WO2018196251A1 - 倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法 - Google Patents

倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法 Download PDF

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WO2018196251A1
WO2018196251A1 PCT/CN2017/100617 CN2017100617W WO2018196251A1 WO 2018196251 A1 WO2018196251 A1 WO 2018196251A1 CN 2017100617 W CN2017100617 W CN 2017100617W WO 2018196251 A1 WO2018196251 A1 WO 2018196251A1
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welding
welded
groove
steel plate
wire
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PCT/CN2017/100617
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘博�
冀海俊
马金军
罗坚
黎剑新
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广船国际有限公司
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Publication of WO2018196251A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018196251A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of ship welding, in particular to a vertical position vertical electric welding method for inclined position.
  • Vertical gas welding in the shipbuilding industry is a welding process that can be formed by single-sided welding on both sides.
  • the weld is one-shot and the welding efficiency is extremely high. It is used in the pre-loading and loading stages of the ship, but the vertical gas welding is currently Weldable welds can be angled from 75 to 90°, while some welds are angled at 45-75° during pre-loading and loading. These welds are currently not available for vertical gas welding and can only be used with semi-automatic or automatic CO 2 Gas shielded welding or multi-layer multi-pass automatic welding for welding.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a vertical position vertical gas electric welding method for tilting position, which can solve the problem of low welding efficiency in the prior art and a range of inclination angle of the weld bead only in the range of 75 to 90°.
  • a tilting position vertical gas welding method comprising the following steps:
  • the welding torch releases the welding wire inside the groove of the steel plate to be welded for welding, so that the liquid metal molten pool fills the entire groove, and uses the gasket on the back of the groove and the side of the welding wire.
  • the water-cooled copper slider forcibly cools the weld; the angle of the wire is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the angle ⁇ between the welding wire and the steel to be welded is 15 to 45°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the steel sheet to be welded and the horizontal plane is 45 to 75°.
  • the welding has a welding current of 400 to 450 A, a voltage of 42 to 44 V, a speed of 6 to 8 cm/min, and a CO 2 gas flow rate of 25 to 30 L/min.
  • the liner is a ceramic liner or a copper liner.
  • the wire has a front-to-back swing amplitude of 8 to 15 mm and a wire dry elongation H of 20 to 25 mm.
  • the steel plate to be welded has a thickness of 10 to 25 mm, and the groove h of the two steel plates to be welded is 5 to 16 mm, and the groove ⁇ is 30 to 45 degrees.
  • the oblique position vertical gas electric welding method provided by the invention adopts CO 2 as a shielding gas, is welded by a welding wire, and is welded from top to bottom.
  • the welding method can make the liquid molten welding wire automatically move the bottom groove by gravity. Filling up to improve the firmness of the welding, and the welding wire is arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the structure makes the angle between the welding wire and the steel plate to be welded 15 to 45°. This kind of structure can assist the liquid molten welding wire to flow in the groove. Fast flow speed further provides welding efficiency.
  • the welding method provided by the invention can save the welding time greatly, and the welding efficiency can be increased by at least 2-4 times.
