WO2018196280A1 - 倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法 - Google Patents

倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法 Download PDF

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WO2018196280A1
WO2018196280A1 PCT/CN2017/104139 CN2017104139W WO2018196280A1 WO 2018196280 A1 WO2018196280 A1 WO 2018196280A1 CN 2017104139 W CN2017104139 W CN 2017104139W WO 2018196280 A1 WO2018196280 A1 WO 2018196280A1
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welding
welded
submerged arc
arc welding
plate
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PCT/CN2017/104139
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘博�
江泽新
马金军
陈华
李豹
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广船国际有限公司
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Publication of WO2018196280A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018196280A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of ship welding, in particular to a method of submerged arc welding welding in an inclined position.
  • Submerged arc welding is a highly efficient automatic welding method in the shipbuilding industry. It has a wide range of applications and stable welding quality. It is widely used in segmented panels, pre-loading and loading stages, but usually submerged arc welding can only be welded butt welding.
  • the seams are inclined at an angle of less than 5°, and many butt welds are inclined at an angle of more than 5°. At this time, the welds can only be welded by CO 2 semi-automatic welding or multi-layer multi-pass automatic welding.
  • semi-automatic CO 2 gas shielded welding is a manual operation.
  • the skill and responsibility of the welder itself are relatively high.
  • the number of layers in the welding must be arranged reasonably.
  • the angle or defect generated in the process must be removed before the next welding can be carried out.
  • the weld quality stability is relatively poor.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a tilt position submerged arc welding method capable of solving the prior art
  • the submerged arc welding that exists in the middle can only weld the plate with the inclination angle of the weld within 5°.
  • An oblique position submerged arc welding method comprising the following steps:
  • the backing of the plate to be welded is padded, and the angle between the plate to be welded and the horizontal plane is 5 to 15 °;
  • the welding is started from the front side of the plate to be welded by CO 2 semi-automatic welding, then the submerged arc welding is used to fill the surface, and finally the submerged arc welding is used to cover the surface of the plate; in the welding process, the welding wire is perpendicular to the plate to be welded.
  • the number of welding layers which are first welded from the front surface of the sheet to be welded by CO 2 semi-automatic welding is 1 to 2 layers, and the thickness is 5 to 10 mm.
  • the submerged arc welding upper welding current is 450 to 550 A
  • the welding voltage is 27 to 29 V
  • the welding speed is 24 to 30 m/h.
  • the submerged arc welding has a welding current of 550 to 700 A, a welding voltage of 25 to 30 V, and a welding speed of 26 to 32 m/h.
  • the wire has a diameter of 3.2 to 5 mm.
  • the liner is a ceramic liner, and the ceramic liner is provided with a groove near a side of the sheet to be welded, the groove being located directly below the gap formed by the two sheets to be welded.
  • the groove angle of the sheet to be welded ranges from 30 to 45 degrees.
  • the gap between the two sheets to be welded is 4 to 12 mm.
  • the angle between the plate to be welded and the horizontal plane is 5-15°
  • the welded plate is pre-welded by CO 2 semi-automatic welding, and then filled by the submerged arc welding, so that the weld can be quickly filled and finally Submerged arc welding is used to ensure the smoothness and smoothness of the weld surface.
  • the welding efficiency is greatly improved in the present invention, and the welding method in the present invention is at least 2-4 times more efficient than the conventional hand welding under the same welding strength.
  • the current, voltage, and welding speed used in the submerged arc welding of the present invention are different from the current, voltage, and welding speed of the existing submerged arc welding, a better welding effect can be obtained, and the present solution can be solved.
  • the fusion effect caused by the current is too small, and the problem of excessive arcing causes the arc to be unstable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the positional structure between a welding wire of a submerged arc welding method and a plate to be welded according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the position between two sheets to be welded according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the position between the sheet to be welded and the gasket provided by the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the position of the sheet to be welded after the semi-automatic welding of CO 2 in the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the welding of the plate to be welded in the submerged arc welding after welding according to the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the welding of the plate to be welded in the present invention after submerged arc welding.
