WO2018201531A1 - 一种带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头 - Google Patents

一种带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018201531A1
WO2018201531A1 PCT/CN2017/085442 CN2017085442W WO2018201531A1 WO 2018201531 A1 WO2018201531 A1 WO 2018201531A1 CN 2017085442 W CN2017085442 W CN 2017085442W WO 2018201531 A1 WO2018201531 A1 WO 2018201531A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stepped
hole
sleeve
tapered
impeller
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PCT/CN2017/085442
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高建民
马俊龙
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江苏大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to US16/608,119 priority Critical patent/US11517931B2/en
Publication of WO2018201531A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018201531A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0433—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of gas surrounded by an external conduit of liquid upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B05B17/0615—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers spray being produced at the free surface of the liquid or other fluent material in a container and subjected to the vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0692—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B05B17/0653—Details
    • B05B17/0669—Excitation frequencies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/2402—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device
    • B05B7/2405—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle
    • B05B7/2424—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle the carried liquid and the main stream of atomising fluid being brought together downstream of the container before discharge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a two-phase flow atomizing nozzle, in particular to a stepped cavity low-frequency ultrasonic atomizing nozzle with a vortex flow impeller.
  • the atomization methods used mainly include piezoelectric ultrasonic atomization and mechanical atomization (such as two-phase flow atomization with superior droplet particles), and the piezoelectric ultrasonic atomization nozzle has The advantages of fine and uniform mist droplets, but the atomization amount is small, only suitable for small-scale atomization cultivation; the advantage of the two-phase flow atomization nozzle is that the atomization amount is large, and the disadvantage is that the droplet size is large and the uniformity is poor.
  • the two-phase flow nozzle is optimized to fully utilize the energy of the high-speed airflow, and the atomization nozzle which can generate fine and uniform high-quality mist droplets and large atomization amount is the urgent task of large-scale atomization cultivation.
  • the present invention discloses a stepped cavity low frequency ultrasonic atomizing nozzle with a vortex flow impeller.
  • Step cavity low frequency ultrasonic atomizing nozzle with vortex flow impeller including intake casing, water inlet casing, Laval valve core, fixed cap, adjustable base, tapered rectifying sleeve, vortex flow An impeller, a stepped resonance tube, an adjustment plunger, a positioning screw, and a second base;
  • the intake sleeve has an intake hole at the center, and a liquid inlet hole is provided on the side wall;
  • the through hole has a cylindrical section and a conical section;
  • the second base has a threaded hole at a central position thereof, and the second base has a rectangular groove on one end surface thereof;
  • the adjustable base is screwed to the intake sleeve An outer ring, and an adjustable axial position of the adjustable base;
  • the tapered rectifying sleeve and the second base are fixed on the adjustable base by a positioning screw;
  • the sleeve extends into the fixed cap, and the two ends of the Laval valve core are respectively fixedly connected with the end of the water inlet sleeve and the end surface of the cylindrical section of the fixed cap by the metal glue; the vent hole of the inlet sleeve and the water inlet sleeve
  • the through hole of the Laval valve core constitutes a gas passage, the inlet hole, the inlet sleeve and the gap between the Laval valve core and the intake sleeve, the through hole of the fixed cap, and the advancement of the Laval valve core
  • the liquid hole constitutes a liquid passage; the resonant cavity of the stepped resonance tube is stepped, and one end is adjusted by the plunger
  • the second base is fixedly connected, and the other end extends to the end surface of the fixed cap; the vortex flow impeller is mounted on the stepped resonance tube through the bearing, and is located in the conical section of the through hole of the tapered rectifying sleeve, The longitudinal section of
  • the ratio of the first-order aperture to the second-order aperture of the second-order resonant cavity of the stepped resonance tube is 1.5-3, and the ratio of the depth of the second-order aperture to the first-order aperture is adjustable to be 1-5.
  • the inner surface of the resonant cavity of the stepped resonance tube is of a sawtooth type.
  • the inner surface of the resonant cavity has a sawtooth longitudinal section inclination of 12-25° and a sawtooth length of 1.5-2.5 mm.
  • the gap between the vortex flow impeller and the inner tapered surface of the tapered rectifying sleeve is 0.5-1 mm, and the gap between the central wall surface of the vortex flow impeller and the outer circular surface of the stepped resonance tube is 0.2-0.4. Mm.
  • the angle between the starting point and the end point of the vortex impeller blade pressure surface is between 25° and 35°.
  • the blades of the vortex impeller are unequal wall thickness blades
  • the position and slope of the point are determined;
  • the exciter has a diameter of 0.5-0.8 mm
  • the plunger body material is an aluminum alloy 1050
  • the outer surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder is covered with urethane rubber
  • the rubber layer has a thickness of 0.3-0.5 mm.
  • the cone-shaped rectifying sleeve has a cone angle of 60°, and the slope of the end point curve of the parabola near the center of the fixed cap is
  • the outer conical surface of the vortex flow impeller has a taper angle of 60°, and the outer cylindrical surface of the tapered rectifying sleeve has a ring groove at a distance of 5-10 mm from the end surface, a bottom end surface of the tapered rectifying sleeve and an adjustable base A gasket is placed between the seats.
