WO2018227879A1 - 一种相变储能建筑保温结构 - Google Patents

一种相变储能建筑保温结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018227879A1
WO2018227879A1 PCT/CN2017/111891 CN2017111891W WO2018227879A1 WO 2018227879 A1 WO2018227879 A1 WO 2018227879A1 CN 2017111891 W CN2017111891 W CN 2017111891W WO 2018227879 A1 WO2018227879 A1 WO 2018227879A1
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Prior art keywords
phase change
energy storage
thermal insulation
board
change energy
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PCT/CN2017/111891
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张正国
方晓明
付露露
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华南理工大学
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Application filed by 华南理工大学 filed Critical 华南理工大学
Priority to US16/622,772 priority Critical patent/US11530880B2/en
Publication of WO2018227879A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018227879A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7675—Insulating linings for the interior face of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2103/00—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
    • F28D2020/0008—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in plate-like or laminated elements, e.g. in plates having internal compartments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building thermal insulation structure, in particular to a phase change energy storage building thermal insulation structure; and belongs to the technical field of building thermal insulation.
  • the phase change material has a large latent heat value and a storage energy density, and can utilize the heat absorption and heat release in the phase change process for energy storage and release, and can maintain the temperature constant during the phase change process. Therefore, the use of phase change materials for building walls and enclosures can improve their thermal inertia, increase heat storage capacity, delay indoor peak temperature occurrence time, reduce indoor temperature fluctuations, reduce air conditioning and building heating energy consumption, and improve living comfort. degree.
  • phase change energy storage materials mainly uses organic phase change materials combined with building materials.
  • Chinese invention patent CN 104674978 B discloses a building exterior wall structure with a double layer shaped phase change material layer.
  • the inner and outer surfaces of the wall layer are provided with an internal phase change wall layer and an external phase change wall panel, and the phase change materials of the inner phase change wall layer and the outer phase change wall layer are made of paraffin, polyethylene and Expanded graphite composition.
  • paraffin, polyethylene and expanded graphite are all flammable materials, there are fire safety hazards, and the price of organic phase change materials is generally high, which limits its practical application in building walls.
  • directly using inorganic materials there are disadvantages of easy phase separation and supercooling, which affects the persistence of phase change materials in wall applications.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, and propose a phase change energy storage building thermal insulation structure which has low cost, good flame retardant effect and can effectively overcome the disadvantages of inorganic phase separation and supercooling.
  • the invention combines the inorganic hydrated salt with the nucleating agent and the porous carrier to solve the disadvantages of easy phase separation and supercooling of the inorganic hydrated salt; the invention can prepare the inorganic hydrated salt composite phase change material.
  • the refractory plate is packaged to improve the durability and cycle of the phase change material, and the shaped phase change energy storage insulation board is obtained.
  • the inorganic hydrated salt phase change material has the advantages of cheap and easy to obtain, high energy storage density, large latent heat of phase change, and non-flammable. Characteristic, inorganic hydrated salt composite phase transition of the invention Materials will have broad application prospects in the field of building insulation materials.
  • a phase change energy storage building thermal insulation structure comprises a shaped phase change energy storage thermal insulation board, which is arranged on the inner wall surface of the building, and the wall structure is provided with a wall base body, an insulation layer, an oriented structural board and a shape from the outdoor direction to the indoor direction. Phase change energy storage board and exterior panel;
  • the shaped phase change energy storage insulation board is composed of an inorganic composite phase change material and a package plate; the inorganic composite phase change material is obtained by compounding an inorganic hydrated salt and a porous structure carrier, and the phase transition temperature thereof is 10 to 40 ° C; In the inorganic composite phase change material, the inorganic hydrated salt has a mass percentage of 40 to 95%, and the inorganic composite phase change material is coated with a photocurable resin having fire resistance and corrosion resistance.
  • the shaped phase change energy storage insulation board is prepared by the following steps:
  • the nucleating agent is borax, cesium chloride hexahydrate , one or more of CaF 2 , C powder and Na 4 P 2 O 7 ⁇ 6H 2 O; the mass ratio of the nucleating agent to the inorganic hydrated salt is 0.5:99.5 to 10:90;
  • the prepared inorganic composite phase change material is coated with a resin having fire resistance and corrosion resistance by photocuring;
  • the encapsulated inorganic composite phase change material is encapsulated in a packaged plate to obtain a shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation plate.
  • the wall base body is made of lime sand brick and cement plaster layer
  • the thermal insulation layer is a refractory thermal insulation panel;
  • the refractory thermal insulation panel is a ceramic thermal insulation board, an XPS extruded board, an EPS foam board, a foamed cement, a perlite and a perlite brick, a vermiculite and a vermiculite brick, a phenolic foam, an oak One or more of plastic sponge, glass wool, rock wool and aerogel felt, and having a thickness of 5 mm to 200 mm.
  • the oriented structural board is one or more of plywood, MDF, oriented strand board, blockboard and finger joint board, and has a thickness of 1 mm to 100 mm;
  • the outer decorative board is gypsum board, One or more of a splint, an aluminum veneer, a PVC ceiling, a colored glass, and an aluminum composite panel, and having a thickness of 1 mm to 50 mm;
  • the outer panel has a groove matching the shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation board.
  • the package plate is an aluminum foil bag, a PVC plate, a fiber cloth bag or a vacuum bag; the package plate has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 20 mm; and the package plate constitutes a cavity structure.
  • the surface of the packaging board is affixed with a high temperature resistant fireproof foil aluminum fiber cloth material.
  • the inorganic hydrated salt is sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, magnesium nitrate heptahydrate, barium hydroxide octahydrate, decahydrate
  • sodium sulfate, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, ammonium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate, and aluminum sulfate octahydrate is sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, magnesium nitrate heptahydrate, barium hydroxide octahydrate, decahydrate
  • sodium sulfate, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, ammonium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate, and aluminum sulfate octahydrate is sodium
  • the porous structural support is one of expanded graphite, expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, diatom, montmorillonite, aluminum foam, copper foam, carbon foam, fumed silica, and aluminum oxide. kind or more.
  • the resin having fire resistance and corrosion resistance is one or two of epoxy acrylate and polyurethane.