  • an oblique position submerged arc welding method which includes the following steps:
  • the welding is started from the front side of the plate to be welded by CO 2 semi-automatic welding, then the submerged arc welding is used to fill the surface, and finally the submerged arc welding is used to cover the surface of the welding; during the welding process, the welding wire 2 and the plate to be welded 1 vertical.
  • the surface of the groove to be welded is partially treated on both sides to prevent the rust, moisture and oil on the weld from adversely affecting the welding, and to prevent quality problems such as undercutting.
  • the purpose of attaching the gasket 3 to the back surface of the sheet material to be welded 1 is to effectively block the welding liquid after the welding wire 2 is melted, and prevent the welding fluid from flowing out of the weld seam.
  • the welding wire 2 is disposed perpendicular to the sheet 1 to be welded, and the angle ⁇ between the welding wire 2 and the horizontal plane is 75 to 85°.
  • the number of welding layers which are first welded by the CO 2 semi-automatic welding from the front surface of the sheet to be welded is 1 to 2 layers, and the thickness is 5 to 10 mm.
  • the purpose of using CO 2 semi-automatic welding is to pre-join the two sheets to be welded, which can facilitate subsequent submerged arc welding and submerged arc welding.
  • the above-mentioned submerged arc welding upper welding welding current is 450-550A, the welding voltage is 27-29V, the welding speed is 24-30 m/h; the submerged arc welding lower welding current is 550-700A, welding The voltage is 25 to 30 V and the welding speed is 26 to 32 m/h.
  • the submerged arc welding current is between 650 and 800 A.
  • the submerged arc welding upper welding current is 450 to 550 A, and the angle between the plate to be welded and the horizontal plane is 5 to 15°.
  • the weld obtained by welding does not have the problem of undercutting and unfusion, and at the same time, the angle between the sheet to be welded 1 and the horizontal plane of the invention is 5-15° and the current is 450-550A during ultrasonic inspection. Ultrasonic welding has a good detection effect and the failure rate is relatively low.
  • the submerged arc welding down welding current is 550 to 650A.
  • the welding wire 2 has a diameter of 3.2 to 5 mm.
  • the welding wire 2 is always perpendicular to the sheet to be welded 1 during the welding process, that is, the angle ⁇ between the welding wire and the horizontal plane is 75-85°, and the dry elongation of the welding wire 2 is 25 to 30 mm.
  • the gasket 3 is a ceramic liner, and the ceramic gasket is provided with a groove near the side of the sheet 1 to be welded, and the groove is located directly below the gap formed by the two sheets 1 to be welded.
  • the purpose of the grooves is to make the heat dissipation between the gaps formed by the two sheets to be welded 1 faster, and at the same time, the molten wire 2 can form a weld with better joint performance.
  • the groove angle ⁇ of the sheet to be welded 1 ranges from 30 to 45°.
  • the gap between the two sheets to be welded 1 is 4 to 12 mm.
  • the welding quality can be ensured when the angle between the plate to be welded and the horizontal plane is 5 to 15°. .
  • the submerged arc welding uphill welding current is 500A
  • the welding voltage is 27V
  • the welding speed is 28m/h
  • the submerged arc welding down welding current is 600A
  • the welding voltage is 27V
  • the welding speed is 30m/h.
  • the submerged arc welding uphill welding current is 450A
  • the welding voltage is 29V
  • the welding speed is 26m/h
  • the submerged arc welding slope welding current is 580A
  • the welding voltage is 27V
  • the welding speed is 28m/h.
  • the submerged arc welding uphill welding current is 550A
  • the welding voltage is 28V
  • the welding speed is 26m/h
  • the submerged arc welding down welding current is 700A
  • the welding voltage is 30V
  • the welding speed is 30m/h.
  • the submerged arc welding uphill welding current is 490A
  • the welding voltage is 28V
  • the welding speed is 29m/h
  • the submerged arc welding down welding current is 600A
  • the welding voltage is 29V
  • the welding speed is 28m/h.
