers and the like, and more preferred are aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the ink composition may further contain an additive as an optional component.
- an additive for example, a polymerization inhibitor, a stabilizer, a thickener, a gelling agent, a flame retardant, an antioxidant, a reduction inhibitor, an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, a surface modifier, an emulsifier, an antifoamer, Dispersants, surfactants and the like can be mentioned.
- the content of the solvent in the ink composition can be determined in consideration of application to various coating methods.
- the content of the solvent is preferably such that the ratio of the charge transporting polymer to the solvent is 0.1% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.2% by mass or more. More preferably, the content of the solvent is preferably such that the ratio of the charge transporting polymer to the solvent is 20% by mass or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less, and still more preferably 10% by mass or less .
- the organic layer is formed using the organic electronic material or ink composition of the embodiment.
- an organic layer can be favorably formed by a coating method.
- Coating methods include, for example, spin coating method; cast method; immersion method; plate printing method such as letterpress printing, intaglio printing, offset printing, lithographic printing, letterpress reverse offset printing, screen printing, gravure printing, etc .; Known methods such as plateless printing can be mentioned.
- the organic layer (application layer) obtained after application may be dried using a hotplate or oven, and a solvent may be removed.
- the polymerization reaction of the charge transporting polymer may be advanced by light irradiation, heat treatment or the like to change the solubility of the organic layer.
- the organic layer whose solubility is changed it is possible to easily make the organic electronic device multilayer.
- the method of forming the organic layer reference can be made to, for example, the description of WO 2010/140553.
- the thickness of the organic layer after drying or curing is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1 nm or more, and still more preferably 3 nm or more, from the viewpoint of improving the charge transport efficiency.
- the thickness of the organic layer is preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably 200 nm or less, and still more preferably 100 nm or less, from the viewpoint of reducing the electrical resistance.
- the organic electronic device comprises at least the organic layer of the previous embodiment.
- an organic electronics element an organic EL element, an organic photoelectric conversion element, an organic transistor etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the organic electronic device preferably has a structure in which an organic layer is disposed between at least a pair of electrodes.
- the organic EL device has at least the organic layer of the above embodiment.
- the organic EL device generally comprises a light emitting layer, an anode, a cathode, and a substrate, and as necessary, other functional layers such as a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, etc. Have. Each layer may be formed by a vapor deposition method or may be formed by a coating method.
- the organic EL device preferably has an organic layer as a light emitting layer or a functional layer, more preferably as a functional layer, and still more preferably as at least one of a hole injecting layer and a hole transporting layer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the organic EL element.
- the organic EL device of FIG. 1 is a device having a multilayer structure, and includes a substrate 8, an anode 2, a hole injection layer 3 formed of the organic layer of the embodiment, a hole transport layer 6, a light emitting layer 1, an electron transport layer 7, The electron injection layer 5 and the cathode 4 are provided in this order. Each layer will be described below.
- the hole injection layer 3 is the organic layer of the embodiment, but the organic EL of the embodiment is not limited to such a structure, and the other layers may be the organic layer of the embodiment. .
- light emitting materials such as low molecular weight compounds, polymers, and dendrimers can be used.
- the polymer is preferable because it has high solubility in a solvent and is suitable for a coating method.
- a fluorescent material a phosphorescent material, a heat activated delayed fluorescent material (TADF) and the like can be mentioned.
- Fluorescent materials such as perylene, coumarin, rubrene, quinacridone, stilbene, dyes for dye lasers, aluminum complexes, low molecular weight compounds such as derivatives thereof; polyfluorene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polyvinylcarbazole, fluorene-benzothiadiazole copolymer And fluorene-triphenylamine copolymers, polymers such as derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
- a metal complex containing a metal such as Ir or Pt can be used.
- Ir complex for example, FIr (pic) which emits blue light (iridium (III) bis [(4,6-difluorophenyl) -pyridinate-N, C 2 ] picolinate), Ir (ppy) 3 which emits green light (fac tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium), and red emission (btp) 2 Ir (acac) (bis [2- (2'-benzo [4,5- ⁇ ] thienyl) pyridinato -N, C 3] Iridium (acetyl-acetonate), Ir (piq) 3 (tris (1-phenylisoquinoline) iridium) and the like can be mentioned.
- Pt complexes include PtOEP (2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13, 13, 18-octaethyl-21H, 23H-phorphine platinum) that
- the light emitting layer contains a phosphorescent material
- a host material a low molecular weight compound, a polymer or a dendrimer can be used.
- low molecular weight compounds for example, CBP (4,4'-bis (9H-carbazol-9-yl) biphenyl), mCP (1,3-bis (9-carbazolyl) benzene), CDBP (4,4'-)
- the polymer include bis (carbazol-9-yl) -2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl), and derivatives thereof.
