WO2018224904A1 - 半導体装置、および半導体装置の作製方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置、および半導体装置の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018224904A1 WO2018224904A1 PCT/IB2018/053629 IB2018053629W WO2018224904A1 WO 2018224904 A1 WO2018224904 A1 WO 2018224904A1 IB 2018053629 W IB2018053629 W IB 2018053629W WO 2018224904 A1 WO2018224904 A1 WO 2018224904A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- insulator
- memory
- conductor
- transistor
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 26
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 224
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 179
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 40
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 166
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 82
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 73
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 55
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 49
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 32
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 22
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 7
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical group [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013527 convolutional neural network Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical group [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013135 deep learning Methods 0.000 description 3
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical group [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical group [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical group [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxynitride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005001 rutherford backscattering spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002925 A-like Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015220 hamburgers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021067 refined food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/24—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only semiconductor materials not provided for in groups H01L29/16, H01L29/18, H01L29/20, H01L29/22
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B43/00—EEPROM devices comprising charge-trapping gate insulators
- H10B43/30—EEPROM devices comprising charge-trapping gate insulators characterised by the memory core region
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78642—Vertical transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/7869—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/792—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate with charge trapping gate insulator, e.g. MNOS-memory transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B43/00—EEPROM devices comprising charge-trapping gate insulators
- H10B43/20—EEPROM devices comprising charge-trapping gate insulators characterised by three-dimensional arrangements, e.g. with cells on different height levels
- H10B43/23—EEPROM devices comprising charge-trapping gate insulators characterised by three-dimensional arrangements, e.g. with cells on different height levels with source and drain on different levels, e.g. with sloping channels
- H10B43/27—EEPROM devices comprising charge-trapping gate insulators characterised by three-dimensional arrangements, e.g. with cells on different height levels with source and drain on different levels, e.g. with sloping channels the channels comprising vertical portions, e.g. U-shaped channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B43/00—EEPROM devices comprising charge-trapping gate insulators
- H10B43/40—EEPROM devices comprising charge-trapping gate insulators characterised by the peripheral circuit region
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a storage device and a semiconductor device, for example.
- the present invention relates to a memory device and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, for example.
- the present invention relates to a memory transistor included in a memory device and a method for manufacturing the memory transistor.
- the present invention relates to, for example, a processor and an electronic device.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a processor and an electronic device.
- the present invention relates to a driving method of a storage device, a processor, and an electronic device.
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- the technical field of one embodiment of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to an object, a method, or a manufacturing method.
- one embodiment of the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition (composition of matter).
- a semiconductor device refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
- a display device, a light-emitting device, a lighting device, an electro-optical device, a memory device, a semiconductor circuit, and an electronic device may include a semiconductor device.
- a semiconductor pattern provided in a columnar shape is in direct contact with an insulator having a charge storage layer. Further, in Patent Document 2, a semiconductor pattern provided in a columnar shape is in direct contact with an insulator that functions as a tunnel dielectric. When the semiconductor and the insulator are in direct contact with each other, a trap center may be formed at these interfaces. The trap center formed at the interface between the semiconductor and the insulator captures electrons and fluctuates the threshold voltage of the transistor in the positive direction. There is a risk of adversely affecting the effective mobility and reliability.
- an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device in which formation of a trap center is suppressed and favorable electrical characteristics are provided.
- Another object is to provide a semiconductor device having a large storage capacity per unit area. Another object is to provide a semiconductor device with a novel structure in which memory cells (also referred to as memory transistors) are stacked. Another object is to provide a highly productive semiconductor device.
- Another object is to provide a module including the semiconductor device. Another object is to provide an electronic device including the semiconductor device or the module. Another object is to provide a novel semiconductor device. Another object is to provide a new module. Another object is to provide a novel electronic device.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a semiconductor device including a memory transistor.
- the memory transistor includes a conductor having an opening, a first insulator provided in contact with an inner side surface of the opening, and a first insulator.
- a second insulator provided in contact with the inner side of the second insulator, a third insulator provided in contact with the inner side of the second insulator, and a first insulator provided in contact with the inner side of the third insulator.
- a second oxide provided in contact with the inside of the first oxide, the energy gap of the second oxide being a narrower semiconductor than the energy gap of the first oxide Device.
- the present invention is a semiconductor device including a memory transistor.
- the memory transistor includes a conductor having an opening, a first insulator provided in contact with an inner side surface of the opening, A second insulator provided in contact with the inside of the insulator; a third insulator provided in contact with the inside of the second insulator; and provided in contact with the inside of the third insulator.
- the energy gap of the second oxide is narrower than that of the first oxide
- the energy gap of the second oxide is narrower than that of the third oxide.
- the first oxide and the second oxide preferably include In, an element M (M is Al, Ga, Y, or Sn), and Zn.
- the atomic ratio of the element M to In in the first oxide is preferably larger than the atomic ratio of the element M to In in the second oxide.
- the semiconductor device further includes a base, the semiconductor device includes a plurality of memory transistors on the base, and the plurality of memory transistors are stacked in a direction perpendicular to one surface of the base. It is preferable to be provided.
- the first insulator is preferably an oxide containing any one of silicon, aluminum, and hafnium.
- the third insulator is preferably an oxide containing any one of silicon, aluminum, and hafnium.
- the memory transistor may further include a fourth insulator, and the fourth insulator is preferably provided in contact with the inside of the third oxide.
- formation of a trap center is suppressed, and a semiconductor device having favorable electrical characteristics can be provided.
- a semiconductor device having a large storage capacity per unit area can be provided.
- a semiconductor device with a novel structure in which memory cells (also referred to as memory transistors) are stacked can be provided.
- a highly productive semiconductor device can be provided.
- a module including the semiconductor device can be provided.
- an electronic device including the semiconductor device or the module can be provided.
- a novel semiconductor device can be provided.
- a new module can be provided.
- a novel electronic device can be provided.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a top view illustrating a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 4A to 4D illustrate a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 4A to 4D illustrate a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 4A to 4D illustrate a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 4A to 4D illustrate a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 4A to 4D illustrate a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram illustrating a structure example of a memory device according to one embodiment of the present invention, and a circuit diagram illustrating a structure example of a memory string.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration example of a three-dimensional structure of a memory cell array according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration example of a three-dimensional structure of a memory cell array according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration example of a three-dimensional structure of a memory cell array according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating operation of a memory device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a memory device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an AI system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an application example of an AI system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a configuration example of an IC incorporating an AI system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 illustrates an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 illustrates an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the ordinal numbers attached as the first, second, etc. are used for convenience and do not indicate the process order or the stacking order. Therefore, for example, the description can be made by appropriately replacing “first” with “second” or “third”.
- the ordinal numbers described in this specification and the like may not match the ordinal numbers used to specify one embodiment of the present invention.
- “electrically connected” includes a case of being connected via “something having an electric action”.
- the “thing having some electric action” is not particularly limited as long as it can exchange electric signals between connection targets.
- “thing having some electric action” includes electrodes, wiring, switching elements such as transistors, resistance elements, inductors, capacitors, and other elements having various functions.
- a nitrided oxide refers to a compound having a higher nitrogen content than oxygen.
- oxynitride refers to a compound having a higher oxygen content than nitrogen.
- content of each element can be measured using Rutherford backscattering method (RBS: Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry) etc., for example.
- film and “layer” can be interchanged.
- conductive layer may be changed to the term “conductive film”.
- insulating film may be changed to the term “insulating layer” in some cases.
- parallel means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of ⁇ 10 ° to 10 °. Therefore, the case of ⁇ 5 ° to 5 ° is also included.
- substantially parallel means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of ⁇ 30 ° to 30 °.
- Vertical refers to a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 80 ° to 100 °. Therefore, the case of 85 ° to 95 ° is also included.
- substantially vertical means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 60 ° to 120 °.
- a barrier film is a film having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen, and when the barrier film has conductivity, the barrier film is referred to as a conductive barrier film. There is.
- a metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad expression.
- Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OS), and the like.
- oxide semiconductors also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OS
- the metal oxide may be referred to as an oxide semiconductor. That is, in the case of describing as an OS FET, it can be said to be a transistor including a metal oxide or an oxide semiconductor.
- Ga: Zn 1: 1: 1 or the vicinity thereof, when In is 1 with respect to the total number of atoms, Ga is greater than 0.1 and 2 or less (0.1 ⁇ Ga ⁇ 2 And Zn is greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 2 (0.1 ⁇ Zn ⁇ 2).
- FIGS. 1A is a top view of the memory cell array 700
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 1A
- FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line A3-A4 in FIG. 1A and is a cross-sectional view illustrating a memory string.
- FIGS. 1D, 2A, and 2B are enlarged views of a portion surrounded by an alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1B.
- a memory transistor that functions as a memory cell is illustrated in FIG. It is a figure explaining.
- FIG. 1D is a cross-sectional view of the memory transistor
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are perspective views of the memory transistor
- FIG. 2C is a perspective view in which a portion surrounded by an alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1C is enlarged, and is a diagram illustrating a transistor functioning as a selection transistor.
- an orthogonal coordinate system including an x-axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis is set for convenience.
- the x-axis and the y-axis are parallel to the top surface of the base 720 on which the memory cell array 700 is provided, and the z-axis is perpendicular to the top surface of the base 720.
- the memory cell array 700 includes a stacked body in which a conductor 701 (conductors 701_1 to 701_m: m is a natural number of 2 or more) or a conductor 702 and insulating films are alternately stacked over a base 720.
- a conductor 701 (conductors 701_1 to 701_m: m is a natural number of 2 or more) or a conductor 702 and insulating films are alternately stacked over a base 720.
- an insulator 703 (insulators 703_1 to 703_4) is provided inside an opening formed so as to penetrate the stacked body, and an oxide 704 (oxide 704_1 to oxide 704_1 is oxidized inside the insulator 703).
- the conductor 701 is provided extending in the x-axis direction.
- the insulator 703 and the oxide 704 are provided so as to extend in the z-axis direction.
- the conductor 701, the insulator 703, and the oxide 704 are preferably provided so as to intersect each other vertically.
- the conductor 707 is provided to extend in the z-axis direction.
- the conductor 708 may be provided by extending in the y-axis direction.
- a conductor functioning as the wiring BL connected to the conductor 705 may be provided so as to extend in the y-axis direction. Note that part of the conductor 705 may function as the wiring BL, and the conductor may be provided extending in the y-axis direction.
- the oxide 704 is formed in a columnar shape and is provided extending in the z-axis direction.
- the insulator 703 is provided so as to surround the periphery of the columnar oxide 704 side.
- the conductor 707 is formed in a columnar shape and is provided extending in the z-axis direction.
- the columnar oxide 704 is electrically connected to the conductor 706 at the lower end in the z-axis direction and electrically connected to the conductor 705 at the upper end.
- the conductor 706 is electrically connected to the lower ends of two adjacent columnar oxides 704, and the upper ends of the two columnar oxides 704 are electrically connected to each other. It is electrically connected to the conductor 705 separated into two.
- the vicinity of the region where the conductor 701 intersects with the insulator 703 and the oxide 704 functions as a memory transistor.
- the vicinity of a region where the conductor 702 intersects with the insulator 703 and the oxide 704 functions as a selection transistor.
- the channel length directions of these memory transistors and selection transistors are parallel to the z-axis. Memory transistors or selection transistors are electrically connected in series, and these constitute a memory string.
- the structure of the semiconductor device described in this embodiment is an example, and the present invention is not limited to the number and arrangement of circuit elements and wirings illustrated in the drawings and the like according to this embodiment. .
- the number and arrangement of circuit elements and wirings included in the semiconductor device according to this embodiment can be set as appropriate in accordance with a circuit configuration and a driving method.
- the base 720 on which the memory cell array 700 is provided preferably has an insulating surface.
- a semiconductor substrate with an insulating film formed on the surface an insulator substrate, a conductor substrate with an insulator formed on the surface, or the like may be used.