  • the wall base body, the heat insulation layer, the oriented structural board, the shaped phase change energy storage heat preservation board and the outer decorative board are bonded by foam rubber.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the heat insulation effect of the invention is good, and the cold quantity in the outdoor air in the summer night can be stored in the phase change energy storage heat preservation board, and the stored cold quantity is released into the indoor air during the daytime, thereby realizing the extension.
  • the time when the indoor peak temperature appears slows the fluctuation of the indoor temperature, improves the environmental comfort, and can reduce the air conditioning energy consumption in summer.
  • the inorganic composite phase change material of the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of easy phase separation and large supercooling which are common in inorganic hydrated salts by adding an appropriate amount of nucleating agent and compounding in the porous inorganic carrier during the preparation process.
  • the inorganic composite phase change material obtained by the composite of the present invention is coated on the surface of the inorganic composite phase change material particles by a resin having fire resistance and corrosion resistance, and can ensure that the inorganic composite phase change material does not leak during the recycling process. Significantly enhances durability.
  • the shaped phase change energy storage plate of the invention can fully utilize the advantages of the inorganic phase change material, and is cheap, easy to obtain, non-flammable, high in energy storage density, high in latent heat of phase change, high thermal inertia of the wall, and delayed indoor peak temperature occurrence time. .
  • the wall structure of the invention can focus on the effective thermal insulation of the thermal insulation material, and fully reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range.
  • the test results show that compared with the shaped phase change energy storage insulation board in the outer fascia, the cavity structure of the invention is reduced by more than 5 °C, and the maximum temperature is delayed by more than 25 minutes. The effect is very remarkable. .
  • the wall structure material of the invention has wide sources, relatively low cost, and is easy to form, which is convenient for practical application production and on-site construction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a heat preservation structure of a phase change energy storage building according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation board.
  • a phase change energy storage building thermal insulation structure according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises a shaped phase change energy storage thermal insulation board 7, which is disposed on the inner wall of the building, and the wall structure is directed from the outside.
  • the indoor direction is followed by wall base 1, insulation layer 2, oriented structural plate 3, shaped phase change energy storage insulation board 7 and exterior decoration board 6.
  • the shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation board 7 is composed of an inorganic composite phase change material 4 and a package sheet 5.
  • the wall base 1 is made of lime sand brick and cement plaster layer.
  • An EPS foam board having a thickness of 200 mm was selected as the heat insulating layer 2, and a plywood having a thickness of 100 mm was used as the oriented structural sheet 3.
  • the inorganic hydrated salt magnesium chloride hexahydrate and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate are mixed and melted to obtain a molten magnesium chloride hexahydrate/magnesium hexahydrate phase change material, and then combined with an expanded graphite carrier to obtain a new inorganic composite phase of expanded graphite-based magnesium chloride hexahydrate/magnesium hexahydrate.
  • the phase transition temperature is 40 ° C, wherein the molten hexahydrate magnesium chloride / hexahydrate magnesium nitrate phase change material accounts for 95% of the composite phase change material mass fraction, and the composite phase change material is solid at room temperature, and the mass fraction of 5% is selected.
  • the oxypropyl acrylate resin is photocured on the surface of the composite phase change material, and the inorganic composite phase change material is coated, which greatly enhances the durability of the inorganic composite phase change material.
  • the obtained inorganic composite phase change material was tested for coldness, and the degree of subcooling was reduced by 10 ° C compared with the magnesium chloride hexahydrate / hexahydrate phase change material.
  • the degree of subcooling was greatly reduced and liquid leakage did not occur.
  • the aluminum foil bag with a thickness of 20 mm is used as the encapsulating plate 5 of the inorganic composite phase change material, and the composite phase change material coated with the resin is filled in the cavity of the encapsulating plate to obtain the shaped phase change energy storage and thermal insulation board 7 and the gypsum board with a thickness of 50 mm.
  • the exterior panel 6 the structure is as shown in FIG.
  • inorganic hydrated salt magnesium chloride hexahydrate and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate are used as phase change materials, and flammable phase change materials such as paraffin, polyethylene and expanded graphite are not used.
  • This embodiment effectively solves the flammable phase change in the prior art. Material problem.
  • the experimental room and the reference room are constructed by the above wall structure, and the temperature of the room is fluctuated with time under a solar light intensity.
  • the shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation board 7 is placed in the outer fascia of the experimental room, and the reference room exterior decoration The shape of the phase change energy storage board 7 is not placed in the board.
  • the test results show that the temperature fluctuation in the laboratory room is reduced by 18 ° C, the maximum temperature is delayed by 90 minutes, the reference room is reduced by 10 ° C, and the maximum temperature is delayed by 20 minutes.
  • the wall structure with shaped phase change energy storage insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the indoor peak temperature occurrence time; fully reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range, thereby reducing the air conditioning and building heating energy Consumption, improve living comfort.
  • the thermal insulation board is a ceramic thermal insulation board having a thickness of 100 mm.
  • the test experiment with the first example shows that the temperature fluctuation in the experimental room is reduced by 16 ° C, the maximum temperature is delayed by 80 minutes, the reference room temperature fluctuation is reduced by 8 ° C, and the maximum temperature is delayed by 10 minutes, indicating that the shaped phase change energy storage
  • the wall structure of the insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the peak temperature of the room; fully reduce the indoor temperature Range of fluctuations.
  • the thermal insulation effect of the experimental room is slightly worse than that of the experimental room of the first embodiment because the thermal conductivity of the ceramic thermal insulation board is higher than that of the EPS foam board, and the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is thin.
  • the insulation board is an XPS extruded board having a thickness of 50 mm.
  • the test experiment with Example 1 showed that the temperature fluctuation in the experimental room was reduced by 17 ° C, the maximum temperature was delayed by 85 minutes, the reference room temperature fluctuation was reduced by 9 ° C, and the maximum temperature was delayed by 15 minutes, indicating that the shaped phase change energy storage was included.
  • the wall structure of the thermal insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the occurrence time of the indoor peak temperature, and sufficiently reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range.