  • the inclined position submerged arc welding method provided by the invention expands the use range of the submerged arc welding, so that the submerged arc welding can only weld the butt welds to an inclination angle of less than 5° to be welded to the butt welds with an inclination angle of less than 15°. .
  • the invention changes the problem that the weld seam can only adopt the semi-automatic welding of CO 2 in the range of inclination angle of 5°-15°, thereby reducing the welding work of the weld seam by using CO 2 welding, greatly improving the production efficiency and ensuring the welding. quality.
  • the welding current is increased in the present invention, thereby improving the welding efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

一种倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，其包括如下步骤：将待焊接板材（1）坡口两侧进行表面局部处理，并清除铁锈、水分和油污；在待焊接板材（1）背面贴衬垫（3），且待焊接板材（1）与水平面的夹角为5～15°；先采用CO 2半自动焊从待焊接板材（1）正面开始焊接，之后采用埋弧焊上坡焊填充，最后采用埋弧焊下坡焊盖面；焊接过程中，焊丝（2）与待焊接板材（1）垂直。其中待焊接板材（1）与水平面的夹角为5～15°，通过CO 2半自动焊对待焊接板材（1）进行预焊接，然后再通过埋弧焊上坡焊填充，能够快速的对焊缝进行填充，最后采用埋弧焊下坡焊盖面，能够保证焊缝表面的平整度以及顺滑度。

Description

倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法 技术领域
本发明涉及船舶焊接技术领域，尤其涉及一种倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法。
背景技术
船舶制造行业中埋弧焊是一种高效的自动化焊接方法，其使用范围广，焊接质量稳定，在分段拼板、预搭载、搭载阶段应用极其广泛，但通常埋弧焊只能焊接对接焊缝倾斜角度在5°以内的板材，而有很多对接焊缝倾斜角度基本都大于5°，而此时这些焊缝就只能采用CO2半自动焊或多层多道的自动焊进行焊接。
采用半自动或自动CO2气体保护焊，焊接层道数较多，每道焊的焊接电流也局限在280A以内，因此焊接效率较低；
其中，半自动CO2气体保护焊属于手工操作，对于焊工本身的技能、责任心要求较高，焊接时层道数需布置合理，过程中产生的夹角或者缺陷必须清除后方能进行下一道焊接，焊接质量稳定性相对较差。
而采用CO2半自动焊接拼板对接焊缝处于5°～15°倾斜位置时，由于拼板定位的卡码通常安装在焊接坡口的正面，在焊接过程中会产生很多的焊接接头，容易产生焊接缺陷，造成焊接质量下降。
因此，如何提供一种倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，以解决现有技术中存在的埋弧焊焊接仅能够对接焊缝倾斜角度在5°以内的板材焊接，是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，能够解决现有技术 中存在的埋弧焊焊接仅能够对接焊缝倾斜角度在5°以内的板材焊接的问题。
为达此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
提供一种倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)、将待焊接板材坡口两侧进行表面局部处理，并清除铁锈、水分和油污；
(2)、在待焊接板材背面贴衬垫，且待焊接板材与水平面的夹角为5～15°；