- the polymer include the organic electronic materials of the above embodiment, polyvinylcarbazole, polyphenylene, polyfluorene, derivatives thereof, and the like.
- the organic electronics material of the said embodiment is mentioned, for example.
- the organic EL element has a layer formed using the organic electronic material of the embodiment as a hole injection layer, and further has a hole transport layer, known materials for the hole transport layer Can be used.
- the organic EL element has a layer formed using the organic electronic material of the embodiment as a hole transport layer and further has a hole injection layer, known materials for the hole injection layer Can be used.
- aromatic amine compounds eg, N, N′-di (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N′-diphenyl-benzidine
- Aromatic diamines such as ⁇ -NPD
- phthalocyanine compounds e.g, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): thiophenes such as poly (4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) Conductive polymers
- Electrode transport layer Materials used for the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer include, for example, phenanthroline derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrandioxide derivatives, fused ring tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides such as naphthalene and perylene, carbodiimides , Fluorenylidene methane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives (eg, 2,2 ′, 2 ′ ′-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl) tris ( 1-phenyl-1H-benzoimidazole) (TPBi)), quinoxaline derivatives, aluminum complexes (eg, bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolate) -4- (phenylphenola)
- cathode As a cathode material, for example, a metal or metal alloy such as Li, Ca, Mg, Al, In, Cs, Ba, Mg / Ag, LiF, CsF or the like is used.
- a metal or metal alloy such as Li, Ca, Mg, Al, In, Cs, Ba, Mg / Ag, LiF, CsF or the like is used.
- anode for example, a metal (for example, Au) or another conductive material is used.
- Other materials include, for example, oxides (eg, ITO: indium oxide / tin oxide), conductive polymers (eg, polythiophene-polystyrene sulfonic acid mixture (PEDOT: PSS)).
- substrate Glass, plastic or the like can be used as the substrate.
- the substrate is preferably transparent and preferably flexible. Quartz glass, a light transmitting resin film, etc. are preferably used.
- the resin film for example, a film composed of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyether sulfone, polyether imide, polyether ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, etc. It can be mentioned.
- the resin film When a resin film is used, the resin film may be coated with an inorganic substance such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride in order to suppress permeation of water vapor, oxygen and the like.
- an inorganic substance such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride
- the luminescent color of the organic EL element is not particularly limited.
- a white organic EL element is preferable because it can be used in various lighting fixtures such as home lighting, in-car lighting, clocks, backlights of liquid crystals, and the like.
- a white organic EL element As a method of forming a white organic EL element, it is possible to use a method in which a plurality of light emitting materials are used to simultaneously emit light of a plurality of light emitting colors for color mixing.
- the combination of plural emission colors is not particularly limited, but a combination containing three emission maximum wavelengths of blue, green and red, a combination containing two emission maximum wavelengths such as blue and yellow, yellow green and orange, etc. Can be mentioned.
- Control of the luminescent color can be performed by adjusting the type and amount of the luminescent material.
- the display device comprises the organic EL device of the embodiment.
- a color display element can be obtained by using an organic EL element as an element corresponding to each pixel of red, green and blue (RGB).
- Image forming methods include a simple matrix type in which individual organic EL elements arranged in a panel are directly driven by electrodes arranged in a matrix, and an active matrix type in which thin film transistors are arranged and driven in each element.
- the lighting device includes the organic EL element of the above embodiment.
- the display device includes an illumination device and a liquid crystal element as display means.
- the display device can be a display device using the lighting device as a back light and a liquid crystal display device using a known liquid crystal element as a display means.
- the measurement conditions of the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight are as follows.
- Liquid transfer pump L-6050 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
- UV-Vis Detector L-3000 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
- Eluent THF (for HPLC, without stabilizer) Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Flow rate 1 mL / min
- Column temperature Room temperature molecular weight standard substance: Standard polystyrene
- 25 .mu.L of methanol poor solvent, made by Kanto Chemical Co., 25.degree. C.
- the operations of dropping, capping and stirring were repeated until the polymer solution became cloudy, and the amount of methanol dropped was measured until the clouding occurred. The turbidity was visually confirmed.
- the dropping amount of methanol is shown in Table 2.
- the charge transporting polymer 1 was a polymer showing an amount of methanol exceeding 350 ⁇ L
- the charge transporting polymer 2 was a polymer showing an amount of methanol of 350 ⁇ L or less.
- the dissolution time of the charge transportable polymer 1 was less than half of that of the charge transportable polymer 2.
- the charge transporting polymer 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention was found to have excellent solubility.
- Example 2 Charge transport polymer 1 (10.0 mg) was dissolved in toluene (1, 991 ⁇ L) to obtain a polymer solution. Also, the following onium salt (0.309 mg) was dissolved in toluene (309 ⁇ L) to obtain an onium salt solution. The obtained polymer solution and the onium salt solution were mixed to prepare a coating solution (ink composition containing an organic electronic material). The coating solution was spin-coated on a quartz glass plate at a rotational speed of 3,000 min ⁇ 1 at room temperature (25 ° C.) to form an organic thin film. The quartz glass plate was then heated on a hot plate at various temperatures for 10 minutes.