- the semiconductor substrate for example, a semiconductor substrate such as silicon or germanium, or a semiconductor substrate such as silicon carbide, silicon germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, zinc oxide, or gallium oxide may be used.
- insulator substrate for example, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, a stabilized zirconia substrate (such as a yttria stabilized zirconia substrate), a resin substrate, or the like may be used. Further, a semiconductor substrate having an insulator region inside the above-described semiconductor substrate, for example, an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate may be used. As the conductor substrate, a graphite substrate, a metal substrate, an alloy substrate, a conductive resin substrate, or the like may be used.
- the conductor 701 functions as a gate of the memory transistor and is electrically connected to the word line. That is, the conductor 701, the conductor 707, and the conductor 708 also function as part of the word line.
- the conductor 701 is preferably provided in a step shape in which the lower conductor 701 extends to the A2 side from the upper conductor 701. In this manner, by providing the conductor 701, a part of the upper surface of the lower conductor 701 does not overlap with the upper conductor 701. Therefore, the region of each layer of the conductor 701 and each conductor 707 are connected. Can be connected.
- a conductive material such as silicon or metal can be used.
- silicon is used for the conductor 701, amorphous silicon or polysilicon can be used.
- p-type impurities or n-type impurities may be added in order to make silicon conductive.
- silicide containing titanium, cobalt, or nickel can be used as the conductor 701.
- a metal material aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, indium,
- a material containing one or more metal elements selected from ruthenium or the like can be used.
- the conductor 702 is provided above the conductor 701 with an insulating film interposed therebetween.
- the conductor 702 functions as a gate of a selection transistor (bit line side selection transistor: SDT and source line side selection transistor: SST).
- SDT bit line side selection transistor
- SST source line side selection transistor
- a material used for the conductor 701 and the conductor 702 may be determined in consideration of a work function or the like depending on the use of the conductor 701 and the conductor 702.
- an insulating oxide, nitride, oxynitride, nitride oxide, metal oxide, metal oxynitride, metal oxynitride Things can be used as the insulating film provided in the upper layer and the lower layer of the conductor 701 and the conductor 702.
- an insulating oxide, nitride, oxynitride, nitride oxide, metal oxide, metal oxynitride, metal oxynitride Things can be used. Silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide added with fluorine, silicon oxide added with carbon, silicon oxide added with carbon and nitrogen, silicon oxide or resin with vacancies, relative permittivity Therefore, it is preferable to use it for the insulating film.
- the insulating film aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, oxide containing aluminum and hafnium, oxynitride containing aluminum and hafnium, oxide containing silicon and hafnium, oxide containing silicon and hafnium Nitride or nitride containing silicon and hafnium can be used, but since these have high relative dielectric constant, parasitic capacitance may be generated between the conductors 701 or between the conductors 701 and 702. .
- the material used for the insulating film can be determined according to the design and use of the device.
- the insulator 703 includes an insulator 703a, an insulator 703b, and an insulator 703c.
- the insulator 703a is provided on the conductor 701 side
- the insulator 703c is provided on the oxide 704 side
- the insulator 703b is provided between the insulator 703a and the insulator 703c.
- the insulator 703a functions as a gate insulating layer
- the insulator 703b functions as a charge storage layer
- the insulator 703c functions as a tunnel insulating layer.
- the selection transistor may not include the charge storage layer and the tunnel insulating layer. Therefore, in the bit line side transistor: SDT and the source line side transistor: SST, the insulator 703b and the insulator 703c may not be provided as the insulator 703, and only the insulator 703a may be provided.
- the oxide 704 has a two-layer structure of the oxide 704a and the oxide 704b; however, the present invention is not limited to this. As illustrated in FIG. 2B, the oxide 704 may have a three-layer structure of an oxide 704a, an oxide 704b, and an oxide 704c, or a stacked structure of four or more layers. Further, an insulator 711 may be provided inside the oxide 704b.
- silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride is preferably used.
- aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium may be used. Alternatively, these may be stacked to form the insulator 703a.
- the insulator 703b is preferably formed using a material that functions as a charge storage layer, and silicon nitride or silicon nitride oxide is preferably used. Alternatively, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium may be used.
- the insulator 703c It is preferable to use silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride as the insulator 703c. Alternatively, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium may be used. Alternatively, these may be stacked to form the insulator 703c.
- the insulator 703c is preferably thinner than the insulator 703a. Although details will be described later, when data is written to or erased from the memory transistor, charge is transferred between the oxide 704 and the insulator 702b through the insulator 703c. That is, the insulator 703c functions as a tunnel insulating layer.
- the insulator 703 formed in the bottom of the opening is different from that using dry etching or the like. It must be removed by isotropic etching. During the anisotropic etching, the insulator 703c is also exposed to plasma, radicals, gases, chemicals, and the like on the side surfaces. When the side surface of the insulator 703c is damaged by these, a trap center is generated in the insulator 703c, which may affect the electrical characteristics of the transistor.
- the side surface of the insulator 703c is required to have high resistance against damage caused by etching.
- the insulator 703c is preferably formed using aluminum oxide, a stack of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, or a stack of silicon oxynitride and aluminum oxide.
- the insulator 703a, the insulator 703b, and the insulator 703c can be formed by an ALD method or a CVD method.
- the film is exposed to the air atmosphere in the same chamber or using a multi-chamber film formation apparatus having a plurality of chambers. However, it is preferable to form the film continuously.
- oxide 704 a metal oxide that functions as an oxide semiconductor (hereinafter also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is preferably used.
- An oxide semiconductor is preferable because it has favorable on-state characteristics and high mobility as compared with a semiconductor formed of silicon or the like.
- the oxide 704 includes an In-M-Zn oxide (the element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium) It is preferable to use a metal oxide such as one or a plurality selected from hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium. Further, as the oxide 704, an In—Ga oxide or an In—Zn oxide may be used as the oxide 704, an In—Ga oxide or an In—Zn oxide may be used.
- the oxide 704 preferably includes an oxide 704a provided on the insulator 703c side and an oxide 704b provided on the inner side of the oxide 704a.
- the oxide 704a is preferably an oxide having a relatively wide energy gap with respect to the oxide 704b.
- an oxide having a wide energy gap may be called a wide gap
- an oxide having a narrow energy gap may be called a narrow gap.
- the energy at the lower end of the conduction band of the oxide 704a is preferably higher than the energy at the lower end of the conduction band of the oxide 704b.
- the electron affinity of the oxide 704a is preferably smaller than the electron affinity of the oxide 704b.
- the oxide 704a and the oxide 704b have a combination in which the atomic ratio of each metal atom is different.
- the atomic ratio of the element M in the constituent element is larger than the atomic ratio of the element M in the constituent element in the metal oxide used for the oxide 704b. It is preferable.
- the atomic ratio of the element M to In is preferably larger than the atomic ratio of the element M to In in the metal oxide used for the oxide 704b.
- the atomic ratio of In to the element M is preferably larger than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 704a.
- a metal oxide having a composition and a composition in the vicinity thereof can be used. These oxides 704a and 704b are preferably combined so as to satisfy the above-described atomic ratio relationship.
- the said composition shows the atomic ratio in the oxide formed on the base
- a CAAC-OS described later is preferably used as the oxide 704a
- a CAC-OS is preferably used as the oxide 704b.
- the c-axis is parallel to the xy plane illustrated in FIG. 1A or the like, that is, perpendicular to the z-axis and oriented from the side surface of the opening toward the center. It is preferable.
- the lower end of the conduction band changes gently.
- the lower end of the conduction band at the junction of the oxide 704a and the oxide 704b is continuously changed or continuously joined.
- the density of defect states in the mixed layer formed at the interface between the oxide 704a and the oxide 704b is preferably lowered.
- the oxide 704a and the oxide 704b have a common element other than oxygen (main component), a mixed layer with a low density of defect states can be formed.
- the oxide 704b is an In—Ga—Zn oxide
- an In—Ga—Zn oxide, a Ga—Zn oxide, a gallium oxide, or the like may be used as the oxide 704a.
- the density of defect states at the interface between the oxide 704a and the oxide 704b can be reduced. Therefore, the influence on the carrier conduction due to the interface scattering is reduced, and the memory transistor 710 can obtain a high on-current.
- oxide 704 Note that a more detailed description of the metal oxide that can be used as the oxide 704 will be described later.
- FIG. 1D is an enlarged view of the memory transistor 710 surrounded by an alternate long and short dash line in FIG.
- FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the memory transistor 710.
- the oxide 704b is provided so as to be surrounded by the oxide 704a.
- the carrier when carriers flow through the oxide 704 in the direction from the conductor 705 to the conductor 706 or in the direction from the conductor 706 to the conductor 705, the carrier mainly includes a carrier having a narrow gap. Flows. Therefore, when the above structure is used, a high current driving capability, that is, a large on-current and high field-effect mobility can be obtained in the on state of the transistor.
- the oxide 704a between the oxide 704b and the insulator 703c the oxide 704b serving as a carrier path and the insulator 703c are not in direct contact with each other, and formation of a trap center is suppressed. Can do.
- the trap center formed at the interface between the semiconductor (oxide semiconductor) and the insulator captures electrons and fluctuates the threshold voltage of the transistor in the positive direction. Therefore, the reliability and on / off characteristics of the transistor May adversely affect
- a transistor including the oxide is not affected by electrical characteristics due to the trap center, and thus can have higher current driving force, that is, higher on-state current and higher field-effect mobility in an on state.
- the transistor and the semiconductor device including the transistor can have high reliability.
- FIG. 2B illustrates a different example of the memory transistor 710.
- the memory transistor 710 includes an insulator 703a, an insulator 703b, and an insulator 703c provided with an oxide 704a and an oxide 704b provided inside the oxide 704a.
- An oxide 704c is provided inside 704b.
- an insulator 711 may be embedded inside the oxide 704c. Note that the insulator 711 is not necessarily provided, and the inside of the oxide 704c may be a cavity.
- the oxide 704b may be provided so as to be sandwiched between the oxide 704a and the oxide 704c.
- the oxide 704c preferably has a wide gap like the oxide 704a.
- the insulator 711 is preferably a material that can supply oxygen to the oxide 704 or a material that can supply impurities such as hydrogen and nitrogen.
- oxygen can be supplied to the oxide 704 by using an oxide containing as little hydrogen or nitrogen as the insulator 711.
- impurities such as hydrogen and water contained in the oxide 704 can be removed, so that the oxide 704 is highly purified.
- a memory transistor and a semiconductor device using the transistor can have high reliability.
- hydrogen or nitrogen can be supplied to the oxide 704 by using an oxide containing hydrogen or nitrogen as the insulator 711.
- the resistance value of the oxide 704 may be decreased.
- the memory transistor can be operated with a lower driving voltage.
- a high current driving capability that is, a large on-state current and a high field effect mobility can be obtained in the on state of the memory transistor.
- the opening formed in the stacked body in which the memory transistor 710 is provided has a circular top surface in FIGS. 1A, 2A, and 2B, but is not limited thereto.
- the upper surface may be an ellipse or a polygon such as a triangle or a rectangle.
- the top surfaces of the insulator 703 and the oxide 704 may be changed in accordance with the top surface shape of the opening.
- the opening may have a shape in which the cross-sectional area of the lower (conductor 706 side) opening is narrower than the cross-sectional area of the upper (conductor 705 side) opening.
- a memory transistor is formed using the oxide 704, the insulator 703, and the conductor 701 (any one of the conductors 701_1 to 701_m).
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which memory transistors are stacked in m stages (m is a natural number of 4 or more).
- the conductor 705 is electrically connected to the oxide 704 and functions as a part of the source line SL or the bit line BL.
- a conductive material containing a metal element is preferably used.
- a metal compound layer including a metal element included in the conductor 705 and a component of the oxide 704 is preferably formed at the interface between the conductor 705 and the oxide 704. The formation of the metal compound is preferable because contact resistance between the conductor 705 and the oxide 704 is reduced.