  • the welding in the present invention has an angle of 15 to 45° between the welding wire and the steel plate to be welded, and the vertical gas welding in the prior art cannot meet the welding quality requirement.
  • the parameters in the welding process are changed to make the vertical
  • the quality of gas welding is up to the requirements, and the quality of the welding is further ensured while ensuring the welding efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship between a welding torch and a steel plate to be welded according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship between two steel sheets to be welded
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship between the gasket and the steel sheet to be welded
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the results of welding of the steel to be welded.
  • a vertical position vertical gas welding method for tilting position which includes the following steps:
  • the welding torch releases the welding wire 4 inside the groove of the steel plate to be welded 1 for welding, so that the liquid metal molten pool fills the entire groove, and utilizes the gasket 2 on the back of the groove and
  • the water-cooled copper slider 5 on the same side of the welding wire is forcibly cooled and formed on the weld bead 3; the angle of the welding wire 4 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the angle ⁇ between the welding wire 4 and the steel plate 1 to be welded is 15 to 45°.
  • the above welding wire 4 is welded from the upper end to the lower end of the weld during the welding process.
  • the angle ⁇ between the steel sheet 1 to be welded and the horizontal plane is 45 to 75°.
  • the liner 2 is a ceramic liner or a copper liner.
  • the spacer 2 is a ceramic spacer.
  • the welding current of the welding is 400 to 450 A
  • the voltage is 42 to 44 V
  • the speed is 6 to 8 cm/min
  • the flow rate of the CO 2 gas is 25 to 30 L/min.
  • the welding wire 4 moves up and down, and the welding wire 4 swings to the left and right to obtain a better weld cross-sectional shape, and the welding wire 4 has a front-back swing amplitude of 8 to 15 mm, and the welding wire 4 has a dry elongation H of 20 to 25 mm.
  • the steel plate 1 to be welded has a thickness of 10 to 25 mm, and the groove gap h of the two steel plates to be welded 1 is 5 to 16 mm, and the groove angle ⁇ is 30 to 45 degrees.
  • the welding current is 400A
  • the welding voltage is 42V
  • the welding speed is 6cm/min
  • the CO 2 gas flow rate is 25.
  • the welding current is 410A
  • the welding voltage is 44V
  • the welding speed is 7cm/min
  • the CO 2 gas flow rate is 28L/min.
  • the welding current is 420A
  • the welding voltage is 42V
  • the welding speed is 8cm/min
  • the CO 2 gas flow rate is 28L/min.
  • the welding current is 430A
  • the welding voltage is 43V
  • the welding speed is 7cm/min
  • the CO 2 gas flow rate is 30L/min.
  • the welding current is 440A
  • the welding voltage is 42V
  • the welding speed is 7cm/min
  • the CO 2 gas flow rate is 30L/min.
  • the welding current is 450A
  • the welding voltage is 42V
  • the welding speed is 6cm/min
  • the CO 2 gas flow rate is 26L/min.
  • the ⁇ 3 line in the present embodiment is a reject line used in ship welding, and if any of the waveforms obtained by the ultrasonic detection is above the ⁇ 3 line, the welding quality is unacceptable.
  • CO 2 gas is continuously introduced as a shielding gas in the welding process, and the welding gun 6 releases the welding wire 4 in the groove of the steel plate 1 to be welded for welding, and the gasket 2 on the back side of the groove and the water cooling on the front side.
  • the copper slider 5 cools the weld bead 3 so that the weld bead 3 can achieve the purpose of one-time welding double-sided molding. Since the welding wire 4 is conveyed through the wire wheel 7, the continuous welding of the long weld bead can be ensured, and the welding is reduced. Work labor intensity, while improving welding efficiency.

