WO2018209784A1 - 电池析锂的检测方法、电池管理系统及电池系统 - Google Patents

电池析锂的检测方法、电池管理系统及电池系统 Download PDF

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WO2018209784A1
WO2018209784A1 PCT/CN2017/093195 CN2017093195W WO2018209784A1 WO 2018209784 A1 WO2018209784 A1 WO 2018209784A1 CN 2017093195 W CN2017093195 W CN 2017093195W WO 2018209784 A1 WO2018209784 A1 WO 2018209784A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
voltage curve
management system
lithium
charging
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PCT/CN2017/093195
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张炳雁
蒋治亿
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018209784A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018209784A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]

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  • the present application relates to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to a battery detection method, a battery management system, and a battery system.
  • lithium-ion batteries have been attracting attention since they were put into the market in 1991. They have been widely used in terminals, power tools, electric bicycles, electric vehicles, etc. An indispensable product in the economy.
  • lithium-ion batteries have a certain lifespan. The lithium-ion battery life will be attenuated after the anode is precipitated in the anode of the lithium-ion battery. The use of lithium-ion batteries will increase the safety.
  • the prior art can only distinguish whether the battery is dephosphorized by manually disassembling the battery cells in the battery. Since lithium deposition on the surface of the anode is a result of the accumulation of long-term chemical reactions to a certain extent, if the lithium deposition occurs on the cell by manual observation, it indicates that the battery has been in a state of lithium deposition for a long period of time. . Therefore, the method of judging whether the battery is dephosphorized by manual observation is relatively inferior.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery, a battery management system, and a battery system, which can improve the accuracy and timeliness of determining whether a battery cell is dephosphorized.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery, including:
  • the battery is determined to be decomposed.
  • the method further includes:
  • the stationary battery includes:
  • an implementation is further provided, the specified threshold being a multiple of 50.
  • the static battery includes:
  • the battery is allowed to stand according to a preset rest period.
  • the resting duration being greater than or equal to 5 minutes and less than or equal to 180 minutes.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery management system, including:
  • a collecting unit configured to collect a voltage curve of the battery during the standing process
  • the first determining unit is configured to determine, when the voltage curve includes a platform interval or a rebound interval, determine the lithium deposition of the battery.
  • the device further includes:
  • a second determining unit configured to determine whether the accumulated number of times of charging of the battery reaches a finger Threshold value
  • the stationary unit is specifically used for
  • an implementation is further provided, the specified threshold being a multiple of 50.
  • the battery is allowed to stand according to a preset rest period.
  • the resting duration being greater than or equal to 5 minutes and less than or equal to 180 minutes.
  • the device further includes:
  • the third determining unit is configured to determine that the battery is normal when the platform section or the rebound section is not included in the voltage curve.
  • system further comprising:
  • the first output unit is configured to output first state information of the battery, where the first state information includes that the battery has been de-aleded.
  • system further comprising:
  • a second output unit configured to output second state information of the battery, where the second state information includes that the battery is not de-alloyed.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery system including a battery and the battery management system according to any of the preceding claims.
  • the method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery, the battery management system and the battery system provided by the embodiments of the present application are simple in operation and high in accuracy. Applying this method to the performance test of the battery core, the critical magnification value of the lithium deposition of various materials can be obtained through a limited number of tests. Applying this method to the battery management system, it is only necessary to determine whether the battery has lithium deposition according to the collected voltage curve, thereby improving the accuracy of the judgment, and according to The result of charging the battery for a single time can be judged, and the efficiency of judging whether or not the battery is decomposed is improved, and the user does not need to disassemble the battery in the battery, compared with the method in the prior art that requires repeated experiments. The safety is improved, and the problem of judging whether the battery is dephosphorized by manual observation or not is relatively poor.
  • FIG. 1 is a first flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a first schematic diagram of a voltage curve provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram of a voltage curve provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a second flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a third flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a fourth flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 7 is a voltage curve diagram of the battery core 1
  • Figure 8 is a voltage curve diagram of the battery core 2
  • Figure 9 is a voltage curve diagram of the battery core 3.
  • Figure 10 is a voltage curve diagram of the battery core 4.
  • Figure 11 is a voltage curve diagram of the battery core 5;
  • Figure 12 is a voltage graph of the battery cell 6
  • Figure 13 is a voltage curve diagram of the battery cell 7
  • Figure 14 is a voltage curve diagram of the battery core eight
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a first module in a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of a second module in a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a third module in a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a fourth module in a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a module in a battery system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a first flowchart of a method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery in the embodiment may include the following steps:
  • charging can be performed according to a preset charging magnification, wherein the preset charging magnification can be stored in the battery management system, for example, charging the battery using 1C.
  • the preset charging magnification can be stored in the battery management system, for example, charging the battery using 1C.
  • different charging rates may be used for batteries of different models or different compositions.
  • the end of charging can be understood as when the voltage of the battery reaches the cutoff voltage, or when the charging current of the battery reaches the cutoff current, or the voltage of the battery reaches When the cut-off voltage is reached and the charging current of the battery reaches the cut-off current, the battery is stopped and the battery is left after the charging is completed.
