WO2018196466A1 - 多层复合薄膜结构的力学参数测量方法及装置 - Google Patents
多层复合薄膜结构的力学参数测量方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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- G01N29/245—Ceramic probes, e.g. lead zirconate titanate [PZT] probes
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/12—Analysing solids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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- G01N29/2418—Probes using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2291/014—Resonance or resonant frequency
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
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- G01N2291/0237—Thin materials, e.g. paper, membranes, thin films
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0427—Flexural waves, plate waves, e.g. Lamb waves, tuning fork, cantilever
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- the invention relates to a method and a device for measuring mechanical parameters of a multilayer composite film structure, and belongs to the technical field of on-line testing of material parameters of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS).
- MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
- MEMS is called MEMS, also known as micro-electro-mechanical systems, micro-systems, micro-machines, etc. It refers to high-tech devices with dimensions of a few millimeters or even smaller. Its internal structure is generally in the order of micrometers or even nanometers. It is an independent smart system. MEMS is mainly composed of sensors, actuators (actuators) and micro energy. MEMS involves a variety of disciplines and engineering technologies in physics, semiconductors, optics, electrical engineering, chemistry, materials engineering, mechanical engineering, medicine, information engineering, and bioengineering, for intelligent systems, consumer electronics, wearables, and smart homes. The field of synthetic biology and microfluidic technology of system biotechnology has opened up a wide range of uses. Common products include MEMS accelerometers, MEMS microphones, micromotors, micropumps, micro-vibrators, MEMS pressure sensors, MEMS gyroscopes, MEMS humidity sensors, etc. and their integrated products.
- micro-mechanical components such as micro-cantilever beams and micro-bridges
- micro-mechanical components due to their small size, are often regarded as thin film structures in the macroscopic view.
- mechanical behavior There are considerable differences between the mechanical behavior and the macroscopic bulk mechanical materials.
- the mechanical parameters of macroscopic mechanical materials that we are familiar with cannot be used.
- To measure the mechanical properties of film materials The mechanical properties of thin film materials are quite different from those of bulk materials with the same chemical composition.
- CMOS MEMS devices Due to the relatively small size, the material parameters of thin film materials are difficult to be experimentally measured using classical macroscopic characterization techniques; on the other hand, CMOS MEMS devices often use multilayer thin film structures, and existing methods for testing mechanical properties of single-layer thin film materials. It is not easy to apply to the measurement of multilayer film material parameters. Therefore, it is very important to establish a process-compatible online test structure and test method for the mechanical parameters of multilayer film materials, to monitor the mechanical properties of MEMS film materials, predict and optimize product performance, and ensure reliable, uniform and long-term product performance. significance.
- Chinese invention patent CN101493389 discloses "a method for online measurement of Young's modulus of MEMS film based on resonant frequency method".
- a centrally fixed circular MEMS film is fabricated.
- the anchor region of the film is fixed on a planar substrate, and the Young's modulus of the film material is calculated by measuring the resonant frequency of the circular MEMS film.
- the invention is mainly applicable to single-layer films, but at present, the market demand for multilayer film material parameters is increasing, and the extraction of mechanical parameters of single-layer film materials cannot be directly applied to multilayer films.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for measuring the mechanical parameters of a multilayer composite film structure, based on the first-order resonant frequency and material of the multilayer composite double-ended fixed beam and the multilayer composite cantilever beam.
- the relationship between parameters such as characteristics and structural dimensions, and the equivalent Young's modulus of each layer of the multilayer composite film structure and the equivalent residual stress of each layer are obtained in a one-time form of solving equations, which can satisfy the multilayer film material. Online testing, and the test structure, calculation method is simple, and the accuracy is higher.
