WO2018225263A1 - 冷凍装置および空気調和装置 - Google Patents
冷凍装置および空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018225263A1 WO2018225263A1 PCT/JP2017/021517 JP2017021517W WO2018225263A1 WO 2018225263 A1 WO2018225263 A1 WO 2018225263A1 JP 2017021517 W JP2017021517 W JP 2017021517W WO 2018225263 A1 WO2018225263 A1 WO 2018225263A1
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- refrigerant
- detection agent
- temperature
- refrigeration apparatus
- leakage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
- F25B40/02—Subcoolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
- G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/222—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/19—Calculation of parameters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
- F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2519—On-off valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
- F25B2700/21162—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the inlet of the condenser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
- F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration apparatus and an air conditioner equipped with a refrigerant leak detection apparatus.
- Patent Document 1 a tank equipped with a solid fluorescent agent is attached to a heat exchanger provided in a refrigeration apparatus, and the refrigerant passes through the tank on the way from the inlet to the outlet of the heat exchanger.
- the agent is mixed with the refrigerant.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and a refrigerating apparatus and an air conditioner capable of stably detecting a refrigerant leak location by suppressing a functional deterioration of a leak detection agent used for specifying the coolant leak location.
- An object is to provide an apparatus.
- a refrigeration apparatus includes a compressor, a condenser, a decompression device, and an evaporator, which are connected by a refrigerant pipe to circulate the refrigerant, and detect refrigerant leakage from the refrigerant circuit. And a leakage detection agent charging device connected to the refrigerant piping.
- the leakage detection agent charging device includes a container in which the leakage detection agent is disposed, and the leakage detection agent in the container. And a control valve that is provided in a connection pipe that is supplied to the pipe and that is opened when refrigerant leakage is detected by the refrigerant leakage detection device.
- the air conditioner according to the present invention includes the above-described refrigeration apparatus, and each of the condenser and the evaporator is a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the air.
- the leakage detection agent is introduced into the refrigerant circuit at the timing when the refrigerant leakage is detected, it is possible to stably detect the leakage point of the refrigerant by suppressing the deterioration of the function of the leakage detection agent. Is possible.
- FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of the refrigeration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a refrigerant circuit figure in case the freezing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention is a remote type condensing unit. It is the figure which showed the non-input state of the leakage detection agent in the schematic diagram of the leakage detection agent injection device of the refrigerating apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is the figure which showed the injection
- FIG. 1 and the following drawings the same reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts, and are common to the whole text of the embodiments described below.
- the form of the component represented by the whole specification is an illustration to the last, Comprising: It does not limit to the form described in the specification. Further, the level of temperature, pressure, etc. is not particularly determined in relation to absolute values, but is relatively determined in the state or operation of the system or apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a refrigeration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the refrigeration apparatus includes an outdoor unit 100 and an indoor unit 200, and the indoor unit 200 and the indoor unit 200 are connected by a liquid extension pipe 12 and a gas extension pipe 13.
- the outdoor unit 100 includes a compressor 1, an oil separator 2, a condenser 3, a liquid receiver 4, a supercooling heat exchanger 5, a dryer 6, and an accumulator 9.
- the indoor unit 200 includes a decompression device 7 and an evaporator 8 that are configured by an expansion valve, a capillary tube, or the like.
- the compressor 1, the oil separator 2, the condenser 3, the receiver 4, the supercooling heat exchanger 5, the dryer 6, the decompression device 7, the evaporator 8, and the accumulator 9 are connected by the refrigerant
- coolant is A circulating refrigerant circuit A is configured.
- the compressor 1 sucks a refrigerant and compresses the refrigerant to a high temperature and high pressure state.
- the oil separator 2 separates oil contained in the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1.
- the condenser 3 cools and condenses the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1.
- the liquid receiver 4 is a container that stores excess refrigerant liquefied in the refrigerant circuit A.
- the supercooling heat exchanger 5 has a high-pressure side passage through which high-pressure refrigerant flows and a low-pressure side passage through which low-pressure refrigerant flows, and performs heat exchange between the high-pressure refrigerant and the low-pressure refrigerant.
- the dryer 6 removes foreign substances contained in the refrigerant. A foreign substance corresponds to an impurity or moisture.
- the accumulator 9 stores excess refrigerant.
- the evaporator 8 heats and evaporates the refrigerant flowing out from the decompression device 7.
- the refrigerant circuit A further branches from between the supercooling heat exchanger 5 and the dryer 6, and is connected to the compressor via a decompression device 5 a configured by, for example, an expansion valve, and a low pressure side passage of the supercooling heat exchanger 5. 1 is provided with an injection pipe 5b connected to the suction side.
