WO2018195925A1 - 太阳能交通工具 - Google Patents

太阳能交通工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018195925A1
WO2018195925A1 PCT/CN2017/082458 CN2017082458W WO2018195925A1 WO 2018195925 A1 WO2018195925 A1 WO 2018195925A1 CN 2017082458 W CN2017082458 W CN 2017082458W WO 2018195925 A1 WO2018195925 A1 WO 2018195925A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
layer
solar
concentrating
disposed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/082458
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡笑平
Original Assignee
博立多媒体控股有限公司
胡笑平
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 博立多媒体控股有限公司, 胡笑平 filed Critical 博立多媒体控股有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2017/082458 priority Critical patent/WO2018195925A1/zh
Publication of WO2018195925A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018195925A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K16/00Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to vehicles, and in particular to a vehicle that is fully or partially solar powered.
  • a solar vehicle including a solar roof for powering other systems in the vehicle, and the other systems include at least one of a power system, a power system, and an energy storage system.
  • the solar cap may be disposed on the top or the outside of the vehicle, and includes at least two layered structures, and at least part of the surface of each of the layered structures is provided with a photoelectric conversion device.
  • the at least two layered structures are comprised of at least one fixed layer and at least one active layer, the fixed layer being fixedly coupled to the housing of the vehicle, the movable layer being coupled to the casing of the vehicle in a telescopic or rotatable manner relative to the fixed layer
  • the body is such that the active layer can be switched between a retracted position and a deployed position.
  • a solar powered vehicle has a movable solar top cover that can be deployed as needed or Collapse the active layer to dynamically adjust the area and shape of the receiving sunlight.
  • the active layer can be placed in a retracted position during vehicle travel or aircraft take-off to reduce vehicle drag and improve safety, and after the vehicle is parked or the aircraft glides into the active layer to obtain a larger Solar receiving area.
  • the solar vehicle according to the present invention can obtain more solar energy than conventional solar vehicles without affecting driving and safety, making the utilization of solar energy practical.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solar vehicle of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an array composed of a photovoltaic unit in the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a preferred mode of partitioning of the lens A12 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an array composed of another photovoltaic unit in the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a preferred mode of partitioning of lens B12 of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a solar vehicle of Embodiment 2;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a solar vehicle of Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of a solar vehicle of Embodiment 4.
  • Embodiment 1 One embodiment of a solar powered vehicle in accordance with the present invention may refer to FIG. 1, including a housing 110, three solar caps 120, 120', 120".
  • the vehicle in accordance with the present invention may be of other types, such as motorcycles, trains, boats, unmanned aerial vehicles, aircraft, and the like.
  • the type of power of the so-called vehicle can be either electric or hybrid.
  • the portion of the housing that faces the sky may be referred to as a top cover.
  • the so-called solar caps are placed on the top or outside of the vehicle for powering other systems in the vehicle.
  • Other systems may be referred to as at least one of a power system, a power system, and an energy storage system.
  • the solar cap can be the full source of electrical energy required in the vehicle to which it belongs, or it can provide only a portion of the required electrical energy as an auxiliary source of energy.
  • the housing of the vehicle refers to an outer frame structure that functions primarily as a unitary support, which is generally rigid, and a solar roof can be disposed on the housing.
  • the solar cap 120" is a conventional fixed cap having a fixed layered structure disposed on the casing at the front of the vehicle (in front of the cab).
  • the solar caps 120 and 120' are movable caps according to the present invention, each comprising at least two layered structures, each of which is provided with a photoelectric conversion device on at least a part of its surface.
  • the movable solar roof may also have more than two layered structures, for example, two or more movable layers, to facilitate designing in different contracted or expanded configurations.
  • the solar cap 120 is composed of a fixed layer 121 and a movable layer 122.
  • the fixed layer 121 is fixedly attached to the housing 110, specifically at the top of the vehicle (above the cab).
  • the movable layer 122 is coupled to the housing 110 in a telescopic manner relative to the fixed layer 121.
  • the movable layer 122 is located above the fixed layer 121, and is slidable along the upper surface of the fixed layer 121 by rails (not shown) fixed to both sides of the fixed layer.
  • the movable layer 122 is switched between a retracted position and an unfolded position by sliding telescopic.
  • the active layer 122 When the active layer 122 is in the retracted position ⁇ , it overlaps the fixed layer 121, and when the movable layer 122 is in the expanded position ⁇ , it protrudes toward the front of the vehicle (still partially overlapping the fixed layer 121), located in the front window of the cab Above.