- the method for measuring mechanical parameters of a multilayer composite film structure comprising the following steps: Step 1, using the multilayer composite
- the preparation process of the film structure prepares a set of at least N initial flat N-layer composite cantilever beam test structures and a set of at least N initial flat N-layer composite double-end fixed beam test structures, each test structure except geometric size
- the other material parameters are the same; for each test structure, the vector composed of the width and length of each layer of each test structure is used as the size vector of the test structure, and the size vector group of the test structure is linearly independent;
- Step 2 Measure the first-order resonant frequency of each test structure
- Step 3 Substituting the first-order resonant frequency of the N-layer composite cantilever beam test structure into the first-order resonant frequency expression of the N-layer composite cantilever beam, thereby obtaining a system of equations composed of at least N linear equations;
- the equivalent Young's modulus of each layer of the multilayer composite film structure; the expression of the first-order resonance frequency f 1cf of the N-layer composite cantilever beam is as follows:
- l is the length of the N-layer composite cantilever test structure; the width of the i-th film material is w i , and the thickness is
- the material density is ⁇ i
- the equivalent Young's modulus is z i is the position of the top surface of the i-th film material on the z-axis, and z c is the neutral plane height;
- Step 4 Substituting the first-order resonance frequency of the N-layer composite double-ended fixed beam test structure and the equivalent Young's modulus of each layer of the multilayer composite film structure obtained in step 3 into the first-order resonance of the N-layer composite double-ended fixed beam Frequency expression, thereby obtaining a system of equations composed of at least N equations; solving the equations to obtain equivalent residual stress of each layer of the multilayer composite film structure; first-order resonance of the N-layer composite double-ended fixed beam
- the expression of the frequency f 1s is as follows:
- l is the length of the test structure of the N-layer composite double-ended fixed beam; the width of the i-th film material is w i , the thickness is h i , the material density is ⁇ i , and the equivalent Young's modulus is , the equivalent residual stress is z c is the neutral height.
- a mechanical parameter measuring device for a multilayer composite film structure the multilayer composite film structure being an initially flat N-layer composite film structure, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2; the device comprising: a set of at least N initial straight
- the N-layer composite cantilever beam test structure is prepared by the preparation process of the multi-layer composite film structure, and the other material parameters except the geometrical dimensions of the test structures are the same; the vector composed of the width and length of each layer of each test structure As the size vector of the test structure, the size vector group of the set of test structures is linearly independent;
- a set of at least N initial flat N-layer composite double-ended fixed beam test structures are prepared by the preparation process of the multi-layer composite film structure, and the other material parameters of the test structures except the geometrical dimensions are the same;
- the vector composed of the width and length of each layer of the test structure is used as the size vector of the test structure, and the size vector group of the test structure is linearly independent;
- a resonant frequency measuring unit for measuring a first-order resonant frequency of each test structure
- a calculation unit for substituting the first-order resonance frequency of the N-layer composite cantilever beam test structure into the first-order resonance frequency expression of the N-layer composite cantilever beam thereby obtaining a system of equations composed of at least N linear equations, and solving the equations Obtaining the equivalent Young's modulus of each layer of the multilayer composite film structure; then, the first-order resonant frequency of the N-layer composite double-ended fixed beam test structure and the equivalent Young's modulus of each layer of the multilayer composite film structure
- the quantities are substituted into the first-order resonant frequency expression of the N-layer composite double-ended fixed beam, thereby obtaining a system of equations composed of at least N equations, and solving the equations to obtain the equivalent residual of each layer of the multilayer composite film structure Stress; among them,
- l is the length of the test structure of the N-layer composite cantilever beam;
- the width of the i-th film material is w i , the thickness is h i , the material density is ⁇ i , and the equivalent Young's modulus is z i is the position of the top surface of the i-th film material on the z-axis, and z c is the neutral plane height;
- l is the length of the test structure of the N-layer composite double-ended fixed beam; the width of the i-th film material is w i , the thickness is h i , the material density is ⁇ i , and the equivalent Young's modulus is Equivalent residual stress z c is the neutral height.
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- the invention utilizes a combined test structure of a multi-layer cantilever beam and a multi-layer double-end fixed beam, based on the relationship between the first-order resonance frequency of the multi-layer double-ended fixed beam and the multi-layer cantilever beam and the parameters of the material and the structure size.
- the equivalent Young's modulus of each layer of the multilayer composite film structure and the equivalent residual stress of each layer can be obtained at one time, which effectively solves the problem of mechanical parameter measurement of the multilayer composite film structure;
- the test method of the invention is simple, the requirement for the test equipment is low, the test process is stable, the calculation process is simple, and the test accuracy is high.
- the processing process of the test structure of the invention is synchronized with the processing of the MEMS device, and there is no special processing requirement, so it fully meets the requirements of the online test.
- 1a and 1b are respectively a top view and a front view of a test structure of a double-layer composite cantilever beam;
- 2a and 2b are respectively a top view and a front view of a test structure of a double-layer composite double-ended fixed beam.
- the idea of the present invention is to use a combined test structure of a multi-layer cantilever beam and a multi-layer double-ended fixed beam, based on a multi-layer double-ended fixed beam and a multi-layer cantilever beam.
- the relationship between the first-order resonant frequency and the material properties, structural dimensions and other parameters can obtain the equivalent Young's modulus of each layer of the multilayer composite film structure and the equivalent residual stress of each layer at one time, and the calculation is simple and accurate. High sex.