- the conductor 705 absorbs oxygen contained in the oxide 704 and reduces the resistance of the oxide 704 in the vicinity of the interface between the conductor 705 and the oxide 704, whereby the conductor 705, the oxide 704, The contact resistance can be reduced.
- a conductive material containing one or more metal elements selected from aluminum, ruthenium, titanium, tantalum, chromium, tungsten, and copper is preferably used.
- the conductor 706 includes an oxide 704 that is electrically connected to the conductor 705 functioning as a part of the bit line BL and a conductor 705 functioning as a part of the source line SL.
- a memory string is formed by being electrically connected to the oxide 704 that is electrically connected to the memory string.
- a region surrounded by a dotted line in FIG. 1A represents a memory string. That is, FIG. 1A shows a memory cell array 700 having four memory strings.
- a material similar to that of the conductor 705 can be used.
- the same material as the conductor 705 may be used, or a different material may be used.
- a metal compound layer including a metal element included in the conductor 706 and a component of the oxide 704 is preferably formed at the interface between the conductor 706 and the oxide 704.
- the formation of the metal compound is preferable because contact resistance between the conductor 706 and the oxide 704 is reduced.
- the conductor 706 absorbs oxygen contained in the oxide 704 and the resistance of the oxide 704 in the vicinity of the interface between the conductor 706 and the oxide 704 is reduced, so that the conductor 706 and the oxide 704 The contact resistance can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating a memory cell array 700A in which a plurality of memory cell arrays 700 having six stages of memory transistors are combined.
- some components are omitted for ease of explanation.
- a selection transistor bit line side transistor: SDT and source line side transistor: SST
- a conductor 705 functioning as part of the bit line BL and the source line SL and a conductor 708 functioning as part of the word line WL are shown by solid lines.
- each memory cell array 700 has four memory strings having six stages of memory transistors.
- the end on the bit line side of the memory string is electrically connected to different bit lines BL (BL_1 to BL_4).
- the end of the memory string on the source line side is electrically connected to the source line SL, and a common potential is applied.
- the source line SL may be grounded or given a constant potential. Further, the potential may be changed in accordance with the operation of the circuit.
- the conductors 701_1 to 701_6 are electrically connected to different word lines WL, respectively.
- the bit line side conductors 701_1 to 701_6 are electrically connected to WLa_1 to WLa_6, respectively, and the source line side conductors 701_1 to 701_6 are electrically connected to WLb_1 to WLb_6, respectively.
- An arbitrary memory transistor in the memory cell array 700 can be selected by appropriately selecting the bit lines BL (BL_1 to BL_4) and the word lines (WLa_1 to WLa_6 and WLb_1 to WLb_6). In addition, writing, reading, erasing, and the like can be performed on the selected memory transistor.
- each memory string is provided with a selection transistor (not shown), an arbitrary memory cell array 700 in the memory cell array 700A is selected, and an arbitrary memory transistor in the selected memory cell array 700 is selected. , Writing, reading, erasing, and the like can be performed.
- the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium or zinc. In particular, it is preferable to contain indium and zinc. In addition to these, it is preferable that aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, or the like is contained. One or more kinds selected from boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, or the like may be included.
- the metal oxide is an In-M-Zn oxide containing indium, the element M, and zinc is considered.
- the element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, or the like.
- Other elements applicable to the element M include boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium.
- the element M may be a combination of a plurality of the aforementioned elements.
- metal oxides containing nitrogen may be collectively referred to as metal oxides.
- a metal oxide containing nitrogen may be referred to as a metal oxynitride.
- composition of metal oxide A structure of a CAC (Cloud-Aligned Composite) -OS that can be used for the transistor disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention is described below.
- CAAC c-axis aligned crystal
- CAC Cloud-Aligned Composite
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide has a conductive function in a part of the material and an insulating function in a part of the material, and the whole material has a function as a semiconductor.
- the conductive function is a function of flowing electrons (or holes) serving as carriers
- the insulating function is a carrier. This function prevents electrons from flowing.
- a function of switching (a function of turning on / off) can be imparted to CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide by causing the conductive function and the insulating function to act complementarily. In CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide, by separating each function, both functions can be maximized.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide has a conductive region and an insulating region.
- the conductive region has the above-described conductive function
- the insulating region has the above-described insulating function.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material, respectively.
- the conductive region may be observed with the periphery blurred and connected in a cloud shape.
- the conductive region and the insulating region are dispersed in the material with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 3 nm, respectively. There is.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different energy gaps.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide includes a component having a wide gap caused by an insulating region and a component having a narrow gap caused by a conductive region.
- the carrier when the carrier flows, the carrier mainly flows in the component having the narrow gap.
- the component having a narrow gap acts in a complementary manner to the component having a wide gap, and the carrier flows through the component having the wide gap in conjunction with the component having the narrow gap. Therefore, when the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide is used for a channel formation region of a transistor, high current driving force, that is, high on-state current and high field-effect mobility can be obtained in the on-state of the transistor.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide can also be called a matrix composite material (metal matrix composite) or a metal matrix composite material (metal matrix composite).
- An oxide semiconductor (metal oxide) is classified into a single crystal oxide semiconductor and a non-single crystal oxide semiconductor.
- the non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor include a CAAC-OS (c-axis aligned crystal oxide semiconductor), a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an nc-OS (nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor), and a pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like oxide semiconductor).
- OS amorphous-like oxide semiconductor) and amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the CAAC-OS has a c-axis orientation and a crystal structure in which a plurality of nanocrystals are connected in the ab plane direction and has a strain.
- the strain refers to a portion where the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region where the lattice arrangement is aligned and a region where another lattice arrangement is aligned in a region where a plurality of nanocrystals are connected.
- Nanocrystals are based on hexagons, but are not limited to regular hexagons and may be non-regular hexagons.
- a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon and a heptagon in the distortion.
- it is difficult to check a clear crystal grain boundary also referred to as a grain boundary
- the formation of crystal grain boundaries is suppressed by the distortion of the lattice arrangement. This is because the CAAC-OS can tolerate distortion due to the fact that the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction and the bond distance between atoms changes due to substitution of metal elements. Because.
- the CAAC-OS includes a layered crystal in which a layer containing indium and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as In layer) and a layer including elements M, zinc, and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as (M, Zn) layers) are stacked.
- In layer a layer containing indium and oxygen
- M, Zn elements M, zinc, and oxygen
- indium and the element M can be replaced with each other, and when the element M in the (M, Zn) layer is replaced with indium, it can also be expressed as an (In, M, Zn) layer. Further, when indium in the In layer is replaced with the element M, it can also be expressed as an (In, M) layer.
- CAAC-OS is a metal oxide with high crystallinity.
- CAAC-OS impurities and defects oxygen deficiency (V O: also referred to as oxygen vacancy), etc.) with little metal oxide It can be called a thing. Therefore, the physical properties of the metal oxide including a CAAC-OS are stable. Therefore, a metal oxide including a CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability.
- Nc-OS has periodicity in atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly a region of 1 nm to 3 nm).
- the nc-OS has no regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, orientation is not seen in the whole film. Therefore, the nc-OS may not be distinguished from an a-like OS or an amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on an analysis method.
- A-like OS is a metal oxide having a structure between nc-OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the a-like OS has a void or a low density region. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and the CAAC-OS.
- Oxide semiconductors have various structures and have different characteristics.
- the oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention may include two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS.
- a transistor with high field-effect mobility can be realized by using the metal oxide for a channel formation region of the transistor.
- a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
- the electrical conduction in the solid is hindered by a scattering source called a scattering center.
- a scattering source called a scattering center.
- lattice scattering and ionized impurity scattering are the main scattering centers.
- the carrier mobility is high.
- a metal oxide containing less oxygen than oxygen that satisfies the stoichiometric composition is considered to have a large amount of oxygen deficiency V 2 O.
- the atoms present around this oxygen vacancy are located in a distorted place rather than the essential state. There is a possibility that the distortion caused by this oxygen deficiency becomes the scattering center.
- excess oxygen exists in a free state in the metal compound becomes O ⁇ or O 2 ⁇ by receiving electrons. There is a possibility that excess oxygen that becomes O ⁇ or O 2 ⁇ becomes a scattering center.
- the carrier mobility is high when the metal oxide has an essential state containing oxygen that satisfies the stoichiometric composition.
- Indium-gallium-zinc oxide which is a kind of metal oxide containing indium, gallium, and zinc, has a large crystal structure because it tends to hardly grow in the atmosphere.
- a smaller crystal for example, the above-described nanocrystal
- a crystal of several mm or a crystal of several cm is more structurally stable than a crystal of several mm or a crystal of several cm. This is presumably because the strain energy is relaxed when the small crystals are connected to each other than when the large crystals are formed.
- a defect may be formed in order to relax strain energy in the region. Therefore, carrier mobility can be increased by reducing strain energy without forming defects in the region.
- a metal oxide with low carrier density is preferably used.
- the impurity concentration in the metal oxide film may be lowered and the defect level density may be lowered.
- a low impurity concentration and a low density of defect states are referred to as high purity intrinsic or substantially high purity intrinsic.
- the metal oxide has a carrier density of less than 8 ⁇ 10 11 / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 11 / cm 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 / cm 3 , and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 / What is necessary is just to be cm 3 or more.
- the trap level density may also be low.
- the charge trapped in the trap level of the metal oxide takes a long time to disappear, and may behave as if it were a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor including a metal oxide with a high trap state density in a channel formation region may have unstable electrical characteristics.
- Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, iron, nickel, silicon, and the like.
- the concentration of silicon and carbon in the metal oxide and the concentration of silicon and carbon in the vicinity of the interface with the metal oxide are 2 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the metal oxide contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal
- a defect level is formed and carriers may be generated. Therefore, a transistor in which a metal oxide containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal is used for a channel formation region is likely to be normally on. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the metal oxide.
- the concentration of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the metal oxide obtained by SIMS is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the nitrogen in the channel formation region is preferably reduced as much as possible.
- the nitrogen concentration in the metal oxide is less than 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less in SIMS, Preferably, it is 5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the metal oxide reacts with oxygen bonded to the metal atom to become water, so that oxygen vacancies may be formed. When hydrogen enters the oxygen vacancies, electrons serving as carriers may be generated. In addition, a part of hydrogen may be combined with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to generate electrons as carriers. Therefore, a transistor using a metal oxide containing hydrogen is likely to be normally on. For this reason, it is preferable that hydrogen in the metal oxide is reduced as much as possible.
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3. Less than 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 .
- the off-state current of the transistor can be reduced and stable electric characteristics can be imparted.
- FIGS. 4A to 13B (A) is a top view as viewed from the z-axis direction, and (B) is a cross-sectional view of a portion indicated by a one-dot chain line in A1-A2 in (A). is there. Further, (C) is a cross-sectional view of a portion indicated by a dashed line A3-A4 in (A).
- FIGS. 12D and 13D are enlarged cross-sectional views of a portion surrounded by an alternate long and short dash line in FIGS. 12B and 13B, respectively.
- a conductor 706 is formed over a base 720 having an insulating surface, and an insulating film 721 is formed so as to cover the conductor 706 (see FIG. 4).
- the conductor 706 can be formed by first forming a conductive film to be the conductor 706 and processing it using a lithography method.
- the method for forming the conductor 706 and the insulating film 721 is not limited thereto.
- An insulating film 721 may be formed over the base 720, and unnecessary portions of the insulating film 721 may be removed to form a groove or an opening, and the conductor 706 may be embedded in the groove or the opening.
- Such a method for forming a conductor may be called a damascene method (single damascene method, dual damascene method).
- the conductor 706 and the insulating film 721 are formed by a sputtering method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method, a pulsed laser deposition (PLD: Pulsed Laser Deposition). Or ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method or the like.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- PLD pulsed laser deposition
- ALD Atomic Layer Deposition
- the CVD method can be classified into a plasma CVD (PECVD: Plasma Enhanced CVD) method using plasma, a thermal CVD (TCVD: Thermal CVD) method using heat, a photo CVD (Photo CVD) method using light, and the like.