  • a stationary battery can be understood as a battery that is neither charged nor discharged, and is in a non-operating state.
  • the voltage of the battery has the highest voltage value at the end of charging, and the movement speed of the ions in the battery core gradually decreases with the start of the standing, and the voltage of the battery will gradually decrease. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether the battery cells in the battery are dephosphorized by collecting the voltage curve of the battery during the standing process from the change of the voltage curve.
  • the voltage curve includes a platform interval or a rebound interval, determine the lithium deposition of the battery.
  • FIG. 2 is a first schematic diagram of a voltage curve according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of a voltage curve according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3, the area B in the voltage curve indicates that the bounce interval is presented. Therefore, whether or not the battery is dephosphorized can be determined by whether or not the platform section or the rebound section is included in the voltage curve. When the voltage curve contains a platform interval or a rebound interval, it is determined that the battery has been decomposed.
  • the method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include The following steps:
  • a predetermined threshold is set for the battery in advance, and the purpose is to inspect the battery in advance when the battery is prone to the risk of lithium deposition. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, Whenever you are ready to charge the battery, you need to determine the cumulative number of times the battery is charged. When the accumulated number of charges reaches the specified threshold, you need to rest the battery after the end of this charge.
  • the specified threshold may be 100, that is, after charging the battery for the 100th time, the battery needs to be placed.
  • the specified threshold may also be a multiple of a certain value.
  • the number of times of charging is a multiple of 50, that is, when the 50th, 100th, and so on, after charging the battery, all need to be static. Set the battery.
  • step 101 may be specifically performed as “if the number of times of charging reaches a specified threshold, the battery is left after the end of the current charging”.
  • the stationary battery can be used to stand the battery according to a preset standing time.
  • the standing time can be a battery in a specific implementation process.
  • the standing time is 5 minutes, and for example, the standing time is 3 hours.
  • the voltage curve of the battery is obtained within 5 minutes, and for example, if the standing time is 3 hours, the voltage curve of the battery within 3 hours is acquired or a period of 3 hours is acquired. Corresponding voltage curve. Since the lithium ion battery standing process is a lithium ion diffusion behavior, the cell is allowed to stand for a period of time greater than or equal to 5 minutes and less than or equal to 180 minutes according to the particle size of the active material and the inherent diffusion coefficient of the lithium ion.
  • FIG. 5 is a third flowchart of a method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the method for detecting lithium deposition of the battery according to the embodiment may further include The following steps:
  • the status information may include first status information and second status information.
  • the first status information may include a charging magnification that is currently charging the battery and status information indicating that the battery has been de-alloyed in the battery.
  • the lithium battery can be applied to an electric vehicle, but is not limited to an electric vehicle, and may be used in other environments using a lithium battery.
  • the first state information of the output battery can be outputted in the display of the electric vehicle.
  • the charging rate of the battery charging and the power in the battery can be output to the battery central control platform.
  • the core has been analyzed for lithium information.
  • the second state information may also be output, where the second state information includes that the battery is not de-alloyed.
  • FIG. 6 is a fourth flowchart of a method for detecting lithium deposition of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6 , the method for detecting lithium deposition of the battery according to the embodiment may further include The following steps:
  • the voltage interval does not include the platform interval or the rebound interval, determine that the battery is normal.
  • the voltage curve when the battery does not undergo lithium precipitation during the charging process, the voltage curve exhibits a smooth downward trend. If the platform interval or the rebound interval is not included, it may be determined that the battery does not exhibit lithium deposition, and the second state information is output. In a specific implementation process, the second state information may be that the battery state is normal.
  • the battery of the battery in the embodiment of the present application is a lithium ion battery core
  • the positive electrode in the battery core includes a material capable of extracting and receiving lithium ions
  • the negative electrode in the battery core includes a material capable of accepting and extracting lithium ions.
  • the positive electrode may be selected from the group consisting of lithium transition metal composite oxides, including lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and These lithium transition metal oxides are added to other transition metal or non-transition metal compounds, one or a mixture of the above.
  • the negative electrode may be selected from soft carbon, hard carbon, artificial graphite, natural graphite, a metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium, and the like which can receive and extract lithium ions.
  • the active material LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2, the conductive agent acetylene black, and the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are charged in a N-methylpyrrolidone solvent system at a weight ratio of 90:7:3. After stirring and mixing uniformly, the film was dried on an Al foil and cold pressed to obtain a positive electrode sheet.
  • SBR binder styrene-butadiene rubber
  • CMC thickener sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
  • 8 batteries are prepared, numbered from cell 1 to cell 8, and the initial capacity of cell 1 to cell 5 is different (3Ah, 4Ah, 5Ah, 6Ah, 30Ah, respectively), cell 6 to cell
  • the initial capacity is the same as that of battery 5.
  • test procedure for cell one is as follows:
  • step one the cell is fully discharged at a rate of 1 C until the voltage of the cell reaches 2.7V.
  • the battery is fully charged to the upper limit voltage of 4.3V at a rate of 26C, and then left for 300s after the end of charging, and the voltage decay curve of the battery core is synchronously collected.