- the refrigerating apparatus includes a first temperature sensor TH1, a second temperature sensor TH2, a third temperature sensor TH3, and a fourth temperature sensor TH4. Temperature information detected by the first temperature sensor TH1, the second temperature sensor TH2, the third temperature sensor TH3, and the fourth temperature sensor TH4 is input to the control device 30 described later.
- the first temperature sensor TH1 is provided at any position in the flow path from the outlet side of the condenser 3 to the inlet side of the supercooling heat exchanger 5, and detects the temperature of the refrigerant.
- the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor TH1 is referred to as “supercooling heat exchanger inlet temperature th1”.
- the second temperature sensor TH2 is provided at any position in the flow path from the outlet side of the supercooling heat exchanger 5 to the inlet side of the decompression device 7, and detects the temperature of the refrigerant.
- the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor TH2 is referred to as “supercooling heat exchanger outlet temperature th2”.
- the third temperature sensor TH3 detects the temperature of the air that exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the condenser 3.
- the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor TH3 is referred to as “outside air temperature th3”.
- the fourth temperature sensor TH4 detects the temperature of the refrigerant injected into the compressor 1.
- injection temperature tc the temperature detected by the fourth temperature sensor TH4 is referred to as “injection temperature tc”.
- the refrigeration apparatus further includes a control device 30 that controls the entire refrigeration apparatus.
- the control device 30 is configured by a microcomputer, for example, and includes a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and the like.
- the ROM stores a control program and a program corresponding to the flowchart of FIG.
- the control device 30 detects a refrigerant leak from the refrigerant circuit A based on the temperature information detected by the temperature sensors TH1 to TH4, and will be described later based on the detection result of the refrigerant leak detection device 31. And a charging control device 32 that controls the leakage detection agent charging device 20.
- the control device 30 issues a refrigerant leak alarm from a display device (not shown) or a sound output device (not shown).
- the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit A for example, a single refrigerant such as R22 or R134a, a pseudo-azeotropic mixed refrigerant such as R410A or R404A, and a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant such as R407C are used.
- a refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle a refrigerant containing a double bond in the chemical formula and having a relatively low global warming potential or a mixture thereof may be used.
- the refrigerant containing a double bond in the chemical formula corresponds to, for example, CF 3 and CF ⁇ CH 2 .
- a natural refrigerant such as CO 2 or propane may be used as the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows into the condenser 3 after the refrigeration oil contained in the refrigerant is separated by the oil separator 2.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the condenser 3 is condensed by exchanging heat with outdoor air in the condenser 3, and is stored in the receiver 4 as high-pressure liquid refrigerant or two-phase refrigerant.
- the refrigerant that has flowed out of the liquid receiver 4 flows into the high-pressure channel of the supercooling heat exchanger 5 and is supercooled by exchanging heat with the refrigerant that passes through the low-pressure channel of the supercooling heat exchanger 5. High pressure liquid refrigerant. Then, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the supercooling heat exchanger 5 flows into the dryer 6, and foreign matters are removed. A foreign substance corresponds to an impurity or moisture.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the dryer 6 is decompressed by the decompression device 7 of the indoor unit 200 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant and flows into the evaporator 8.
- the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator 8 evaporates by exchanging heat with room air, and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant and returns to the compressor 1 through the accumulator 9.
- the configuration of the refrigerant circuit A is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.
- a four-way valve or the like that switches the refrigerant flow path may be provided so that the cooling operation and the heating operation can be switched.
- the refrigerant circuit A is dedicated to heating, the outdoor heat exchanger installed in the outdoor unit 100 functions as an evaporator, and the indoor heat exchanger installed in the indoor unit 200 functions as a condenser.
- the refrigerant circuit A may be configured not to include at least one of the oil separator 2, the liquid receiver 4, and the accumulator 9.
- the refrigerant circuit A may be configured to include at least the compressor 1, the condenser 3, the decompression device 5a, and the evaporator 8.
- the refrigeration apparatus is not limited to the air-cooled refrigeration apparatus described above, and may be a water-cooled refrigeration apparatus.
- the refrigeration apparatus in which the refrigerant circuit A is configured by connecting the outdoor unit 100 and the indoor unit 200 by the refrigerant pipe 10 will be described.
- the refrigeration apparatus in the present invention is limited to this. It is not something.
- the refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention may be a refrigeration apparatus in which the outdoor unit 100 and the locally arranged indoor unit 200 are joined together by the refrigerant pipe 10 at the time of local installation, such as a condensing unit. Is possible.