- PECVD Plasma Enhanced CVD
- TCVD Thermal CVD
- Photo CVD Photo CVD
- MCVD Metal CVD
- MOCVD Metal Organic CVD
- the plasma CVD method can obtain a high-quality film at a relatively low temperature.
- the thermal CVD method is a film formation method that can reduce plasma damage to an object to be processed because plasma is not used.
- a wiring, an electrode, an element (a transistor, a capacitor, or the like) included in the semiconductor device may be charged up by receiving electric charge from plasma.
- a wiring, an electrode, an element, or the like included in the semiconductor device may be destroyed by the accumulated charge.
- plasma damage during film formation does not occur, so that a film with few defects can be obtained.
- the ALD method is also a film forming method that can reduce plasma damage to the object to be processed.
- the ALD method does not cause plasma damage during film formation, a film with few defects can be obtained.
- the CVD method and the ALD method are film forming methods in which a film is formed by a reaction on the surface of an object to be processed, unlike a film forming method in which particles emitted from a target or the like are deposited. Therefore, it is a film forming method that is not easily affected by the shape of the object to be processed and has good step coverage.
- the ALD method has excellent step coverage and excellent thickness uniformity, and thus is suitable for covering the surface of an opening having a high aspect ratio.
- the ALD method since the ALD method has a relatively low film formation rate, it may be preferable to use it in combination with another film formation method such as a CVD method with a high film formation rate.
- the composition of the obtained film can be controlled by the flow rate ratio of the source gases.
- a film having an arbitrary composition can be formed depending on the flow rate ratio of the source gases.
- a film whose composition is continuously changed can be formed by changing the flow rate ratio of the source gas while forming the film.
- a resist is exposed through a photomask.
- a resist mask is formed by removing or leaving the exposed region using a developer.
- a conductor, a semiconductor, an insulator, or the like can be processed into a desired shape by etching through the resist mask.
- the resist mask may be formed by exposing the resist using KrF excimer laser light, ArF excimer laser light, EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) light, or the like.
- an immersion technique may be used in which exposure is performed by filling a liquid (for example, water) between the substrate and the projection lens.
- an electron beam or an ion beam may be used.
- the resist mask can be removed by dry etching such as ashing or wet etching.
- the resist mask can be removed by performing wet etching after dry etching or by performing dry etching after wet etching.
- a hard mask made of an insulator or a conductor may be used instead of the resist mask.
- an insulating film or a conductive film that serves as a hard mask material is formed over the conductive film, a resist mask is formed thereover, and the hard mask material is etched to form a hard mask having a desired shape. be able to.
- a dry etching method or a wet etching method can be used. Processing by the dry etching method is suitable for fine processing.
- a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) etching apparatus having parallel plate electrodes can be used as the dry etching apparatus.
- the capacitively coupled plasma etching apparatus having parallel plate electrodes may be configured to apply a high frequency power source to one of the parallel plate electrodes.
- a configuration in which a plurality of different high-frequency power sources are applied to one electrode of the parallel plate electrode may be employed.
- mold electrode may be sufficient.
- mold electrode may be sufficient.
- a dry etching apparatus having a high-density plasma source can be used.
- an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching apparatus can be used as the dry etching apparatus having a high-density plasma source.
- the etching treatment may be performed after removing the resist mask used for forming the hard mask, or may be performed while leaving the resist mask. In the latter case, the resist mask may disappear during etching.
- the hard mask may be removed by etching after the conductive film is etched.
- the material of the hard mask does not affect the subsequent process or can be used in the subsequent process, it is not always necessary to remove the hard mask.
- a conductive film containing a metal element is preferably formed by a sputtering method. Alternatively, it can be formed using a CVD method.
- the surface of the insulating film 721 is preferably subjected to planarization treatment as necessary.
- planarization treatment a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method or a reflow method can be used.
- conductive films 701A and insulating films 722A are alternately stacked over the conductor 706 and the insulating film 721.
- the conductive film 701A is formed over the insulating film 721 and the insulating film 722A is formed over the conductive film 701A; however, the order of formation is not limited to this.
- the insulating film 722A may be formed over the insulating film 721, and the conductive film 701A may be formed over the insulating film 722A.
- a CVD method can be used for forming the conductive film 701A and the insulating film 722A. Further, a sputtering method may be used.
- the number of stacked layers is not limited thereto. Depending on the required performance of the semiconductor device, five or more layers may be formed.
- the conductive film 701A and the insulating film 722A may be formed in 32 layers, 64 layers, 128 layers, or 200 layers or more, respectively.
- a conductive film 702A is formed over the top layer of the insulating film 722A.
- a mask 723 is formed over the conductive film 702A (see FIG. 5).
- the conductive film 702A can be formed using a method similar to that of the conductive film 701A and using a similar material. Note that the conductive film 702A may be formed by the same method as the conductive film 701A or may be formed by a different method. The conductive film 702A may be the same material as the conductive film 701A or a different material.
- the conductive film 702A, the conductive film 701A, and the insulating film 722A are processed to form stepwise conductive films 701B, 702B, and 722B as shown in FIG.
- etching of the conductive film 702A, the conductive film 701A, and the insulating film 722A and slimming of the mask 723 are alternately performed, whereby the step-shaped conductive film 701B, A conductive film 702B and an insulating film 722B can be formed.
- the mask 723 is reduced in both width and thickness to be a mask 723A (see FIG. 6).
- the insulating film 724 can be formed by a CVD method.
- the insulating film 724 is preferably planarized by a CMP method or a reflow method.
- a mask 725 is formed over the insulating film 724. By forming the mask 725 over the planarized insulating film 724, the accuracy of lithography is improved (see FIG. 7).
- the insulating film 724, the conductive film 702B, the conductive film 701B, the insulating film 722B, and the insulating film 721 are processed.
- a conductor 701 that functions as a gate of the memory transistor and is electrically connected to the word line and a conductor 702 that functions as a gate of the selection transistor are formed.
- the insulating film 722B becomes an insulator 722 by the processing (see FIG. 8).
- the insulator 726 can be formed by a CVD method or an ALD method. In particular, it is preferable to use the ALD method because a film having a uniform thickness can be formed even for a groove or opening having a large aspect ratio. Alternatively, the insulator 726 may be formed by a combination of the ALD method and the CVD method.
- the insulator 726 is preferably planarized by a CMP method or a reflow method.
- the insulator 726 may be polished until the surface of the insulating film 724 is exposed.
- the insulating film 724 and the insulator 726 may be polished together. In this case, the insulating film 724 is thin.
- the insulating film 724 is processed using a lithography method to form a first opening so that the conductor 701 is exposed.
- the first opening is formed for each conductor 701 formed in a step shape.
- an opening exposing the conductor 702 may be formed at the same time (see FIG. 9).
- a conductor 707 is formed so as to be embedded in the first opening.
- the conductor 707 can be formed by a CVD method or an ALD method. In particular, it is preferable to use the ALD method because a film having a uniform thickness can be formed even for a groove or opening having a large aspect ratio.
- the conductor 707 may be formed by combining the ALD method and the CVD method.
- the conductor 707 may have a stacked structure including a plurality of layers.
- the conductor 707 can be formed by forming a conductive film to be the conductor 707 over the insulating film 724 and inside the first opening, and removing an unnecessary conductive film using CMP or the like.
- the insulating film 724, the conductor 702, the conductor 701, the insulator 722, and the insulating film 721 are processed by a lithography method, so that a second opening is formed so as to expose the conductor 706 (FIG. 10).
- an insulating film 703A to be the insulator 703 is formed over the insulating film 724 and the conductor 707 and inside the second opening (see FIG. 11).
- the insulating film 703A may be formed by sequentially stacking an insulating film to be the insulator 703a, an insulating film to be the insulator 703b, and an insulating film to be the insulator 703c.
- the insulating film 703A can be formed by a CVD method or an ALD method. In particular, it is preferable to use the ALD method because a film having a uniform thickness can be formed even for a groove or opening having a large aspect ratio.
- the insulating film 703A may be formed by a combination of the ALD method and the CVD method.
- the insulating film to be the insulator 703a, the insulating film to be the insulator 703b, and the insulating film to be the insulator 703c may be formed using the same film formation device or different film formation devices. Note that the insulating film to be the insulator 703c is preferably formed to be thinner than the insulating film to be the insulator 703a so that the insulator 703c is thinner than the insulator 703a.
- the insulating film 703A formed on the bottom of the second opening is removed to obtain the insulator 703.
- anisotropic etching is preferably used for removal of the insulating film 703A.
- the insulator 703 is provided only on the sidewall of the second opening (see FIG. 12).
- FIG. 12D is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by an alternate long and short dash line in FIG.
- a material 727 also referred to as a sacrificial layer
- the insulator 703 positioned in the horizontal direction (xy direction) of the conductor 702 can be the insulator 703a alone.
- the gate insulating films of the selection transistors SST and SDT are configured by the insulator 703a.
- an oxide 704 is formed inside the second opening.
- the oxide 704 is unnecessary because the oxide to be the oxide 704a and the oxide to be the oxide 704b are sequentially formed over the insulating film 724, the conductor 707, the insulator 703, and inside the second opening.
- the oxide can be formed by removal using a CMP method or the like (see FIG. 13).
- FIG. 13D is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by an alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 13B.
- FIG. 13D illustrates an example in which the oxide 704 has a two-layer structure of the oxide 704a and the oxide 704b; however, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the oxide 704 may have a three-layer structure of the oxide 704a, the oxide 704b, and the oxide 704c, or a stacked structure of four or more layers.
- the oxide 704 can be formed by a CVD method, an ALD method, or a sputtering method. In particular, it is preferable to use the ALD method because a film having a uniform thickness can be formed even for a groove or opening having a large aspect ratio. Alternatively, the oxide 704 may be formed by a combination of the ALD method and the CVD method.
- the oxide to be the oxide 704a, the oxide to be the oxide 704b, and the oxide to be the oxide 704c may be formed using the same film formation apparatus or different film formation apparatuses.
- the oxide 704 has a two-layer structure of the oxide 704a and the oxide 704b
- the oxide 704 includes three layers of the oxide 704a, the oxide 704b, and the oxide 704c inside the oxide 704b.
- an insulator 711 as illustrated in FIG. 3B may be formed inside the oxide 704c.
- the insulator 711 can be formed using a material that supplies oxygen to the oxide 704 or a material that supplies hydrogen in accordance with characteristics required for a memory transistor or a semiconductor device including the memory transistor.
- the oxide 704 is formed so as to be in contact with the conductor 706.
- a metal compound layer including a metal element included in the conductor 706 and a component of the oxide 704 is formed at the interface between the conductor 706 and the oxide 704. There is.
- the formation of the metal compound is preferable because contact resistance between the conductor 706 and the oxide 704 is reduced.
- the conductor 706 may absorb oxygen contained in the region 728 of the oxide 704. At this time, the resistance of the oxide 704 in the vicinity of the interface between the conductor 706 and the oxide 704 is reduced, and the contact resistance between the conductor 706 and the oxide 704 is reduced, which is preferable.
- the resistance of the oxide 704 is further reduced, and the contact resistance between the conductor 706 and the oxide 704 is further reduced.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing nitrogen at 200 ° C. to 500 ° C., preferably 300 ° C. to 400 ° C.
- the conductor 705 and the like may be formed according to the circuit configuration.
- a memory cell array can be manufactured.
- the memory cell array includes four layers of memory transistors and four memory strings, but is not limited thereto. Five or more layers of memory transistors may be included. Five or more memory strings may be included.
- a memory cell array having 32, 64, and 128 memory transistors can be manufactured.
- a memory cell array having 200 or more memory transistors can be manufactured.
- the memory cell array By manufacturing the memory cell array as described above, a plurality of layers of memory transistors can be manufactured in a lump without forming a pattern for manufacturing a memory transistor for each layer. Furthermore, when a memory cell array is manufactured by the above method, the number of memory transistor pattern formation and etching processes does not increase even if the number of memory transistor layers is increased. In this manner, the process of manufacturing the memory cell array can be shortened, so that a highly productive semiconductor device can be provided.