  • the thermal insulation effect of the laboratory room is similar to that of the experimental room of the first embodiment because the thermal conductivity of the XPS extruded board insulation board is smaller than that of the EPS foam board.
  • the thermal insulation board is a foamed cement having a thickness of 30 mm.
  • the test experiment with the first example shows that the temperature fluctuation in the experimental room is reduced by 10 ° C, the maximum temperature is delayed by 60 minutes, the reference room temperature fluctuation is reduced by 5 ° C, and the maximum temperature is delayed by 10 minutes, indicating that the shaped phase change energy storage
  • the wall structure of the thermal insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the occurrence time of the indoor peak temperature, and sufficiently reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range.
  • the thermal insulation effect of the experimental room is worse than that of the experimental room of the first embodiment because the thermal conductivity of the foamed cement thermal insulation board is similar to that of the EPS foam board, but the thickness of the foamed cement thermal insulation board is much smaller than that of the EPS foam board.
  • the thermal insulation board is glass wool and has a thickness of 20 mm.
  • the test experiment with Example 1 showed that the temperature fluctuation in the experimental room was reduced by 8 °C, the maximum temperature was delayed by 50 minutes, the reference room temperature fluctuation was reduced by 3 °C, and the maximum temperature was delayed by 6 minutes, indicating that the shaped phase change energy storage was included.
  • the wall structure of the thermal insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the occurrence time of the indoor peak temperature, and sufficiently reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range.
  • the thermal insulation effect of the experimental room is worse than that of the experimental room of the first embodiment because the thermal conductivity of the glass wool thermal insulation board is similar to that of the EPS foam board, but the thickness of the glass wool thermal insulation board is much smaller than that of the EPS foam board.
  • the thermal insulation board was a phenolic foam having a thickness of 15 mm.
  • the test experiment with the first example shows that the temperature fluctuation in the experimental room is reduced by 9 ° C, the maximum temperature is delayed by 55 minutes, the reference room temperature fluctuation is reduced by 3 ° C, and the maximum temperature is delayed by 7 minutes, indicating that the shaped phase change energy storage
  • the wall structure of the thermal insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the occurrence time of the indoor peak temperature, and sufficiently reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range.
  • the thermal insulation effect of the experimental room is worse than that of the experimental room of the first embodiment because the thermal conductivity of the phenolic foam thermal insulation board is smaller than that of the EPS foam board, but the thickness of the phenolic foam thermal insulation board is much smaller than that of the EPS foam board.
  • the thermal insulation board is a rubber sponge having a thickness of 10 mm.
  • the test experiment with the first example shows that the temperature fluctuation in the experimental room is reduced by 6 ° C, the maximum temperature is delayed by 30 minutes, the reference room temperature fluctuation is reduced by 2 ° C, and the maximum temperature is delayed by 5 minutes, indicating that the shaped phase change energy storage
  • the wall structure of the thermal insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the occurrence time of the indoor peak temperature, and sufficiently reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range.
  • the thermal insulation effect of the experimental room is worse than that of the experimental room of the first embodiment, because the thermal conductivity of the rubber-plastic sponge insulation board is similar to that of the EPS foam board, but the thickness of the rubber-plastic sponge insulation board is much smaller than that of the EPS foam board.
  • the thermal insulation board was an aerogel felt having a thickness of 5 mm.
  • the test experiment with Example 1 showed that the temperature fluctuation in the experimental room was reduced by 7 °C, the maximum temperature was delayed by 35 minutes, the reference room temperature fluctuation was reduced by 2 °C, and the maximum temperature was delayed by 5 minutes, indicating that the shaped phase change energy storage was included.
  • the wall structure of the thermal insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the occurrence time of the indoor peak temperature, and sufficiently reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range.
  • the thermal insulation effect of the laboratory room is worse than that of the experimental room of the first embodiment because the thermal conductivity of the aerogel felt insulation board is much smaller than that of the EPS foam board, but the thickness of the aerogel felt insulation board is much smaller than that of the EPS foam board.
  • the wall base 1 is made of lime sand brick and cement plaster layer.
  • a phenolic foam board having a thickness of 30 mm was selected as the heat insulating layer 2
  • a medium-density board having a thickness of 50 mm was used as the oriented structural sheet 3.
  • the inorganic hydrated salt sodium sulfate decahydrate is mixed with the nucleating agent borax and heated and melted, wherein the mass ratio of the nucleating agent to the sodium sulfate decahydrate is 3:97, and then combined with the expanded vermiculite carrier to obtain expanded vermiculite-based decahydrate sulfuric acid.
  • a new inorganic composite phase change material with sodium has a phase transition temperature of 35 ° C.
  • the molten sodium sulfate decahydrate accounts for 80% of the composite phase change material.
  • the composite phase change material is solid at room temperature, and the polyurethane resin with a mass fraction of 10% is selected.
  • the surface of the composite phase change material is photocured, and the inorganic composite phase change material is coated, which greatly enhances the durability of the inorganic composite phase change material.
  • the obtained inorganic composite phase change material was tested for coldness, and its subcooling degree was reduced by 13 ° C compared with the supercooling degree of the sodium sulfate decahydrate phase change material, and the degree of subcooling was greatly reduced and liquid leakage did not occur.
  • the fiber cloth bag with a thickness of 15mm is used as the encapsulating sheet 5 of the inorganic composite phase change material, and the composite phase change material coated with the resin is filled in the cavity of the encapsulating sheet to obtain the shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation board 7, and the aluminum plastic having a thickness of 30 mm.
  • the board serves as the exterior panel 6, and the structure is as shown in FIG.
  • the experimental room and the reference room are constructed by the above wall structure, and the temperature of the room is fluctuated with time under a solar light intensity.
  • the shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation board 7 is placed in the outer fascia of the experimental room, and the reference room exterior decoration The shape of the phase change energy storage board 7 is not placed in the board.
  • the test results show that the temperature fluctuation in the laboratory room is reduced by 15 °C, the maximum temperature is delayed by 60 minutes, the reference room is reduced by 5 °C, and the maximum temperature is delayed by 15 minutes.
  • the body structure has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the indoor peak temperature occurrence time; fully reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range, thereby reducing the air conditioning and building heating energy consumption, and improving the living comfort.