  • test procedure of battery core 2 is as follows:
  • step one the cell 2 is fully discharged at a rate of 1 C until the voltage of the cell reaches 2.7V.
  • the battery core 2 is fully charged to the upper limit voltage of 4.3V at a rate of 26C, and then left to stand for 1800s after the end of charging, and the voltage decay curve of the battery core is synchronously collected.
  • the test procedure of the battery core 3 is as follows:
  • step one the battery cell is fully discharged at a rate of 1 C until the voltage of the cell reaches 2.7V.
  • the battery core is fully charged to the upper limit voltage of 4.3V at a rate of 26C, and then left to stand for 6000s after the end of charging, and the voltage decay curve of the battery core is synchronously collected.
  • test procedure for cell 4 is as follows:
  • step one the cells are fully discharged at a rate of 1 C until the voltage of the cells reaches 2.7V.
  • Step 2 charge the battery core 4 to the upper limit voltage of 4.3V at 26C rate, and then charge After the end, it is allowed to stand for 3h, and the voltage decay curve of the battery core is synchronously acquired.
  • test procedure for cell 5 is as follows:
  • step one the cell 6 is fully discharged at a rate of 0.7 C until the voltage of the cell reaches 2.7V.
  • the battery core 6 is fully charged to the upper limit voltage of 4.3V at a rate of 0.7 C, and then left to stand for 3 hours after the end of charging, and the voltage decay curve of the battery core is synchronously collected.
  • step one the cell 6 is fully discharged at a rate of 1 C until the voltage of the cell reaches 2.7V.
  • the battery core 6 is fully charged to the upper limit voltage of 4.3V at a rate of 1 C, and then left to stand for 3 hours after the end of charging, and the voltage decay curve of the battery core is synchronously collected.
  • the test procedure for battery seven is as follows:
  • step one the cell 7 is fully discharged at a rate of 1 C until the voltage of the cell reaches 2.7V.
  • the battery core 7 is fully charged to the upper limit voltage of 4.3V at a rate of 1.2 C, and then left to stand for 3 hours after the end of charging, and the voltage decay curve of the battery core is synchronously collected.
  • test procedure for the battery core eight is as follows:
  • step one the battery cell is fully discharged at a rate of 1 C until the voltage of the cell reaches 2.7V.
  • the battery core is fully charged to the upper limit voltage of 4.3V at a rate of 1.5 C, and then left to stand for 3 hours after the end of charging, and the voltage decay curve of the battery core is synchronously collected.
  • Fig. 7 is a voltage curve diagram of the battery cell 1. As shown in Fig. 7, the voltage curve clearly shows the characteristics of the rebound interval in the 300 s interval, and the lithium deposition is determined. After dismantling the cell, white lithium dendrites were precipitated on the surface of the anode pole piece, which was consistent with the theoretical judgment.
  • Fig. 8 is a voltage graph of the battery core 2. As shown in Fig. 8, the voltage curve exhibits a more significant rebound characteristic in the 1800s interval, and lithium deposition can be determined. After dismantling the cell, white lithium dendrites were precipitated on the surface of the anode pole piece, which was consistent with the theoretical judgment.
  • Figure 9 is a voltage curve of the battery core three, as shown in Figure 9, the voltage curve is at 192s to A voltage platform interval occurs between the 5415s, and then the voltage begins to drop, showing a significant lithium-discharging characteristic, and lithium can be determined. After dismantling the cell, white lithium dendrites were precipitated on the surface of the anode pole piece, which was consistent with the theoretical judgment.
  • Figure 10 is a voltage curve diagram of the cell four. As shown in Figure 10, the voltage curve exhibits a significant voltage bounce after standing for 115 s, and then quickly reaches the voltage peak and remains constant for 3 h, unlike the normal voltage. The attenuation characteristics can be used to determine lithium deposition. After dismantling the cell, white lithium dendrites were precipitated on the surface of the anode pole piece, which was consistent with the theoretical judgment.
  • Figure 11 is a voltage curve diagram of the battery core 5. As shown in Figure 11, the voltage curve shows a continuous downward trend within 3 hours, and the voltage drop rate gradually decreases, showing no characteristic of the platform interval and the rebound interval. lithium. After dismantling the cell, no white lithium dendrite was found on the surface of the anode pole piece, which was consistent with the theoretical judgment.
  • Fig. 12 is a voltage curve diagram of the battery cell 6. As shown in Fig. 12, the voltage curve shows a continuous downward trend within 3 hours, and the voltage drop rate gradually decreases, showing no characteristic of the platform interval and the rebound interval, and the determination is not analyzed. lithium. After dismantling the cell, no white lithium dendrite was found on the surface of the anode pole piece, which was consistent with the theoretical judgment.
  • Figure 13 is a voltage curve diagram of the battery cell 7, as shown in Figure 13, the voltage curve in the 0-3h time interval, the voltage rebound phenomenon is apparent, and it is determined that lithium is significantly formed. After dismantling the cell, white lithium dendrite was found on the surface of the anode pole piece, which was consistent with the theoretical judgment.