  • the active layer can also be moved by rotation or flipping, and the trajectory of its expansion or rotation can be either a straight line or a curved line.
  • the solar cap 120' has a structure similar to the solar cap 120, and is composed of a fixed layer 12A and an active layer 122'.
  • the fixed layer 121' is located at the rear of the vehicle, and the movable layer 122' is slidable rearwardly with respect to the fixed layer 12A.
  • the contraction and deployment of the active layer can be controlled automatically or manually by the user as needed, and preferably, the extent or extent of contraction and deployment can be further controlled.
  • it can be operated by a preset automatic control program or by a control button provided on the vehicle or on the vehicle's electronic key.
  • Specific control operations may include, for example, fully deploying all of the active layers after the vehicle is parked so that the solar roof has the largest area for receiving sunlight (this also helps to block sunlight entering the interior of the vehicle, reducing The internal temperature of the vehicle is increased.)
  • the active layer is completely or partially contracted according to the influence of the moving part on the driving state to ensure driving safety.
  • the active layer 122' at the tail can remain stretched or fully retracted.
  • the active layer 122 can be partially deployed in the backlighting of the vehicle to help block the direct sunlight from the cab.
  • the active layer may have a different positional relationship with the fixed layer. Generally, when the active layer is in the deployed position, it is at least partially located in the fixed layer. In addition, to increase the light-receiving area; when the active layer is in the retracted position ⁇ , it at least partially overlaps above or below the fixed layer or is hidden in the housing of the vehicle.
  • the active layer may have multiple stages, the first active layer is telescopically or rotatably coupled to the fixed layer, and the second active layer is telescopically or rotatably coupled to the first active layer. This multi-stage structure allows for greater flexibility in the shrinkage and unfolding of the active layer, helping to achieve a larger light-receiving area and a more free control.
  • the electrical energy generated by each of the solar caps in this embodiment is supplied to an energy storage system that includes an energy storage device 130 (e.g., a battery).
  • an energy storage device 130 e.g., a battery
  • the energy storage device 130 can be disposed inside the seat cushion and/or backrest of the seat of the vehicle. This helps maximize reuse and reduce costs.
  • the energy storage device can also be mounted at other locations on the vehicle, such as the front of the vehicle body.
  • At least two layered structures included in the solar cap may be formed substantially in a sheet shape or a plate shape (either planar or curved).
  • the fixed layer may preferably be rigid Layers, such as plate-shaped photovoltaic panels;
  • the active layer may be a rigid or flexible layer, such as a plate-shaped photovoltaic panel, or a sheet-like photovoltaic film.
  • the active layer can be used to at least partially cover the outside or inside of a window of the vehicle (e.g., the front or rear window of the cab) or extend beyond the fixed portion of the roof of the vehicle.
  • the so-called photovoltaic panel refers to rigid photoelectric conversion devices, such as polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels, calcium titanium photovoltaic panels, etc.; the so-called photovoltaic film refers to flexible photoelectric conversion devices, such as quantum dot photovoltaic films.
  • the active layer can also be formed by a double-sided photoelectric conversion device, which is capable of receiving sunlight from both sides of the front and generating electric energy.
  • the layered structure may also employ a plate-like array composed of a plurality of concentrating photovoltaic units, which may be regarded as a rigid layer.
  • each concentrating photovoltaic unit includes a photoelectric conversion device at the bottom and a light guiding structure for concentrating sunlight thereon.
  • the light guiding structure can collect light to improve the utilization efficiency of the light energy; the array structure can reduce the size of the single unit on the one hand, thereby reducing the thickness of the layered structure, and on the other hand, reducing the cost of the solar cover.
  • the solar vehicle according to the invention is made more practical. Different types of concentrating photovoltaic units can be formed based on different types of light guiding structures, as exemplified below.
  • the light guiding structure includes a tapered groove Al l , a linear concentrating Fresnel lens A12, and a linear astigmatic Fresnel lens A13.
  • the tapered groove Al1 is composed of a pair of inclined faces A111 and a pair of upright faces A112, wherein the inclined face A111 is a mirror surface, and the upright face A112 is a light transmitting face.