- the refrigeration apparatus in the present invention can be a remote condensing unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram when the refrigeration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is a remote condensing unit.
- the configuration other than the condenser 3 and the third temperature sensor TH3 among the configurations provided in the outdoor unit 100 in FIG. 1 is installed in the compression unit 300 disposed indoors, and the condenser 3 and the third temperature sensor TH3 are installed in the outdoor unit 100A.
- the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention includes a refrigeration apparatus in which each device constituting the refrigerant circuit A and other accessory devices are connected in a refrigerant pipe 10 in one unit like a cooling unit. It is also possible to do.
- the refrigerant leak detection operation in the refrigerant leak detection device 31 is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method such as that disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-132039 can be employed.
- a conventionally known method such as that disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-132039 can be employed.
- the refrigerant leak detection method of this known technique will be briefly described.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 31 determines the presence or absence of the refrigerant leak using the decrease in the subcool efficiency ⁇ of the supercooling heat exchanger 5.
- the subcooling efficiency ⁇ of the supercooling heat exchanger 5 is calculated using the “supercooling degree of the refrigerant at the outlet of the supercooling heat exchanger 5” using the inlet temperature of the supercooling heat exchanger 5 and the outside air temperature th3. It is a value divided by “calculated temperature” and is expressed by the following formula 1.
- the “degree of supercooling of the refrigerant at the outlet of the supercooling heat exchanger 5” is calculated from the supercooling heat exchanger inlet temperature th1 to the supercooling heat exchanger outlet temperature th2.
- the “calculated temperature” is calculated by subcooling heat exchanger inlet temperature th1 ⁇ outside air temperature th3.
- the subcool efficiency ⁇ may be calculated using “injection temperature tc” instead of “calculated temperature”.
- the subcooling efficiency ⁇ when the injection temperature tc is used is expressed by the following formula 2.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 31 uses the subcool efficiency ⁇ calculated when the current operation state is an operation state that does not correspond to the undetectable condition as an effective value for refrigerant leak detection.
- the effective value of the subcool efficiency ⁇ is more than 0 and less than 1.5.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 31 calculates the subcool efficiency ⁇ at a predetermined detection cycle. Then, when the calculation of a predetermined number of times (for example, 10 times) is completed and all of the subcooling efficiencies obtained at that time are effective values, the average temperature efficiency of the subcooling using the effective values for the predetermined number of times. Is calculated.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 31 determines that there is a refrigerant leak. Since the calculation of the subcool efficiency ⁇ is performed at a predetermined detection cycle as described above, in other words, the refrigerant leak detection device 31 continuously has an average subcool efficiency less than a predetermined determination threshold value for a predetermined period. In this case, it is determined that there is a refrigerant leak.
- the detection impossible condition corresponds to, for example, the case where the compressor 1 is in a stopped state or the case where the subcooling efficiency is not stable, such as 30 minutes after starting.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 31 calculates the subcool efficiency ⁇ based on the temperature information detected by the temperature sensors TH1 to TH4 and detects the refrigerant leak has been described.
- the following configuration is used.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 31 may include a gas sensor that detects the refrigerant concentration, for example, and may detect the refrigerant leak based on the refrigerant concentration detected by the gas sensor.
- a leakage detection agent charging device 20 is connected to the refrigerant pipe 10 of the refrigerant circuit A, and a charging control device 32 for controlling the leakage detection agent charging device 20 is provided. There is.
- the leakage detection agent 21a is not introduced into the refrigerant circuit A from the leakage detection agent introduction device 20, and leakage detection is performed from the leakage detection agent introduction device 20 under the control of the introduction control device 32 when refrigerant leakage is detected. It is characterized in that the agent 21a is put into the refrigerant circuit A.
- the number of installed leakage detection agent charging devices 20 may be one as shown in FIG. 1 or a plurality of devices.
- the outdoor unit 100 has a higher probability of refrigerant leakage due to vibration of the compressor 1 or vibration due to external force from the outside than the indoor unit 200.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the leakage detection agent charging device of the refrigeration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and shows a non-charging state of the leakage detection agent.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the leakage detection agent charging device of the refrigeration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and is a diagram showing the state of leakage detection agent charging.
- the arrows indicate the flow of the refrigerant.
- the black display of the control valve 23 a and the control valve 23 b means blocking, and the white display indicates opening.
- the leak detection agent charging device 20 includes a container 21 in which the leak detection agent 21a is disposed, two connection pipes 22a and a connection pipe 22b that connect the container 21 and the refrigerant pipe 10 of the refrigerant circuit A, and a connection pipe.