- the quartz glass plate was gripped with tweezers, and immersed in a 200 mL beaker filled with toluene (25 ° C.), and the quartz glass plate was vibrated 10 times in 10 seconds in the thickness direction of the quartz glass plate. From the ratio of the absorbance (Abs) of the absorption maximum ( ⁇ max) in the UV-vis spectrum of the organic thin film before and after the immersion, the residual film ratio of the organic thin film was determined by the following equation.
- the absorbance at the maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 300 to 500 nm was measured for the organic thin film using a spectrophotometer (U-3310 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
- Comparative Example 2 The charge transporting polymer 2 (10.0 mg) was dissolved in toluene (1, 991 ⁇ L) to obtain a polymer solution. Also, the onium salt (0.309 mg) was dissolved in toluene (309 ⁇ L) to obtain an onium salt solution. The obtained polymer solution and the onium salt solution were mixed to prepare a coating solution. The coating solution was spin-coated on a quartz glass plate at a rotational speed of 3,000 min ⁇ 1 at room temperature (25 ° C.) to form an organic thin film. Subsequently, in the same manner as in Example 2, the residual film ratio of the organic thin film was determined.
- the residual film ratio of charge transporting polymers 1 and 2 is shown in Table 4.
- the organic thin film formed by using the charge transporting polymer 1 showed a high residual film ratio by heating at a low temperature as compared with the organic thin film formed by using the charge transporting polymer 2. It has been revealed that the organic electronic materials containing the charge transporting polymer 1 can be cured at low temperature.
- Example 3 The charge transporting polymer 1 (10.0 mg) was dissolved in toluene (2,200 ⁇ L) to obtain a polymer solution. Further, the onium salt (0.1 mg) was dissolved in toluene (100 ⁇ L) to obtain an onium salt solution. The obtained polymer solution and the onium salt solution were mixed to prepare an ink composition 1 containing the charge transporting polymer 1. Ink composition 1 is spin-coated at 3,000 min -1 on a glass substrate patterned with ITO to a width of 1.6 mm in the atmosphere, and then heated at 140 ° C. for 10 minutes on a hot plate to form a hole injection layer (20 nm) was formed.
- Ink Composition 2 Charge Transport Polymer 3 (10.0 mg) and toluene (1.145 mL) were mixed to prepare Ink Composition 2.
- the ink composition 2 was spin-coated at 3,000 min ⁇ 1 on the hole injection layer, dried by heating at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes on a hot plate, and a hole transport layer (40 nm) was formed.
- the hole transport layer could be formed without dissolving the hole injection layer.
- the glass substrate is transferred into a vacuum deposition machine, and CBP: Ir (ppy) 3 (94: 6, 30 nm), BAlq (10 nm), Alq 3 (30 nm), LiF (0.8 nm) are deposited on the hole transport layer. And Al (100 nm) were sequentially formed by vapor deposition, and sealing treatment was performed to fabricate an organic EL device.
- Comparative Example 3 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as Example 3, except that the charge transporting polymer 1 was replaced by the charge transporting polymer 2. At the time of formation of the hole transport layer, the hole injection layer partially dissolved, and a multilayer structure could not be formed.
- a multilayer structure could be formed by including an organic layer excellent in solvent resistance at low temperature (140 ° C.) heating.
- the organic EL device of Example 3 has a longer emission life than the organic EL device of Comparative Example 3. Furthermore, in the organic EL element of Example 3, the driving voltage was lowered, and the effect of improving the light emission efficiency was obtained.
- the organic electronic material according to the embodiment of the present invention By using the organic electronic material according to the embodiment of the present invention, a wide process margin can be secured in a wet process, and an excellent organic electronic device can be manufactured.