  • the photoelectric conversion device A14 is disposed at the bottom of the tapered groove where the opening is small. Since the tapered grooves in this example are elongated, the inclined surface A111 on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the length may be referred to as a side surface, and the vertical surface A112 located at both ends in the longitudinal direction thereof may be referred to as an end surface.
  • the linear concentrating Fresnel lens A12 is disposed on the larger top of the mouth of the tapered groove, preferably covering and closing the top.
  • the extending direction of the focus center line of the lens A12 substantially coincides with the extending direction of the length of the tapered groove A1.
  • the Fresnel lens is a thin lens.
  • the "concentrated" (or “astigmatic") Fresnel lens referred to herein is The Fresnel lens whose finger surface is derived from the convex lens surface (or the concave lens surface) has a converging (or diverging) effect on the light.
  • the so-called “linear” Fresnel lens including the linear astigmatic Fresnel lens and the linear concentrating Fresnel lens, means that the focus center of the lens is a line instead of being concentrated at one point.
  • the tooth flanks of a linear Fresnel lens may originate from a concave (or convex) cylindrical face, or a concave (or convex) polynomial cylinder.
  • the linear astigmatic Fresnel lens A13 is disposed upright in the tapered groove under the linear concentrating Fresnel lens A12, and the extending direction of the focus center line extends substantially the length of the tapered groove. The direction is the same. It is used to scatter the light reflected from the slope A111 of the tapered groove toward the bottom.
  • FIG. 2 For the sake of simplicity, only six closely arranged photovoltaic cells are shown in FIG. 2, the bottoms (photoelectric conversion devices) of all cells are basically disposed on the same plane, and the top (concentrated Fresnel lens) is also basically set. On the same plane, the entire integrated array is formed as a unitary layered structure that can be used to act as a fixed or active layer for the solar cap.
  • the linear concentrating Fresnel lens A12 may be partitioned, each region having a different optical parameter.
  • the Fresnel lens A12 is divided into a plurality of regions according to the distance from the optical center plane SS (three regions are schematically shown in FIG. 3), which are farther from the center plane.
  • the regions (for example, the two symmetric regions C1 1 and Ci r ) have a shorter focal length F1 ; the regions closer to the center plane (for example, the region C10) have a longer focal length F2.
  • LL denotes incident light
  • the optical center plane refers to the plane where the focal center line of the lens and the optical axis are located.
  • the light guiding structure includes a cone cylinder Bl, a concentrating Fresnel lens B12, and two linear astigmatic Fresnel lenses B13 and B13'.
  • the conical cylinder B11 is formed by enclosing two pairs of inclined surfaces to form an inverted trapezoidal frustum.
  • the inner wall of the cylinder is a mirror surface, and the photoelectric conversion device B14 is disposed at the bottom of the cone of the cone.
  • the concentrating Fresnel lens B12 is disposed on the larger top of the mouth of the cone, preferably covering and closing the top.
  • the lens B12 may be a simple Fresnel lens having a single focus center or a composite Fresnel lens composed of a plurality of Fresnel cells.
  • Two linear astigmatic Fresnel lenses B13 and B13' are arranged in a cross shape and are placed upright in a cross shape Inside the cylinder, located below the concentrating Fresnel lens B12, the extending center line of each linear astigmatic Fresnel lens extends substantially in the direction of its lateral extension, and is used to face the cone of the cone The light reflected by the slope is scattered toward the bottom.
  • FIG. 4 For the sake of simplicity, only nine closely spaced photovoltaic units are shown in FIG. 4, and the number of cells may be increased or decreased in the lateral or vertical direction as needed, and the entire integrated array is formed as a unitary layered structure.
  • the concentrating Fresnel lens B12 may be partitioned, each region having a different optical parameter. Specifically, referring to FIG. 5, the Fresnel lens B12 is divided into a plurality of regions (two regions are schematically shown in FIG. 5) according to the distance from the central optical axis ZZ, and is farther from the central optical axis.
  • the area for example, area D11
  • the area closer to the central optical axis for example, area D10) has a longer focal length F2.
  • the Fresnel lens B12 is a composite Fresnel lens composed of a plurality of Fresnel cells, and the central optical axis refers to the common optical axis of these Fresnel cells, usually located in the Fresnel lens. At the geometric center.
  • the above two preferred concentrating photovoltaic units not only can obtain an excellent concentrating ratio, reduce the thickness of the overall layered array, and more importantly, can also adapt to changes in different sun positions and vehicle orientations. , effectively improve the practicality of the solar cap.