- the control valve 23a that opens and closes the flow path 22a and the control valve 23b that opens and closes the flow path of the connection pipe 22b are provided.
- the leak detection agent charging device 20 is arranged on the downstream side of the oil separator 2 so that the leak detection agent 21 a is not separated by the oil separator 2.
- a liquid leakage detection agent 21a is stored in the container 21, a liquid leakage detection agent 21a is stored.
- the leak detection agent 21a is not limited to liquid but may be solid.
- the liquid tank described in Patent Document 1 may be used for the container 21.
- the configuration in which the leakage detection agent 21a is mixed into the refrigerant in the container 21 is not particularly limited.
- the leakage detection agent 21a for example, a fluorescent agent, a colorant, a substance that emits odor, or a substance that generates bubbles in the air can be used.
- a fluorescent agent for example, Super Tracer OL-200II or Super Glow can be used.
- tertiary butyl mercaptan can be used as the odor.
- Super Bubble TR-1C or Big Blue can be used as the one that generates bubbles in the air.
- the leak detection agent 21a will be described as being a fluorescent agent.
- the control valve 23a is configured by an electromagnetic valve that opens or closes the flow path of the connection pipe 22a.
- the control valve 23b is configured by an electromagnetic valve that opens or closes the flow path of the connection pipe 22b, and the control valve 23b and the control valve 23b are opened by an ON signal from the closing control device 32 and closed by an OFF signal.
- a pressure difference is provided between the inlet 10a which is a connection port between the connection pipe 22a and the refrigerant pipe 10, and the outlet 10b which is a connection port between the connection pipe 22a and the refrigerant pipe 10. Due to this pressure difference, the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 10 flows into the leakage detection agent charging device 20.
- the inner diameter of the refrigerant pipe 10 in the inlet 10a portion is set so that the refrigerant pressure in the inlet 10a becomes higher than the refrigerant pressure in the outlet 10b.
- the refrigerant pipe 10 is thinner than the inner diameter.
- a gas pressure may be flowed from the outside.
- leakage detection agent 21a When the leakage detection agent 21a is introduced into the refrigerant pipe 10 from the leakage detection agent charging device 20 configured as described above, the leakage detection agent 21a spreads throughout the refrigerant circuit A due to the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant piping 10, Leakage detection agent 21a is released to the outside from the refrigerant leakage point.
- the leakage detection agent 21a is a fluorescent agent here, and emits light by ultraviolet rays emitted from an ultraviolet lamp. For this reason, the inspector can easily identify the coolant leak location by irradiating the location where the coolant leak is suspected with the ultraviolet rays of the ultraviolet lamp.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the refrigerant leak location specifying operation of the refrigeration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 31 performs the above-described refrigerant leak detection operation (step S1).
- the control device 30 issues a refrigerant leak alarm from a display device (not shown) or a voice output device (not shown) (step S3). .
- the charging control device 32 controls the leakage detecting agent charging device 20 to input the leakage detecting agent 21a into the refrigerant circuit A (step S4). Specifically, the charging control device 32 outputs an ON signal to the control valve 23a and the control valve 23b of the leakage detection agent charging device 20. As a result, the control valve 23a and the control valve 23b are opened, and the leakage detection agent 21a is charged into the refrigerant circuit A from the leakage detection agent charging device 20.
- the charging control device 32 may be configured to continuously control the leakage detection agent 21a to the refrigerant circuit A for several minutes, for example, or to intermittently supply the leakage detection agent 21a to the refrigerant circuit A at a preset time interval. It is good also as control.
- the control valve 23a and the control valve 23b are opened simultaneously.
- the control valve 23a and the control valve 23b may be opened sequentially according to a set time difference.
- the leakage detection agent 21a introduced into the refrigerant circuit A reaches the entire refrigerant circuit A in about 10 to 60 seconds, for example, and is released from the refrigerant leakage point.
- the time required for the leakage detection agent 21a to reach the entire refrigerant circuit A varies depending on the horsepower of the refrigeration apparatus and the pipe length.
- the inspector specifies the location of the refrigerant leak with the ultraviolet lamp (step S5). After specifying the refrigerant leak location, the operation of the refrigeration apparatus is stopped (step S6), and the leak location is repaired (step S7).
- the colored portion can be identified as the refrigerant leakage portion.
- production location of an odor can be specified as a refrigerant
- the location where the bubbles are leaking can be identified as the coolant leakage location.