  • the liquid meets the high-speed airflow at the outlet of the Laval valve core, and the liquid is crushed by the impact to form a large mist.
  • the droplet group continues to enter the stepped cavity with the high-speed jet, and the two-phase fluid undergoes the first regular resonance in the stepped cavity.
  • the fluid in the cavity oscillates at a frequency of about 5-12 kHz, and the droplets are dribbled. Further cracking and refinement, a second atomization occurs; the end face groove of the fixed cap 14 is combined with the tapered rectifying sleeve 7 to form a second resonance zone, and the droplets exit the stepped cavity and enter the second resonance zone.
  • the two-phase fluid in the second resonance region is oscillated irregularly, so that the droplets are atomized for the third time, and the droplet size is further reduced; finally, the droplets enter the blade gap of the vortex-flow impeller 8 under the action of the fluid pressure.
  • the vortex impeller 8 can rotate at a high speed.
  • the droplets rotate with the impeller at high speed, and centrifugal movement occurs when flying out of the impeller. Under the action of centrifugal force, the droplets are sprayed for the fourth time, and the fog is simultaneously caused.
  • the droplet distribution is more uniform.
  • the shape of the resonant cavity is set to a step type, and the large space in the resonant cavity causes the resonant frequency of the fluid in the tube to increase, reaching 1.7 times before the change is made, the maximum frequency is up to 12.137 kHz, and the resonant frequency is increased.
  • the second atomization process of the nozzle played a positive role.
  • the inner surface of the stepped cavity is arranged in a zigzag shape.
  • the annular groove of the end face of the fixed cap and the end face of the tapered rectifying sleeve form a second resonance zone, and the high-speed two-phase fluid irregularly reflects and oscillates in the second resonance zone, so that the sound pressure level of the nozzle is increased by about 10 dB.
  • the strong sound field area facilitates further cracking and refinement of the droplets.
  • a vortex flow impeller is added at the nozzle outlet, and the high-speed rotating vortex impeller further refines the centrifugal movement of the droplet on the one hand, and makes the droplet group more evenly distributed in the spatial region within the injection angle range on the other hand.
  • the exciter penetrates into the outlet section of the Laval nozzle, and the exciter can effectively reduce the total pressure at the opening of the stepped resonance tube, which is beneficial to the discharge of the compressed gas in the resonant cavity, and also makes the two-phase fluid more easily reach the resonance state.
  • the air supply pressure is greater than 0.15 MPa
  • the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity of the stepped resonance tube 11 can be adjusted from 5.45 kHz to 12.137 kHz.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a stepped cavity low frequency ultrasonic atomizing nozzle with a vortex flow impeller according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a view of the matching of the adjustable plunger and the stepped resonance tube
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fixed cap end and an end line line type comparison chart
  • Figure 4 is a two-dimensional schematic view of a vortex flow impeller
  • Figure 5 is a three-dimensional view of the vortex flow impeller.
  • 1-intake bushing 2-inlet bushing, 3-sealing ring, 4-inlet hole, 5-adjustable base, 6-position screw, 7-conical rectifying sleeve, 8-whirlpool Flow impeller, 9-second base, 10-bearing, 11-step resonance tube, 12-regulating plunger, 13-compression nut, 14-fixed cap, 15-lavar spool, 16-intake Hole, 1201-actuator, 1202-plunger body, 1203-fixed shaft
  • the stepped cavity low-frequency ultrasonic atomizing nozzle with a vortex flow impeller mainly comprises an intake casing 1 , a water inlet casing 2 , a Laval valve core 15 , a fixed cap 14 ,
  • the adjustable base 5, the tapered rectifying sleeve 7, the vortex flow impeller 8, the stepped resonance tube 11, the adjusting plunger 12, the positioning screw 6, and the second base 9 are composed.
  • the inlet sleeve 1 has an intake hole at the center, and the inlet hole is provided on the side wall; the through hole at the center of the tapered rectification sleeve 7 has a cylindrical section and a conical section; and the second base 9
  • the central position is provided with a threaded hole, and the second base 9 has a rectangular groove on one end surface thereof; the adjustable base 5 is screwed to the outer ring of the intake sleeve 1, and the axial position of the adjustable base 5 is
  • the tapered rectifying sleeve 7 and the second base 9 are fixed on the adjustable base 5 by the positioning screw 6; the outer cylindrical surface of the tapered rectifying sleeve 7 is opened 5-10 mm from the end surface.
  • a ring-shaped groove, a sealing gasket is arranged between the bottom end surface of the tapered rectifying sleeve 7 and the adjustable base 5.
  • the water inlet sleeve 2, the Laval valve core 15, and the fixed cap 14 are all located in a space surrounded by the through-holes of the cylindrical section of the intake sleeve 1 and the tapered rectifying sleeve 7.
  • One end of the fixed cap 14 is threadedly connected to the intake sleeve 1.
  • the outer diameter of the inlet sleeve 2 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the intake sleeve 1, and the inlet sleeve 2 has a through hole at the center and is mounted therein.