  • the difference is that the oriented structural panel is a blockboard having a thickness of 20 mm.
  • the test experiment with the example 9 shows that the temperature fluctuation in the experimental room is reduced by 14 ° C, the maximum temperature is delayed by 50 minutes, the reference room temperature fluctuation is reduced by 4 ° C, and the maximum temperature is delayed by 12 minutes, indicating that the phase change energy storage is contained.
  • the wall structure of the thermal insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the occurrence time of the indoor peak temperature, and sufficiently reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range.
  • the thermal insulation effect of the experimental room was similar to that of the experimental room of Example 9.
  • the wall base 1 is made of lime sand brick and cement plaster layer.
  • An XPS extruded board having a thickness of 10 mm was selected as the insulating layer 2
  • an oriented strand board (OSB board) having a thickness of 30 mm was used as the oriented structural sheet 3.
  • the inorganic salt anhydrous calcium chloride, deionized water and the nucleating agent cesium chloride hexahydrate are melted to obtain a saturated solution of calcium chloride hexahydrate, wherein the mass ratio of anhydrous calcium chloride to deionized water is higher than that of deionized water.
  • the phase transition temperature is 27 °C
  • the molten calcium chloride hexahydrate accounts for the composite phase transition.
  • the material mass fraction is 55%.
  • the composite phase change material is solid at room temperature.
  • the polyurethane resin with a mass fraction of 15% is photocured on the surface of the composite phase change material, and the inorganic composite phase change material is coated to greatly enhance the inorganic composite phase. The durability of the variable material.
  • the obtained inorganic composite phase change material was tested for coldness, and its subcooling degree was reduced by 15 ° C compared with the supercooling degree of the sodium sulfate decahydrate phase change material, the degree of subcooling was greatly reduced and liquid leakage did not occur.
  • the PVC board with a thickness of 10 mm is used as the encapsulating sheet 5 of the inorganic composite phase change material, and the composite phase change material coated with the resin is filled in the cavity of the encapsulating sheet to obtain the shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation board 7 and the aluminum sheet with a thickness of 20 mm.
  • the board serves as the exterior panel 6, and the structure is as shown in FIG.
  • the experimental room and the reference room are constructed by the above wall structure, and the temperature of the room is fluctuated with time under a solar light intensity.
  • the shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation board 7 is placed in the outer fascia of the experimental room, and the reference room exterior decoration The shape of the phase change energy storage board 7 is not placed in the board.
  • the test results show that the temperature fluctuation in the laboratory room is reduced by 13 ° C, the maximum temperature is delayed by 45 minutes, the reference room is reduced by 5 ° C, and the maximum temperature is delayed by 15 minutes.
  • the wall structure with shaped phase change energy storage insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the indoor peak temperature occurrence time; fully reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range, thereby reducing the air conditioning and building heating energy Consumption, improve living comfort.
  • Example 11 the difference is that the exterior panel is colored glass and has a thickness of 10 mm.
  • the test experiment with Example 11 showed that the temperature fluctuation in the laboratory room was reduced by 13 °C, the maximum temperature was delayed by 45 minutes, the reference room temperature fluctuation was reduced by 4 °C, and the maximum temperature was delayed by 11 minutes, indicating that the phase change energy storage was contained.
  • the wall structure of the insulation board has more Excellent heat storage capacity can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the peak temperature of the room; fully reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range.
  • the thermal insulation effect of the experimental room is similar to that of the experimental room of the first embodiment, because the outer decorative board has less influence on the heat insulation effect in the room.
  • the difference is that the exterior panel is a PVC ceiling panel having a thickness of 5 mm.
  • the test experiment with the same example 11 shows that the temperature fluctuation in the experimental room is reduced by 12 ° C, the maximum temperature is delayed by 45 minutes, the reference room temperature fluctuation is reduced by 4 ° C, and the maximum temperature is delayed by 10 minutes, indicating that the shaped phase change energy storage
  • the wall structure of the thermal insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the occurrence time of the indoor peak temperature, and sufficiently reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range.
  • the thermal insulation effect of the experimental room is similar to that of the experimental room of the first embodiment, because the outer decorative board has less influence on the heat insulation effect in the room.
  • the wall base 1 is made of lime sand brick and cement plaster layer.
  • An aerogel felt having a thickness of 5 mm was selected as the heat insulating layer 2, and a finger joint plate having a thickness of 1 mm was used as the oriented structural plate 3.
  • the inorganic hydrated salt calcium chloride hexahydrate and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate are mixed and melted to obtain a molten calcium chloride hexahydrate/magnesium nitrate hexahydrate phase change material, and then combined with a fumed silica carrier to obtain a fumed silica-based hexahydrate chlorination.
  • the phase transition temperature is 10 °C, wherein the molten calcium chloride hexahydrate/hexahydrate magnesium phase change material accounts for 40% of the composite phase change material mass fraction, and the composite phase change material at normal temperature
  • the polyurethane resin with a mass fraction of 20% is photocured on the surface of the composite phase change material, and the inorganic composite phase change material is coated, which greatly enhances the durability of the inorganic composite phase change material.
  • the obtained inorganic composite phase change material was tested for coldness, and its degree of subcooling was reduced by 15 °C compared with the degree of subcooling of the magnesium chloride hexahydrate/magnesium nitrate hexahydrate phase change material, and the degree of subcooling was greatly reduced and liquid leakage did not occur.
  • a vacuum bag having a thickness of 0.2 mm is used as a package plate 5 of a novel inorganic composite phase change material, and a composite phase change material coated with a resin is filled in a cavity of a packaged plate to obtain a shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation plate 7, having a thickness of 1 mm.
  • the splint is used as the outer panel 6, and the structure is as shown in FIG.
  • the experimental room and the reference room are constructed by the above wall structure, and the temperature of the room is fluctuated with time under a solar light intensity.
  • the shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation board 7 is placed in the outer fascia of the experimental room, and the reference room exterior decoration The shape of the phase change energy storage board 7 is not placed in the board.
  • the test results show that the temperature fluctuation in the laboratory room is reduced by 8 °C, the maximum temperature is delayed by 40 minutes, the reference room is lowered by 2 °C, and the maximum temperature is delayed by 10 minutes.