- the leakage detection agent 21a since the leakage detection agent 21a is introduced into the refrigerant circuit A at the timing when refrigerant leakage is detected, the leakage detection agent 21a circulates in the refrigerant circuit A at all times. Compared with the structure which continues, the functional fall of the leak detection agent 21a can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to stably find the refrigerant leakage point over a long period of time. Further, in the conventional configuration in which the function of the leak detection agent 21a is lowered, it may take time to specify the location of the refrigerant leak. However, in the first embodiment, the function deterioration of the leak detection agent 21a can be suppressed. Early detection of leak points is possible.
- flash gas which is a bubble in the refrigerant
- the subcool efficiency ⁇ is close to zero and is in an uncooled state.
- the time from the detection of the refrigerant leak in the refrigerant leak detection operation of the first embodiment to the generation of the flash gas varies depending on the refrigerant amount or the leak amount, but takes about 1 to 6 hours. That is, in the method for confirming the leakage of refrigerant by visual observation of the flash gas, a considerable detection delay occurs compared to the above-described refrigerant leakage detection operation.
- refrigerant leak detection using the subcool efficiency ⁇ can detect the refrigerant leak before the flash gas is generated, thereby improving the product reliability and reducing the cost loss. It can be reduced. In addition, the amount of refrigerant released into the atmosphere can be reduced.
- the control valve 23a and the control valve 23b are connected to the connection pipe 22a and the connection pipe 22b so that the container 21 can be shut off from the refrigerant circuit A in a normal state. It is possible to suppress the leakage detection agent charging device 20 from affecting the refrigerant pressure or the refrigerant temperature during operation. Further, since the container 21 can be shut off from the refrigerant circuit A, the leakage detection agent 21a can be replaced or added while operating during maintenance inspection.
- the arrangement position of the leakage detection agent charging device 20 is set to the downstream side of the oil separator 2 in which the inside is in a high pressure gas state, and the leakage detection agent 21a is charged from the high pressure gas side.
- a high-temperature leak detection agent so that the leak detection agent 21a is not decomposed in a high temperature state.
- the high temperature state corresponds to a state where the refrigerant gas temperature range during steady operation is, for example, 80 to 100 ° C. and the maximum temperature is 120 ° C.
- the time of steady operation refers to the time of operation in which no transient change in operation occurs.
- refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 1, and can be variously modified as follows without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a first modification of the leakage detection agent charging device for the refrigeration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a second modification of the leakage detection agent charging device for the refrigeration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Modification 1 and Modification 2 relate to a configuration for improving flow rate fluctuation and pressure fluctuation in the refrigerant pipe 10 that occurs when the leakage detection agent 21a is charged into the refrigerant circuit A from the leakage detection agent charging device 20.
- the leak detection agent charging device 20 is provided with a capillary tube 24.
- the capillary tube 24 only needs to be connected to the connection pipe 22a or the connection pipe 22b, and may be connected between the control valve 23a and the container 21 as shown in FIG. 6, or as shown in FIG. You may connect between 23b and the piping 10 of the refrigerant circuit A.
- FIG. 6 The capillary tube 24 only needs to be connected to the connection pipe 22a or the connection pipe 22b, and may be connected between the control valve 23a and the container 21 as shown in FIG. 6, or as shown in FIG. You may connect between 23b and the piping 10 of the refrigerant circuit A.
- the refrigerant flows from the refrigerant pipe 10 into the container 21, but it may be configured not to flow.
- the connection pipe 22a and the control valve 23a may be omitted.
- the container 21 may be simply connected to the refrigerant pipe 10 through the connection pipe 22b, and the control valve 23b provided in the connection pipe 22b may be opened to introduce the leakage detection agent 21a.
- control valve 23a and the control valve 23b are configured to automatically open under the control of the closing control device 32, but may be configured as follows. For example, an inspector who has recognized the warning of the refrigerant leakage alarm presses and opens a switch for opening the control valve 23a and the control valve 23b, or by a control signal from a centralized management device that is a host device of the refrigeration apparatus. It may be opened.
- the first embodiment may be configured such that when the refrigerant leakage is detected, the control valve 23a and the control valve 23b are opened and the leakage detection agent 21a is introduced into the refrigerant circuit A.
- the operating source for opening the control valve 23a and the control valve 23b is not limited.
- control valve 23a and the control valve 23b are not limited to electromagnetic valves, and may be constituted by a flow rate adjusting valve such as an electronic expansion valve capable of adjusting the flow rate.
- control valve 23a of the connection pipe 22a serving as a refrigerant inflow pipe from the refrigerant circuit A may be constituted by a check valve.