- FIG. 14A illustrates a configuration example of a three-dimensional NAND nonvolatile memory device (3D NAND).
- a memory device 100 illustrated in FIG. 14A includes a control circuit 105, a memory cell array 110, and a peripheral circuit.
- the control circuit 105 comprehensively controls the entire storage device 100 to write data and read data.
- the control circuit 105 processes an external command signal and generates a control signal for the peripheral circuit.
- peripheral circuits a row decoder 121, a row driver 122, a sense amplifier 123, a source line driver 124, and an input / output circuit 125 are provided.
- the memory cell array 110 has a plurality of memory strings 112.
- FIG. 14B shows a circuit configuration example of the memory string 112.
- the selection transistor SST, the memory transistors MT1 to MT2k (k is an integer of 1 or more), and the selection transistor SDT are electrically connected in series between the bit line BL and the source line SL.
- the memory transistors MT1 to MT2k may be collectively referred to as a memory transistor MT. The same applies to other elements.
- the selection transistors SST and SDT and the memory transistors MT1 to MT2k are transistors each having a channel formed of a metal oxide.
- the memory transistor MT includes a charge storage layer and constitutes a nonvolatile memory cell.
- the gates of the selection transistors SST and SDT are electrically connected to selection gate lines SGL and DGL, respectively.
- the gates of the memory transistors MT1 to MT2k are electrically connected to the word lines WL1 to WL2k, respectively.
- the bit line BL extends in the column direction, and the select gate lines SGL and DGL and the word line WL extend in the row direction.
- the input / output circuit 125 temporarily holds write data to the memory cell array 110, temporarily holds data read from the memory cell array 110, and the like.
- the source line driver 124 drives the source line SL.
- the bit line BL is electrically connected to the sense amplifier 123.
- the sense amplifier 123 detects and amplifies the voltage read from the memory string 112 to the bit line BL when reading data. In writing data, a voltage corresponding to the write data is input to the bit line BL.
- the row decoder 121 decodes address data input from the outside and selects a row to be accessed.
- the row driver 122 inputs voltages necessary for writing, reading, and erasing data to the selection signal lines DGL and SGL and the word line WL according to the decoding result of the row decoder 121.
- FIG. 15 to 17 show examples of the three-dimensional stacked structure of the memory cell array 110.
- FIG. FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically illustrating a three-dimensional structure example of the memory cell array 110 with a circuit diagram.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a three-dimensional structure of the memory cell array 110.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a three-dimensional structure of a connection portion between the word line WL and the conductor 701.
- the memory cell array 110 is provided by being stacked in a region where the sense amplifier 123 is formed. Thereby, the layout area of the storage device 100 can be reduced.
- 18A to 18C show an example in which the memory string 112 includes memory transistors MT1 to MT8 as an example, but the number of memory transistors MT is not limited to this.
- ⁇ Erase operation> When writing data to the memory transistor MT, it is preferable to erase the data before the writing operation.
- the data erasing operation may be referred to as a reset operation.
- the erase operation is performed, for example, by sequentially selecting the memory transistors MT from which data is to be erased. First, a low potential (a potential for extracting electrons accumulated in the charge storage layer, for example, ⁇ 18 V) is applied to the word line WL connected to the gate of the memory transistor MT whose data is to be erased, and a word other than the word line WL is applied. A positive potential (a potential at which the transistor becomes conductive, for example, 3 V) is applied to the line WL.
- a low potential a potential for extracting electrons accumulated in the charge storage layer, for example, ⁇ 18 V
- a positive potential (a potential at which the transistor becomes conductive, for example, 3 V) is applied to the line WL.
- a low potential is applied to the word line WL1 to make the memory transistor MT1 nonconductive
- a positive potential is applied to the word lines WL2 to WL8 to make the memory transistors MT2 to MT8 conductive.
- the data of the memory transistor MT1 can be erased by applying the erase potential VE to the source line SL and the bit line BL to turn on the selection transistor SDT and the selection transistor SST.
- the word lines WL2 to WL8 are sequentially selected, a low potential is applied to the selected word line WL, and a positive potential is applied to the other word lines WL, thereby erasing the data in the memory transistors MT1 to MT8. can do.
- the erase operation reset operation
- electrons accumulated in the charge storage layers of the memory transistors MT1 to MT8 can be extracted.
- the memory transistors MT1 to MT8 are in a state of holding data “1”.
- the erasing operation is not necessarily performed on all the memory transistors MT, and only the memory transistor MT that needs to be erased may be selected to erase the data.
- the erase operation may be performed only on the memory transistor MT in which the data “0” is written.
- the erase operation is not limited to the above method.
- data can be erased for each memory string 112 (also referred to as a block).
- a low potential for example, 0 V
- a high potential for example, +18 V
- electrons stored in the charge storage layers of the memory transistors MT1 to MT8 can be simultaneously extracted.
- the data of the memory transistor MT that is not rewritten is preferably stored in another memory area before the block erase operation.
- Data write operation can be performed for each page described above.
- a writing potential for example, 15 V
- a positive potential a potential at which a transistor is conductive, for example, 3 V
- a write potential is first applied to the word line WL1, and a positive potential is applied to the word lines WL2 to WL8.
- the selection transistor SST is turned off, and a positive potential is applied to the selection transistor SDT to make it conductive. By doing so, data corresponding to the potential of the bit line BL is written to the memory transistor MT1.
- the potential of the bit line BL is low (for example, 0 V)
- electrons are injected into the charge storage layer of the memory transistor MT1 due to a large potential difference from the write potential applied to the word line WL1.
- the selection transistor SDT and the bit line BL are both positive
- the selection transistor SDT is nonconductive.
- the memory transistor MT is in an electrically floating state, electrons are not injected into the charge storage layer of the memory transistor MT1. That is, when a low potential is applied to the bit line BL, data “0” is written to the memory transistor MT1, and when a positive potential is applied, the data of the memory transistor MT1 remains “1”.
- multi-value data can be written to the memory transistor MT.
- the amount of charge injected into the charge storage layer of the memory transistor may be controlled by the potential of the bit line BL or the like and the time for which the potential is applied.
- Data read operation can also be performed for each page.
- a positive potential (a potential at which a transistor becomes conductive, for example, 3 V) is applied to a word line of a page where reading is performed and a page where reading is not performed.
- a positive potential is applied to the word lines WL1 to WL8.
- the selection transistor SDT and the selection transistor SST are turned on.
- a read potential (for example, 1 V) is applied to the bit line BL
- a low potential for example, 0 V
- the sense amplifier 123 detects and amplifies the potential of the bit line BL. As described above, the data in the memory string 112 can be read.
- the data can be read in page units.
- the semiconductor device described in the above embodiment is, for example, a storage device of various electronic devices (for example, an information terminal, a computer, a smartphone, an electronic book terminal, a digital camera (including a video camera), a recording / playback device, a navigation system, and the like).
- the computer includes a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, and a large computer such as a server system.
- the semiconductor device described in any of the above embodiments is applied to various types of removable storage devices such as a memory card (for example, an SD card), a USB memory, and an SSD (solid state drive).
- FIG. 19 schematically shows some configuration examples of the removable storage device.
- the semiconductor device described in any of the above embodiments is processed into a packaged memory chip and used for various storage devices and removable memories.
- FIG. 19A is a schematic diagram of a USB memory.
- the USB memory 1100 includes a housing 1101, a cap 1102, a USB connector 1103, and a substrate 1104.
- the substrate 1104 is housed in the housing 1101.
- a memory chip 1105 and a controller chip 1106 are attached to the substrate 1104.
- the semiconductor device described in any of the above embodiments can be incorporated in the memory chip 1105 or the like of the substrate 1104.
- FIG. 19 (B) is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the SD card
- FIG. 19 (C) is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the SD card.
- the SD card 1110 includes a housing 1111, a connector 1112, and a substrate 1113.
- the substrate 1113 is housed in the housing 1111.
- a memory chip 1114 and a controller chip 1115 are attached to the substrate 1113.
- a wireless chip having a wireless communication function may be provided on the substrate 1113.
- data can be read from and written to the memory chip 1114 by wireless communication between the host device and the SD card 1110.
- the semiconductor device described in any of the above embodiments can be incorporated in the memory chip 1114 of the substrate 1113 or the like.
- FIG. 19D is a schematic diagram of the external appearance of the SSD
- FIG. 19E is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the SSD.
- the SSD 1150 includes a housing 1151, a connector 1152, and a substrate 1153.
- the substrate 1153 is housed in the housing 1151.
- a memory chip 1154, a memory chip 1155, and a controller chip 1156 are attached to the substrate 1153.
- the memory chip 1155 is a work memory of the controller chip 1156.
- a DRAM chip may be used.
- the semiconductor device described in any of the above embodiments can be incorporated in the memory chip 1154 or the like of the substrate 1153.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the AI system 4041.
- the AI system 4041 includes a calculation unit 4010, a control unit 4020, and an input / output unit 4030.
- the calculation unit 4010 includes an analog calculation circuit 4011, a DOSRAM 4012, a NOSRAM 4013, an FPGA 4014, and a 3D-NAND 4015.
- DOSRAM (registered trademark) is an abbreviation of “Dynamic Oxide Semiconductor RAM” and refers to a RAM having 1T (transistor) 1C (capacitance) type memory cells.
- NOSRAM Nonvolatile Oxide Semiconductor RAM
- DOSRAM and NOSRAM are memories that utilize a low off-state current of a transistor using an oxide as a semiconductor (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor).
- OS transistor oxide as a semiconductor
- a memory device using an OS transistor such as NOSRAM may be referred to as an OS memory.
- the control unit 4020 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 4021, a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) 4022, a PLL (Phase Locked Loop) 4023, and a SRAM (Static Random Access MemoryPROM 40 Memory, Memory Memory 4024).
- the input / output unit 4030 includes an external storage control circuit 4031, an audio codec 4032, a video codec 4033, a general-purpose input / output module 4034, and a communication module 4035.
- the calculation unit 4010 can execute learning or inference using a neural network.
- the analog operation circuit 4011 has an A / D (analog / digital) conversion circuit, a D / A (digital / analog) conversion circuit, and a product-sum operation circuit.
- the analog arithmetic circuit 4011 is preferably formed using an OS transistor.
- An analog operation circuit 4011 using an OS transistor has an analog memory, and can perform a product-sum operation necessary for learning or inference with low power consumption.
- the DOSRAM 4012 is a DRAM formed using an OS transistor, and the DOSRAM 4012 is a memory that temporarily stores digital data sent from the CPU 4021.
- the DOSRAM 4012 includes a memory cell including an OS transistor and a reading circuit portion including a Si transistor. Since the memory cell and the reading circuit portion can be provided in different stacked layers, the DOSRAM 4012 can reduce the entire circuit area.
- Calculating using a neural network may have more than 1000 input data.
- the SRAM has a limited circuit area and has a small storage capacity, so the input data must be stored in small portions.
- the DOSRAM 4012 can arrange memory cells highly integrated even with a limited circuit area, and has a larger storage capacity than an SRAM. Therefore, the DOSRAM 4012 can store the input data efficiently.
- NOSRAM 4013 is a non-volatile memory using an OS transistor.
- the NOSRAM 4013 consumes less power when writing data than other non-volatile memories such as flash memory, ReRAM (Resistive Random Access Memory), and MRAM (Magnetorescent Random Access Memory). Further, unlike the flash memory and the ReRAM, the element is not deteriorated when data is written, and the number of times data can be written is not limited.
- the NOSRAM 4013 can store multi-value data of 2 bits or more in addition to 1-bit binary data.
- the NOSRAM 4013 stores multi-value data, so that the memory cell area per bit can be reduced.
- the NOSRAM 4013 can store analog data in addition to digital data. Therefore, the analog arithmetic circuit 4011 can also use the NOSRAM 4013 as an analog memory. Since the NOSRAM 4013 can store analog data as it is, no D / A conversion circuit or A / D conversion circuit is required. Therefore, the NOSRAM 4013 can reduce the area of the peripheral circuit.