  • Figure 14 is a voltage graph of the battery cell 8. As shown in Figure 14, the voltage curve shows a more severe voltage bounce phenomenon in the 0-3h time interval, and it is determined that lithium is severely precipitated. After dismantling the cell, more white lithium dendrites were found on the surface of the anode pole piece, which was consistent with the theoretical judgment.
  • the battery lithium detection method provided by the present application has high accuracy, and can replace the manual disassembly of the battery to determine whether the lithium is formed; and the test from the battery core 5 to the battery core 8.
  • the critical rate of lithium deposition of the battery core can be obtained through a limited number of tests, which provides a theoretical basis for the development and use of the battery, and is of great significance.
  • the lithium detection method of the present application is used in a battery management system, in a voltage curve
  • the first state information of the battery is outputted, and the first status information of the battery is output, so that the user can determine that the battery has been decalcified according to the output of the first state information. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, only the collected The voltage curve can determine whether the battery has lithium deposition, improve the accuracy of the judgment, and can judge according to the result of charging the battery for a single time, which is improved compared with the method in the prior art that requires repeated experiments. It is judged whether the battery has the efficiency of lithium deposition, and the user does not need to disassemble the battery cells in the battery, thereby improving the safety and solving the problem of judging whether the battery is out of lithium by manual observation.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a first module in a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the battery management system of the present application may include a rest unit 11 , an acquisition unit 12 , and a first determining unit 13 .
  • the stationary unit 11 is configured to rest the battery after the battery is charged.
  • the collecting unit 12 is configured to collect a voltage curve of the battery during the standing process.
  • the first determining unit 13 is configured to determine battery lithium deposition when the voltage interval includes a platform interval or a rebound interval.
  • the device in this embodiment may be used to implement the technical solution of the method embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , and the implementation principle and technical effects are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a second module in a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 16, the battery state detecting apparatus of the present embodiment may further include: a second determining unit 14 .
  • the second determining unit 14 is configured to determine whether the accumulated number of times of charging of the battery reaches a specified threshold.
  • the stationary unit 11 is specifically used for
  • the device in this embodiment may be used to implement the technical solution of the method embodiment shown in FIG. 4, and the implementation principle and technical effects are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a third module in a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the battery state detecting apparatus of the present embodiment may further include: a first output unit 15 according to the foregoing content. And a second output unit 17.