  • a seal ring 3 is disposed in the gas jacket 1 and between the intake sleeve 1 and the intake sleeve 1 .
  • the water inlet sleeve 2 extends into the fixed cap 14 , and the two ends of the Laval valve core 15 are respectively fixedly connected to the end of the water inlet sleeve 2 and the end surface of the cylindrical section of the fixed cap 14 by metal glue.
  • the vent hole of the intake casing 1, the water inlet casing 2 and the through hole of the Laval valve core 15 constitute a gas passage, the inlet hole, the inlet casing 2 and the Laval valve core 15 and the intake casing 1
  • the gap between the through holes of the fixed cap 14 and the inlet hole of the Laval valve core 15 constitute a liquid passage.
  • the resonant cavity of the stepped resonance tube 11 is a second-order stepped hole, and the inner surface of the resonant cavity is sawtooth type, the zigzag longitudinal section inclination angle is 12-25°, and the sawtooth length is 1.5-2.5 mm.
  • the closed end of the stepped resonance tube 11 is provided with a threaded hole, and the threaded hole cooperates with the fixed shaft 1203 of the adjusting plunger 12 to realize the second-order hole depth of the stepped resonator.
  • the adjusting plunger 12 is composed of three segments, the first segment is the actuator 1201, the second segment is the plunger body 1202, the third segment is the fixed shaft 1203, the fixed shaft 1203 is threaded on the cylindrical surface, and the material of the plunger body 1202
  • the outer surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder is covered with urethane rubber, and the thickness of the rubber layer is 0.3-0.5 mm.
  • One end of the stepped resonance tube 11 is fixedly connected to the second base 9 by the adjustment plunger 12, and the plunger body 1202 of the adjustment plunger 12 It is located in the second stepped hole of the stepped resonance tube 11, and has an interference fit with the second stepped hole to function as a seal to ensure that the seal does not leak.
  • the depth of the second-order hole of the stepped resonance tube 11 is adjusted by adjusting the axial position of the plunger 12.
  • the sawtooth shape of the inner surface of the stepped cavity exacerbates the instability of the two-phase fluid within the cavity, which will enhance the fluctuation of the fluid within the cavity, making the two-phase fluid more susceptible to resonance.
  • the droplets collide with the inner surface of the cavity a plurality of times when the gas flows out, which is beneficial to further refinement of the droplets.
  • the ratio of the first-order aperture to the second-order aperture of the second-order resonant cavity of the stepped resonance tube 11 is 1.5-3, and the ratio of the depth of the second-order aperture to the first-order aperture is adjustable from 1-5.
  • the other end of the stepped resonance tube 11 extends to the end face of the fixed cap 14; the vortex flow impeller 8 is mounted on the stepped resonance tube 11 through a bearing and is located in a conical section of the through hole of the tapered rectifying sleeve 7.
  • the outer circular surface of the stepped resonance tube 11 is a stepped shaft for realizing installation and positioning of the bearing 10.
  • the longitudinal section of the vortex flow impeller 8 is tapered, and a gap is formed between the outer tapered surface of the vortex flow impeller 8 and the inner tapered surface of the tapered rectifying sleeve 7.
  • the gap between the vortex flow impeller 8 and the inner tapered surface of the tapered rectifying sleeve 7 is 0.5-1 mm, and the gap between the central hole wall surface of the vortex flow impeller 8 and the outer circular surface of the stepped resonance tube 11 is 0.2- 0.4mm.
  • the end face of the fixed cap 14 is provided with a ring-shaped groove whose longitudinal cross-sectional shape is parabolic, and the end face of the annular groove and the vortex-flow impeller 8 encloses a second resonance zone.
  • the exciter 1201 passes through the resonant cavity of the stepped resonance tube 11 and extends to the outlet section of the Laval valve core 15.
  • the exciter 1201 will effectively reduce the total pressure at the opening of the stepped resonance tube 11, which is beneficial to the discharge of compressed gas in the cavity. It also makes the two-phase fluid easier to reach the resonance state.
  • the air supply pressure is greater than 0.15 MPa, the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity of the stepped resonance tube 11 can be adjusted from 5.45 kHz to 12.137 kHz.
  • the slope of the end point curve of the parabola near the center of the fixed cap 14 is the same as the slope of the conical surface of the tapered rectifying sleeve 7, and the annular groove is smoothly connected with the tapered rectifying sleeve 7.
  • the cone-shaped rectifying sleeve 7 has a cone angle of 60°, and the slope of the end point curve of the parabola near the center of the fixed cap 14 is The taper angle of the outer conical surface of the vortex-flow impeller 8 is 60°.
  • the groove having a longitudinal section of a parabola causes the two-phase fluid to flow out smoothly to the second resonance region after flowing out of the stepped resonance tube 11, in which the high-speed two-phase fluid is in the second resonance region.
  • the oscillation is irregularly reflected inside, so that the sound pressure level of the nozzle is increased by about 10 dB to about 95 dB.
  • the longitudinal section of the vortex-flow impeller 8 is tapered, and the taper angle is 60°.