- the analog data refers to data having a resolution of 3 bits (8 values) or more.
- the multi-value data described above may be included in the analog data.
- Data and parameters used for the calculation of the neural network can be temporarily stored in the NOSRAM 4013.
- the data and parameters may be stored in the memory provided outside the AI system 4041 via the CPU 4021.
- the data and parameters provided by the internal NOSRAM 4013 are faster and consume less power. Can be stored. Further, since the bit line of the NOSRAM 4013 can be made longer than that of the DOSRAM 4012, the storage capacity can be increased.
- the FPGA 4014 is an FPGA using an OS transistor.
- the AI system 4041 uses a FPGA 4014, which will be described later in hardware, a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recursive neural network (RNN), a self-encoder, a deep Boltzmann machine (DBM).
- a neural network connection such as a deep belief network (DBN), can be constructed. By configuring the above-mentioned neural network connection with hardware, it can be executed at higher speed.
- FPGA 4014 is an FPGA having an OS transistor.
- the OS-FPGA can reduce the area of the memory compared to the FPGA configured with SRAM. Therefore, even if a context switching function is added, the area increase is small.
- the OS-FPGA can transmit data and parameters at high speed by boosting.
- 3D-NAND 4015 is a non-volatile memory using an oxide semiconductor.
- the 3D-NAND 4015 is a highly integrated memory and has a large storage capacity per unit area.
- the 3D-NAND 4015 can store multi-value data of 2 bits or more in addition to 1-bit binary data.
- the 3D-NAND 4015 stores multi-value data, whereby the memory cell area per bit can be further reduced.
- the 3D-NAND 4015 for example, the semiconductor device described in the above embodiment can be used.
- the area occupied by the memory cell can be reduced, so that the 3D-NAND 4015 can be further highly integrated. Therefore, the storage capacity per unit area of the 3D-NAND 4015 can be increased.
- the analog arithmetic circuit 4011, the DOSRAM 4012, the NOSRAM 4013, and the FPGA 4014 can be provided on one die (chip). Therefore, the AI system 4041 can execute neural network calculations at high speed and with low power consumption.
- the analog arithmetic circuit 4011, the DOSRAM 4012, the NOSRAM 4013, and the FPGA 4014 can be manufactured through the same manufacturing process. Therefore, the AI system 4041 can be manufactured at low cost.
- the arithmetic unit 4010 need not have all of the DOSRAM 4012, the NOSRAM 4013, and the FPGA 4014.
- One or more of the DOSRAM 4012, the NOSRAM 4013, and the FPGA 4014 may be selected and provided depending on the problem that the AI system 4041 wants to solve.
- the AI system 4041 includes a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recursive neural network (RNN), a self-encoder, a deep Boltzmann machine (DBM), a deep belief network (DBM). DBN) etc. can be performed.
- the PROM 4025 can store a program for executing at least one of these methods. A part or all of the program may be stored in the NOSRAM 4013 or the 3D-NAND 4015.
- the 3D-NAND 4015 is a highly integrated memory and has a large storage capacity per unit area, so that a large-capacity program can be stored.
- the AI system 4041 preferably includes a GPU 4022.
- the AI system 4041 can execute a product-sum operation that is rate-limiting among the product-sum operations used in learning and inference by the arithmetic unit 4010, and can execute other product-sum operations by the GPU 4022. By doing so, learning and inference can be performed at high speed.
- the power supply circuit 4027 not only generates a low power supply potential for a logic circuit but also generates a potential for analog operation.
- the power supply circuit 4027 may use an OS memory.
- the power supply circuit 4027 can reduce power consumption by storing the reference potential in the OS memory.
- the PMU 4028 has a function of temporarily turning off the power supply of the AI system 4041.
- CPU 4021 and GPU 4022 preferably have OS memory as a register. Since the CPU 4021 and the GPU 4022 have the OS memory, even if the power supply is turned off, the data (logical value) can be continuously held in the OS memory. As a result, the AI system 4041 can save power.
- the PLL 4023 has a function of generating a clock.
- the AI system 4041 operates based on the clock generated by the PLL 4023.
- the PLL 4023 preferably has an OS memory. Since the PLL 4023 has an OS memory, it can hold an analog potential for controlling the clock oscillation period.
- the AI system 4041 may store data in an external memory such as a DRAM. Therefore, the AI system 4041 preferably includes a memory controller 4026 that functions as an interface with an external DRAM.
- the memory controller 4026 is preferably arranged near the CPU 4021 or the GPU 4022. By doing so, data can be exchanged at high speed.
- Part or all of the circuit shown in the control unit 4020 can be formed on the same die as the arithmetic unit 4010. By doing so, the AI system 4041 can execute the calculation of the neural network at high speed and with low power consumption.
- the AI system 4041 preferably includes an external storage control circuit 4031 that functions as an interface with an external storage device.
- the AI system 4041 has an audio codec 4032 and a video codec 4033.
- the audio codec 4032 performs encoding (encoding) and decoding (decoding) of audio data
- the video codec 4033 encodes and decodes video data.
- the AI system 4041 can perform learning or inference using data obtained from an external sensor. Therefore, the AI system 4041 has a general-purpose input / output module 4034.
- the general-purpose input / output module 4034 includes, for example, USB (Universal Serial Bus) and I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit).
- the AI system 4041 can perform learning or inference using data obtained via the Internet. Therefore, the AI system 4041 preferably includes a communication module 4035.
- the analog arithmetic circuit 4011 may use a multi-value flash memory as an analog memory.
- the flash memory has a limited number of rewritable times.
- it is very difficult to form a multi-level flash memory in an embedded manner an arithmetic circuit and a memory are formed on the same die.
- the analog arithmetic circuit 4011 may use ReRAM as an analog memory.
- ReRAM has a limited number of rewritable times and has a problem in terms of storage accuracy.
- circuit design for separating data writing and reading becomes complicated.
- analog arithmetic circuit 4011 may use MRAM as an analog memory.
- MRAM has a low resistance change rate and has a problem in terms of storage accuracy.
- the analog arithmetic circuit 4011 preferably uses an OS memory as an analog memory.
- FIG. 21A shows an AI system 4041A in which the AI systems 4041 described in FIG. 20 are arranged in parallel and signals can be transmitted and received between the systems via a bus line.
- the AI system 4041A illustrated in FIG. 21A includes a plurality of AI systems 4041_1 to 4041_n (n is a natural number).
- the AI systems 4041_1 to 4041_n are connected to each other via a bus line 4098.
- FIG. 21B shows an AI system 4041B in which the AI system 4041 described in FIG. 20 is arranged in parallel as in FIG. 21A, and signals can be transmitted and received between systems via a network. is there.
- the AI system 4041B illustrated in FIG. 21B includes a plurality of AI systems 4041_1 to 4041_n.
- the AI systems 4041_1 to 4041_n are connected to each other via a network 4099.
- the network 4099 may have a configuration in which a communication module is provided in each of the AI system 4041_1 to the AI system 4041_n to perform wireless or wired communication.
- the communication module can communicate via an antenna.
- the Internet Intranet, Extranet, PAN (Personal Area Network), LAN (Local Area Network), MAN (Campure Area Network, MAN (MetropoliAwareNetwork), MAN (MetropoliANetwork), which are the foundations of the World Wide Web (WWW).
- Each AI system can be connected to a computer network such as Network) or GAN (Global Area Network) to perform communication.
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communication: registered trademark
- EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolvement, CDMA Emulsion, CDMA Emulsion
- Communication standards such as W-CDMA (registered trademark), or specifications standardized by IEEE such as Wi-Fi (registered trademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark), ZigBee (registered trademark) can be used.
- analog signals obtained by an external sensor or the like can be processed by separate AI systems.
- information such as electroencephalogram, pulse, blood pressure, body temperature, etc., such as biological information
- various sensors such as an electroencephalogram sensor, a pulse wave sensor, a blood pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor
- analog signals can be processed by separate AI systems. it can.
- signal processing or learning in each separate AI system the amount of information processing per AI system can be reduced. Therefore, signal processing or learning can be performed with a smaller amount of calculation. As a result, recognition accuracy can be increased. From the information obtained by each AI system, it can be expected that changes in biological information that change in a complex manner can be instantaneously and integratedly grasped.
- the AI system described in the above embodiment includes a digital processing circuit formed of a Si transistor such as a CPU, an analog arithmetic circuit using an OS transistor, an OS memory such as a 3D-NAND, OS-FPGA, DOSRAM, and NOSRAM. Can be integrated on a die.
- a digital processing circuit formed of a Si transistor such as a CPU, an analog arithmetic circuit using an OS transistor, an OS memory such as a 3D-NAND, OS-FPGA, DOSRAM, and NOSRAM.
- FIG. 22 shows an example of an IC incorporating an AI system.
- An AI system IC 7000 illustrated in FIG. 22 includes a lead 7001 and a circuit portion 7003.
- the AI system IC 7000 is mounted on a printed circuit board 7002, for example.
- a plurality of such IC chips are combined and each is electrically connected on the printed circuit board 7002 to complete a substrate on which electronic components are mounted (a mounting substrate 7004).
- various circuits described in the above embodiment modes are provided in one die.
- the circuit portion 7003 has a stacked structure and is roughly classified into a Si transistor layer 7031, a wiring layer 7032, and an OS transistor layer 7033. Since the OS transistor layer 7033 can be stacked over the Si transistor layer 7031, the AI system IC 7000 can be easily downsized.
- QFP Quad Flat Package
- Digital processing circuits such as CPUs, analog arithmetic circuits using OS transistors, OS memories such as 3D-NANDs, OS-FPGAs and DOSRAMs, and NOSRAMs all have Si transistor layers 7031, wiring layers 7032 and OS transistor layers 7033 Can be formed. That is, the elements constituting the AI system can be formed by the same manufacturing process. Therefore, the IC shown in this embodiment mode does not need to increase the manufacturing process even if the number of elements constituting the IC is increased, and the AI system can be incorporated at low cost.
- FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 illustrate specific examples of electronic devices using a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a robot 2000 shown in FIG. 23A includes a computing device 2001, a sensor 2002, a light 2003, a lift 2004, a drive unit 2005, and a moving mechanism 2011, and can take still images and moving images while moving.
- a robot can be used as a security system or a monitoring system.
- the robot 2000 may further include a communication unit 2006, a speaker 2007, a microphone 2008, a display unit 2009, a light emitting unit 2010, and the like.
- the semiconductor device can be used for the arithmetic device 2001.
- an IC in which the AI system according to one embodiment of the present invention is incorporated can be used.
- the sensor 2002 has a function as a camera that captures the surroundings of the robot 2000.
- the light 2003 can be used as a light when the sensor 2002 captures the surroundings of the robot 2000. Note that when the sensor 2002 captures a still image, the light 2003 preferably functions as a flashlight.
- the sensor 2002 is connected to the robot main body via a lift 2004.
- the height of the sensor 2002 can be adjusted by a lift 2004.
- the lift 2004 is preferably telescopic.
- the lift 2004 may be a foldable type constituted by a plurality of booms.
- the robot 2000 is provided with a driving unit 2005 and a moving mechanism 2011 connected to the driving unit 2005, a photographing range by the sensor 2002, that is, a monitoring range is widened, which is preferable.
- the communication unit 2006 can transmit information captured by the sensor 2002 to an administrator or a server owned by the administrator.
- the information captured by the sensor 2002 is analyzed by the arithmetic unit 2001 and it is determined that the emergency state such as a crime, an accident, or a fire, the security company, the police, the fire department, the medical institution, the owner of the land or building You can contact me.
- the speaker 2007 can transmit information to the surroundings of the robot, such as warning a criminal, asking an injured person or a suddenly ill person, and guiding evacuation.
- the microphone 2008 can be used to acquire sound around the robot 2000.
- the robot 2000 can have a function as a telephone by being used in combination with the communication unit 2006 and the speaker 2007. A person around the robot 2000 can talk with an administrator or any person.