Abstract
Description
<有機エレクトロニクス材料>
有機エレクトロニクス材料は、電荷輸送性ポリマーを少なくとも含有する。有機エレクトロニクス材料は、ドーパント、重合開始剤等の任意の成分を含有してもよい。
[電荷輸送性ポリマー]
一実施形態によれば、有機エレクトロニクス材料は、下記を満たす電荷輸送性ポリマーを含有する。
電荷輸送性ポリマーとトルエンとを「電荷輸送性ポリマー/トルエン=20mg/2,290μL」の比で含有する溶液1,000μLに、メタノールを25μLずつ滴下し、撹拌した場合に、前記溶液に濁りが生じるまでに添加したメタノール量が350μLより大きい。
Arは、芳香族炭化水素基であることが好ましく、ベンゼン環であることがより好ましい。Arは、R以外に置換基を有してもよく、置換基の例として、構造単位LにおけるR(ただし、重合性官能基を含む基を除く。)が挙げられる。
Rは、炭素-炭素多重結合を有する基及び小員環を有する基から選択される基を含むことが好ましく、小員環を有する基を含むことがより好ましく、環状エーテル基を含むことが更に好ましく、オキセタン基を含むことが特に好ましい。Rは、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよく、同一であることが好ましい。
Rは、炭素-炭素多重結合を有する基及び小員環を有する基から選択される基を含むことが好ましく、小員環を有する基を含むことがより好ましく、環状エーテル基を含むことが更に好ましく、オキセタン基を含むことが特に好ましい。Rは、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよく、同一であることが好ましい。
電荷輸送性ポリマーに含まれる部分構造の例として、以下が挙げられる。電荷輸送性ポリマーは以下の部分構造を有するポリマーに限定されない。部分構造中、「L」は構造単位Lを、「T」は構造単位Tを、「B」は構造単位Bを表す。部分構造中、複数のLは、互いに同一の構造単位であっても、互いに異なる構造単位であってもよい。T及びBについても、同様である。「*」は、他の構造単位との結合部位を表す。以下の構造単位L、T及びBの具体例においても同じである。
構造単位Lは、2価の構造単位である。構造単位Lは、電荷輸送性を有する構造単位であることが好ましい。電荷輸送性を有する構造単位Lは、電荷を輸送する能力を有する原子団を含んでいればよく、特に限定されない。例えば、構造単位Lは、置換又は非置換の、芳香族アミン構造、カルバゾール構造、チオフェン構造、フルオレン構造、フェノキサジン構造、ベンゼン構造、ビフェニレン構造、ターフェニレン構造、ナフタレン構造、アントラセン構造、テトラセン構造、フェナントレン構造、ジヒドロフェナントレン構造、ピリジン構造、ピラジン構造、キノリン構造、イソキノリン構造、キノキサリン構造、アクリジン構造、ジアザフェナントレン構造、フラン構造、ピロール構造、オキサゾール構造、オキサジアゾール構造、チアゾール構造、チアジアゾール構造、トリアゾール構造、ベンゾチオフェン構造、ベンゾオキサゾール構造、ベンゾオキサジアゾール構造、ベンゾチアゾール構造、ベンゾチアジアゾール構造、ベンゾトリアゾール構造、及び、これらの1種又は2種以上を含む構造から選択される。また、これらを2個以上含む構造であってもよく、2個以上含む構造としては、例えば、ビチオフェン構造が挙げられる。芳香族アミン構造は、好ましくはトリアリールアミン構造であり、より好ましくはトリフェニルアミン構造である。
構造単位Tは、電荷輸送性ポリマーの末端部を構成する1価の構造単位である。構造単位Tは、特に限定されず、例えば、置換又は非置換の、芳香族炭化水素構造、芳香族複素環構造、及び、これらの1種又は2種以上を含む構造から選択される。構造単位Tが構造単位Lと同じ構造を有していてもよい。この場合、例えば、構造単位Lとして挙げた例を1価に変更して構造単位Tとできる。一実施形態において、構造単位Tは、電荷の輸送性を低下させずに耐久性を付与するという観点から、置換又は非置換の芳香族炭化水素構造であることが好ましく、置換又は非置換のベンゼン構造であることがより好ましい。電荷輸送性ポリマーが末端に重合性官能基を2つ有する芳香環を有する場合、構造単位Tには、2つの重合性官能基を有する芳香族炭化水素構造及び/又は2つの重合性官能基を有する芳香族複素環構造が少なくとも含まれる。
構造単位Bは、電荷輸送性ポリマーが分岐構造を有する場合に、分岐部を構成する3価以上の構造単位である。構造単位Bは、有機エレクトロニクス素子の耐久性向上の観点から、好ましくは6価以下であり、より好ましくは3価又は4価である。構造単位Bは、電荷輸送性を有する構造単位であることが好ましい。構造単位Bが構造単位Lと同じ構造を有していてもよい。この場合、例えば、構造単位Lとして挙げた例を3価以上に変更して構造単位Bとできる。例えば、構造単位Bは、有機エレクトロニクス素子の耐久性向上の観点から、置換又は非置換の、芳香族アミン構造、カルバゾール構造、縮合多環式芳香族炭化水素構造、及び、これらの1種又は2種以上を含有する構造から選択される。
電荷輸送性ポリマーの数平均分子量は、溶剤への溶解性、成膜性等を考慮して適宜、調整できる。数平均分子量は、電荷輸送性に優れるという観点から、500以上が好ましく、1,000以上がより好ましく、2,000以上が更に好ましい。また、数平均分子量は、溶媒への良好な溶解性を保ち、インク組成物の調製を容易にするという観点から、1,000,000以下が好ましく、100,000以下がより好ましく、50,000以下が更に好ましい。
電荷輸送性ポリマーの重量平均分子量は、溶剤への溶解性、成膜性等を考慮して適宜、調整できる。重量平均分子量は、電荷輸送性に優れるという観点から、1,000以上が好ましく、5,000以上がより好ましく、10,000以上が更に好ましい。また、重量平均分子量は、溶媒への良好な溶解性を保ち、インク組成物の調製を容易にするという観点から、1,000,000以下が好ましく、700,000以下がより好ましく、400,000以下が更に好ましい。