  • the wall structure with shaped phase change energy storage insulation board has better heat storage capacity, can significantly improve the thermal inertia of the wall, delay the indoor peak temperature occurrence time; fully reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation range, thereby reducing the air conditioning and building heating energy Consumption, improve living comfort.
  • Embodiment 14 In a thermal insulation structure, a surface of a package material of an inorganic composite phase change material is affixed with a high temperature resistant fireproof foil aluminum The fiber cloth material makes the obtained shaped phase change energy storage and heat insulation board 7 have good fireproof performance.
  • Embodiment 15 In a heat insulating structure, a wall base 1, an insulating layer 2, an oriented structural plate 3, a shaped phase change energy storage heat insulating plate 7 and an outer decorative plate 6 are bonded by a foam rubber.

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Abstract

一种相变储能建筑保温结构，从室外指向室内方向依次设有墙体基体（1）、保温层（2）、定向结构板（3）、定形相变储能保温板（7）和外饰板（6）；定形相变储能保温板（7）由无机复合相变材料（4）和封装板材（5）组成；无机复合相变材料（4）为无机水合盐和多孔结构载体复合得到，其相变温度为10～40℃；无机复合相变材料（4）中，无机水合盐的质量百分含量为40～95％，无机复合相变材料（4）由具有耐火耐腐蚀性能的光固化树脂包覆。该结构保温隔热效果好，能延长室内峰值温度出现的时间，减缓室内温度的波动，提高环境舒适度，且能降低夏季空调能耗。

Description

一种相变储能建筑保温结构 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑保温结构，具体涉及一种相变储能建筑保温结构；属于建筑保温技术领域。
背景技术
随着社会经济的不断发展，通过建筑供暖和制冷所消耗能量在总能耗中所占的比例不断地攀升。具体来说，建筑能耗大约占全球总能耗的32％，而由建筑所引起的温室气体排放量可达其总量的30％。传统轻质建筑材料热容较小，储热能力较差，无法满足人们对环境舒适度的要求，开发出新型的建筑储能材料对于建筑节能的实现具有重要意义。
相变材料具有较大的潜热值和储能密度，可以利用相变过程中吸热和放热来进行能量的储存和释放，且在相变过程中能维持温度恒定。因此将相变材料用于建筑墙体和围护结构，可以提高其热惰性，增大储热能力，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间，降低室内温度波动，降低空调及建筑供暖能耗，提高居住舒适度。
目前，关于相变储能材料的研究主要是采用有机相变材料与建筑材料相结合，例如中国发明专利CN 104674978 B公布了一种具备双层定型相变材料层的建筑外墙结构体，在墙体层内外表面放置了内定型相变墙板层和外定型相变墙板，所述的内定型相变墙板层和外定型相变墙板层的相变材料由石蜡、聚乙烯和膨胀石墨组成。但由于石蜡、聚乙烯和膨胀石墨都是易燃物，所以存在着火灾安全隐患，而且对于有机相变材料价格普遍很高，限制了其在建筑墙体中的实际应用。但直接用无机相比材料，又存在容易产生相分离和过冷度大的缺点，影响相变材料在墙体应用的持续性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提出一种成本低，阻燃效果好，可有效克服无机相比材料相分离和过冷度大缺点的相变储能建筑保温结构。
本发明将无机水合盐与成核剂和多孔载体复合能很好地解决无机水合盐所存在的容易相分离和过冷度大的缺点；本发明将制备得到的无机水合盐复合相变材料用耐火板材封装好，提高相变材料的使用耐久性和循环性，得到定形相变储能保温板，无机水合盐相变材料具有便宜易得、储能密度高、相变潜热大、不可燃的特点，本发明无机水合盐复合相变 材料将会在建筑保温材料领域具有广阔应用前景。
本发明要解决的技术问题是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种相变储能建筑保温结构，包括了定形相变储能保温板，设于建筑内墙面，墙体结构从室外指向室内方向依次设有墙体基体、保温层、定向结构板、定形相变储能保温板和外饰板；
所述定形相变储能保温板由无机复合相变材料和封装板材组成；所述无机复合相变材料为无机水合盐和多孔结构载体复合得到，其相变温度为10～40℃；所述无机复合相变材料中，无机水合盐的质量百分含量为40～95％，所述无机复合相变材料由具有耐火耐腐蚀性能的光固化树脂包覆。
为进一步实现本发明目的，优选地，所述定形相变储能保温板由以下步骤制备：
(1)将无机盐、去离子水与成核剂加热融化或直接将无机水合盐加热融化，得到液态状态下的无机水合盐相变物质；所述成核剂为硼砂、六水合氯化锶、CaF2、C粉和Na4P2O7·6H2O中的一种或两种以上；所述成核剂与无机水合盐的质量比为0.5:99.5～10:90；
(2)在真空环境下，将融化状态下的无机水合盐相变物质吸附到多孔结构载体材料的孔表面及孔内，充分搅拌；
(3)在低于无机水合盐相变材料相变温度的条件下进行固化，得到无机复合相变材料；
(4)将制备得到的无机复合相变材料用具有耐火耐腐蚀性能的树脂经光固化进行包覆；
(5)将包覆后的无机复合相变材料封装于封装板材中，得到定形相变储能保温板。