- the equivalent Young's modulus of the i-th film The relationship between film thickness and its width is:
- the length of the beam before the release process (ie, when no deformation occurs) is l; the width of the i-th film material is w i , the thickness is h i , the material density is ⁇ i , and the Young's modulus is E i .
- the neutral plane height z c is:
- a i is the area of the i-th film material in cross section
- ⁇ i is the density of the i-th film material
- the subscript 1 of the frequency value represents the first-order resonance frequency
- cf represents the boundary condition as the cantilever beam.
- any cross section perpendicular to the length direction inside the beam is not only affected by the internal moment generated by the bending, but also the load per unit length.
- the generated bending moment, and also the bending moment generated by the axial force P to the equilibrium position of the cross-section offset, the bending moment is Pz(x, t), and the above relationship can be described as:
- the load on the beam per unit length is equal to the mass of the beam over the unit length (ie linear density)
- the load of the inertial force generated by the acceleration ie:
- Z 1 (x) b[1-cos(2 ⁇ x/l)].
- the subscript 1 of the frequency value indicates the first-order resonance frequency, and s indicates that it remains flat after release.
- the first-order resonant frequency of the multi-layer double-ended fixed beam is related to the material parameters and structural geometry of the beam.
- the first-order resonant frequency of the multi-layer double-ended fixed beam can be regarded as the implicit function of Young's modulus and residual stress determined by the above formula:
- l is the length of the N-layer composite double-ended fixed beam; the width of the i-th film material is w i , the thickness is h i , the material density is ⁇ i , and the equivalent Young's modulus is Equivalent residual stress z c is the neutral height.
- each test structure has the same material parameters except the geometric size; for each set of test structures, the vector composed of the width and length of each layer of each test structure is used as the size vector of the test structure, then this group The size vector group of the test structure is linearly independent;
- Step 2 Measure the first-order resonant frequency of each test structure
- Step 3 Substituting the first-order resonant frequency of the N-layer composite cantilever beam test structure into the first-order resonant frequency expression of the N-layer composite cantilever beam, that is, the equation (9), thereby obtaining a system of equations composed of at least N linear equations; Solving the equations to obtain the equivalent Young's modulus of each layer of the multilayer composite film structure;
- Step 4 Substituting the first-order resonance frequency of the N-layer composite double-ended fixed beam test structure and the equivalent Young's modulus of each layer of the multilayer composite film structure obtained in step 3 into the first-order resonance of the N-layer composite double-ended fixed beam
- the frequency expression that is, the equation (19) results in a system of equations composed of at least N equations; the equations are solved to obtain equivalent residual stresses of the layers of the multilayer composite film structure.
- each test structure has the same material parameters except the geometric size; for each set of test structures, the vector composed of the width and length of each layer of each test structure is used as the size vector of the test structure, then this group The size vector group of the test structure is linearly independent;
- the test structure of the prepared double-layer composite cantilever beam is shown in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b.
- the test structure of the double-layer composite double-ended fixed beam prepared as shown in Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b includes the top layer 102 and the bottom layer 103. 101 is the anchor zone and 104 is the substrate.
- the two test structures in each group have the same difference except for the bottom layer width, and the rest of the two test structures are identical.
- Step 2 Measure the first-order resonant frequency of each test structure
- the first-order resonant frequency can be measured by various existing techniques, such as electrostatic excitation, thermal excitation, sonic excitation, and the like.
- the resonant frequency of the test structure is tested using the MSV-400-M2 laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) from Polytech, Germany.
- the specific method is: put the piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) flat in the field of view of the LDV test, paste the sample chip to be tested on the PZT, use the applied voltage signal to drive the PZT to vibrate, and the chip transmits the mechanical vibration signal under the excitation of the PZT.
- the test structure is given, and the excitation signal is transmitted to the beam structure by testing the anchor region of the structure, and finally forms a base excitation form in vibration mechanics, or an inertial force excitation form.
- the spectrum of the substrate excitation should be as smooth as possible.
- the resonant beam is subjected to uniform excitation in the full-band range, forced vibration, resonance occurs in the vicinity of the eigenfrequency due to frequency selective amplification, and a resonance peak is formed on the vibration spectrum. .
- first-order resonant frequencies of the two double-layer composite cantilever beam test structures are f 1 and f 2 , respectively, and the first-order resonant frequencies of the two double-layer composite double-ended fixed beam test structures are f 3 and f 4 , respectively.