- the flow rate to be introduced into the refrigerant circuit A may be adjusted based on the target evaporation temperature or the operation frequency. Specifically, when the target evaporation temperature is high, specifically, when the target evaporation temperature is 10 ° C. under refrigeration conditions, the flow rate is increased. On the other hand, when the target evaporation temperature is low, specifically, when the target evaporation temperature is ⁇ 45 ° C., for example, under refrigeration conditions, the flow rate is decreased. By doing in this way, the effect that the injection amount of the leak detection agent 21a can be controlled to an appropriate amount is obtained.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a first modification of the refrigeration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the leakage detection agent charging device 20 is installed on the upstream side of the accumulator 9, and the leakage detection agent 21a is charged into the refrigerant circuit A from the low-pressure gas side.
- a low-temperature leakage detection agent may be used so that the leakage detection agent 21a is not decomposed in a low temperature state.
- the low temperature state corresponds to a state in which the refrigerant gas temperature range during steady operation is, for example, 10 ° C. to 20 ° C. and the minimum temperature is ⁇ 50 ° C.
- a heat insulating material may be added at an appropriate place in the leakage detection agent charging device 20 for preventing condensation at a low temperature.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a second modification of the refrigeration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the leak detection agent charging device 20 is installed at a location where the refrigerant is in a high-pressure liquid refrigerant state, specifically, downstream of the dryer 6.
- the leakage detection agent 21 a may be absorbed by the dryer 6.
- the refrigerant temperature range is, for example, 20 ° C. to 45 ° C. and the minimum temperature is about ⁇ 15 ° C. during steady operation. The influence of temperature on the detection agent 21a is small.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a third modification of the refrigeration apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Modification 3 shows a configuration including two leakage detection agent charging devices 20.
- One leakage detection agent charging device 20 is installed between the oil separator 2 and the condenser 3, and the other leakage detection device is detected.
- the agent charging device 20 is installed between the dryer 6 and the decompression device 7.
- the leak detection agent charging device 20 is installed in each of the outdoor unit 100 and the indoor unit 200.
- the leakage detection agent charging device 20 is installed in each of the outdoor unit 100 and the indoor unit 200.
- the refrigeration apparatus is described as an air conditioner.