优选地，所述墙体基体由灰砂砖与水泥抹灰层砌成；
所述保温层为耐火保温面板；所述耐火保温面板为陶瓷保温板、XPS挤塑板、EPS泡沫板、发泡水泥、珍珠岩及珍珠岩砖、蛭石及蛭石砖、酚醛泡沫、橡塑海绵、玻璃棉、岩棉和气凝胶毡中的一种或两种以上，厚度为5mm～200mm。
优选地，所述的定向结构板为为胶合板、中纤板、定向刨花板、细木工板和指接板中的一种或多种，厚度为1mm～100mm；所述外饰板为石膏板、夹板、铝单板、PVC吊顶、彩色玻璃、铝塑板中的一种或两种以上，厚度为1mm～50mm；所述外饰板具有与定形相变储能保温板相匹配的凹槽。
优选地，所述封装板材为铝箔袋、PVC板、纤维布袋或真空袋；封装板材厚度为0.2mm～20mm；所述封装板材构成的空腔结构。
优选地，所述封装板材表面贴有耐高温防火箔铝纤维布材料。
优选地，所述的无机水合盐为三水合醋酸钠、五水合硫代硫酸钠、六水合氯化钙、六水合氯化镁、六水合硝酸镁、七水合硝酸镁、八水合氢氧化钡、十水合硫酸钠、十二水合磷酸氢钠、十二水合硫酸铝铵及十八水合硫酸铝中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述的多孔结构载体为膨胀石墨、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石、硅藻体、蒙脱土、泡沫铝、泡沫铜、碳泡沫、气相二氧化硅、三氧化二铝中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述的具有耐火耐腐蚀性能的树脂为环氧丙稀酸酯和聚氨酯中的一种或两种。
优选地，所述墙体基体、保温层、定向结构板、定形相变储能保温板和外饰板之间通过泡沫胶进行粘接。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有如下优点和有益效果：
1)本发明保温隔热效果好，可以将把夏季夜晚室外空气中的冷量储存在相变储能保温板内，在白天里，将所储存的冷量释放到室内空气中，从而实现延长室内峰值温度出现的时间，减缓室内温度的波动，提高环境舒适度，并且能降低夏季空调能耗。
2)本发明无机复合相变材料在制备过程中通过添加适量的成核剂并于多孔无机载体复合，很好地克服了无机水合盐普遍存在的容易相分离和过冷大的缺点。
3)本发明复合后得到的无机复合相变材料经过具有耐火耐腐蚀性能的树脂在无机复合相变材料粒子表面光固化后包覆，可以保证无机复合相变材料在循环使用过程中不发生液漏，显著增强耐用性。
4)本发明定形相变储能板能充分发挥无机相变材料的优点，便宜易得、不可燃性、储能密度高、相变潜热大，提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间。
5)本发明墙体结构可以集中利用保温材料有效保温隔热，充分减小室内温度波动范围。测试结果表明，相对于外饰板内不放置定形相变储能保温板，应用本发明的腔体结构，实验房内温度波动减少5℃以上，最高温度出现延迟了25分钟以上，效果非常显著。
6)本发明墙体结构材料来源广泛，成本相对较低，容易成型，便于实际应用生产和现场施工。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种相变储能建筑保温结构示意图。
图2为定形相变储能保温板结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图进一步描述本发明的具体技术方案，以便于本领域的技术人员进一步地理解本发明，实施方式不构成保护范围的限制。
如图1、图2所示，本发明所述实施例的一种相变储能建筑保温结构，包括了定形相变储能保温板7，设于建筑内墙面，墙体结构从室外指向室内方向依次是墙体基体1、保温层2、定向结构板3、定形相变储能保温板7和外饰板6。定形相变储能保温板7由无机复合相变材料4及封装板材5组成。
实施例1
墙体基体1由灰砂砖与水泥抹灰层砌成。选取厚度为200mm的EPS泡沫板作为保温层2，厚度为100mm的胶合板作为定向结构板3。将无机水合盐六水合氯化镁与六水合硝酸镁混合融化得到熔融六水合氯化镁/六水合硝酸镁相变材料，再与膨胀石墨载体复合得到膨胀石墨基六水合氯化镁/六水合硝酸镁新型无机复合相变材料，相变温度为40℃，其中熔融六水合氯化镁/六水合硝酸镁相变材料占复合相变材料质量分数95％，常温下复合相变材料为固体，选择质量分数为5％的环氧丙稀酸酯树脂在复合相变材料表面经光固化，对无机复合相变材料进行包覆，大大增强了无机复合相变材料的耐用性。得到的无机复合相变材料经过冷度测试，其过冷度相比于六水合氯化镁/六水合硝酸镁相变材料过冷度减少了10℃，过冷度大大降低并且不发生液漏现象。厚度为20mm的铝箔袋作为无机复合相变材料的封装板5，将树脂包覆后的复合相变材料填充于封装板材空腔内得到定形相变储能保温板7，厚度为50mm的石膏板作为外饰板6，结构如图1所示。
本实施例采用无机水合盐六水合氯化镁与六水合硝酸镁为相变材料，没有使用石蜡、聚乙烯和膨胀石墨等易燃相变材料，本实施例有效解决了现有技术采用易燃相变材料的问题。
由上述墙体结构搭建实验房和参考房，在一个太阳光强度下，测试房间内温度随时间的波动，其中实验房外饰板内放置了定形相变储能保温板7，参考房外饰板内不放置定形相变储能保温板7，测试结果表明实验房内温度波动减少了18℃，最高温度出现延迟了90分钟，参考房降低了10℃，最高温度出现延迟了20分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围，从而降低空调及建筑供暖能耗，提高居住舒适度。
实施例2
参考实施例1，所不同的是保温板为陶瓷保温板，厚度为100mm。同实施例1测试实验表明实验房内温度波动减少了16℃，最高温度出现延迟了80分钟，参考房内温度波动降低了8℃，最高温度出现延迟了10分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温 度波动范围。该实验房保温隔热效果略差于实施例1实验房，是因为陶瓷保温板的导热系数高于EPS泡沫板，且保温层厚度变薄。
实施例3
参考实施例1，所不同的是保温板为XPS挤塑板，厚度为50mm。
同实施例1测试实验表明实验房内温度波动减少了17℃，最高温度出现延迟了85分钟，参考房内温度波动降低了9℃，最高温度出现延迟了15分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围。该实验房保温隔热效果与实施例1实验房相近，是因为XPS挤塑板保温板的导热系数小于EPS泡沫板。
实施例4