  • the angle between the starting point and the end point of the blade pressure surface is 25°-35°.
  • the airfoil pressure side is determined by the position coordinates of the curve and the slope of the start point and the end point D of C, the airfoil suction side termination point by the starting point E and F starting point position coordinate and slope It is determined that the slope of the starting point is set to 0.3 to 0.7, and the slope of the end point is set to 0.5 to 1.
  • the supply air pressure adjustment range is 0.15-0.5 MPa, and the vortex flow impeller 8 has a rotation
  • the water inlet sleeve 2, the Laval valve core 15 and the fixed cap 14 are first fixed together with metal glue, and then the fixing cap 14 is screwed into the internally threaded hole at the end of the intake sleeve 1;
  • the vortex flow impeller 8 is fixedly connected to the shoulder position of the stepped shaft of the stepped resonance tube 11 through the bearing 10, and the second base 9 and the stepped resonance tube 11 are fixedly connected by adjusting the fixed shaft 1203 of the plunger 12;
  • the positioning screw 6 is sequentially screwed into the screw holes corresponding to the second base 9, the tapered rectifying sleeve 7, and the adjustable base 5 in the order shown in Fig. 1, and the relative positions between them are adjusted.
  • the second atomization occurs, in which the sawtooth type change of the inner surface of the actuator 1201 and the stepped resonance tube 11 promotes stable resonance of the stepped cavity; the droplet enters the stepped cavity and enters
  • the second resonance region is an inner space region formed by the combination of the end face groove of the fixed cap 14 and the tapered rectifying sleeve 7, wherein the two-phase fluid in the second resonance region is undrained irregularly, and the sound pressure level of the strong sound field is about
  • the 95dB area is favorable for further cracking and refinement of the droplets, so that the droplets are atomized for the third time, and the droplet size is further reduced; the final droplets enter the blade gap of the vortex impeller 8 under the action of fluid pressure.
  • the vortex impeller 8 can rotate at a high speed of 400-1000r/min, and the supply pressure can be adjusted from 0.15 to 0.5Mpa.