  • a first output unit 15 configured to output first state information of the battery, the first shape
  • the state information includes the battery has been decomposed.
  • the second output unit 17 is configured to output second state information of the battery, where the second state information includes that the battery is not de-alloyed.
  • the stationary unit 11 is specifically used for
  • the battery is allowed to stand according to the preset rest time.
  • the rest time is greater than or equal to 5 minutes and less than or equal to 180 minutes.
  • the specified threshold is a multiple of 50.
  • the device in this embodiment may be used to implement the technical solution of the method embodiment shown in FIG. 5, and the implementation principle and technical effects are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a fourth module in a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 18, the battery state detecting apparatus of this embodiment may further include: a third determining unit 16 according to the foregoing content. .
  • the third determining unit 16 is configured to determine that the battery is normal when the platform section or the rebound section is not included in the voltage curve.
  • the device in this embodiment may be used to implement the technical solution of the method embodiment shown in FIG. 6.
  • the implementation principle and technical effects are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a module in a battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 19, the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery system, including the battery 1 and any one of the foregoing battery management systems 2.
  • the aforementioned program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the program when executed, performs the steps including the foregoing method embodiments; and the foregoing storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, ie may be located in one place. Or it can be distributed to at least two network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment. General skill in the art Personnel can understand and implement without creative work.

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Abstract

一种电池析锂的检测方法及系统。包括：在电池充电结束后，静置电池（101）；采集所述电池在静置过程中的电压曲线（102）；当所述电压曲线中包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定所述电池析锂（103）。本技术方案仅需要根据采集到的电压曲线就可以判定电芯是否发生析锂，提高了判断的准确性，并且根据单次为电池进行充电的结果就可以进行判断，相比较于现有技术中需要反复实验的方式，提高了判断电芯是否发生析锂的效率。

Description

电池析锂的检测方法、电池管理系统及电池系统 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池析锂的检测方法、电池管理系统及电池系统。
背景技术
当前储能电能的产品中，锂离子电池因其具有使用寿命长的特点，自1991年投入市场以来一直备受瞩目，在终端、电动工具、电动自行车、电动汽车等领域应用广泛，已经成为能源经济中的一个不可或缺的产品。
目前锂离子电池使用需求已走向高容量和高功率化，特别是高功率充电会带来安全问题。因为随着电芯充电倍率的提高，电芯极化电压部分会增大，意味着充电时电芯阳极电压更容易达到析锂电位，造成析锂。锂离子电池具有一定的寿命，在锂离子电池内的电芯中阳极析出过多的锂晶体后锂离子电池的寿命会加剧衰减，继续使用将会有安全风险。
目前现有技术只能通过人工拆解电池内的电芯的方式来辨别电池是否析锂。由于阳极表面析锂是长期化学反应累积到一定程度而呈现出的结果，若通过人工观察获知电芯发生了析锂现象，则表明电池已经在之前较长的一段时间内已经处于析锂状态了。所以用人工观察来判断电芯是否析锂的方法及时性比较差。
申请内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池析锂的检测方法、电池管理系统及电池系统，可以提高判断电芯是否析锂的准确性与及时性。
本申请实施例提供一种电池析锂的检测方法，包括：
在电池充电结束后，静置所述电池；
采集所述电池在静置过程中的电压曲线；
当所述电压曲线中包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定所述电池析锂。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，在所述静置电池之前，所述方法还包括：
确定所述电池的累计充电次数是否达到指定阈值；
所述静置电池，包括：
当所述充电次数达到指定阈值时，静置所述电池。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述指定阈值为50的倍数。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述静置电池，包括：
按照预设的静置时长静置所述电池。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述静置时长大于或者等于5分钟，且小于或者等于180分钟。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述方法还包括：
当所述电压曲线中未包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定所述电池正常。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述方法还包括：
输出所述电池的状态信息。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池管理系统，包括：
静置单元，用于在电池充电结束后，静置电池；
采集单元，用于采集所述电池在静置过程中的电压曲线；
第一确定单元，用于当所述电压曲线中包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定所述电池析锂。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述装置还包括：
第二确定单元，用于确定所述电池的累计充电次数是否达到指 定阈值；
所述静置单元，具体用于，
当所述充电次数达到指定阈值时，静置所述电池。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述指定阈值为50的倍数。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述静置单元，具体用于，
按照预设的静置时长静置所述电池。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述静置时长大于或者等于5分钟，且小于或者等于180分钟。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述装置还包括：
第三确定单元，用于当所述电压曲线中未包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定所述电池正常。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述系统还包括：
第一输出单元，用于输出所述电池的第一状态信息，所述第一状态信息包括电池已析锂。
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述系统还包括：
第二输出单元，用于输出所述电池的第二状态信息，所述第二状态信息包括电池未析锂。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池系统，包括电池以及如前述任一项所述的电池管理系统。
本申请实施例提供的电池析锂的检测方法、电池管理系统及电池系统，操作简单，准确率高。将此方法应用到电芯性能检测中，可以通过有限次的试验得出各种不同材料的电芯析锂的临界倍率值。将此方法应用到电池管理系统中，仅需要根据采集到的电压曲线就可以判定电芯是否发生析锂，提高了判断的准确性，并且根据 单次为电池进行充电的结果就可以进行判断，相比较于现有技术中需要反复实验的方式，提高了判断电芯是否发生析锂的效率，以及用户无需将电池内的电芯进行拆卸，提高了安全性，解决了通过人工观察的方式判断电芯是否析锂的准确性和及时性比较差的问题。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的电池析锂的检测方法实施例的第一流程图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的电压曲线的第一示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的电压曲线的第二示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的电池析锂的检测方法实施例的第二流程图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的电池析锂的检测方法实施例的第三流程图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的电池析锂的检测方法实施例的第四流程图；
图7为电芯一的电压曲线图；
图8为电芯二的电压曲线图；
图9为电芯三的电压曲线图；
图10为电芯四的电压曲线图；
图11为电芯五的电压曲线图；
图12为电芯六的电压曲线图；
图13为电芯七的电压曲线图；
图14为电芯八的电压曲线图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的电池管理系统中的第一模块示意 图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的电池管理系统中的第二模块示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的电池管理系统中的第三模块示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的电池管理系统中的第四模块示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的电池系统中的模块示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请实施例中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本申请。在本申请实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。
图1为本申请实施例提供的电池析锂的检测方法实施例的第一流程图，如图1所示，本实施例的电池析锂的检测方法，具体可以包括如下步骤：
101、在电池充电结束后，静置电池。
当为电池充电时，可以按照预先设置的充电倍率进行充电，其中，预先设置的充电倍率可以存储在电池管理系统中，例如，使用1C为电池进行充电。在本申请实施例中，针对于不同型号或者不同组成结构的电芯，可以有不同的充电倍率。
在本申请实施例中，充电结束可以理解为电池的电压达到截止电压时，或者电池的充电电流达到截止电流时，或者电池的电压达 到截止电压且电池的充电电流达到截止电流时，停止为电池充电，并在充电结束后，静置电池。
静置电池可以理解为电池既不充电也不放电，处于非工作状态。
102、采集电池在静置过程中的电压曲线。
可以理解的是，在本申请实施例中，电池的电压在充电结束时的电压值最高，随着静置的开始，电芯内的离子的移动速度会逐渐降低，进而电池的电压会缓慢下降，因此，可以通过采集电池在静置过程中的电压曲线，从电压曲线的变化情况判断电池内电芯是否析锂。
103、当电压曲线中包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定电池析锂。
在本申请实施例中，电池在充电过程中未发生析锂现象时，电压曲线呈现平滑的下降趋势；电池在充电过程中发生析锂现象时，阳极表面析出的部分锂晶体会重新嵌入阳极，延缓电压的下降，使得电压曲线呈现平台区间或者反弹区间。图2为本申请实施例提供的电压曲线的第一示意图，如图2所示图2，电压曲线中区域A表示呈现平台区间，图3为本申请实施例提供的电压曲线的第二示意图，如图3所示，电压曲线中区域B表示呈现反弹区间。因此，可以通过电压曲线中是否包含平台区间或者反弹区间来判断电池是否发生析锂。当电压曲线中包含有平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定电池已经析锂。
图4为本申请实施例提供的电池析锂的检测方法实施例的第二流程图，如图4所示，本实施例的电池析锂的检测方法，在前述内容的基础上，还可以包括如下步骤：
100、确定电池的累计充电次数是否达到指定阈值。
在本申请实施例中的电池在制造完成后，会预先为该电池设置一个指定阈值，其目的在于能够在电池容易出现析锂风险时，提前对电池进行检查，因此，在本申请实施例中，在每次准备为电池充电时，均需要确定本次为电池充电的累计充电次数，当累计充电次数达到指定阈值时，需要在本次充电结束后，静置电池。
在一个具体的实现过程中，指定阈值可以是100，即当第100次对电池进行充电后，需要静置电池。
在一个具体的实现过程中，指定阈值还可以是某个数值的倍数，例如，充电次数为50的倍数，即当第50次、100次，以此类推，对电池进行充电后，均需要静置电池。
因此，在本申请实施例中，步骤101可以具体执行为“若充电次数达到指定阈值，在本次充电结束后，静置电池”。
在本申请实施例中，静置电池可以按照预设的静置时长静置电池。
由于电池在刚结束充电时，一定时长内电池的电压是不稳定的，会出现较为明显的下降，因此，为了获得一个较为准确的数据，在一个具体的实现过程中，静置时长可以是电池从静置开始的一段时长。例如，静置时长为5分钟，又例如，静置时长为3小时。
因此，例如，若静置时长为5分钟，则获取5分钟内电池的电压曲线，又例如，若静置时长为3小时，则获取3小时内电池的电压曲线或者获取3小时内的一段时间对应的电压曲线。由于锂离子电池静置过程是一个锂离子扩散行为，根据活性材料粒径尺寸以及锂离子固有扩散系数计算，电芯满充后静置时长大于或者等于5分钟，且小于或者等于180分钟。
图5为本申请实施例提供的电池析锂的检测方法实施例的第三流程图，如图5所示，本实施例的电池析锂的检测方法，在前述内容的基础上，还可以包括如下步骤：
104、输出电池的状态信息。
在一个具体的实现过程中，状态信息可以包括第一状态信息和第二状态信息。其中，第一状态信息可以包括本次为电池充电的充电倍率以及表示电池内的电芯已析锂的状态信息。在本申请实施例中，锂电池可以应用在电动汽车中，但并不局限于电动汽车，还可以是其他使用锂电池的环境中。
例如，当采集到的电池在静置过程中的电压曲线中包含有平台区间，则输出电池的第一状态信息可以在电动汽车的显示屏中输出 “电池出现故障”的文字提示信息。
又例如，当采集到的电池在静置过程中的电压曲线中包含有平台区间，输出电池的第一状态信息，可以向电池中控平台输出本次为电池充电的充电倍率以及电池内的电芯已析锂的信息。
在本申请实施例中，还可以输出第二状态信息，第二状态信息包含电池未析锂。
图6为本申请实施例提供的电池析锂的检测方法实施例的第四流程图，如图6所示，本实施例的电池析锂的检测方法，在前述内容的基础上，还可以包括如下步骤：
105、若电压曲线中未包含平台区间或者反弹区间，确定电池正常。
在本申请实施例中，电池在充电过程中未发生析锂现象时，电压曲线呈现平滑的下降趋势，未包含平台区间或者反弹区间，则可以判断电池未出现析锂，输出第二状态信息，在一个具体的实现过程中，第二状态信息可以是电池状态正常。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的电池的电芯为锂离子电芯，电芯中的正极包含能脱出、接受锂离子的材料，电芯中的负极包含能接受、脱出锂离子的材料。其中，正极可选自的锂过渡金属复合氧化物，包含锂钴氧化物、锂镍氧化物、锂锰氧化物、锂镍锰氧化物、锂镍钴锰氧化物、锂镍钴铝氧化物以及这些锂过渡金属氧化物添加其他过渡金属或非过渡金属得到的化合物，上述物质的一种或几种的混合物。负极可选自能接受、脱出锂离子的材料为软碳、硬碳、人造石墨、天然石墨，能与锂形成合金的金属等。
为了使本申请更加具有可行性，以下结合附图和测试方案，对本申请进一步详细说明。应当理解的是，本说明书中给出的测试方案只是为了解释本申请，并非为了限定本申请，本申请并不局限于说明书中给出的测试方案。为了保障测试的准确性，使用如下电芯进行测试。
将活性物质LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2、导电剂乙炔黑、粘结剂聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)按重量比90：7：3在N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂体系中充 分搅拌混合均匀后，涂覆于Al箔上烘干、冷压，得到正极极片。
将活性物质人造石墨、导电剂乙炔黑、粘结剂丁苯橡胶(SBR)、增稠剂碳甲基纤维素钠(CMC)按照重量比91.1：2：6.5：0.4在去离子水溶剂体系中充分搅拌混合均匀后，涂覆于Cu箔上烘干、冷压，得到负极极片。以PE多孔聚合薄膜作为隔离膜。将正极极片、隔离膜、负极极片按顺序叠好，使隔离膜处于阴阳极中间起到隔离的作用，通过叠片法得到裸电芯。将裸电芯置于外包装中，注入配好的基础电解液并封装。
按上述步骤制备8个电芯，编号为电芯一～电芯八，电芯一至电芯五初始容量各不相同(分别为3Ah、4Ah、5Ah、6Ah、30Ah)，电芯六至电芯八初始容量均与电芯五相同。
电芯一的测试过程如下：
测试温度：25℃
步骤一，以1C倍率给电芯一满放，直到电芯的电压达到2.7V。
步骤二，以26C倍率给电芯一满充至上限电压4.3V，再在充电结束后静置300s，同步采集电芯电压衰减曲线。
电芯二的测试过程如下：
测试温度：25℃
步骤一，以1C倍率给电芯二满放，直到电芯的电压达到2.7V。
步骤二，以26C倍率给电芯二满充至上限电压4.3V，再在充电结束后静置1800s，同步采集电芯电压衰减曲线。
电芯三的测试过程如下：
测试温度：25℃
步骤一，以1C倍率给电芯三满放，直到电芯的电压达到2.7V。
步骤二，以26C倍率给电芯三满充至上限电压4.3V，再在充电结束后静置6000s，同步采集电芯电压衰减曲线。
电芯四的测试过程如下：
测试温度：25℃
步骤一，以1C倍率给电芯四满放，直到电芯的电压达到2.7V。
步骤二，以26C倍率给电芯四满充至上限电压4.3V，再在充电 结束后静置3h，同步采集电芯电压衰减曲线。
电芯五的测试过程如下：
测试温度：25℃
步骤一，以0.7C倍率给电芯六满放，直到电芯的电压达到2.7V。
步骤二，以0.7C倍率给电芯六满充至上限电压4.3V，再在充电结束后静置3h，同步采集电芯电压衰减曲线。
电芯六的测试过程如下：
测试温度：25℃
步骤一，以1C倍率给电芯六满放，直到电芯的电压达到2.7V。
步骤二，以1C倍率给电芯六满充至上限电压4.3V，再在充电结束后静置3h，同步采集电芯电压衰减曲线。
电芯七的测试过程如下：
测试温度：25℃
步骤一，以1C倍率给电芯七满放，直到电芯的电压达到2.7V。
步骤二，以1.2C倍率给电芯七满充至上限电压4.3V，再在充电结束后静置3h，同步采集电芯电压衰减曲线。
电芯八的测试过程如下：
测试温度：25℃
步骤一，以1C倍率给电芯八满放，直到电芯的电压达到2.7V。
步骤二，以1.5C倍率给电芯八满充至上限电压4.3V，再在充电结束后静置3h，同步采集电芯电压衰减曲线。
测试结果如下：
图7为电芯一的电压曲线图，如图7所示，电压曲线在300s区间内明显表现出反弹区间特征，判定析锂。经过拆解电芯观察，阳极极片表面有白色锂枝晶析出，与理论判定结果一致。
图8为电芯二的电压曲线图，如图8所示，电压曲线在1800s区间内表现出更为显著的反弹特征，可以判定析锂。经过拆解电芯观察，阳极极片表面有白色锂枝晶析出，与理论判定结果一致。
图9为电芯三的电压曲线图，如图9所示，电压曲线在192s至 5415s之间出现电压平台区间，随后电压开始下降，表现出明显析锂特征，可以判定析锂。经过拆解电芯观察，阳极极片表面有白色锂枝晶析出，与理论判定结果一致。
图10为电芯四的电压曲线图，如图10所示，电压曲线在静置115s后表现出显著电压反弹现象，随后很快达到电压峰值并在3h内一直保持恒定，不同于正常的电压衰减特征，可以判定析锂。经过拆解电芯观察，阳极极片表面有白色锂枝晶析出，与理论判定结果一致。
图11为电芯五的电压曲线图，如图11所示，电压曲线在3h内都是呈持续下降趋势，而且电压下降速率逐渐减小，没有表现出平台区间和反弹区间特征，判定未析锂。经过拆解电芯观察，阳极极片表面未发现有白色锂枝晶析出，与理论判定结果一致。
图12为电芯六的电压曲线图，如图12所示，电压曲线在3h内都是呈持续下降趋势，而且电压下降速率逐渐减小，没有表现出平台区间和反弹区间特征，判定未析锂。经过拆解电芯观察，阳极极片表面未发现有白色锂枝晶析出，与理论判定结果一致。
图13为电芯七的电压曲线图，如图13所示，电压曲线在0-3h时间区间内，明显出现电压反弹现象，判定明显析锂。经过拆解电芯观察，阳极极片表面发现有白色锂枝晶析出，与理论判定结果一致。
图14为电芯八的电压曲线图，如图14所示，电压曲线在0-3h时间区间内显示出更为严重的电压反弹现象，判定严重析锂。经过拆解电芯观察，阳极极片表面发现有更多的白色锂枝晶析出，与理论判定结果一致。
通过电芯一至电芯八的测试可得出，本申请提供的电池析锂检测方法准确率高，可替代人工拆卸电池来判断是否析锂的方法；且从电芯五～电芯八的测试结果可以看出，使用本申请的方法，通过有限次的试验可以得出电芯的析锂临界倍率，为电池的开发及使用提供理论依据，具有重要意义。
若将本申请的析锂检测方法用于电池管理系统中，电压曲线中 包含有平台区间或者反弹区间，则输出电池的第一状态信息，使得用户可以根据输出的第一状态信息即可确定电池已发生析锂，因此，在本申请实施例中，仅需要根据采集到的电压曲线就可以判定电芯是否发生析锂，提高了判断的准确性，并且根据单次为电池进行充电的结果就可以进行判断，相比较于现有技术中需要反复实验的方式，提高了判断电芯是否发生析锂的效率，以及用户无需将电池内的电芯进行拆卸，提高了安全性，解决了通过人工观察的方式判断电芯是否析锂的及时性比较差的问题。
图15为本申请实施例提供的电池管理系统中的第一模块示意图，如图15所示，本申请的电池管理系统，可以包括：静置单元11、采集单元12以及第一确定单元13。
静置单元11，用于在电池充电结束后，静置电池。
采集单元12，用于采集电池在静置过程中的电压曲线。
第一确定单元13，用于当电压曲线中包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定电池析锂。
本实施例的装置，可以用于执行图1所示方法实施例的技术方案，其实现原理和技术效果类似，此处不再赘述。
图16为本申请实施例提供的电池管理系统中的第二模块示意图，如图16所示，本实施例的电池状态的检测装置，在前述内容基础上，还可以包括：第二确定单元14。
第二确定单元14，用于确定电池的累计充电次数是否达到指定阈值。
静置单元11，具体用于，
当充电次数达到指定阈值时，静置电池。
本实施例的装置，可以用于执行图4所示方法实施例的技术方案，其实现原理和技术效果类似，此处不再赘述。
图17为本申请实施例提供的电池管理系统中的第三模块示意图，如图17所示，本实施例的电池状态的检测装置，在前述内容基础上，还可以包括：第一输出单元15和第二输出单元17。
第一输出单元15，用于输出电池的第一状态信息，所述第一状 态信息包括电池已析锂。
第二输出单元17，用于输出所述电池的第二状态信息，所述第二状态信息包括电池未析锂。
静置单元11，具体用于，
按照预设的静置时长静置电池。
在一个具体的实现过程中，所述静置时长大于或者等于5分钟，且小于或者等于180分钟。
在一个具体的实现过程中，所述指定阈值为50的倍数。
本实施例的装置，可以用于执行图5所示方法实施例的技术方案，其实现原理和技术效果类似，此处不再赘述。
图18为本申请实施例提供的电池管理系统中的第四模块示意图，如图18所示，本实施例的电池状态的检测装置，在前述内容基础上，还可以包括：第三确定单元16。
第三确定单元16，用于当电压曲线中未包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定电池正常。
本实施例的装置，可以用于执行图6所示方法实施例的技术方案，其实现原理和技术效果类似，此处不再赘述。
图19为本申请实施例提供的电池系统中的模块示意图，如图19所示，本申请实施例还提供一种电池系统，包括电池1以及前述内容中任意一种电池管理系统2。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述各方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成。前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中。该程序在执行时，执行包括上述各方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括：ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到至少两个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术 人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池析锂的检测方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在电池充电结束后，静置所述电池；
    采集所述电池在静置过程中的电压曲线；
    当所述电压曲线中包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定所述电池析锂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述静置电池之前，所述方法还包括：
    确定所述电池的累计充电次数是否达到指定阈值；
    所述静置电池，包括：
    当所述充电次数达到指定阈值时，静置所述电池。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述指定阈值为50的倍数。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述静置电池，包括：
    按照预设的静置时长静置所述电池。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述静置时长大于或者等于5分钟，且小于或者等于180分钟。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当所述电压曲线中未包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定所述电池正常。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    输出所述电池的状态信息。
  8. 一种电池管理系统，其特征在于，包括：
    静置单元，用于在电池充电结束后，静置所述电池；
    采集单元，用于采集所述电池在静置过程中的电压曲线；
    第一确定单元，用于当所述电压曲线中包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定所述电池析锂。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括：
    第二确定单元，用于确定所述电池的累计充电次数是否达到指定阈值；
    所述静置单元，具体用于，
    当所述充电次数达到指定阈值时，静置所述电池。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述指定阈值为50的倍数。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述静置单元，具体用于，
    按照预设的静置时长静置所述电池。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述静置时长大于或者等于5分钟，且小于或者等于180分钟。
  13. 根据权利要求8～12中任一项所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括：
    第三确定单元，用于当所述电压曲线中未包含平台区间或者反弹区间时，确定所述电池正常。
  14. 根据权利要求8～13中任一项所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括：
    第一输出单元，用于输出所述电池的第一状态信息。
  15. 根据权利要求8～14所述的电池管理系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括：
    第二输出单元，用于输出所述电池的第二状态信息。
  16. 一种电池系统，其特征在于，包括电池以及如权利要求8～15中任一项所述的电池管理系统。
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