送液ポンプ :L-6050 (株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ
UV-Vis検出器:L-3000 (株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ
カラム :Gelpack(登録商標) GL-A160S/GL-A150S 日立化成(株)
溶離液 :THF(HPLC用、安定剤を含まない) 和光純薬工業(株)
流速 :1mL/min
カラム温度 :室温
分子量標準物質 :標準ポリスチレン
電荷輸送性ポリマーが構造単位Lを含む場合、構造単位Lの割合は、十分な電荷輸送性を得る観点から、全構造単位を基準として、10モル%以上が好ましく、20モル%以上がより好ましく、30モル%以上が更に好ましい。また、構造単位Lの割合は、構造単位T及び必要に応じて導入される構造単位Bを考慮すると、95モル%以下が好ましく、90モル%以下がより好ましく、85モル%以下が更に好ましい。
電荷輸送性ポリマーは、種々の合成方法により製造でき、特に限定されない。例えば、鈴木カップリング、根岸カップリング、薗頭カップリング、スティルカップリング、ブッフバルト・ハートウィッグカップリング等の公知のカップリング反応を用いることができる。鈴木カップリングは、芳香族ボロン酸誘導体と芳香族ハロゲン化物の間で、Pd触媒を用いたクロスカップリング反応を起こさせるものである。鈴木カップリングによれば、所望とする芳香環同士を結合させることにより、電荷輸送性ポリマーを簡便に製造できる。
有機エレクトロニクス材料は、ドーパントを更に含有してもよい。ドーパントは、有機エレクトロニクス材料に添加することでドーピング効果を発現させ、電荷の輸送性を向上させ得る化合物であればよく、特に制限はない。ドーピングには、p型ドーピングとn型ドーピングがあり、p型ドーピングではドーパントとして電子受容体として働く物質が用いられ、n型ドーピングではドーパントとして電子供与体として働く物質が用いられる。正孔輸送性の向上にはp型ドーピング、電子輸送性の向上にはn型ドーピングを行うことが好ましい。有機エレクトロニクス材料に用いられるドーパントは、p型ドーピング又はn型ドーピングのいずれの効果を発現させるドーパントであってもよい。また、1種のドーパントを単独で添加しても、複数種のドーパントを混合して添加してもよい。
電荷輸送性ポリマーが重合性官能基を有する場合、有機エレクトロニクス材料は、好ましくは、重合開始剤を含有する。重合開始剤として、公知のラジカル重合開始剤、カチオン重合開始剤、アニオン重合開始剤等を使用できる。インク組成物を簡便に調製できる観点から、ドーパントとしての機能と重合開始剤としての機能とを兼ねる物質を用いることが好ましい。ドーパントとしての機能も備えた重合開始剤として、例えば、オニウム塩が挙げられる。オニウム塩の例として、パーフルオロアリール基又はパーフルオロアルキル基を有するアニオンを有する塩が挙げられ、具体例には、パーフルオロアリール基を有するアニオンとヨードニウムイオン又はアンモニウムイオンとの塩が含まれる。これらの例を以下に挙げる。
有機エレクトロニクス材料は、他の電荷輸送性ポリマー、電荷輸送性低分子化合物等を更に含有してもよい。
電荷輸送性ポリマーの含有量は、良好な電荷輸送性を得る観点から、有機エレクトロニクス材料の全質量に対して、50質量%以上が好ましく、70質量%以上がより好ましく、80質量%以上が更に好ましい。100質量%とすることも可能である。
有機エレクトロニクス材料は、前記実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料と該材料を溶解又は分散し得る溶媒とを含有するインク組成物として用いることが好ましい。インク組成物を用いることによって、塗布法といった簡便な方法によって有機層を容易に形成できる。
溶媒としては、水、有機溶媒、又はこれらの混合溶媒を使用できる。有機溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール;ペンタン、ヘキサン、オクタン等のアルカン;シクロヘキサン等の環状アルカン;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン、テトラリン、ジフェニルメタン等の芳香族炭化水素;エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール-1-モノメチルエーテルアセタート等の脂肪族エーテル;1,2-ジメトキシベンゼン、1,3-ジメトキシベンゼン、アニソール、フェネトール、2-メトキシトルエン、3-メトキシトルエン、4-メトキシトルエン、2,3-ジメチルアニソール、2,4-ジメチルアニソール等の芳香族エーテル;酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸n-ブチル等の脂肪族エステル;酢酸フェニル、プロピオン酸フェニル、安息香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル、安息香酸プロピル、安息香酸n-ブチル等の芳香族エステル;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド等のアミド系溶媒;ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトン、クロロホルム、塩化メチレンなどが挙げられる。好ましくは、芳香族炭化水素、脂肪族エステル、芳香族エステル、脂肪族エーテル、芳香族エーテル等であり、より好ましくは、芳香族炭化水素である。
インク組成物は、更に、任意成分として添加剤を含有してもよい。添加剤としては、例えば、重合禁止剤、安定剤、増粘剤、ゲル化剤、難燃剤、酸化防止剤、還元防止剤、酸化剤、還元剤、表面改質剤、乳化剤、消泡剤、分散剤、界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
インク組成物における溶媒の含有量は、種々の塗布方法へ適用することを考慮して定めることができる。例えば、溶媒の含有量は、溶媒に対し電荷輸送性ポリマーの割合が、0.1質量%以上となる量が好ましく、0.2質量%以上となる量がより好ましく、0.5質量%以上となる量が更に好ましい。また、溶媒の含有量は、溶媒に対し電荷輸送性ポリマーの割合が、20質量%以下となる量が好ましく、15質量%以下となる量がより好ましく、10質量%以下となる量が更に好ましい。
一実施形態によれば、有機層は、前記実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料又はインク組成物を用いて形成される。インク組成物を用いることによって、塗布法により有機層を良好に形成できる。塗布方法としては、例えば、スピンコーティング法;キャスト法;浸漬法;凸版印刷、凹版印刷、オフセット印刷、平版印刷、凸版反転オフセット印刷、スクリーン印刷、グラビア印刷等の有版印刷法;インクジェット法等の無版印刷法などの公知の方法が挙げられる。塗布法によって有機層を形成する場合、塗布後に得られた有機層(塗布層)を、ホットプレート又はオーブンを用いて乾燥させ、溶媒を除去してもよい。
一実施形態によれば、有機エレクトロニクス素子は、少なくとも前記実施形態の有機層を有する。有機エレクトロニクス素子として、例えば、有機EL素子、有機光電変換素子、有機トランジスタ等が挙げられる。有機エレクトロニクス素子は、好ましくは、少なくとも一対の電極の間に有機層が配置された構造を有する。
一実施形態によれば、有機EL素子は、少なくとも前記実施形態の有機層を有する。有機EL素子は、通常、発光層、陽極、陰極、及び基板を備えており、必要に応じて、正孔注入層、電子注入層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層等の他の機能層を備えている。各層は、蒸着法により形成してもよく、塗布法により形成してもよい。有機EL素子は、好ましくは、有機層を発光層又は機能層として有し、より好ましくは機能層として有し、更に好ましくは正孔注入層及び正孔輸送層の少なくとも一方として有する。
発光層に用いる材料として、低分子化合物、ポリマー、デンドリマー等の発光材料を使用できる。ポリマーは、溶媒への溶解性が高く、塗布法に適しているため好ましい。発光材料としては、蛍光材料、燐光材料、熱活性化遅延蛍光材料(TADF)等が挙げられる。
正孔輸送層及び正孔注入層に用いる材料としては、例えば、前記実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料が挙げられる。また、例えば、有機EL素子が、前記実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料を用いて形成された層を正孔注入層として有し、更に正孔輸送層を有する場合、正孔輸送層には公知の材料を使用できる。又は、例えば、有機EL素子が、前記実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料を用いて形成された層を正孔輸送層として有し、更に正孔注入層を有する場合、正孔注入層には公知の材料を使用できる。
電子輸送層及び電子注入層に用いる材料としては、例えば、フェナントロリン誘導体、ビピリジン誘導体、ニトロ置換フルオレン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、チオピランジオキシド誘導体、ナフタレン、ペリレンなどの縮合環テトラカルボン酸無水物、カルボジイミド、フルオレニリデンメタン誘導体、アントラキノジメタン及びアントロン誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、チアジアゾール誘導体、ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体(例えば、2,2’,2”-(1,3,5-ベンゼントリイル)トリス(1-フェニル-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール)(TPBi))、キノキサリン誘導体、アルミニウム錯体(例えば、ビス(2-メチル-8-キノリノレート)-4-(フェニルフェノラト)アルミニウム(BAlq))等が挙げられる。また、前記実施形態の有機エレクトロニクス材料も使用できる。
陰極材料としては、例えば、Li、Ca、Mg、Al、In、Cs、Ba、Mg/Ag、LiF、CsF等の金属又は金属合金が用いられる。
陽極材料としては、例えば、金属(例えば、Au)又は導電性を有する他の材料が用いられる。他の材料として、例えば、酸化物(例えば、ITO:酸化インジウム/酸化錫)、導電性高分子(例えば、ポリチオフェン-ポリスチレンスルホン酸混合物(PEDOT:PSS))が挙げられる。
基板として、ガラス、プラスチック等を使用できる。基板は、透明であることが好ましく、また、フレキシブル性を有することが好ましい。石英ガラス、光透過性樹脂フィルム等が好ましく用いられる。
有機EL素子の発光色は特に限定されない。白色の有機EL素子は、家庭用照明、車内照明、時計又は液晶のバックライト等の各種照明器具に用いることができるため好ましい。
一実施形態によれば、表示素子は、前記実施形態の有機EL素子を備えている。例えば、赤、緑及び青(RGB)の各画素に対応する素子として、有機EL素子を用いることで、カラーの表示素子が得られる。画像の形成方法には、マトリックス状に配置した電極でパネルに配列された個々の有機EL素子を直接駆動する単純マトリックス型と、各素子に薄膜トランジスタを配置して駆動するアクティブマトリックス型とがある。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,δppm);0.93(t,J=7.5Hz,6H),1.85(q,J=7.5Hz,4H),4.05(s,4H),4.48(d,J=5.7Hz,4H),4.45(d,J=5.7Hz,4H),6.48(s,1H),6.73(s,2H)
窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、室温下、サンプル管にトリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(73.2mg、80μmol)を秤取り、トルエン(15mL)を加え、30分間撹拌した。同様に、サンプル管にトリス(t-ブチル)ホスフィン(129.6mg、640μmol)を秤取り、トルエン(5mL)を加え、5分間撹拌した。これらの溶液を混合し、室温で30分間撹拌し、Pd触媒溶液とした。全ての溶媒は30分以上、窒素バブルにより脱気した後、使用した。
三口丸底フラスコに、モノマーA1(5.0mmol)、モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、モノマーC1(4.0mmol)、及びメチルトリ-n-オクチルアンモニウムクロリド(Alfa Aesar社製「アリコート336」)(0.03g)、水酸化カリウム(1.12g)、純水(5.54mL)、及びトルエン(50mL)を加え、調製したPd触媒溶液(3.0mL)を加えた。全ての溶媒は30分以上、窒素バブルにより脱気した後、使用した。この混合物を2時間、加熱還流した。ここまでの全ての操作は窒素気流下で行った。
送液ポンプ :L-6050 (株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ
UV-Vis検出器:L-3000 (株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ
カラム :Gelpack(登録商標) GL-A160S/GL-A150S 日立化成(株)
溶離液 :THF(HPLC用、安定剤を含まない) 和光純薬工業(株)
流速 :1mL/min
カラム温度 :室温
分子量標準物質 :標準ポリスチレン
三口丸底フラスコに、モノマーA1(5.0mmol)、モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、モノマーC2(4.0mmol)、及びトルエン(20mL)を加え、更に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の合成と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー2の合成を行った。得られた電荷輸送性ポリマー2の数平均分子量は14,700、重量平均分子量は46,100であった。
三口丸底フラスコに、モノマーA1(5.0mmol)、モノマーB1(2.0mmol)、モノマーC3(4.0mmol)、及びトルエン(20mL)を加え、更に調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5mL)を加えた。以降、電荷輸送性ポリマー1の合成と同様にして、電荷輸送性ポリマー3の合成を行った。得られた電荷輸送性ポリマー3の数平均分子量は15,800、重量平均分子量は141,100であった。
電荷輸送性ポリマー20mgをトルエン(良溶媒、関東化学株式会社製、25℃)2,290μLに溶かし、ポリマー溶液を得た。ポリマー溶液1,000μLを撹拌子が入ったサンプル管(アズワン株式会社製、6mL)に量り取った。室温(25℃)で、サンプル管にメタノール(貧溶媒、関東化学株式会社製、25℃)25μLを滴下し、蓋をし、スターラーを用いて撹拌(回転数600min-1)した。ポリマー溶液に濁りが生じるまで、滴下し、蓋をし、撹拌するという操作を繰り返し、濁りが生じるまでに滴下したメタノール量を測定した。濁りは、目視で確認した。
[溶解性の評価方法]
電荷輸送性ポリマー1及び2をそれぞれ10mg、サンプル管(アズワン株式会社製、6mL)に秤量した。その後、撹拌子及びトルエン(25℃)1,145μLを加え、温度(25℃)において撹拌(回転数600min-1)しながら、目視によって観察し、トルエンを加えてからポリマー混合液が透明になるまでに要した時間を測定した。
[実施例2]
電荷輸送性ポリマー1(10.0mg)をトルエン(1,991μL)に溶解し、ポリマー溶液を得た。また、下記オニウム塩(0.309mg)をトルエン(309μL)に溶解し、オニウム塩溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液とオニウム塩溶液とを混合し、塗布溶液(有機エレクトロニクス材料を含有するインク組成物)を調製した。塗布溶液を、室温(25℃)で回転数3,000min-1で石英ガラス板上にスピンコートし、有機薄膜を形成した。次いで、石英ガラス板をホットプレート上で、各種温度で10分の条件で加熱した。その後、石英ガラス板をピンセットで掴んで、トルエン(25℃)を満たした200mLビーカーに浸漬し、石英ガラス板を、石英ガラス板の厚み方向に10秒間に10往復振動させた。浸漬前後の有機薄膜のUV-visスペクトルにおける吸収極大(λmax)の吸光度(Abs)の比から、以下の式により有機薄膜の残膜率を求めた。
電荷輸送性ポリマー2(10.0mg)をトルエン(1,991μL)に溶解し、ポリマー溶液を得た。また、前記オニウム塩(0.309mg)をトルエン(309μL)に溶解し、オニウム塩溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液とオニウム塩溶液とを混合し、塗布溶液を調製した。塗布溶液を、室温(25℃)で回転数3,000min-1で石英ガラス板上にスピンコートし、有機薄膜を形成した。次いで、実施例2と同様に、有機薄膜の残膜率を求めた。
[実施例3]
電荷輸送性ポリマー1(10.0mg)をトルエン(2,200μL)に溶解し、ポリマー溶液を得た。また、前記オニウム塩(0.1mg)をトルエン(100μL)に溶解し、オニウム塩溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液とオニウム塩溶液とを混合し、電荷輸送性ポリマー1を含有するインク組成物1を調製した。大気下で、ITOを1.6mm幅にパターニングしたガラス基板上に、インク組成物1を3,000min-1でスピンコートした後、ホットプレート上で140℃、10分間加熱し、正孔注入層(20nm)を形成した。
電荷輸送性ポリマー1を電荷輸送性ポリマー2に代えた以外は実施例3と同様にして、有機EL素子を作製した。正孔輸送層の形成時に正孔注入層が一部溶解し、多層構造を形成することができなかった。
2 陽極
3 正孔注入層
4 陰極
5 電子注入層
6 正孔輸送層
7 電子輸送層
8 基板
Claims (18)
- 電荷輸送性ポリマーを含有する有機エレクトロニクス材料であって、
前記電荷輸送性ポリマーが、該電荷輸送性ポリマーとトルエンとを、該電荷輸送性ポリマー/トルエン=20mg/2,290μLの比で含有する溶液1,000μLに、メタノールを25μLずつ滴下し、撹拌した場合に、前記溶液に濁りが生じるまでに添加したメタノール量が350μLより大きいポリマーである、有機エレクトロニクス材料。 - 電荷輸送性ポリマーを含有する有機エレクトロニクス材料であって、
前記電荷輸送性ポリマーが、末端に、重合性官能基を2つ有する芳香環を有する、有機エレクトロニクス材料。 - 前記電荷輸送性ポリマーが、重合性官能基を有する、請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記重合性官能基が、オキセタニル基、オキシラニル基、ビニル基、アクリロイルオキシ基、及びメタクリロイルオキシ基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項2又は3に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性ポリマーが、正孔輸送性ポリマーである、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性ポリマーが、3方向以上に分岐した構造を有する、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性ポリマーが、電荷輸送性を有する構造単位を有し、該電荷輸送性を有する構造単位が、2価の構造単位L及び3価以上の構造単位Bからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性を有する構造単位が、芳香族アミン構造、カルバゾール構造、チオフェン構造、ビチオフェン構造、ベンゼン構造、フェノキサジン構造、及びフルオレン構造からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の構造を有する、請求項8に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 重合開始剤を更に含有する、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記重合開始剤が、オニウム塩を含む、請求項10に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料と溶媒とを含有する、インク組成物。
- 請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料、又は、請求項12に記載のインク組成物により形成された有機層。
- 請求項13に記載の有機層を備えた、有機エレクトロニクス素子。
- 請求項13に記載の有機層を備えた、有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。
- 請求項15に記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子を備えた、表示素子。
- 請求項15に記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子を備えた、照明装置。
- 請求項17に記載の照明装置と、表示手段として液晶素子とを備えた、表示装置。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2020145234A (ja) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | 日立化成株式会社 | 有機エレクトロニクス材料及びその利用 |
JP7318233B2 (ja) | 2019-03-04 | 2023-08-01 | 株式会社レゾナック | 有機エレクトロニクス材料及びその利用 |
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JP7226311B2 (ja) | 2023-02-21 |
JPWO2019009327A1 (ja) | 2020-04-30 |
EP3651223A4 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
US20200161556A1 (en) | 2020-05-21 |
KR20200019137A (ko) | 2020-02-21 |
EP3651223A1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
CN110832658A (zh) | 2020-02-21 |
US11476421B2 (en) | 2022-10-18 |
TW201906892A (zh) | 2019-02-16 |
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