  • the droplets rotate with the impeller at high speed and centrifugally fly out of the impeller. Movement, under the action of centrifugal force, the fourth atomization of the droplets occurs, and at the same time, the droplet distribution is more uniform.
  • the high-speed rotating vortex impeller 8 makes the droplet group more evenly distributed in the spatial region within the range of the injection angle.

Abstract

一种带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，包括进气套管（1）、进水套管（2）、拉瓦尔阀芯（15）、固定盖帽（14）、可调基座（5）、锥型整流套筒（7）、可旋涡流叶轮（8）、阶梯型谐振管（11）、调节柱塞（12）、定位丝杠（6）、第二基座（9）等；所述调节柱塞位于阶梯型谐振管的第二阶梯孔内，其轴向位置可调；所述可旋涡流叶轮通过轴承（10）固定在阶梯型谐振管上，其外锥面与锥型整流套筒内锥面相贴合。所述喷头对谐振腔进行了改进，使腔体内二相流体能产生更高频率、压力波动幅度更大的震荡，优化了喷头初次雾化性能，并对喷头出口进行了优化，增加了可旋涡流叶轮使得流体的出流速度降低，使得雾滴在喷射范围内更加均匀，且流体的离心运动使得雾滴进一步细化。

Description

一种带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头 技术领域
本发明涉及一种二相流雾化喷头，尤其是一种带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头。
背景技术
目前，在雾化栽培领域，运用到的雾化方式主要有压电式超声雾化和机械式雾化(如雾滴颗粒较优的二相流雾化)，压电式超声雾化喷嘴具有雾滴细小均匀的优点，但是其雾化量偏小，只适用于小规模雾化栽培；二相流雾化喷嘴优点是雾化量大，缺点是雾滴粒径较大且均匀性差。那么对二相流喷头进行优化设计，以充分利用高速气流的能量，研制可以生成细小均匀的优质雾滴且大雾化量的雾化喷嘴，是大规模雾化栽培的当务之急。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明公开了一种带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头。通过优化二相流喷嘴谐振腔形状，优化二相流喷嘴喷射流道，实现低能耗工况下产生大量均匀的超细雾滴。
本发明采用的具体技术方案如下：
一种带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，包括进气套管、进水套管、拉瓦尔阀芯、固定盖帽、可调基座、锥型整流套筒、可旋涡流叶轮、阶梯型谐振管、调节柱塞、定位丝杠、第二基座；所述进气套管中心具有进气孔、侧壁上设有进液孔；所述锥型整流套筒中心的通孔具有圆柱段和圆锥形段；所述第二基座的中心位置开有螺纹孔，第二基座一端端面上开有矩形凹槽；所述可调基座螺纹连接在进气套管外圈，且可调基座的轴向位置可调；所述锥型整流套筒、第二基座均通过定位丝杠固定在可调基座上；所述进水套管、拉瓦尔阀芯、固定盖帽均位于进气套管与锥型整流套筒的圆柱段通孔所围成的空间内；所述固定盖帽的一端通过螺纹连接在进气套管上，所述进水套管中心具有通孔、并装在进气套管内，且与进气套管之间设置密封圈，所述进水套管延伸至固定盖帽内，拉瓦尔阀芯的两端分别通过金属胶与进水套管的端部、固定盖帽的圆柱段孔端面固定连接；进气套管的通气孔、进水套管和拉瓦尔阀芯的通孔构成气体通道，所述进液孔、进水套管和拉瓦尔阀芯与进气套管、固定盖帽的通孔之间的间隙、以及拉瓦尔阀芯的进液孔构成液体通道；所述阶梯型谐振管的谐振腔为阶梯状，一端通过调节柱塞与 第二基座固定连接，另一端延伸至固定盖帽的端面；所述可旋涡流叶轮通过轴承装在阶梯型谐振管上，并位于锥型整流套筒通孔的圆锥形段内，所述可旋涡流叶轮的纵断面为锥形，可旋涡流叶轮外锥面与锥型整流套筒内锥面之间具有间隙，固定盖帽的端面上设有环型凹槽，所述环形凹槽的纵断面形状为抛物线状，环型凹槽和可旋涡流叶轮的端面围成第二谐振区；所述调节柱塞的柱塞主体位于阶梯型谐振管的第二阶梯孔、内并与第二阶梯孔过盈配合，起到密封的作用，通过调节柱塞的轴向位置调节阶梯型谐振管二阶孔的深度；所述柱塞主体上还连接有针状激励器，所述激励器穿过阶梯型谐振管的谐振腔、并延伸至拉瓦尔阀芯出口段。
优选地，所述阶梯型谐振管的二阶谐振腔的一阶孔径与二阶孔径之比为1.5-3，二阶孔与一阶孔的深度之比可调节范围为1-5。
优选地，所述阶梯型谐振管的谐振腔内表面为锯齿型。
优选地，所述谐振腔内表面的锯齿纵断面倾角为12-25°，锯齿长度为1.5-2.5mm。
优选地，固定盖帽端面上的环形凹槽截面的抛物线线型为x＝my2+ny+p，所述抛物线靠近固定盖帽中心的端点曲线斜率与锥型整流套筒内圆锥面斜率相同。
优选地，可旋涡流叶轮与所述锥型整流套筒内锥面之间的间隙为0.5-1mm，可旋涡流叶轮中心孔壁面与阶梯型谐振管外圆面之间的间隙为0.2-0.4mm。