参考实施例1，所不同的是保温板为发泡水泥，厚度为30mm。同实施例1测试实验表明实验房内温度波动减少了10℃，最高温度出现延迟了60分钟，参考房内温度波动降低了5℃，最高温度出现延迟了10分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围。该实验房保温隔热效果差于实施例1实验房，是因为发泡水泥保温板的导热系数与EPS泡沫板相近，但发泡水泥保温板的厚度远小于EPS泡沫板。
实施例5
参考实施例1，所不同的是保温板为玻璃棉，厚度为20mm。同实施例1测试实验表明实验房内温度波动减少了8℃，最高温度出现延迟了50分钟，参考房内温度波动降低了3℃，最高温度出现延迟了6分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围。该实验房保温隔热效果差于实施例1实验房，是因为玻璃棉保温板的导热系数与EPS泡沫板相近，但玻璃棉保温板的厚度远小于EPS泡沫板。
实施例6
参考实施例1，所不同的是保温板为酚醛泡沫，厚度为15mm。同实施例1测试实验表明实验房内温度波动减少了9℃，最高温度出现延迟了55分钟，参考房内温度波动降低了3℃，最高温度出现延迟了7分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围。该实验房保温隔热效果差于实施例1实验房，是因为酚醛泡沫保温板的导热系数小于EPS泡沫板，但酚醛泡沫保温板的厚度远小于EPS泡沫板。
实施例7
参考实施例1，所不同的是保温板为橡塑海绵，厚度为10mm。同实施例1测试实验表明实验房内温度波动减少了6℃，最高温度出现延迟了30分钟，参考房内温度波动降低了2℃，最高温度出现延迟了5分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围。该实验房保温隔热效果差于实施例1实验房，是因为橡塑海绵保温板的导热系数与EPS泡沫板相近，但橡塑海绵保温板的厚度远小于EPS泡沫板。
实施例8
参考实施例1，所不同的是保温板为气凝胶毡，厚度为5mm。同实施例1测试实验表明实验房内温度波动减少了7℃，最高温度出现延迟了35分钟，参考房内温度波动降低了2℃，最高温度出现延迟了5分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围。该实验房保温隔热效果差于实施例1实验房，是因为气凝胶毡保温板的导热系数远小于EPS泡沫板，但气凝胶毡保温板的厚度远小于EPS泡沫板。
实施例9
墙体基体1由灰砂砖与水泥抹灰层砌成。选取厚度为30mm的酚醛泡沫板作为保温层2，厚度为50mm的中纤板作为定向结构板3。将无机水合盐十水合硫酸钠与成核剂硼砂混合后加热融化，其中成核剂与十水合硫酸钠的质量比为3:97，再与膨胀蛭石载体复合得到膨胀蛭石基十水合硫酸钠新型无机复合相变材料，相变温度为35℃，其中熔融十水合硫酸钠占复合相变材料质量分数80％，常温下复合相变材料为固体，选择质量分数为10％的聚氨酯树脂在复合相变材料表面经光固化，对无机复合相变材料进行包覆，大大增强了无机复合相变材料的耐用性。得到的无机复合相变材料经过冷度测试，其过冷度相比于十水合硫酸钠相变材料过冷度减少了13℃，过冷度大大降低并且不发生液漏现象。厚度为15mm的纤维布袋作为无机复合相变材料的封装板材5，将树脂包覆后的复合相变材料填充于封装板材空腔内得到定形相变储能保温板7，厚度为30mm的铝塑板作为外饰板6，结构如图1所示。
由上述墙体结构搭建实验房和参考房，在一个太阳光强度下，测试房间内温度随时间的波动，其中实验房外饰板内放置了定形相变储能保温板7，参考房外饰板内不放置定形相变储能保温板7，测试结果表明实验房内温度波动减少了15℃，最高温度出现延迟了60分钟，参考房降低了5℃，最高温度出现延迟了15分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙 体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围，从而降低空调及建筑供暖能耗，提高居住舒适度。
实施例10
参考实施例9，所不同的是定向结构板为细木工板，厚度为20mm。同实施例9测试实验表明实验房内温度波动减少了14℃，最高温度出现延迟了50分钟，参考房内温度波动降低了4℃，最高温度出现延迟了12分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围。该实验房保温隔热效果与实施例9实验房相近。
实施例11
墙体基体1由灰砂砖与水泥抹灰层砌成。选取厚度为10mm的XPS挤塑板作为保温层2，厚度为30mm的定向刨花板(OSB板)作为定向结构板3。将无机盐无水氯化钙、去离子水与成核剂六水氯化锶融化得到六水合氯化钙饱和溶液，其中无水氯化钙比去离子水比六水氯化锶的质量比为：10.28:10.0：0.41，再与膨胀珍珠岩载体复合得到膨胀珍珠岩基六水合氯化钙新型无机复合相变材料，相变温度为27℃，其中熔融六水合氯化钙占复合相变材料质量分数55％，常温下复合相变材料为固体，选择质量分数为15％的聚氨酯树脂在复合相变材料表面经光固化，对无机复合相变材料进行包覆，大大增强了无机复合相变材料的耐用性。得到的无机复合相变材料经过冷度测试，其过冷度相比于十水合硫酸钠相变材料过冷度减少了15℃，过冷度大大降低并且不发生液漏现象。厚度为10mm的PVC板作为无机复合相变材料的封装板材5，将树脂包覆后的复合相变材料填充于封装板材空腔内得到定形相变储能保温板7，厚度为20mm的铝单板作为外饰板6，结构如图1所示。
由上述墙体结构搭建实验房和参考房，在一个太阳光强度下，测试房间内温度随时间的波动，其中实验房外饰板内放置了定形相变储能保温板7，参考房外饰板内不放置定形相变储能保温板7，测试结果表明实验房内温度波动减少了13℃，最高温度出现延迟了45分钟，参考房降低了5℃，最高温度出现延迟了15分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围，从而降低空调及建筑供暖能耗，提高居住舒适度。
实施例12
参考实施例11，所不同的是外饰板为彩色玻璃，厚度为10mm。同实施例11测试实验表明实验房内温度波动减少了13℃，最高温度出现延迟了45分钟，参考房内温度波动降低了4℃，最高温度出现延迟了11分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更 优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围。该实验房保温隔热效果与实施例11实验房相近，因为外饰板对房间内的隔热保温效果影响较小。
实施例13