- the display unit 2009 can display arbitrary information. In case of an emergency, disaster information and evacuation routes can be displayed. Further, when used in combination with the communication unit 2006, the speaker 2007, and the microphone 2008, the robot 2000 can have a function as a videophone. A person around the robot 2000 can talk with an administrator or any person while viewing the display unit 2009.
- the light emitting unit 2010 can indicate the traveling direction or stop state of the robot 2000 with characters or light. Moreover, you may show that it is an emergency by a character and light.
- FIG. 23B is a block diagram showing a configuration of the robot 2000.
- the arithmetic device 2001 performs lighting 2003 on / off and brightness adjustment based on information such as an image obtained by the sensor 2002. Further, the height of the lift 2004 is adjusted, or the drive unit 2005 is controlled, and the robot 2000 and the sensor 2002 are aligned. In addition, the operation status of the drive unit 2005 can be indicated using the light emitting unit 2010. Further, by using the communication unit 2006, information around the robot 2000 obtained from the sensor 2002 and the microphone 2008 can be transmitted to the manager or a server owned by the manager. Further, information can be transmitted to the surroundings of the robot 2000 using the speaker 2007 and the display unit 2009 based on the judgment of the arithmetic device 2001 or the administrator.
- the light 2003 may not be provided.
- an image sensor using selenium (Se) as a light receiving portion can be used.
- Such a robot 2000 can be used for security of commercial facilities and offices.
- Information obtained from the sensor 2002 or the microphone 2008 is stored in the arithmetic device 2001 or a server.
- the stored information is analyzed by the AI system to determine whether there is an abnormality such as a lost or damaged article, a suspicious person invading, or a disaster such as a fire.
- Deep learning may be used for information analysis. If it is determined that an abnormality has occurred, the robot 2000 contacts the administrator and transmits information to the surroundings, and records the surrounding conditions.
- the robot 2000 may be used for monitoring the growth status of crops.
- the robot 2000 installed in the rice field or the field monitors the leaves, or the shape, size, and color of the crop by using the sensor 2002, and determines whether the disease is ill or the pest is not attached. Since the robot 2000 is provided with the moving mechanism 2011, it is possible to monitor the growth status of a wide range of agricultural products. Further, since the robot 2004 is provided with a lift 2004, it is possible to monitor leaves and fruits of any height regardless of the type of crops and the growth situation. The monitoring result is sent to the producer using the communication means 2006, and the producer can determine the type and amount of fertilizer and pesticide necessary for the crop and the application time.
- the monitoring result may be analyzed by the AI system using the arithmetic device 2001, and the type, amount, and application time of the fertilizer and pesticide necessary for the crop may be determined and notified to the producer. Deep learning may be used for analyzing the monitoring result.
- FIG. 24A shows a sorting system 3000 using a robot 3001.
- the robot 3001 includes an arithmetic device 3002, a boom 3003, and an arm 3004.
- the robot 3001 may include a wired or wireless communication unit 3011.
- the sorting system 3000 includes a housing 3008 having a sensor 3009.
- the housing 3008 has a communication unit 3010.
- the housing 3008 is provided on the sorting system 3000 or the ceiling, wall, and beam (none of which are shown) of the sorting work area.
- the housing 3008 may be provided in the robot 3001.
- the boom 3003 or the arm 3004 may be provided.
- the housing 3008 is provided in the robot 3001, the information obtained by the sensor 3009 may be sent to the arithmetic device 3002 and processed without passing through the communication unit 3010 and the communication unit 3011.
- the boom 3003 is movable, and the arm 3004 can be disposed at a desired position.
- the arm 3004 may be a telescopic type.
- the arm 3004 may be moved by the boom 3003 after the arm placed on the desired article 3007 is extended, the desired article 3007 is gripped, and the arm 3004 is contracted.
- the sorting system 3000 can move the article 3007 in the container 3005 to the container 3006.
- the container 3005 and the container 3006 may have the same shape or different shapes.
- a plurality of articles 3007 placed in one container 3005 may be distributed and moved to a plurality of containers 3006.
- a container, a cardboard box, a box for packing products, a case, a film or a bag, a food storage bat, a lunch box, or the like is used.
- at least one of the container 3005 and the container 3006 may be a cooking utensil such as a pan or a frying pan.
- the semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the arithmetic device 3002.
- an IC in which the AI system according to one embodiment of the present invention is incorporated can be used.
- the sensor 3009 reads the position of the container 3005, the position of the container 3006, the state of the container 3005, and the state of the article 3007 in the container 3005, and transmits information to the arithmetic device 3002 using the communication unit 3010.
- Information is transmitted wirelessly or by wire. Further, the information may be transmitted by wire without using the communication unit 3010.
- the arithmetic device 3002 analyzes the transmitted information.
- the state of the article 3007 indicates the shape, number, overlap of the articles 3007, and the like.
- the arithmetic device 3002 performs analysis based on information from the sensor 3009 and derives detailed information of the article 3007.
- the three-dimensional shape and hardness (softness) of the article 3007 are derived. Further, the shape of the arm 3004 can be changed based on the three-dimensional shape and hardness (softness) of the article 3007.
- Deep learning may be used for information analysis.
- FIG. 24B illustrates an arm that can move the pair of plates 3021 in the horizontal direction and sandwich the article 3007.
- the article 3007 can be sandwiched by the pair of plates 3021 moving in the horizontal direction toward the center.
- Such an arm can grasp the article 3007 by a surface and is suitable for grasping the article 3007 having a columnar shape such as a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped.
- FIG. 24C illustrates an arm in which a plurality of bars 3022 can move in the horizontal direction and can sandwich the article 3007.
- the articles 3007 can be sandwiched by the plurality of bars 3022 moving in the horizontal direction toward the center.
- Such an arm can grasp the article 3007 with a point, and is suitable for grasping the article 3007 having a spherical shape or when the shape of the article 3007 is not constant, that is, an irregular article 3007.
- the number of bars 3022 is four in FIG. 24C, this embodiment is not limited to this. There may be three bars 3022 or five or more bars.
- FIG. 24D illustrates an arm that can sandwich the article 3007 by rotating a pair of plates 3023 around a common axis so as to approach each other.
- Such an arm can grasp the article 3007 by a surface and is suitable for grasping the article 3007 having a thin film shape such as paper or film.
- 24E illustrates an arm that can sandwich an article 3007 by rotating a pair of hook-shaped plates 3024 around a common axis so that the tips of each other approach each other.
- Such an arm can catch the article 3007 with dots or lines, and is suitable for grasping an article 3007 having a thin film shape, such as paper or film, or an article 3007 having a smaller granular shape.
- a spatula 3025 may be attached to the tip of the arm, and an article 3007 having a smaller granular shape may be scooped.
- FIGS. 24A to 24F are examples, and one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to these shapes.
- the description of the use of each arm is also an example, and one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to these descriptions.
- the robot 3001 moves the boom 3003 based on a signal from the arithmetic device 3002, and moves the arm 3004 onto a desired article 3007 in the container 3005.
- the arm 3004 is extended and the tip of the arm 3004 is lowered to the height of the article 3007.
- the tip of the arm is moved and the desired article 3007 is gripped. While holding the article 3007, the arm is contracted.
- the boom 3003 is moved again, and the arm 3004 is moved to a desired position of the container 3006.
- the arm 3004 may be rotated in order to adjust the angle of the article 3007 with respect to the container 3006.
- the arm 3004 is extended, the article 3007 is placed in the container 3006, and the arm 3004 releases the article 3007.
- the robot 3001 can move the article 3007 from the container 3005 to the container 3006.
- the article 3007 can be reliably moved regardless of the shape and rigidity of the article 3007.
- the article 3007 include not only an article packed in a cube or rectangular parallelepiped box, or a box or case of any shape, but also a molded processed food such as an egg, a hamburger or a croquette, a potato or a tomato, etc. Examples include regular foods such as vegetables, machine parts such as screws and nuts, and thin films such as paper and film.
- the sorting system 3000 shown in this embodiment can change the shape of the arm in consideration of the shape and rigidity of the article 3007
- the article 3007 exemplified above can be used as a container regardless of the shape and rigidity.
- the container 3006 can be moved from 3005.
- a memory device using the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can hold the above-described control information of an electronic device, a control program, and the like for a long time.
- a highly reliable electronic device can be realized.
- an IC in which the AI system is incorporated can be used in the arithmetic device of the electronic device described above. Accordingly, the electronic device described in this embodiment can perform an accurate operation according to the situation with low power consumption by using the AI system.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
- Thin Film Transistor (AREA)
- Non-Volatile Memory (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本実施の形態では、開示する発明の一態様に係る半導体装置の構成、作製方法、回路構成、および動作について、図1乃至図18を参照して説明する。
はじめに、半導体装置のメモリトランジスタ、およびメモリセルアレイの構成について、図1乃至図3を参照して説明する。図1(A)は、メモリセルアレイ700の上面図であり、図1(B)は、図1(A)にA1−A2の一点鎖線で示す部位の断面図である。また、図1(C)は、図1(A)にA3−A4の一点鎖線で示す部位の断面図であり、メモリストリングを説明する断面図である。また、図1(D)、図2(A)、および図2(B)は、図1(B)において、一点鎖線で囲まれた部分の拡大図であり、メモリセルとして機能するメモリトランジスタを説明する図である。なお、図1(D)は、該メモリトランジスタの断面図を示し、図2(A)、および図2(B)は、該メモリトランジスタの斜視図を示す。また、図2(C)は、図1(C)において、一点鎖線で囲まれた部分を拡大した斜視図であり、選択トランジスタとして機能するトランジスタを説明する図である。なお、以下においては、図1に示すように、x軸、y軸、z軸からなる直交座標系を便宜上設定して説明する。ここで、x軸およびy軸は、メモリセルアレイ700を設ける基体720の上面と平行にとり、z軸は基体720の上面に対して垂直にとる。
図3は、メモリトランジスタを6段有するメモリセルアレイ700を複数組み合わせたメモリセルアレイ700Aを説明する上面図である。なお、図3では、説明を容易にするため、一部の構成要素を省略している。例えば、導電体701上に設けられる選択トランジスタ(ビット線側トランジスタ:SDT、およびソース線側トランジスタ:SST)や、それらの構成要件である導電体702は、省略している。また、ビット線BLやソース線SLの一部として機能する導電体705、およびワード線WLの一部として機能する導電体708は、実線にて示している。
以下では、本発明に係る酸化物704に適用可能な金属酸化物について説明する。
以下では、本発明の一態様で開示されるトランジスタに用いることができるCAC(Cloud−Aligned Composite)−OSの構成について説明する。