优选地，所述可旋涡流叶轮叶片压力面起始点与终止点连线与轴线夹角α为25°-35°。
优选地，所述可旋涡流叶轮的叶片为不等壁厚叶片，叶片压力面的轮廓曲线为三次多项式曲线y＝ax3+bx2+cx+d，压力面叶型曲线由起始点和终止点的位置和斜率决定；叶片吸力面的轮廓曲线为圆弧x2+y2+ex+fy+g＝0，吸力面叶型由起始点和终止点位置及起始点斜率决定。
优选地，所述激励器直径为0.5-0.8mm，柱塞主体材料为铝合金1050，铝合金圆柱外表面包有聚氨酯橡胶，橡胶层的厚度为0.3-0.5mm。
优选地，所述锥型整流套筒锥型孔锥角为60°，所述抛物线靠近固定盖帽中心的端点曲线斜率为
Figure PCTCN2017085442-appb-000001
所述可旋涡流叶轮的外圆锥面的锥角为60°，锥型整流套筒外圆柱面上距末端面5-10mm处开有环型槽，锥型整流套筒底端面和可调基座之间加装有密封垫圈。
液体在拉瓦尔阀芯的出口处与高速气流汇合，液体被冲击破碎形成大雾滴，发生第 一次雾化，雾滴群继续随高速射流进入阶梯型谐振腔，二相流体在阶梯型谐振腔发生第一次有规律谐振，在腔内流体以约5-12KHz的频率震荡，大雾滴被进一步振裂细化，发生第二次雾化；固定盖帽14端面凹槽与锥型整流套筒7组合形成了第二谐振区，雾滴从阶梯型谐振腔出来后进入第二谐振区，在第二谐振区二相流体发生无规律的震荡，使得雾滴发生第三次雾化，雾滴粒径进一步变小；最终雾滴在流体压力作用下进入可旋涡流叶轮8的叶片间隙中，同时在流体压力的作用下，可旋涡流叶轮8发生高速旋转，雾滴随叶轮高速旋转，在飞出叶轮时发生离心运动，在离心力的作用下雾滴发生第四次雾化，同时使得雾滴分布更加均匀。
本发明中将谐振腔的形状设置为阶梯型，谐振腔内空间大的突变使得管内流体谐振频率增大，达到了未做改变前的1.7倍，最大频率可达12.137kHz，谐振频率的增大对喷嘴第二次雾化过程起了积极作用。同时将阶梯型谐振腔的内表面设置为锯齿状，在二相流从谐振腔中回流出来的过程中，雾滴多次碰撞到锯齿状的凸起时，会对主流的二相流产生局部的扰动作用，锯齿形状加剧了腔内二相流体的不稳定性，加强腔内流体的波动，有利于腔内流体更容易进入谐振状态。
固定盖帽端面的环形凹槽与和锥型整流套筒端面构成第二谐振区，高速二相流体在第二谐振区内不规律地反射震荡，使得喷头工作时的声压级提高了约10dB，强声场区域有利于雾滴进一步振裂细化。
在喷嘴出口处加装了可旋涡流叶轮，高速旋转的涡流叶轮一方面使雾滴发生离心运动进一步细化，另一方面，使雾滴群在喷射角范围内的空间区域内分布更加均匀。
最后，激励器深入到拉瓦尔喷管出口段，激励器能够有效降低阶梯型谐振管开口处的总压，有利于谐振腔内压缩气体的排出，也使得二相流体更容易达到谐振状态。供气压力大于0.15MPa时，阶梯型谐振管11的谐振腔震荡频率可调节范围为5.45kHz-12.137kHz。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头剖视图；
图2为可调柱塞与阶梯型谐振管配合图；
图3为固定盖帽端剖视图与端面线型对照图；
图4为可旋涡流叶轮二维示意图；
图5为可旋涡流叶轮三维图。
图中：
1-进气套管，2-进水套管，3-密封圈，4-进液孔，5-可调基座，6-定位丝杠，7-锥型整流套筒，8-可旋涡流叶轮，9-第二基座，10-轴承，11-阶梯型谐振管，12-调节柱塞，13-压紧螺帽，14-固定盖帽，15-拉瓦尔阀芯，16-进气孔，1201-激励器，1202-柱塞主体，1203-固定轴
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
如图1所示，本发明所述的带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，主要由进气套管1、进水套管2、拉瓦尔阀芯15、固定盖帽14、可调基座5、锥型整流套筒7、可旋涡流叶轮8、阶梯型谐振管11、调节柱塞12、定位丝杠6、第二基座9组成。所述进气套管1中心具有进气孔、侧壁上设有进液孔；所述锥型整流套筒7中心的通孔具有圆柱段和圆锥形段；所述第二基座9的中心位置开有螺纹孔，第二基座9一端端面上开有矩形凹槽；所述可调基座5螺纹连接在进气套管1外圈，且可调基座5的轴向位置可调；所述锥型整流套筒7、第二基座9均通过定位丝杠6固定在可调基座5上；锥型整流套筒7外圆柱面上距末端面5-10mm处开有环型槽，锥型整流套筒7底端面和可调基座5之间加装有密封垫圈。所述进水套管2、拉瓦尔阀芯15、固定盖帽14均位于进气套管1与锥型整流套筒7的圆柱段通孔所围成的空间内。固定盖帽14的一端通过螺纹连接在进气套管1上，所述进水套管2外径略小于进气套管1内径，所述进水套管2中心具有通孔、并装在进气套管1内，且与进气套管1之间设置密封圈3。所述进水套管2延伸至固定盖帽14内，拉瓦尔阀芯15的两端分别通过金属胶与进水套管2的端部、固定盖帽14的圆柱段孔端面固定连接。进气套管1的通气孔、进水套管2和拉瓦尔阀芯15的通孔构成气体通道，所述进液孔、进水套管2和拉瓦尔阀芯15与进气套管1、固定盖帽14的通孔之间的间隙、以及拉瓦尔阀芯15的进液孔构成液体通道。