参考实施例11，所不同的是外饰板为PVC吊顶板，厚度为5mm。同实施例11测试实验表明实验房内温度波动减少了12℃，最高温度出现延迟了45分钟，参考房内温度波动降低了4℃，最高温度出现延迟了10分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围。该实验房保温隔热效果与实施例11实验房相近，因为外饰板对房间内的隔热保温效果影响较小。
实施例14
墙体基体1由灰砂砖与水泥抹灰层砌成。选取厚度为5mm的气凝胶毡作为保温层2，厚度为1mm的指接板作为定向结构板3。将无机水合盐六水合氯化钙和六水合硝酸镁混合融化得到熔融六水合氯化钙/六水合硝酸镁相变材料，再与气相二氧化硅载体复合得到气相二氧化硅基六水合氯化钙/六水合硝酸镁无机复合相变材料，相变温度为10℃，其中熔融六水合氯化钙/六水合硝酸镁相变材料占复合相变材料质量分数40％，常温下复合相变材料为固体，选择质量分数为20％的聚氨酯树脂在复合相变材料表面经光固化，对无机复合相变材料进行包覆，大大增强了无机复合相变材料的耐用性。得到的无机复合相变材料经过冷度测试，其过冷度相比于六水合氯化镁/六水合硝酸镁相变材料过冷度减少了15℃，过冷度大大降低并且不发生液漏现象。厚度为0.2mm的真空袋作为新型无机复合相变材料的封装板材5，将树脂包覆后的复合相变材料填充于封装板材空腔内得到定形相变储能保温板7，厚度为1mm的夹板作为外饰板6，结构如图1所示。
由上述墙体结构搭建实验房和参考房，在一个太阳光强度下，测试房间内温度随时间的波动，其中实验房外饰板内放置了定形相变储能保温板7，参考房外饰板内不放置定形相变储能保温板7，测试结果表明实验房内温度波动减少了8℃，最高温度出现延迟了40分钟，参考房降低了2℃，最高温度出现延迟了10分钟，说明含定形相变储能保温板的墙体结构具有更优异的储热能力，能明显提高墙体热惰性，延迟室内峰值温度出现时间；充分减小室内温度波动范围，从而降低空调及建筑供暖能耗，提高居住舒适度。
实施例15
实施例14一种保温结构中，无机复合相变材料的封装板材表面贴有耐高温防火箔铝 纤维布材料，使得得到的定形相变储能保温板7具有良好的防火性能。
实施例16
实施例15一种保温结构中：墙体基体1、保温层2、定向结构板3、定形相变储能保温板7和外饰板6之间通过泡沫胶进行粘接。
实施例并非是对本发明做任何其他形式的限制，依据本发明的技术实质所作的任何修改或等同变化，仍属于本发明所要求保护的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种相变储能建筑保温结构，其特征在于，包括了定形相变储能保温板，设于建筑内墙面，墙体结构从室外指向室内方向依次设有墙体基体、保温层、定向结构板、定形相变储能保温板和外饰板；
    所述定形相变储能保温板由无机复合相变材料和封装板材组成；所述无机复合相变材料为无机水合盐和多孔结构载体复合得到，其相变温度为10～40℃；所述无机复合相变材料中，无机水合盐的质量百分含量为40～95％，所述无机复合相变材料由具有耐火耐腐蚀性能的光固化树脂包覆。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的相变储能建筑保温结构，其特征在于：所述定形相变储能保温板由以下步骤制备：
    (1)将无机盐、去离子水与成核剂加热融化或直接将无机水合盐加热融化，得到液态状态下的无机水合盐相变物质；所述成核剂为硼砂、六水合氯化锶、CaF2、C粉和Na4P2O7·6H2O中的一种或两种以上；所述成核剂与无机水合盐的质量比为0.5:99.5～10:90；
    (2)在真空环境下，将融化状态下的无机水合盐相变物质吸附到多孔结构载体材料的孔表面及孔内，充分搅拌；
    (3)在低于无机水合盐相变材料相变温度的条件下进行固化，得到无机复合相变材料；
    (4)将制备得到的无机复合相变材料用具有耐火耐腐蚀性能的树脂经光固化进行包覆；
    (5)将包覆后的无机复合相变材料封装于封装板材中，得到定形相变储能保温板。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的相变储能建筑保温结构，其特征在于：所述墙体基体由灰砂砖与水泥抹灰层砌成；
    所述保温层为耐火保温面板；所述耐火保温面板为陶瓷保温板、XPS挤塑板、EPS泡沫板、发泡水泥、珍珠岩及珍珠岩砖、蛭石及蛭石砖、酚醛泡沫、橡塑海绵、玻璃棉、岩棉和气凝胶毡中的一种或两种以上，厚度为5mm～200mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的相变储能建筑保温结构，其特征在于：所述的定向结构板为为胶合板、中纤板、定向刨花板、细木工板和指接板中的一种或多种，厚度为1mm～100mm；所述外饰板为石膏板、夹板、铝单板、PVC吊顶、彩色玻璃、铝塑板中的一种或两种以上，厚度为1mm～50mm；所述外饰板具有与定形相变储能保温板相匹配的凹槽。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的相变储能建筑保温结构，其特征在于：所述封装板材为铝箔袋、PVC板、纤维布袋或真空袋；封装板材厚度为0.2mm～20mm；所述封装板材构成的空腔结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的相变储能建筑保温结构，其特征在于：所述封装板材表面贴有耐高温防火箔铝纤维布材料。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的相变储能建筑保温结构，其特征在于：所述的无机水合盐为三水合醋酸钠、五水合硫代硫酸钠、六水合氯化钙、六水合氯化镁、六水合硝酸镁、七水合硝酸镁、八水合氢氧化钡、十水合硫酸钠、十二水合磷酸氢钠、十二水合硫酸铝铵及十八水合硫酸铝中的一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的相变储能建筑保温结构，其特征在于：所述的多孔结构载体为膨胀石墨、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石、硅藻体、蒙脱土、泡沫铝、泡沫铜、碳泡沫、气相二氧化硅、三氧化二铝中的一种或多种。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的相变储能建筑保温结构，其特征在于：所述的具有耐火耐腐蚀性能的树脂为环氧丙稀酸酯和聚氨酯中的一种或两种。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的相变储能建筑保温结构，其特征在于：所述墙体基体、保温层、定向结构板、定形相变储能保温板和外饰板之间通过泡沫胶进行粘接。
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