- the refrigeration apparatus may be a cooling apparatus that cools a refrigerated warehouse or the like.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る冷凍装置の冷媒回路図である。ここでは、冷凍装置が、室内の冷房を行う空気調和装置である場合を例に説明を行う。
冷凍装置は、室外ユニット100と室内ユニット200とを備えており、室内ユニット200と室内ユニット200とは、液延長配管12およびガス延長配管13で接続されている。室外ユニット100は、圧縮機1、油分離器2、凝縮器3、受液器4、過冷却熱交換器5、ドライヤ6およびアキュムレータ9を備えている。また、室内ユニット200は、膨張弁またはキャピラリチューブ等で構成された減圧装置7および蒸発器8を備えている。そして、圧縮機1、油分離器2、凝縮器3、受液器4、過冷却熱交換器5、ドライヤ6、減圧装置7、蒸発器8およびアキュムレータ9が冷媒配管10で接続され、冷媒が循環する冷媒回路Aが構成されている。
圧縮機1から吐出された高温高圧のガス冷媒は、油分離器2により冷媒に含まれる冷凍機油が分離された後、凝縮器3へ流入する。凝縮器3に流入した高温高圧のガス冷媒は凝縮器3において室外空気と熱交換して凝縮し、高圧液冷媒または二相冷媒となって受液器4に貯留される。受液器4から流出した冷媒は、過冷却熱交換器5の高圧側流路に流入し、過冷却熱交換器5の低圧側流路を通過する冷媒と熱交換することで、過冷却された高圧の液冷媒となる。そして、過冷却熱交換器5から流出した高圧の液冷媒は、ドライヤ6へ流入し、異物が除去される。異物とは、不純物または水分などが該当する。ドライヤ6から流出した液冷媒は、室内ユニット200の減圧装置7で減圧されて低温低圧の二相冷媒となり、蒸発器8に流入する。そして、蒸発器8に流入した冷媒は室内空気と熱交換して蒸発し、低温低圧のガス冷媒となってアキュムレータ9を介して圧縮機1に戻る。
リモート式コンデンシングユニットは、図1において室外ユニット100に備えられていた構成のうち、凝縮器3および第3温度センサTH3以外の構成が、室内に配置される圧縮ユニット300に設置され、凝縮器3および第3温度センサTH3が室外ユニット100Aに設置された構成を有する。
冷媒漏れ検知装置31における冷媒漏れ検知動作は特に限定するものではなく、従来公知の例えば特開2012-132639号公報に開示された方法を採用できる。以下、この公知技術の冷媒漏れ検知方法を簡単に説明する。
図3は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る冷凍装置の漏洩検知剤投入装置の概略図で、漏洩検知剤の非投入状態を示した図である。図4は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る冷凍装置の漏洩検知剤投入装置の概略図で、漏洩検知剤の投入状態を示した図である。図3において矢印は冷媒の流れを示している。また、図3および図4において、制御弁23aおよび制御弁23bの黒塗り表示は閉塞を意味し、白抜き表示は開放を示している。
漏洩検知剤投入装置20において制御弁23aおよび制御弁23bは、冷媒漏れの無い正常時は、図3に示すように閉じており、容器21内の漏洩検知剤21aが冷媒回路A内に投入されることはない。そして、図4に示すように制御弁23aおよび制御弁23bが開放されると、冷媒配管10を流れる冷媒が、上述の圧力差により接続配管22aを介して容器21内に流入する。そして、漏洩検知剤21aが混入した冷媒が容器21から流出し、接続配管22bを介して冷媒配管10内に流入する。なお、冷媒には、圧縮機1内における摺動部の潤滑性を維持するため、油が混合しており、油が混合した冷媒に漏洩検知剤21aが混入することになる。
冷凍装置において、冷媒漏れ箇所を特定する動作の開始が指示されると、冷媒漏れ検知装置31は、上述の冷媒漏れ検知動作を行う(ステップS1)。冷媒漏れ検知動作によって冷媒漏れが検知されると(ステップS2)、制御装置30は冷媒漏れ警報を表示装置(図示せず)または音声出力装置(図示せず)等から発報する(ステップS3)。
図6は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る冷凍装置の漏洩検知剤投入装置の変形例1を示す図である。図7は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る冷凍装置の漏洩検知剤投入装置の変形例2を示す図である。
この変形例1および変形例2は、漏洩検知剤投入装置20から冷媒回路Aに漏洩検知剤21aを投入する際に生じる、冷媒配管10における流量変動および圧力変動などを改善する構成に関する。具体的には、次の図6および図7に示すように、漏洩検知剤投入装置20にキャピラリーチューブ24を設けた構成としたものである。キャピラリーチューブ24は接続配管22aまたは接続配管22bに接続されていればよく、図6に示すように制御弁23aと容器21との間に接続してもよいし、図7に示すように制御弁23bと冷媒回路Aの配管10との間に接続してもよい。
図8は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る冷凍装置の変形例1を示す図である。
変形例1は、漏洩検知剤投入装置20を、アキュムレータ9の上流側に設置し、低圧ガス側から冷媒回路A内に漏洩検知剤21aを投入する構成としたものである。低圧ガス側から冷媒回路A内に漏洩検知剤21aを投入する場合、低温状態で漏洩検知剤21aが分解されないように、低温用の漏洩検知剤を使用するとよい。ここで、低温状態とは、定常運転時の冷媒ガス温度範囲が例えば10℃~20℃となり、最低温度が-50℃となる状態が該当する。変形例1の構成とした場合、低温状態の結露防止対策などのため、漏洩検知剤投入装置20における適所に断熱材を追加すると良い。
変形例2は、漏洩検知剤投入装置20を、冷媒が高圧液冷媒の状態となる箇所、具体的にはドライヤ6の下流側に設置する構成としたものである。漏洩検知剤投入装置20をドライヤ6の上流側に設置した場合、漏洩検知剤21aがドライヤ6に吸収される可能性がある。このため、ここではドライヤ6の下流側で減圧装置7との間に漏洩検知剤投入装置20を設置した構成としている。また、この変形例2において漏洩検知剤投入装置20が配置される液冷媒側では、定常運転時に冷媒温度範囲が例えば20℃~45℃で、最低温度が例えば-15℃程度となるため、漏洩検知剤21aに対する温度の影響が少ない。
変形例3では、漏洩検知剤投入装置20を2台備えた構成を示しており、一方の漏洩検知剤投入装置20を油分離器2と凝縮器3との間に設置し、他方の漏洩検知剤投入装置20をドライヤ6と減圧装置7との間に設置したものである。このように漏洩検知剤投入装置20を複数台設置することで、冷媒漏れの箇所をより早く特定することができる。
Claims (13)