如图2所示，所述阶梯型谐振管11的谐振腔为二阶阶梯状孔，谐振腔内表面为锯齿型，锯齿纵断面倾角为12-25°，锯齿长度为1.5-2.5mm。所述阶梯型谐振管11闭口端开有螺纹孔，该螺纹孔与所述调节柱塞12固定轴1203相配合以实现阶梯型谐振腔二阶孔深度可调。所述调节柱塞12由三段组成，第一段为激励器1201，第二段为柱塞主体1202，第三段为固定轴1203，固定轴1203圆柱面上开有螺纹，柱塞主体1202的材料为铝合金1050，铝合金圆柱外表面包有聚氨酯橡胶，橡胶层的厚度为0.3-0.5mm。所述阶梯型谐振管11的一端通过调节柱塞12与第二基座9固定连接，所述调节柱塞12的柱塞主体1202 位于阶梯型谐振管11的第二阶梯孔、内并与第二阶梯孔过盈配合，起到密封的作用，以确保密封不漏气。通过调节柱塞12的轴向位置调节阶梯型谐振管11二阶孔的深度。阶梯型谐振腔的内表面的锯齿形状加剧了腔内二相流体的不稳定性，这将加强腔内流体的波动，使得二相流体更容易形成谐振。此外，当压缩流体流出谐振腔时，雾滴随气体流出时，多次与腔内壁面锯齿撞击，有利于雾滴进一步细化。
所述阶梯型谐振管11的二阶谐振腔的一阶孔径与二阶孔径之比为1.5-3，二阶孔与一阶孔的深度之比可调节范围为1-5。
阶梯型谐振管11的另一端延伸至固定盖帽14的端面；所述可旋涡流叶轮8通过轴承装在阶梯型谐振管11上，并位于锥型整流套筒7通孔的圆锥形段内。所述阶梯型谐振管11外圆面为阶梯轴，用以实现轴承10的安装与定位。所述可旋涡流叶轮8的纵断面为锥形，可旋涡流叶轮8外锥面与锥型整流套筒7内锥面之间具有间隙。可旋涡流叶轮8与所述锥型整流套筒7内锥面之间的间隙为0.5-1mm，可旋涡流叶轮8中心孔壁面与阶梯型谐振管11外圆面之间的间隙为0.2-0.4mm。固定盖帽14的端面上设有环型凹槽，所述环形凹槽的纵断面形状为抛物线状，所述环型凹槽和可旋涡流叶轮8的端面围成第二谐振区。激励器1201穿过阶梯型谐振管11的谐振腔、并延伸至拉瓦尔阀芯15出口段，激励器1201将有效降低阶梯型谐振管11开口处的总压，有利于腔内压缩气体的排出，也使得二相流体更容易达到谐振状态。供气压力大于0.15MPa时，阶梯型谐振管11的谐振腔震荡频率可调节范围为5.45kHz-12.137kHz。
如图3所示，固定盖帽14端面上的环形凹槽截面的抛物线线型为x＝my2+ny+p，由A点坐标及其斜率和B点坐标确定。所述抛物线靠近固定盖帽14中心的端点曲线斜率与锥型整流套筒7内圆锥面斜率相同，环型凹槽与所述锥型整流套筒7平滑连接。所述锥型整流套筒7锥型孔锥角为60°，所述抛物线靠近固定盖帽14中心的端点曲线斜率为
Figure PCTCN2017085442-appb-000002
所述可旋涡流叶轮8的外圆锥面的锥角为60°。
如图1和图3所示，纵断面为抛物线的凹槽使得二相流体流出阶梯型谐振管11后平滑地被引送到第二谐振区，在该区域高速二相流体在第二谐振区内不规律地反射震荡，使得喷头工作时的声压级提高了约10dB，达到约95dB。
如图4和图5所示，所述可旋涡流叶轮8的纵断面为锥形，锥角为60°，叶片压力面起始点与终止点连线与轴线夹角α为25°-35°，所述可旋涡流叶轮8的叶片为不等壁厚叶片，叶片压力面的轮廓曲线为三次多项式曲线y＝ax3+bx2+cx+d，叶片吸力面的 轮廓曲线为圆弧x2+y2+ex+fy+g＝0，压力面叶型曲线由起始点C和终止点D的位置坐标和斜率决定，吸力面叶型由起始点E和终止点F位置坐标及起始点斜率决定，起始点的斜率设定为0.3～0.7，终止点的斜率设定为0.5～1。供气压力调节范围为0.15-0.5MPa，所述可旋涡流叶轮8的转速范围为：400-1000r/min。
在安装时，先将进水套管2、拉瓦尔阀芯15和固定盖帽14用金属胶固定在一起，然后将固定盖帽14拧入进气套管1端部的内螺纹孔内；其次将可旋涡流叶轮8通过轴承10固定连接在阶梯型谐振管11阶梯轴的轴肩位置，再通过调节柱塞12的固定轴1203将第二基座9和阶梯型谐振管11固定连接；之后将定位丝杠6按图1所示顺序依次旋入第二基座9、锥型整流套筒7和可调基座5对应的丝杠孔内，并调整好彼此之间的相对位置。
工作过程：高压气体0.15-0.5MPa由喷头尾部的进气孔16接入，液体在拉瓦尔管出口处与高速气流汇合，液体被冲击破碎形成大雾滴，发生第一次雾化，然后雾滴群继续随高速射流进入阶梯型谐振腔，二相流体在阶梯型谐振腔发生第一次有规律谐振，在腔内流体以约5-12KHz的频率震荡，大雾滴被进一步振裂细化，发生第二次雾化，在这个过程中激励器1201和阶梯型谐振管11内表面的锯齿型变化都对阶梯型谐振腔发生稳定谐振有促进作用；雾滴从阶梯型谐振腔出来后进入第二谐振区，第二谐振区是固定盖帽14端面凹槽与锥型整流套筒7组合形成的内部空间区域，在第二谐振区二相流体发生无规律的震荡，强声场声压级约95dB区域有利于雾滴进一步振裂细化，使得雾滴发生第三次雾化，雾滴粒径进一步变小；最终雾滴在流体压力作用下进入可旋涡流叶轮8的叶片间隙中，同时在流体压力的作用下，可旋涡流叶轮8发生400-1000r/min的高速旋转，供气压力调节范围为0.15-0.5Mpa，雾滴随叶轮高速旋转，在飞出叶轮时发生离心运动，在离心力的作用下雾滴发生第四次雾化，同时使得雾滴分布更加均匀同时，高速旋转的可旋涡流叶轮8使雾滴群在喷射角范围内的空间区域内分布更加均匀。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

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  1. 一种带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，其特征在于：包括进气套管(1)、进水套管(2)、拉瓦尔阀芯(15)、固定盖帽(14)、可调基座(5)、锥型整流套筒(7)、可旋涡流叶轮(8)、阶梯型谐振管(11)、调节柱塞(12)、定位丝杠(6)、第二基座(9)；所述进气套管(1)中心具有进气孔、侧壁上设有进液孔；所述锥型整流套筒(7)中心的通孔具有圆柱段和圆锥形段；所述第二基座(9)的中心位置开有螺纹孔，第二基座(9)一端端面上开有矩形凹槽；所述可调基座(5)螺纹连接在进气套管(1)外圈，且可调基座(5)的轴向位置可调；所述锥型整流套筒(7)、第二基座(9)均通过定位丝杠(6)固定在可调基座(5)上；所述进水套管(2)、拉瓦尔阀芯(15)、固定盖帽(14)均位于进气套管(1)与锥型整流套筒(7)的圆柱段通孔所围成的空间内；所述固定盖帽(14)的一端通过螺纹连接在进气套管(1)上，所述进水套管(2)中心具有通孔、并装在进气套管(1)内，且与进气套管(1)之间设置密封圈(3)，所述进水套管(2)延伸至固定盖帽(14)内，拉瓦尔阀芯(15)的两端分别通过金属胶与进水套管(2)的端部、固定盖帽(14)的圆柱段孔端面固定连接；进气套管(1)的通气孔、进水套管(2)和拉瓦尔阀芯(15)的通孔构成气体通道，所述进液孔、进水套管(2)和拉瓦尔阀芯(15)与进气套管(1)、固定盖帽(14)的通孔之间的间隙、以及拉瓦尔阀芯(15)的进液孔构成液体通道；所述阶梯型谐振管(11)的谐振腔为阶梯状，一端通过调节柱塞(12)与第二基座(9)固定连接，另一端延伸至固定盖帽(14)的端面；所述可旋涡流叶轮(8)通过轴承装在阶梯型谐振管(11)上，并位于锥型整流套筒(7)通孔的圆锥形段内，所述可旋涡流叶轮(8)的纵断面为锥形，可旋涡流叶轮(8)外锥面与锥型整流套筒(7)内锥面之间具有间隙，固定盖帽(14)的端面上设有环型凹槽，所述环形凹槽的纵断面形状为抛物线状，所述环型凹槽和可旋涡流叶轮(8)的端面围成第二谐振区；所述调节柱塞(12)的柱塞主体(1202)位于阶梯型谐振管(11)的第二阶梯孔、内并与第二阶梯孔过盈配合，起到密封的作用，通过调节柱塞(12)的轴向位置调节阶梯型谐振管(11)二阶孔的深度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，其特征在于：所述阶梯型谐振管(11)的二阶谐振腔的一阶孔径与二阶孔径之比为1.5-3，二阶孔与一阶孔的深度之比可调节范围为1-5。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，其特征在于：所述阶梯型谐振管(11)的谐振腔内表面为锯齿型，锯齿纵断面倾角为12-25°，锯 齿长度为1.5-2.5mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，其特征在于：所述柱塞主体(1202)上还连接有针状激励器(1201)，所述激励器(1201)穿过阶梯型谐振管(11)的谐振腔、并延伸至拉瓦尔阀芯(15)出口段。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，其特征在于：固定盖帽(14)端面上的环形凹槽截面的抛物线线型为x＝my2+ny+p，所述抛物线靠近固定盖帽(14)中心的端点曲线斜率与锥型整流套筒(7)内圆锥面斜率相同。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的带可旋涡流叶轮(8)的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，其特征在于：可旋涡流叶轮(8)与所述锥型整流套筒(7)内锥面之间的间隙为0.5-1mm，可旋涡流叶轮(8)中心孔壁面与阶梯型谐振管(11)外圆面之间的间隙为0.2-0.4mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1或4所述的带可旋涡流叶轮(8)的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，其特征在于：所述可旋涡流叶轮(8)叶片压力面起始点与终止点连线与轴线夹角α为25°-35°。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，其特征在于：所述可旋涡流叶轮(8)的叶片为不等壁厚叶片，叶片压力面的轮廓曲线为三次多项式曲线y＝ax3+bx2+cx+d，压力面叶型曲线由起始点和终止点的位置和斜率决定；叶片吸力面的轮廓曲线为圆弧x2+y2+ex+fy+g＝0，吸力面叶型由起始点和终止点位置及起始点斜率决定。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，其特征在于：所述激励器(1201)直径为0.5-0.8mm，柱塞主体(1202)材料为铝合金1050，铝合金圆柱外表面包有聚氨酯橡胶，橡胶层的厚度为0.3-0.5mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1、3或4所述的带可旋涡流叶轮的阶梯腔式低频超声雾化喷头，其特征在于：所述锥型整流套筒(7)锥型孔锥角为60°，所述抛物线靠近固定盖帽(14)中心的端点曲线斜率为
    Figure PCTCN2017085442-appb-100001
    所述可旋涡流叶轮(8)的外圆锥面的锥角为60°，锥型整流套筒(7)外圆柱面上距末端面5-10mm处开有环型槽，锥型整流套筒(7)底端面和可调基座(5)之间加装有密封垫圈。
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