酸化物半導体(金属酸化物)は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体としては、例えば、CAAC−OS(c−axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor)、多結晶酸化物半導体、nc−OS(nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor)、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)および非晶質酸化物半導体などがある。
続いて、上記金属酸化物をトランジスタのチャネル形成領域に用いる場合について説明する。
ここで、金属酸化物中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
次に、本発明のメモリセルアレイの作製方法の一態様を図4乃至図13を参照して説明する。なお、図4乃至図13の各図において、(A)は、z軸方向から見た上面図であり、(B)は、(A)にA1−A2の一点鎖線で示す部位の断面図である。また、(C)は、(A)にA3−A4の一点鎖線で示す部位の断面図である。また、図12(D)、および図13(D)は、それぞれ図12(B)、および図13(B)において、一点鎖線で囲まれた部分を拡大した断面図である。
図14(A)に、3次元構造のNAND型不揮発性記憶装置(3D NAND)の構成例を示す。図14(A)に示す記憶装置100は、制御回路105、メモリセルアレイ110、周辺回路を有する。
次に、メモリストリング112へのデータの書き込みと読み出し動作について、図18(A)乃至(C)を用いて説明する。なお、以降において、ワード線WL1乃至ワード線WL2kを共有するメモリトランジスタMTのまとまりをページと呼ぶ。
メモリトランジスタMTにデータを書き込む場合は、書き込み動作の前にデータを消去しておくことが好ましい。なお、データを消去する動作をリセット動作ともいう場合がある。消去動作は、例えば、データを消去したいメモリトランジスタMTを順次選択することで行う。まず、データを消去したいメモリトランジスタMTのゲートに接続するワード線WLに低電位(電荷蓄積層に蓄積された電子を引き抜くための電位、例えば−18V)を印加し、該ワード線WL以外のワード線WLには、正電位(トランジスタが導通する電位、例えば3V)を印加する。また、ソース線SLおよびビット線BLに消去電位VE(例えば0V)を印加し、選択トランジスタSDTおよび選択トランジスタSSTを導通させることで所望のメモリトランジスタMTのデータを消去することができる。図18(A)に示すように、ワード線WL1に低電位を印加してメモリトランジスタMT1を非導通とし、ワード線WL2乃至WL8には正電位を印加してメモリトランジスタMT2乃至MT8を導通とし、ソース線SLおよびビット線BLに消去電位VEを印加し、選択トランジスタSDTおよび選択トランジスタSSTを導通させることでメモリトランジスタMT1のデータを消去することができる。続けて、ワード線WL2乃至WL8を順次選択し、選択されたワード線WLに低電位を印加し、それ以外のワード線WLに正電位を印加することで、メモリトランジスタMT1乃至MT8のデータを消去することができる。消去動作(リセット動作)により、メモリトランジスタMT1乃至MT8のそれぞれの電荷蓄積層に蓄積された電子を引き抜くことができる。これにより、メモリトランジスタMT1乃至MT8は、データ“1”を保持している状態となる。なお、消去動作は、必ずしも全てのメモリトランジスタMTに対して行う必要は無く、消去が必要なメモリトランジスタMTのみを選択して、データの消去を行ってもよい。例えば、データ“0”が書き込まれているメモリトランジスタMTのみに対して消去動作を行ってもよい。
次に、データの書き込み動作について図18(B)を用いて説明する。
次に、データの読み出し動作について図18(C)を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置を用いた記憶装置の応用例について説明する。先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置は、例えば、各種電子機器(例えば、情報端末、コンピュータ、スマートフォン、電子書籍端末、デジタルカメラ(ビデオカメラも含む)、録画再生装置、ナビゲーションシステムなど)の記憶装置に適用できる。なお、ここで、コンピュータとは、タブレット型のコンピュータや、ノート型のコンピュータや、デスクトップ型のコンピュータの他、サーバシステムのような大型のコンピュータを含むものである。または、先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置は、メモリカード(例えば、SDカード)、USBメモリ、SSD(ソリッド・ステート・ドライブ)等の各種のリムーバブル記憶装置に適用される。図19にリムーバブル記憶装置の幾つかの構成例を模式的に示す。例えば、先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置は、パッケージングされたメモリチップに加工され、様々なストレージ装置、リムーバブルメモリに用いられる。
本実施の形態では、図20を用いて、上記実施の形態に示す半導体装置を適用した、AIシステムについて説明を行う。
<AIシステムの応用例>
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態に示すAIシステムの応用例について図21を用いて説明を行う。
本実施の形態は、上記実施の形態に示すAIシステムが組み込まれたICの一例を示す。
<電子機器>
本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置は、様々な電子機器に用いることができる。図23および図24に、本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置を用いた電子機器の具体例を示す。
Claims (8)
- メモリトランジスタを有する半導体装置であって、
前記メモリトランジスタは、
開口を有する導電体と、
前記開口の内側側面に接して設けられた第1の絶縁体と、
前記第1の絶縁体の内側に接して設けられた第2の絶縁体と、
前記第2の絶縁体の内側に接して設けられた第3の絶縁体と、
前記第3の絶縁体の内側に接して設けられた第1の酸化物と、
前記第1の酸化物の内側に接して設けられた第2の酸化物と、
を有し、
前記第2の酸化物のエネルギーギャップは、前記第1の酸化物のエネルギーギャップより狭いことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - メモリトランジスタを有する半導体装置であって、
前記メモリトランジスタは、
開口を有する導電体と、
前記開口の内側側面に接して設けられた第1の絶縁体と、
前記第1の絶縁体の内側に接して設けられた第2の絶縁体と、
前記第2の絶縁体の内側に接して設けられた第3の絶縁体と、
前記第3の絶縁体の内側に接して設けられた第1の酸化物と、
前記第1の酸化物の内側に接して設けられた第2の酸化物と、
前記第2の酸化物の内側に接して設けられた第3の酸化物と、
を有し、
前記第2の酸化物のエネルギーギャップは、前記第1の酸化物のエネルギーギャップより狭く、
前記第2の酸化物のエネルギーギャップは、前記第3の酸化物のエネルギーギャップより狭いことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記第1の酸化物、および前記第2の酸化物は、Inと、元素M(MはAl、Ga、Y、またはSn)と、Znと、を有する、
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項3において、
前記第1の酸化物のInに対する元素Mの原子数比が、前記第2の酸化物のInに対する元素Mの原子数比より大きいことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記半導体装置は、さらに基体を有し、
前記半導体装置は、前記基体上に、前記メモリトランジスタを複数有し、
前記複数のメモリトランジスタは、前記基体が有する一の面に対して垂直な方向に積層して設けられていることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記第1の絶縁体は、シリコン、アルミニウム、およびハフニウムのいずれか一を含む酸化物であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記第3の絶縁体は、シリコン、アルミニウム、およびハフニウムのいずれか一を含む酸化物であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記メモリトランジスタは、さらに第4の絶縁体を有し、
前記第4の絶縁体は、前記第3の酸化物の内側に接して設けられていることを特徴とする半導体装置。
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/618,831 US11227920B2 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2018-05-23 | Semiconductor device, and method of manufacturing the semiconductor device |
DE112018002846.1T DE112018002846T5 (de) | 2017-06-05 | 2018-05-23 | Halbleitervorrichtung und Herstellungsverfahren der Halbleitervorrichtung |
CN201880037249.6A CN110731013B (zh) | 2017-06-05 | 2018-05-23 | 半导体装置及半导体装置的制造方法 |
KR1020247001085A KR20240007728A (ko) | 2017-06-05 | 2018-05-23 | 반도체 장치 및 반도체 장치의 제작 방법 |
JP2019523201A JPWO2018224904A1 (ja) | 2017-06-05 | 2018-05-23 | 半導体装置、および半導体装置の作製方法 |
KR1020197038239A KR102625630B1 (ko) | 2017-06-05 | 2018-05-23 | 반도체 장치 및 반도체 장치의 제작 방법 |
CN202311302410.7A CN117715435A (zh) | 2017-06-05 | 2018-05-23 | 半导体装置及半导体装置的制造方法 |
US17/575,707 US20220140090A1 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2022-01-14 | Semiconductor device, and method of manufacturing the semiconductor device |
JP2022033814A JP2022081581A (ja) | 2017-06-05 | 2022-03-04 | 半導体装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017-111144 | 2017-06-05 | ||
JP2017111144 | 2017-06-05 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/618,831 A-371-Of-International US11227920B2 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2018-05-23 | Semiconductor device, and method of manufacturing the semiconductor device |
US17/575,707 Continuation US20220140090A1 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2022-01-14 | Semiconductor device, and method of manufacturing the semiconductor device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2018224904A1 true WO2018224904A1 (ja) | 2018-12-13 |
Family
ID=64566904
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2018/053629 WO2018224904A1 (ja) | 2017-06-05 | 2018-05-23 | 半導体装置、および半導体装置の作製方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US11227920B2 (ja) |
JP (2) | JPWO2018224904A1 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR20240007728A (ja) |
CN (2) | CN117715435A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112018002846T5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2018224904A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10629732B1 (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-04-21 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Elevationally-extending transistors, devices comprising elevationally-extending transistors, and methods of forming a device comprising elevationally-extending transistors |
JP2021150392A (ja) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-09-27 | キオクシア株式会社 | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
US11996440B2 (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2024-05-28 | Changxin Memory Technologies, Inc. | Capacitor array, method for manufacturing the same and memory |
CN112951768B (zh) * | 2021-03-17 | 2023-04-18 | 长鑫存储技术有限公司 | 电容阵列及其制造方法和存储器 |
WO2022219767A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-10-20 | ユニサンティス エレクトロニクス シンガポール プライベート リミテッド | メモリ素子を有する半導体装置 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013021312A (ja) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-01-31 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 半導体装置、及び半導体装置の作製方法 |
WO2016137668A1 (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-09-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Tunnel thin film transistor with hetero-junction structure |
JP2017034144A (ja) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体記憶装置 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101698193B1 (ko) | 2009-09-15 | 2017-01-19 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 3차원 반도체 메모리 장치 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR101746814B1 (ko) | 2009-12-09 | 2017-06-14 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 복사전력 측정 장치 |
US8952377B2 (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2015-02-10 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
KR20140009023A (ko) * | 2012-07-13 | 2014-01-22 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 반도체 장치 |
US20140027762A1 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-01-30 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co. Ltd. | Semiconductor device |
TWI721409B (zh) * | 2013-12-19 | 2021-03-11 | 日商半導體能源研究所股份有限公司 | 半導體裝置 |
JP6607681B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-07 | 2019-11-20 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置 |
US9634097B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2017-04-25 | Sandisk Technologies Llc | 3D NAND with oxide semiconductor channel |
KR102440302B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-13 | 2022-09-05 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 반도체 장치 및 그 제작 방법 |
JP2016225614A (ja) * | 2015-05-26 | 2016-12-28 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置 |
JP6698649B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-18 | 2020-05-27 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置 |
-
2018
- 2018-05-23 CN CN202311302410.7A patent/CN117715435A/zh active Pending
- 2018-05-23 US US16/618,831 patent/US11227920B2/en active Active
- 2018-05-23 CN CN201880037249.6A patent/CN110731013B/zh active Active
- 2018-05-23 WO PCT/IB2018/053629 patent/WO2018224904A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2018-05-23 DE DE112018002846.1T patent/DE112018002846T5/de active Pending
- 2018-05-23 KR KR1020247001085A patent/KR20240007728A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-05-23 JP JP2019523201A patent/JPWO2018224904A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-05-23 KR KR1020197038239A patent/KR102625630B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2022
- 2022-01-14 US US17/575,707 patent/US20220140090A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-04 JP JP2022033814A patent/JP2022081581A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013021312A (ja) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-01-31 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 半導体装置、及び半導体装置の作製方法 |
WO2016137668A1 (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-09-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Tunnel thin film transistor with hetero-junction structure |
JP2017034144A (ja) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体記憶装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112018002846T5 (de) | 2020-02-13 |
CN117715435A (zh) | 2024-03-15 |
CN110731013A (zh) | 2020-01-24 |
US20210104608A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
CN110731013B (zh) | 2023-10-24 |
JP2022081581A (ja) | 2022-05-31 |
US20220140090A1 (en) | 2022-05-05 |
KR20200015586A (ko) | 2020-02-12 |
US11227920B2 (en) | 2022-01-18 |
JPWO2018224904A1 (ja) | 2020-05-21 |
KR102625630B1 (ko) | 2024-01-15 |
KR20240007728A (ko) | 2024-01-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7094786B2 (ja) | 半導体装置 | |
WO2018224904A1 (ja) | 半導体装置、および半導体装置の作製方法 | |
JP7265475B2 (ja) | 半導体装置 | |
JP7439196B2 (ja) | 半導体装置 | |
JP7106383B2 (ja) | 半導体装置 | |
JP2018201011A (ja) | 半導体装置、および半導体装置の作製方法 | |
KR102621455B1 (ko) | 반도체 장치 및 반도체 장치의 제작 방법 | |
US11849584B2 (en) | Semiconductor device, manufacturing method of semiconductor device, and operation method of semiconductor device | |
JP2018206841A (ja) | 半導体装置、および半導体装置の作製方法 | |
WO2018215878A1 (ja) | 半導体装置、および半導体装置の作製方法 | |
WO2021005435A1 (ja) | 半導体装置、および半導体装置の作製方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 18812994 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2019523201 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20197038239 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 18812994 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |