WO2016091116A1 - 锂离子电池筛选方法 - Google Patents

锂离子电池筛选方法 Download PDF

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WO2016091116A1
WO2016091116A1 PCT/CN2015/096273 CN2015096273W WO2016091116A1 WO 2016091116 A1 WO2016091116 A1 WO 2016091116A1 CN 2015096273 W CN2015096273 W CN 2015096273W WO 2016091116 A1 WO2016091116 A1 WO 2016091116A1
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lithium ion
ion battery
discharge
constant current
voltage
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PCT/CN2015/096273
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨永
张宏生
何向明
李建军
李团伟
李国华
王淑慧
王莉
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江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司
清华大学
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Publication of WO2016091116A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016091116A1/zh
Priority to US15/618,086 priority Critical patent/US20170276733A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/386—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables using test-loads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lithium ion battery, and more particularly to a screening method for a lithium ion battery that rejects a battery having a large self-discharge.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have energy-saving products with high specific energy, high cycle performance and no memory efficiency. It has been widely used in industries such as photovoltaic energy storage, power vehicles, power tools and digital products, and its pollution-free performance has gradually replaced lead-acid batteries. Although the manufacturing performance of single cell is generally improved, the lithium ion battery module still has self-discharge unevenness, and even the monomer cycle can exceed 2000-3000 times, but the general performance of the group is reduced by 15%. It is self-discharge and sorting technology is not enough.
  • the general PACK sorting usually only selects batteries with small capacity gap and small internal resistance difference, and assembles into modules, but often ignores the self-discharge aspect, which causes poor performance of the group loop.
  • the prior art generally controls the cut-off voltage of charge and discharge, but since the self-discharge voltage of the lithium ion battery is inconsistent, the voltage drop is inconsistent as the discharge time is prolonged, thereby shortening the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery module.
  • a lithium ion battery screening method comprises: discharging a plurality of lithium ion batteries with a constant current I 1 to a discharge cutoff voltage V 0 ; leaving a certain time T 1 to restore the electrochemical system of the lithium ion battery to a stable state; The stream I 2 charges the plurality of lithium ion batteries to the charge cutoff voltage V 1 ; after leaving for a certain time T 2 , the lithium ion battery having a self-discharge voltage difference greater than 0.1 V is rejected.
  • a lithium ion battery screening method comprises: partially discharging a lithium ion battery to a cut-off voltage by a constant current I 1 for a lithium ion battery; and leaving an open circuit voltage of the lithium ion battery to U 2 for a time of leaving T 1 , wherein U 2 Less than the inflection point voltage; the lithium-ion battery is charged with a constant current I 2 to the inflection point voltage of the lithium ion battery charging curve, where I 2 ⁇ I 1 ; the T 2 time is set aside, and the self-discharged lithium ion battery is eliminated.
  • the screening method of the lithium ion battery provided by the present invention fully considers the voltage drop caused by the self-discharge of the lithium ion battery, and the plurality of charging and discharging methods are adopted to make the plurality of shelves into standby.
  • the lithium-ion battery station has reached the same "starting line".
  • the lithium-ion battery with large self-discharge is the voltage drop, which ensures the accuracy of the screening of the lithium-ion battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a screening method of a lithium ion battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the voltage decay of a lithium ion battery after being left for 7 days in the lithium ion battery screening method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for screening a lithium ion battery according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a screening method of a lithium ion battery according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • a screening method for a lithium ion battery mainly includes the following steps:
  • Step S10 discharging a plurality of lithium ion batteries at a constant current I 1 to a discharge cutoff voltage V 0 ;
  • Step S11 leaving a certain time T 1 ;
  • Step S12 a constant current I 2 to the plurality of lithium-ion battery to the charge off voltage V 1;
  • step S13 after a certain time T 2 is set, the battery with a large self-discharge is removed.
  • the magnitude of the constant current I 1 may be selected according to the capacity of the lithium ion battery. If the capacity of the lithium ion battery is C (unit: Ah), the constant current I 1 may have a size of 0.5 C-1 C (unit: A). In this embodiment, the capacity of the lithium ion battery is 20 Ah, and the size of the constant current I 1 is 10 A.
  • the discharge cutoff voltage V 0 may be 2.0V-3.0V, and may be selected according to different lithium ion battery materials and discharge curves, so that the remaining capacity of the lithium ion battery reaches a relatively stable state. In this embodiment, the discharge cutoff voltage V 0 is 2.5V.
  • the rest time T 1 may be 5-10 minutes, and may be designed according to the sensitivity of the device used and the degree of reaction, so that the electrochemical system after the end of charge and discharge of the lithium ion battery is restored to a stable state. Further, the discharge voltage of the lithium ion battery in a stable state is less than 0.2 mA, and further, the discharge voltage is less than 0.1 mA.
  • the constant current I 2 may be the same size or different from I 1 , and may also be 0.5 C-1 C, and may be selected according to the capacity of the lithium ion battery to set the lithium in a shorter time.
  • the ion battery is fully charged.
  • the constant current I 2 is 10A.
  • the charge cutoff voltage V 1 varies according to the lithium ion battery, and can be selected according to the lithium ion battery material system and the charge and discharge curve, and can be 3.15V, 3.10V, 3.20V, 3.7V, and the like. In this embodiment, the charge cutoff voltage V 1 is 3.10V.
  • the charged charge cutoff current I 0 is as small as possible, and may be 0.001 C to 0.04 C. Further, the charge off current is from 0.01 C to 0.02 C. In this embodiment, the charge cutoff current is 0.2A. In the above manner, the charge cutoff current I 0 can be reduced, the charge cutoff voltage V 1 can be made relatively stable, and the subsequent misjudgment due to current instability can be reduced.
  • the rest time T 2 may be 5 days to 12 days, and the rest time is selected according to different materials to enable a more obvious self-discharge phenomenon.
  • the materials are mainly based on the separation basis of lithium ion phosphate cathode materials such as lithium iron phosphate, lithium ternary nickel cobalt cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, etc., so that the self-discharge phenomenon can be more obvious.
  • the self-discharge standard can be selected according to requirements. In this embodiment, the self-discharge voltage is greater than 0.1V, and the self-discharge voltage difference is greater than 0.1V.
  • 100-200 lithium iron phosphate battery can be selected for data statistics.
  • the cell is placed on hold.
  • a voltage test is performed.
  • the initial voltage is set to 3.1V, and the voltage test is performed at intervals according to the extension of time. According to the hold time, the attenuation is obtained after 7 days, and the result is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the voltage decay during the shelf life is related to the voltage and the hold time when it is put on.
  • the attenuation it can be considered as self-discharge.
  • This is a standard selection problem and can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the lithium ion battery is discharged to 2.5 V and recharged to 3.1 V (charge termination current 0.01 C), it is left for 7 days, and the voltage attenuation is greater than or equal to 0.1 V to determine that the self-discharge is large.
  • the self-discharge batch battery sorting can clearly select and eliminate the lithium ion battery from the relatively large discharge.
  • a screening method for a lithium ion battery according to a second embodiment of the present invention mainly includes the following steps:
  • Step S20 discharging the lithium-ion battery to the inflection point voltage of the lithium ion battery discharge curve with the constant current I 1 to the lithium ion battery;
  • Step S21 leaving T 1 time, the open circuit voltage of the lithium ion battery is raised to U 1 ;
  • Step S22 discharging the lithium ion battery at a constant current I 2 to a knee point voltage of a discharge curve of the lithium ion battery, wherein I 2 ⁇ I 1 ;
  • Step S23 the standing time T 2 after excluding large self-discharge of the battery.
  • step S20 the constant current I 2 is 0.02 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged to the inflection point voltage of the lithium ion battery discharge curve by 3.10 V.
  • step S21 after a standing time T 1, the lithium ion battery open circuit voltage will rise, the size of the pick-up related to the size of the magnitude of the discharge current, particularly, may be greater than the open circuit voltage discharge curve knee voltage.
  • the U 1 is about 3.15V. Therefore, it is necessary to discharge again through step S22 to bring the remaining capacity of the lithium ion battery to a relatively stable state.
  • the constant current I 2 is much smaller than the constant current I 1 . Specifically, the constant current I 2 is less than or equal to one fifth of the I 1 . That is 0.1C-0.2C. In this embodiment, the constant current I 2 is 0.1 C, which is one fifth of I 1 . It can be understood that the smaller the constant current I 2 is , such as 0.01 C, 0.05 C, etc., but the corresponding required discharge time is increased.
  • the lithium ion battery in the semi-electric state is discharged to 3.1 V at a small current, and a battery with a relatively large self-discharge is selected, and the voltage is analyzed and experimentally utilized. Attenuation determines the self-discharge size of the battery is feasible.
  • a screening method for a lithium ion battery according to a third embodiment of the present invention mainly includes the following steps:
  • Step S30 the lithium ion battery in a constant current I section 1 of the lithium ion battery is discharged to a discharge cutoff voltage curve;
  • Step S31 leaving T 1 time, the open circuit voltage of the lithium ion battery is raised to U 2 ;
  • Step S32 charging the lithium ion battery with a constant current I 2 to a knee point charging curve of the lithium ion battery, wherein I 2 ⁇ I 1 ;
  • step S33 the T 2 time is set aside, and the self-discharged battery is removed.
  • the screening method of the lithium ion battery provided by the third embodiment of the present invention is basically the same as that of the second embodiment, except that in step S31, the open circuit voltage of the lithium ion battery rises back to U 2 , and U 2 is smaller than the discharge curve. Turning point voltage.
  • the lithium ion battery recovery time T hold to 3.05V. Therefore, in the subsequent step S32, the lithium ion battery is subjected to small current charging to the inflection point voltage of the lithium ion battery charging curve, so that the remaining capacity of the lithium ion battery reaches a relatively stable state.
  • the constant current I 2 has a size equal to or less than 2/1 of the constant current I 1 , and may be less than 1/3, less than 1/5, and the like. In this embodiment, the constant current I 2 has a size of 2 A. It can be understood that the constant current I 2 can also be less than 1 A, less than 0.5 A, and the like. Please refer to Table 3 together.
  • the lithium ion battery After the constant current charging is completed, the lithium ion battery is left for a certain period of time, and a lithium ion battery with a large self-discharge is selected and proposed.
  • the screening method of the lithium ion battery fully considers the voltage drop caused by the self-discharge of the lithium ion battery, and the plurality of lithium ion battery stations that have been put on hold are brought to the same by multiple charging and discharging methods.
  • a "starting" line during the shelving period, the voltage drop is much self-discharge, and will not cause misjudgment.
  • the voltage drop of the lithium ion battery in the lithium ion battery module is substantially the same, thereby improving the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery module.

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Abstract

一种锂离子电池筛选方法，包括：对多个锂离子电池以恒流I 1放电至放电截止电压V 0；搁置一定时间T 1，使锂离子电池的电化学体系恢复到稳定状态；以恒流I 2对所述多个锂离子电池充电至充电截止电压V 1；搁置一定时间T 2后，将自放电较大的锂离子电池剔除。所述锂离子电池筛选方法能够准确地剔除自放电大的锂离子电池。

Description

锂离子电池筛选方法 技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池，尤其涉及到一种剔除自放电大的电池的锂离子电池的筛选方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有高比能量、高循环性能、无记忆效益的节能型产品。已经广泛应用于光伏储能、动力汽车、电动工具以及数码产品等行业中，其无污染性能逐渐取代铅酸电池。虽然目前单体电芯的制造性能普遍提高，然而锂离子电池模组依然出现自放电参差不齐，甚至单体循环能够超过2000-3000次，但是成组普遍性能下降15%，究其原因主要是自放电以及分选技术不过关。
目前，一般PACK分选通常只挑选容量差距、内阻差距较小的电池，组装成模块，但是往往忽略了自放电这方面，这造成了成组循环的性能不好。另外，现有技术一般控制充放电的截止电压，但是由于锂离子电池自放电的电压不一致，随着放电时间的延长，导致电压压降不一致，从而缩短了锂离子电池模组的循环性能。
发明内容
综上所述，确有必要提供一种考虑锂离子电池自放电的锂离子电池的筛选方法。
一种锂离子电池筛选方法，包括：对多个锂离子电池以恒流I1放电至放电截止电压V0；搁置一定时间T1，使锂离子电池的电化学体系恢复到稳定状态；以恒流I2对所述多个锂离子电池充电至充电截止电压V1；搁置一定时间T2后，将自放电电压差大于0.1V的锂离子电池剔除。
一种锂离子电池筛选方法，包括：对锂离子电池以恒流I1对锂离子电池部分放电至截止电压；搁置T1时间，所述锂离子电池的开路电压回升至U2，其中U2小于拐点电压；对锂离子电池以恒流I2充电至锂离子电池充电曲线的拐点电压，其中I2<<I1；搁置T2时间，剔除自放电大的锂离子电池。
相对于现有技术，本发明提供的锂离子电池的筛选方法，充分的考虑了由于锂离子电池的自放电造成的电压下降问题，通过多次的充电、放电的方式，使得进入搁置的多个锂离子电池站到了同一个“起跑”线上，在搁置期内，电压降的多的即为自放电大的锂离子电池，从而保证了锂离子电池的筛选的准确性。
 附图说明
图1为本发明第一实施例提供的锂离子电池筛选方法的示意图。
图2本发明锂离子电池筛选方法中锂离子电池搁置7天后的电压衰减情况。
图3为本发明第二实施例提供的锂离子电池筛选方法的示意图。
图4为本发明第三实施例提供的锂离子电池筛选方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图详细说明本发明提供的锂离子电池的筛选方法。
请参阅图1，本发明第一实施例提供的锂离子电池的筛选方法主要包括如下步骤：
步骤S10，对多个锂离子电池以恒流I1放电至放电截止电压V0；
步骤S11，搁置一定时间T1；
步骤S12，以恒流I2对所述多个锂离子电池充电至充电截止电压V1；
步骤S13，搁置一定时间T2后，并将自放电较大的电池剔除。
在步骤S10中，所述恒流I1的大小可以根据锂离子电池的容量进行选择。设锂离子电池的容量为C(单位：Ah)，则所述恒流I1的大小可为0.5C-1C（单位：A）。本实施例中，所述锂离子电池的容量为20Ah，所述恒流I1的大小为10A。所述放电截止电压V0可为2.0V-3.0V，可以根据不同的锂离子电池材料及放电曲线进行选择，以使所述锂离子电池剩余容量达到较稳定的状态。本实施例中，所述放电截止电压V0为2.5V。
在步骤S11中，所述搁置时间T1可为5-10分钟，可以根据所使用的设备的灵敏度以及反应程度进行设计，以使锂离子电池充放电结束后的电化学体系恢复到稳定状态。进一步，处于稳定状态的锂离子电池的放电电压小于0.2mA，进一步，放电电压小于0.1mA。
在步骤S12中，所述恒流I2的大小可与I1相同或不同，同样可为0.5C-1C，可以根据锂离子电池的容量进行选择，以在较短的时间内将所述锂离子电池电量充满。本实施例中，所述恒流I2为10A。所述充电截止电压V1根据锂离子电池的不同而不同，可根据锂离子电池材料体系以及充放电曲线进行选择，可为3.15V、3.10V、3.20V、3.7V等。本实施例中，所述充电截止电压V1为3.10V。当所述锂离子电池到达充电截止电压V1时，所述充电的充电截止电流I0尽可能的小，可为0.001C-0.04C。进一步，所述充电截止电流的大小为0.01C-0.02C。本实施例中，所述充电截止电流为0.2A。通过以上方式，能够减小充电截止电流I0，可以使得充电截止电压V1达到比较稳定的趋势，减少后续因为电流不稳定而造成的误判。
在步骤S13中，所述搁置时间T2可为5天-12天，其搁置时间根据材料不同进行选择，以能够显现较为明显的自放电现象。所述材料不同主要根据为磷酸铁锂、三元镍钴锰酸锂、锰酸锂等不同种锂离子正极材料为主的分选依据，以使自放电现象能够更明显。在剔除过程中，自放电较大的标准可以根据需求进行选择，本实施例中，以自放电电压差值0.1V为标准，自放电电压差大于0.1V的为自放电较大的电池。
请一并参阅表一，以磷酸铁锂电池20Ah为例，则0.5C=10A，0.1C=2A，以此类推，6A=0.3C等，该电池分选之前可先在进行常温搁置，且搁置的电压为3.4V，使所述磷酸铁锂电池处于通常所说的半电状态。
表一 磷酸铁锂电池筛选过程
Figure WO167-appb-I000001
可选择100-200只磷酸铁锂离子电池，进行数据统计，根据表一执行完工步之后，进行电芯搁置。在搁置时间中，进行电压测试。搁置初始电压为3.1V，随着时间的延长，每隔一段时间进行电压测试，根据搁置时间的不同，直至7天后，得出衰减情况，结果如图2所示。
搁置期内电压衰减与搁置时的电压和搁置时间相关，至于衰减多少就可以认为是自放电大，这就是一个标准选择问题，可以根据实际需要进行选择。本实施例中，当锂离子电池放电至2.5V再充电至3.1V（充电终止电流0.01C），搁置7天，电压衰减大于等于0.1V的就可以确定是自放电大。同时根据该标准进行自放电批量的电池分选，可以明显挑选并剔除出来自放电比较大的锂离子电池。
请参阅图3，本发明第二实施例提供的锂离子电池的筛选方法主要包括如下步骤：
步骤S20，对锂离子电池以恒流I1对锂离子电池放电至锂离子电池放电曲线的拐点电压；
步骤S21，搁置T1时间，锂离子电池的开路电压回升至U1；
步骤S22，对锂离子电池以恒流I2进行放电至至锂离子电池放电曲线的拐点电压，其中I2<<I1；
步骤S23，搁置时间T2后剔除自放电大的电池。
在步骤S20中，所述恒流I2为0.02C，所述锂离子电池放电至锂离子电池放电曲线的拐点电压3.10V。
在步骤S21中，经过搁置时间T1之后，所述锂离子电池的开路电压会回升，所述回升幅度的大小与放电电流的大小相关，具体的，开路电压可大于放电曲线拐点电压。本实施例中，所述U1约为3.15V。因此，需要经过步骤S22再次放电，使锂离子电池剩余容量达到较稳定的状态。
在步骤S22中，与第一实施例不同，所述恒流I2大小远远小于所述恒流I1的大小，具体的，所述恒流I2小于等于I1的五分之一，即0.1C-0.2C。本实施例中，所述恒流I2为0.1C，为I1的五分之一。可以理解，所述恒流I2越小越好，如0.01C，0.05C等，但相应的所需放电时间会增加。
请一并参阅表二。
表二 磷酸铁锂电池筛选过程
Figure WO167-appb-I000002
根据与第一实施例基本相同的方式，将半电状态的锂离子电池同样以小电流放电至3.1V，挑选出自放电比较大的电池，经过实验进行分析以及实际应用利用电池在搁置期间的电压衰减判断电池的自放电大小是可行的。
请参阅图4，本发明第三实施例提供的锂离子电池的筛选方法主要包括如下步骤：
步骤S30，对锂离子电池以恒流I1对锂离子电池部分放电至放电曲线的截止电压；
步骤S31，搁置T1时间，所述锂离子电池的开路电压回升至U2；
步骤S32，对锂离子电池以恒流I2充电至锂离子电池充电曲线的拐点电压，其中I2<<I1；
步骤S33，搁置T2时间，剔除自放电大的电池。
本发明第三实施例提供的锂离子电池的筛选方法与第二实施例基本相同，其不同在于，在步骤S31中，所述锂离子电池的开路电压回升至U2，且U2小于放电曲线的拐点电压。本实施例中，经过搁置时间T1之后，所述锂离子电池的开路电压回升至3.05V。因此，在后续的步骤S32中，对所述锂离子电池进行小电流充电至锂离子电池充电曲线的拐点电压，使得所述锂离子电池的剩余容量达到较稳定的状态。所述恒流I2的大小小于等于恒流I1的2/1，可小于1/3，小于1/5等等。本实施例中，恒流I2的大小为2A，可以理解，所述恒流I2也可小于1A，小于0.5A等等。请一并参阅表三。
表三 磷酸铁锂电池筛选过程
Figure WO167-appb-I000003
恒流充电完成之后，将锂离子电池搁置一定时间后，挑选并提出自放电较大的锂离子电池。
本发明提供的锂离子电池的筛选方法，充分的考虑了由于锂离子电池的自放电造成的电压下降问题，通过多次的充电、放电的方式，使得进入搁置的多个锂离子电池站到了同一个“起跑”线上，在搁置期内，电压降的多的就是自放电大，不会造成误判。通过剔除自放电大的锂离子电池，使得锂离子电池模组中的锂离子电池的压降基本一致，从而提高了锂离子电池模组的循环性能。
另外，本领域技术人员还可在本发明精神内作其它变化，当然这些依据本发明精神所作的变化，都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种锂离子电池筛选方法，包括：
    对多个锂离子电池以恒流I1放电至放电截止电压V0；
    搁置一定时间T1，使锂离子电池的电化学体系恢复到稳定状态；
    以恒流I2对所述多个锂离子电池充电至充电截止电压V1；
    搁置一定时间T2后，将自放电电压差大于0.1V的锂离子电池剔除。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的锂离子电池筛选方法，其特征在于，设锂离子电池的容量的大小为C，单位：Ah，则所述恒流I1的大小为0.5C-1C，单位：A。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的锂离子电池筛选方法，其特征在于，所述恒流I2的大小为0.5C-1C，所述锂离子电池充电至充电截止电压V1时的充电截止电流I0为0.001C-0.04C。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的锂离子电池筛选方法，其特征在于，所述搁置时间T1为5-10分钟。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的锂离子电池筛选方法，其特征在于，所述搁置时间T2为5天-12天。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的锂离子电池筛选方法，其特征在于，锂离子电池的电化学体系恢复到稳定状态时自放电电流小于0.2mA。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的锂离子电池筛选方法，其特征在于，在对锂离子电池以恒流I1放电之前进一步包括一将锂离子电池进行常温搁置的步骤，使所述锂离子电池处于半电状态。
  8. 一种锂离子电池筛选方法，包括：
    对锂离子电池以恒流I1对锂离子电池放电至放电曲线的截止电压；
    搁置时间T1，所述锂离子电池的开路电压回升至U2，其中U2小于锂离子电池的放电曲线的拐点电压；
    对锂离子电池以恒流I2充电至锂离子电池充电曲线的拐点电压，其中I2<<I1；
    搁置时间T2，剔除自放电电压差大于0.1V的锂离子电池。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的锂离子电池筛选方法，其特征在于，恒流I1为10A，恒流I2为2A。
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