- Step 3 Substituting the first-order resonant frequency of the double-layer composite cantilever beam test structure into the first-order resonant frequency expression of the double-layer composite cantilever beam, that is, the equation (9), thereby obtaining a system of equations composed of at least two linear equations; Equation group seeking
- the solution can be limited by solving the mechanical parameters of the material according to the known frequency and geometric size.
- the calculated equivalent Young's modulus of the top layer and the bottom layer is the equivalent Young's modulus of the upper and lower layers in the two-layer composite film structure prepared by the same preparation process.
- Step 4 Substituting the first-order resonance frequency of the test structure of the double-layer composite double-ended fixed beam and the equivalent Young's modulus of each layer of the double-layer composite film structure obtained in step 3 into the first-order resonance of the double-layer composite double-ended fixed beam a frequency expression, that is, equation (19), thereby obtaining a system of equations composed of at least two equations; solving the system of equations to obtain an equivalent residual stress of each layer of the two-layer composite film structure;
- the two double-layer composite double-ended fixed beam test structures have a length of l 2 and a top layer width of w 4 .
- the bottom widths of the two test structures are w 5 and w 6 and w 5 ⁇ w 6 , respectively.
- the equivalent Young's modulus obtained by the solution is brought into the equations and solved, and the equivalent residual stress of each layer of the test structure can be obtained.
- the equations are as follows:
- the calculated equivalent residual stress of the top layer and the bottom layer is the equivalent residual stress of the upper layer and the lower layer in the double-layer composite film structure prepared by the same preparation process.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (2)
- 多层复合薄膜结构的力学参数测量方法,所述多层复合薄膜结构为初始平直的N层复合薄膜结构,N为大于等于2的整数;其特征在于,包括以下步骤:步骤1、采用所述多层复合薄膜结构的制备工艺制备一组至少N个初始平直的N层复合悬臂梁测试结构以及一组至少N个初始平直的N层复合双端固支梁测试结构,各测试结构除几何尺寸外的其他材料参数均相同;对于每一组测试结构,以每个测试结构的各层宽度及长度所组成的向量作为该测试结构的尺寸向量,则这一组测试结构的尺寸向量组线性无关;步骤2、测量出每个测试结构的一阶谐振频率;步骤3、将N层复合悬臂梁测试结构的一阶谐振频率分别代入N层复合悬臂梁一阶谐振频率表达式,从而得到由至少N个线性方程构成的方程组;对所述方程组求解,得到所述多层复合薄膜结构各层的等效杨氏模量;所述N层复合悬臂梁一阶谐振频率f 1cf的表达式具体如下:步骤4、将N层复合双端固支梁测试结构的一阶谐振频率以及步骤3所得到的多层复合薄膜结构各层的等效杨氏模量分别代入N层复合双端固支梁一阶谐振频率表达式,从而得到由至少N个方程构成的方程组;对所述方程组求解,得到所述多层复合薄膜结构各层的等效残余应力;所述N层复合双端固支梁一阶谐振频率f 1s的表达式具体如下:
- 多层复合薄膜结构的力学参数测量装置,所述多层复合膜结构为初始平直的N层复合膜结构,N为大于等于2的整数;其特征在于,该装置包括:一组至少N个初始平直的N层复合悬臂梁测试结构,采用所述多层复合薄膜结构的制备工艺制备,各测试结构除几何尺寸外的其他材料参数均相同;以每个测试结构的各层宽度及长度所组成的向量作为该测试结构的尺寸向量,则这一组测试结构的尺寸向量组线性无关;一组至少N个初始平直的N层复合双端固支梁测试结构,采用所述多层复合薄膜结构的制备工艺制备,各测试结构除几何尺寸外的其他材料参数均相同;以每个测试结构的各层宽度及长度所组成的向量作为该测试结构的尺寸向量,则这一组测试结构的尺寸向量组线性无关;谐振频率测量单元,用于测量每个测试结构的一阶谐振频率;计算单元,用于将N层复合悬臂梁测试结构的一阶谐振频率分别代入N层复合悬臂梁一阶谐振频率表达式,从而得到由至少N个线性方程构成的方程组,并对所述方程组求解,得到所述多层复合薄膜结构各层的等效杨氏模量;然后将N层复合双端固支梁测试结构的一阶谐振频率以及多层复合薄膜结构各层的等效杨氏模量分别代入N层复合双端固支梁一阶谐振频率表达式,从而得到由至少N个方程构成的方程组,并对所述方程组求解,得到所述多层复合薄膜结构各层的等效残余应力;其中,所述N层复合悬臂梁一阶谐振频率f 1cf的表达式具体如下:所述N层复合双端固支梁一阶谐振频率f 1s的表达式具体如下:
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