(3)、先采用CO2半自动焊从待焊接板材正面开始焊接，之后采用埋弧焊上坡焊填充，最后采用埋弧焊下坡焊盖面；焊接过程中，焊丝与待焊接板材垂直。
作为优选，所述先采用CO2半自动焊从待焊接板材正面开始焊接的焊接层道数为1～2层，厚度为5～10mm。
作为优选，所述埋弧焊上坡焊焊接电流为450～550A，焊接电压为27～29V，焊接速度为24～30m/h。
作为优选，所述埋弧焊下坡焊焊接电流为550～700A，焊接电压为25～30V，焊接速度为26～32m/h。
作为优选，所述焊丝直径为3.2～5mm。
作为优选，所述衬垫为陶瓷衬垫，且所述陶瓷衬垫靠近待焊接板材的一侧设置有凹槽，所述凹槽位于两待焊接板材形成的间隙的正下方。
作为优选，所述待焊接板材的坡口角度范围为30～45°。
作为优选，两所述待焊接板材形成的间隙宽为4～12mm。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明中待焊接板材与水平面的夹角为5～15°，通过CO2半自动焊对待焊接板材进行预焊接，然后再通过埋弧焊上坡焊填充，能够快速的对焊缝进行填充，最后采用埋弧焊下坡焊盖面，能够保证焊缝表面的平整度以及顺滑度。与 现有技术相对比，本发明中焊接效率大大提高，相同焊接强度下，本发明中的焊接方法与传统手工焊接相比效率至少提高了2-4倍。
由于本发明中埋弧焊焊接时采用的电流、电压、焊接速度与现有的埋弧焊采用的电流、电压、焊接速度均不相同，但是能把获得较好的焊接效果，进而能够解决现有技术中电流过小造成的融合效果差，过大导致电弧不稳的问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法焊丝与待焊接板材之间的位置结构示意图；
图2是本发明提供的两待焊接板材之间的位置示意图；
图3是本发明提供的待焊接板材与衬垫之间的位置示意图；
图4是本发明中待焊接板材在CO2半自动焊焊接后的位置示意图；
图5是本发明中待焊接板材在埋弧焊上坡焊焊接后焊接示意图；
图6是本发明中待焊接板材在埋弧焊下坡焊焊接后焊接示意图。
图中：
1、待焊接板材；2、焊丝；3、衬垫。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
如图1-6所示，本实施例中提供了一种倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)、将待焊接板材坡口两侧进行表面局部处理，并清除铁锈、水分和油污；
(2)、在待焊接板材背面贴衬垫3，且待焊接板材1与水平面的夹角α为5～ 15°；
(3)、先采用CO2半自动焊从待焊接板材正面开始焊接，之后采用埋弧焊上坡焊填充，最后采用埋弧焊下坡焊盖面；焊接过程中，焊丝2与待焊接板材1垂直。
将待焊接板材1坡口两侧进行表面局部处理，是为了防止焊接处铁锈、水分和油污对焊接产生不良影响，防止焊接出现咬边等质量问题。在待焊接板材1背面贴衬垫3的目的是为了将焊丝2熔融后的焊接液有效地阻挡，防止焊接液流出焊缝。焊接时，焊丝2与待焊接板材1垂直设置，此时焊丝2与水平面之间的夹角γ为75～85°。
其中，所述先采用CO2半自动焊从待焊接板材正面开始焊接的焊接层道数为1～2层，厚度为5～10mm。采用CO2半自动焊的目的是为了将两待焊接板材1进行预连接，这样能够方便后续的埋弧焊上坡焊以及埋弧焊下坡焊。
其中，上述所述埋弧焊上坡焊焊接电流为450～550A，焊接电压为27～29V，焊接速度为24～30m/h；所述埋弧焊下坡焊焊接电流为550～700A，焊接电压为25～30V，焊接速度为26～32m/h。
现有技术中埋弧焊焊接电流在650～800A之间，本发明中埋弧焊上坡焊焊接电流为450～550A，结合待焊接板材与水平面之间的夹角为5～15°，该种情况下焊接获得的焊缝不会出现咬边以及未熔合的问题，同时超声波检测时本发明相对待焊接板材1与水平面之间的夹角为5～15°、电流在450～550A时，超声波焊接检测效果好，且不合格率相对较低。具体的，埋弧焊下坡焊焊接电流为550～650A。
其中，所述焊丝2直径为3.2～5mm。焊丝2在焊接过程中始终与待焊接板材1之间垂直，即焊丝与水平面之间的夹角γ为75-85°，且焊丝2干伸长为 25～30mm。
本实施例中衬垫3为陶瓷衬垫，且所述陶瓷衬垫靠近待焊接板材1的一侧设置有凹槽，所述凹槽位于两待焊接板材1形成的间隙的正下方。设置凹槽的目的是为了使两待焊接板材1形成的间隙之间散热较快，同时是熔融的焊丝2能够形成一条连接性能较好的焊缝。所述待焊接板材1的坡口角度β范围为30～45°。两所述待焊接板材1形成的间隙宽为4～12mm。