  • FIG. 6 Another embodiment of a solar vehicle according to the present invention can refer to FIG. 6, including a housing 210, two solar caps 220, 220", and an energy storage device 230.
  • the solar cap 220" is a conventional fixed cap having a fixed layer structure mounted on the casing at the front of the vehicle.
  • the energy storage device 230 is installed in a conventional manner. At the front of the vehicle body. For the sake of simplicity, only the electrical connection line between the energy storage device 230 and the fixed top cover 220'' is shown in Fig. 6, and the remaining electrical connection lines have been omitted.
  • the solar top cover 220 is a movable top cover in accordance with the present invention having a fixed layer 221 secured to the housing at the top of the vehicle.
  • the main difference between the movable top cover 220 and the movable top cover 120 in the first embodiment is that there are two movable layers 222a and 222b, which are respectively located below the fixed layer 221, and are respectively moved in opposite directions with respect to the fixed layer 221, respectively.
  • the movable layer 222a can slide forward along the lower surface of the fixed layer 221 to the front of the cab, and the movable layer 222b can slide backward along the lower surface of the fixed layer 221, Block the upper part of the rear window.
  • control manner of the movable top cover and the specific form of the layered structure in this embodiment can be referred to the description in Embodiment 1.
  • the two active layers can be fully deployed while the vehicle is parked, and the active layer is fully or partially contracted during the travel.
  • the movable layers 222a and 222b may be located in the interlayer between the fixed layer 221 and an underlying fixing structure 223, and the three-layered sandwich structure can have higher strength and better. Security.
  • the fixed layer 221 may have a curved outer shape
  • the movable layers 222a and 222b may have a planar outer shape, so that the aesthetics and wind resistance of the vehicle are not affected, and the manufacturing is relatively simple and the safety is also higher.
  • FIG. 7 Another embodiment of a solar powered vehicle in accordance with the present invention may refer to FIG. 7, including a housing 310, three solar caps 320, 320', 320".
  • the solar cap 320" is a conventional fixed cap having a fixed layered structure.
  • the energy storage device is omitted in the embodiment, and can be actually set as needed.
  • the solar caps 320 and 320' are both movable top covers.
  • the top cover 320 includes: a fixed layer 321
  • the flexible movable layer can be made, for example, of a flexible photovoltaic film, and the path of the movable layer can be curved or curved in order to fit the shape of the window, or the flexible movable layer can also be rolled up or rolled up by rolling. .
  • the top cover 320' is composed of a fixed layer 32'' and a movable layer 322'.
  • the fixed layer 32 is mounted at the rear of the vehicle, and the movable layer 322' is slidable rearwardly with respect to the fixed layer 321'.
  • Example 4 Another embodiment of a solar powered vehicle in accordance with the present invention can be seen in FIG. 8, including a housing 410, three solar caps 420, 420", 420"'.
  • the solar caps 420" and 420'" are conventional fixed caps each having a fixed layered structure that is mounted on the front and rear housings of the vehicle, respectively.
  • Solar roof 420 is a movable roof in accordance with the present invention and is comprised of a fixed layer 421 and six movable layers.
  • the fixed layer 421 is mounted on the top of the vehicle.
  • the six active layers include two first level active layers 422a and 422b, and four second level active layers 422aa, 422ab, 422ba, 422bb.
  • the first stage active layers 422a and 422b are pivotally coupled to both sides of the fixed layer 421, respectively, and are capable of flipping over the sides of the vehicle.
  • the second stage active layers 422aa and 422ab are slidably coupled to the first stage active layer 422a to be able to slide forward and backward along the surface of the first stage movable layer 422a, respectively.
  • the second active layers 422ba and 422bb are slidably coupled to the first active layer 422b to be able to slide forward and backward along the surface of the first active layer 422b, respectively.
  • Both sides of the active layer may be provided with a photoelectric conversion device (or a double-sided photoelectric conversion device), or a photoelectric conversion device may be provided on only one side and a mirror surface on the other side.