Abstract

一种倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法,涉及船舶焊接技术领域。所述焊接方法包括如下步骤:将与水平面倾斜设置的待焊接钢板(1)坡口两侧进行表面局部处理,并清除铁锈、水分和油污;在所述待焊接钢板(1)背面贴衬垫(2);利用CO 2作为保护气体,焊枪(6)在所述待焊接钢板(1)坡口内部释放出焊丝(4)进行焊接,使液态金属熔池将整个坡口填满,并利用坡口背面的所述衬垫(2)和与焊丝(4)同侧的水冷铜滑块(5)对焊缝(3)强迫冷却成型;所述焊丝(4)角度与水平面垂直,且所述焊丝(4)与待焊接钢板(1)夹角β为15~45°。所述焊接方法能够使液态熔融的所述焊丝(4)受重力作用自动将底部的坡口填满,提高焊接的牢固程度,所述焊丝(4)与待焊接钢板(1)之间的角度为15~45°,能够辅助液态熔融的所述焊丝(4)在坡口流动,具有较快流动速度,进一步提高焊接效率。

Description

倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法 技术领域
本发明涉及船舶焊接技术领域,尤其涉及一种倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法。
背景技术
船舶制造行业中垂直气电焊是一种可以单面焊双面成型的焊接工艺,且焊缝是一次成型,焊接效率极高,在船舶的预搭载、搭载阶段应用较多,但垂直气电焊目前可焊接焊缝倾斜角度范围在75~90°,而有一些焊缝在预搭载及搭载阶段倾斜角度在45~75°,这些焊缝目前无法使用垂直气电焊,只能使用半自动或自动CO2气体保护焊或多层多道的自动焊进行焊接。
但是使用半自动或自动CO2气体保护焊时焊接层道数较多,每道焊的焊接参数也局限在280A以内,直接导致焊接效率低。同时半自动CO2气体保护焊属于手工操作,对于焊工本身的技能、责任心要求较高,焊接时层道数需布置合理,过程中产生的夹角或者缺陷必须清除后方能进行下一道焊接,焊接质量稳定性相对较差。
当待焊接钢板与水平面之间的夹角为45~75°时,采用半自动或自动CO2气体保护焊焊接时,焊接人员始终处于爬坡状态,而且还要保持焊接姿态,一方面焊接人员体力消耗过大,另一方面由于焊接人员体力消耗过大,容易造成焊接质量不稳定。
因此,如何研发一种新的焊接工艺,能够解决现有技术中的焊接效率低,且焊缝倾斜角度范围在75~90°,是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法,能够解决现有技术中的焊接效率低,且焊缝倾斜角度范围只能在75~90°的问题。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
提供一种倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、将与水平面倾斜设置的待焊接钢板坡口两侧进行表面局部处理,并清除铁锈、水分和油污;
(2)、在待焊接钢板背面贴衬垫;
(3)、利用CO2作为保护气体,焊枪在待焊接钢板坡口内部释放出焊丝进行焊接,使液态金属熔池将整个坡口填满,并利用坡口背面的衬垫和与焊丝同侧的水冷铜滑块对焊缝强迫冷却成型;所述焊丝角度与水平面垂直,且焊丝与待焊接钢板夹角β为15~45°。
作为优选,待焊接钢板与水平面之间的夹角α为45~75°。
作为优选,所述焊接的焊接电流为400~450A,电压为42~44V,速度为6~8cm/min,CO2气体流量25~30L/min。
作为优选,所述衬垫为陶瓷衬垫或铜衬垫。
作为优选,焊接时,所述焊丝前后摆动幅度为8~15mm,焊丝干伸长H为20~25mm。
作为优选,所述待焊接钢板厚度为10~25mm,且两所述待焊接钢板坡口间隙h为5~16mm,坡口γ为30~45°。
本发明提供的倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法,以CO2作为保护气体,采用焊丝进行焊接,并由上到下焊接,该种焊接方式能够使液态熔融的焊丝受重力作用自动将底部的坡口填满,提高焊接的牢固程度,同时焊丝与水平面垂直设置,该种结构使得焊丝与待焊接钢板之间的角度为15~45°,该种结构能够辅助液 态熔融的焊丝在坡口流动,较快流动速度,进一步的提供焊接效率。同时与现有焊接相比,本发明提供的焊接方法能够将焊接时间大大节省,焊接效率能够至少提高2-4倍。
同时本发明中的焊接由于焊丝与待焊接钢板之间的角度为15~45°,现有技术中的垂直气电焊焊接不能满足焊接质量要求,本发明中通过改变焊接过程中的参数,使垂直气电焊焊接质量达到要求,进一步在保证焊接效率的情况下保证了焊接质量。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的焊枪、待焊接钢板之间的位置关系示意图;
图2是两待焊接钢板之间的位置关系示意图;
图3是衬垫与待焊接钢板之间的位置关系示意图;
图4待焊接钢板焊接后的结果示意图。
图中:
1、待焊接钢板;2、衬垫;3、焊缝;4、焊丝;5、水冷铜滑块;6、焊枪;7、丝轮。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
如图1-4所示,本实施例中提供了一种倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、将与水平面倾斜设置的待焊接钢板1坡口两侧进行表面局部处理,并清除铁锈、水分和油污;
(2)、在待焊接钢板1背面贴衬垫2;