本发明中通过将焊丝2与待焊接板件1垂直设置，且将焊接过程中的电流相对减小，能够使待焊接板件与水平面之间的夹角为5～15°时，保证焊接质量。
以埋弧焊上坡焊电流为500A、焊接电压为27V、焊接速度为28m/h、埋弧焊下坡焊电流为600A、焊接电压为27V、焊接速度为30m/h为例，焊接完毕后通过超声波无损检测可知，焊接处反馈的波形整体在坐标系中均位于φ3线以下，则表明本发明中获得的焊缝质量符合船舶钢焊缝超声波检测工艺和质量分级标准(CB/T 3559-2011)。
以埋弧焊上坡焊电流为450A、焊接电压为29V、焊接速度为26m/h、埋弧焊下坡焊电流为580A、焊接电压为27V、焊接速度为28m/h为例，焊接完毕后通过超声波无损检测可知，焊接处反馈的波形整体在坐标系中均位于φ3线下方，则表明本发明中获得的焊缝质量符合船舶钢焊缝超声波检测工艺和质量分级标准(CB/T 3559-2011)。
以埋弧焊上坡焊电流为550A、焊接电压为28V、焊接速度为26m/h、埋弧焊下坡焊电流为700A、焊接电压为30V、焊接速度为30m/h为例，焊接完毕后通过超声波无损检测可知，焊接处反馈的波形整体在坐标系中均位于φ3线下方，则表明本发明中获得的焊缝质量符合船舶钢焊缝超声波检测工艺和质量分级标准(CB/T 3559-2011)。
以埋弧焊上坡焊电流为490A、焊接电压为28V、焊接速度为29m/h、埋弧焊下坡焊电流为600A、焊接电压为29V、焊接速度为28m/h为例，焊接完毕后通过超声波无损检测可知，焊接处反馈的波形整体在坐标系中均位于φ3线下方，则表明本发明中获得的焊缝质量符合船舶钢焊缝超声波检测工艺和质量分级标准(CB/T 3559-2011)。
本发明中提供的倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法扩大了埋弧焊的使用范围，使埋弧焊只能焊接对接焊缝倾斜角度在5°以内扩大到可以焊接对接焊缝倾斜角度在15°以内。
本发明改变了焊缝处于5°～15°倾斜角度范围内只能采用CO2半自动焊的问题，进而减少了采用CO2焊接时焊缝打磨工作，大大提高了生产效率，同时也保证了焊接质量。相对于CO2半自动焊而言，本发明中焊接电流增大，进而提高了焊接效率。
注意，以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施方式的限制，上述实施方式和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内，本发明的要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    (1)、将待焊接板材坡口两侧进行表面局部处理，并清除铁锈、水分和油污；
    (2)、在待焊接板材背面贴衬垫，且待焊接板材与水平面的夹角为5～15°；
    (3)、先采用CO2半自动焊从待焊接板材正面开始焊接，之后采用埋弧焊上坡焊填充，最后采用埋弧焊下坡焊盖面；焊接过程中，焊丝与待焊接板材垂直。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述先采用CO2半自动焊从待焊接板材正面开始焊接的焊接层道数为1～2层，厚度为5～10mm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述埋弧焊上坡焊焊接电流为450～550A，焊接电压为27～29V，焊接速度为24～30m/h。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述埋弧焊下坡焊焊接电流为550～700A，焊接电压为25～30V，焊接速度为26～32m/h。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述焊丝直径为3.2～5mm。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述衬垫为陶瓷衬垫，且所述陶瓷衬垫靠近待焊接板材的一侧设置有凹槽，所述凹槽位于两待焊接板材形成的间隙的正下方。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述待焊接板材的坡口角度范围为30～45°。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的倾斜位置埋弧焊焊接方法，其特征在于，两所述 待焊接板材形成的间隙宽为4～12mm。
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