- 圧縮機と、凝縮器と、減圧装置と、蒸発器とを備え、これらが冷媒配管で接続されて冷媒が循環する冷媒回路と、
前記冷媒回路からの冷媒漏れを検知する冷媒漏れ検知装置と、
前記冷媒配管に接続された漏洩検知剤投入装置とを備え、
前記漏洩検知剤投入装置は、漏洩検知剤が内部に配置される容器と、前記容器内の前記漏洩検知剤を前記冷媒配管に供給する接続配管に設けられ、前記冷媒漏れ検知装置で冷媒漏れが検知された際に開放される制御弁とを備えた冷凍装置。 - 前記漏洩検知剤投入装置を制御する制御装置を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記冷媒漏れ検知装置で冷媒漏れが検知された際に前記制御弁を開放する請求項1記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記冷媒回路は、前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒に含まれる油を分離する油分離器を備え、
前記漏洩検知剤投入装置は、前記油分離器と前記凝縮器との間の前記冷媒配管に接続されている請求項1または請求項2記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記冷媒回路は、前記圧縮機の吸入側にアキュムレータを備え、
前記漏洩検知剤投入装置は、前記蒸発器と前記アキュムレータとの間の前記冷媒配管に接続されている請求項1または請求項2記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記冷媒回路は、前記凝縮器と前記減圧装置との間に、前記冷媒に含まれる異物を除去するドライヤを備え、
前記漏洩検知剤投入装置は、前記ドライヤと前記蒸発器との間の前記冷媒配管に接続されている請求項1または請求項2記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記冷媒回路は、前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒に含まれる油を分離する油分離器と、 前記凝縮器と前記減圧装置との間に、前記冷媒に含まれる異物を除去するドライヤとを備え、
前記漏洩検知剤投入装置を2台備え、
一方の前記漏洩検知剤投入装置は、前記油分離器と前記減圧装置との間の前記冷媒配管に接続され、他方の前記漏洩検知剤投入装置は、前記ドライヤと前記蒸発器との間の前記冷媒配管に接続されている請求項1記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記制御弁は、流路を開放もしくは閉塞する電磁弁、または流量を調整する流量調整弁である請求項1または請求項2記載の冷凍装置。
- 前記漏洩検知剤投入装置の前記接続配管にキャピラリーチューブが接続されている請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍装置。
- 前記漏洩検知剤は、蛍光剤、着色剤、臭いを出すもの、または空気中で泡を出すもの、のいずれかである請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍装置。
- 前記冷媒回路は、前記凝縮器と前記蒸発器との間に過冷却熱交換器を備え、
前記冷媒漏れ検知装置は、前記過冷却熱交換器の入口温度から外気温度を減算して得た算出温度で前記過冷却熱交換器の過冷却度を除算した値であるサブクール効率が、予め設定した設定期間、連続して、予め設定した判定閾値未満のとき、前記冷媒漏れ有りと判定する請求項1~請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記凝縮器の出口側から前記過冷却熱交換器の入口側に至る流路のいずれかの位置に設けられ、冷媒の温度を検出する第1温度センサと、
前記過冷却熱交換器の出口側から前記減圧装置の入口側に至る流路のいずれかの位置に設けられ、冷媒の温度を検出する第2温度センサと、
外気温度を検出する第3温度センサまたは前記凝縮器から流出した冷媒の一部を減圧および冷却して前記圧縮機にインジェクションされる冷媒の温度を検出する第4温度センサとを備え、
前記冷媒漏れ検知装置は、前記第1温度センサの検出温度と前記第2温度センサの検出温度との温度差を前記過冷却度とし、
前記第1温度センサの検出温度と前記第3温度センサとの温度差、または前記第1温度センサの検出温度と前記第4温度センサとの温度差を、前記算出温度とする請求項10記載の冷凍装置。 - 請求項1~請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍装置を備え、
前記凝縮器および前記蒸発器のそれぞれは、冷媒と空気とを熱交換する熱交換器である空気調和装置。 - 室外ユニットと室内ユニットとが延長配管で接続されて前記冷媒回路が構成されており、
前記室外ユニットと前記室内ユニットとのそれぞれに前記漏洩検知剤投入装置が設置されている請求項12記載の空気調和装置。
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WO2021186549A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-09-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍空調装置 |
JP7357763B2 (ja) | 2020-03-17 | 2023-10-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍空調装置 |
WO2022234612A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクルシステム、制御方法 |
WO2022244177A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍システム |
Also Published As
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JPWO2018225263A1 (ja) | 2020-01-09 |
CN110709655A (zh) | 2020-01-17 |
GB2576644A (en) | 2020-02-26 |
CN110709655B (zh) | 2021-09-10 |
GB2576644B (en) | 2021-03-31 |
GB201914645D0 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
JP6742519B2 (ja) | 2020-08-19 |
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