(3)、利用CO2作为保护气体,焊枪在待焊接钢板1坡口内部释放出焊丝4进行焊接,使液态金属熔池将整个坡口填满,并利用坡口背面的衬垫2和与焊丝同侧的水冷铜滑块5对焊缝3强迫冷却成型;所述焊丝4角度与水平面垂直,且焊丝4与待焊接钢板1夹角β为15~45°。
上述焊丝4在焊接过程中从焊缝上端到下端焊接。且待焊接钢板1与水平面之间的夹角α为45~75°。其中所述衬垫2为陶瓷衬垫或铜衬垫。在本实施例中衬垫2为陶瓷衬垫。
需要说明的是,所述焊接的焊接电流为400~450A,电压为42~44V,速度为6~8cm/min,CO2气体流量25~30L/min。
焊接时,焊丝4有上到下移动,且焊丝4左右摆动进而能够获得更佳的焊缝截面形状,而焊丝4前后摆动幅度为8~15mm,焊丝4干伸长H为20~25mm。
本实施例中所述待焊接钢板1厚度为10~25mm,且两所述待焊接钢板1坡口间隙h为5~16mm,坡口角度γ为30~45°。
以焊接时焊接电流为400A、焊接电压为42V、焊接速度为6cm/min、CO2气体流量25为例,焊接完毕后通过超声波无损检测可知,焊接处反馈的波形整体在坐标系中均位于φ3线下方,则表明本发明中获得焊缝符合船标标准(CB/T 3559-2011)。
以焊接时焊接电流为410A、焊接电压为44V、焊接速度为7cm/min、CO2气体流量28L/min为例,焊接完毕后通过超声波无损检测可知,焊接处反馈的波形整体在坐标系中均位于φ3线下方,则表明本发明中获得焊缝符合船标标准(CB/T 3559-2011)。
以焊接时焊接电流为420A、焊接电压为42V、焊接速度为8cm/min、CO2气体流量28L/min为例,焊接完毕后通过超声波无损检测可知,焊接处反馈的波 形整体在坐标系中均位于φ3线下方,则表明本发明中获得焊缝符合船标标准(CB/T 3559-2011)。
以焊接时焊接电流为430A、焊接电压为43V、焊接速度为7cm/min、CO2气体流量30L/min为例,焊接完毕后通过超声波无损检测可知,焊接处反馈的波形整体在坐标系中均位于φ3线下方,则表明本发明中获得焊缝符合船标标准(CB/T 3559-2011)。
以焊接时焊接电流为440A、焊接电压为42V、焊接速度为7cm/min、CO2气体流量30L/min为例,焊接完毕后通过超声波无损检测可知,焊接处反馈的波形整体在坐标系中均位于φ3线下方,则表明本发明中获得焊缝符合船标标准(CB/T 3559-2011)。
以焊接时焊接电流为450A、焊接电压为42V、焊接速度为6cm/min、CO2气体流量26L/min为例,焊接完毕后通过超声波无损检测可知,焊接处反馈的波形整体在坐标系中均位于φ3线下方,则表明本发明中获得焊缝符合船标标准(CB/T 3559-2011)。
需要说明的是本实施例中的φ3线是船舶焊接中使用的判废线,若超声波检测获得的波形中的任一点在φ3线上方,则焊接质量不合格。
参考图1,本实施例中焊接过程中不断通入CO2气体作为保护气体,焊枪6在待焊接钢板1的坡口内释放出焊丝4进行焊接,同时坡口背面的衬垫2和正面的水冷铜滑块5对焊缝3进行冷却成型,使得焊缝3能够达到一次焊接双面成型的目的,由于焊丝4通过丝轮7传送,进而能够保证长焊道的连续焊接,降低了焊接时的作业劳动强度,同时提高了焊接效率。
注意,以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施方式的限制,上述实施方式 和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内,本发明的要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    (1)、将与水平面倾斜设置的待焊接钢板坡口两侧进行表面局部处理,并清除铁锈、水分和油污;
    (2)、在待焊接钢板背面贴衬垫;
    (3)、利用CO2作为保护气体,焊枪在待焊接钢板坡口内部释放出焊丝进行焊接,使液态金属熔池将整个坡口填满,并利用坡口背面的衬垫和与焊丝同侧的水冷铜滑块对焊缝强迫冷却成型;所述焊丝角度与水平面垂直,且焊丝与待焊接钢板夹角β为15~45°。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法,其特征在于,待焊接钢板与水平面之间的夹角α为45~75°。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法,其特征在于,所述焊接的焊接电流为400~450A,电压为42~44V,速度为6~8cm/min,CO2气体流量25~30L/min。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法,其特征在于,所述衬垫为陶瓷衬垫或铜衬垫。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法,其特征在于,焊接时,所述焊丝前后摆动幅度为8~15mm,焊丝干伸长H为20~25mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法,其特征在于,所述待焊接钢板厚度为10~25mm,且两所述待焊接钢板坡口间隙h为5~16mm,坡口γ为30~45°。
PCT/CN2017/100617 2017-04-28 2017-09-05 倾斜位置垂直气电焊焊接方法 WO2018196251A1 (zh)

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