  • a photoelectric conversion device or a double-sided photoelectric conversion device

Abstract

一种太阳能交通工具,包括用于为该交通工具中的其他系统供电的太阳能顶盖(120,120 ,,120 ,,)。太阳能顶盖(120,120 ,,120 ,,)设置在交通工具的顶部或外侧,包括至少两个层状结构,每个层状结构的至少部分表面上设置有光电转换器件。该至少两个层状结构由至少一个固定层(121,121 ,)和至少一个活动层(122,122 ,)组成,固定层(121,121 ,)固定连接到交通工具的壳体(110),活动层(122,122 ,)以相对于固定层(121,121 ,)可伸缩或可旋转的方式连接到交通工具的壳体(110),以使得活动层(122,122 ,)能够在一收缩位置与一展开位置之间切换。该交通工具比传统的太阳能交通工具获得更多的太阳能,使得对太阳能的利用具有实用价值。

Description

发明名称:太阳能交通工具
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及交通工具, 具体涉及一种全部或部分采用太阳能供电的交通工具。
背景技术
[0002] 随着对环境保护的日益重视, 采用新能源, 例如太阳能的交通工具逐渐兴起。
本文中, 将各种车辆 (包括汽车和摩托车) 、 船、 飞行器等, 统称为交通工具 。 一种常见的做法是在这些交通工具上配备光伏板, 以完全地或辅助地为所在 的交通工具供能。 显然, 交通工具的顶盖是安装光伏板的有利位置。
[0003] 出于安全和成本的考虑, 现有的交通工具通常采用固定的顶盖。 然而, 若仅仅 在固定的顶盖上安装光伏板, 所获取的太阳能通常十分有限, 难以给使用者带 来有实用意义的使用价值。 因此, 有必要研究能够提高太阳能利用能力的太阳 能交通工具。
技术问题
[0004] 在此处键入技术问题描述段落。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 依据本发明提供一种太阳能交通工具, 包括用于为该交通工具中的其他系统供 电的太阳能顶盖, 所称其他系统包括动力系统、 用电系统、 储能系统中的至少 一种。 太阳能顶盖可设置在交通工具的顶部或外侧, 包括至少两个层状结构, 每个层状结构的至少部分表面上设置有光电转换器件。 该至少两个层状结构由 至少一个固定层和至少一个活动层组成, 固定层固定连接到交通工具的壳体, 活动层以相对于固定层可伸缩或可旋转的方式连接到交通工具的壳体, 以使得 活动层能够在一收缩位置与一展幵位置之间切换。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0006] 依据本发明的太阳能交通工具具有活动式的太阳能顶盖, 能够根据需要展幵或 收起活动层, 从而动态地调整接收太阳光的面积和形状。 例如, 可以在车辆行 驶或飞行器起飞的过程中使活动层处于收缩位置, 以减少交通工具的阻力, 并 提高安全性, 而在交通工具停泊后或飞行器滑翔吋展幵活动层以获得更大的太 阳光接收面积。 依据本发明的太阳能交通工具能够在不影响行驶和安全的情况 下比传统的太阳能交通工具获得更多的太阳能, 使得对太阳能的利用具有实用 价值。
[0007] 本发明中还优选地提供用于太阳能交通工具的高性能、 低成本的聚光式光伏单 元, 从而使得太阳能交通工具更具有实用价值, 能被更多的使用者和应用领域 所接受。
[0008] 以下结合附图, 对依据本发明的具体示例进行详细说明。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0009] 图 1是实施例 1的太阳能交通工具的结构示意图;
[0010] 图 2是本发明中的由一种光伏单元组成的阵列的结构示意图;
[0011] 图 3是图 2中的透镜 A12的一种优选的分区方式示意图;
[0012] 图 4是本发明中的由另一种光伏单元组成的阵列的结构示意图;
[0013] 图 5是图 4中的透镜 B12的一种优选的分区方式示意图;
[0014] 图 6是实施例 2的太阳能交通工具的结构示意图;
[0015] 图 7是实施例 3的太阳能交通工具的结构示意图;
[0016] 图 8是实施例 4的太阳能交通工具的俯视示意图。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0017] 在此处键入本发明的最佳实施方式描述段落。
本发明的实施方式
[0018] 具体实施方式
[0019] 实施例 1 [0020] 依据本发明的太阳能交通工具的一种实施方式可参考图 1, 包括壳体 110, 三个 太阳能顶盖 120, 120', 120"。
[0021] 简明起见, 在本实施例以及后续的实施例中, 以小型汽车作为交通工具的示例 进行说明。 显然, 本领域技术人员容易理解, 依据本发明的交通工具也可以是 其他类型, 例如摩托车、 火车、 船、 无人飞行器、 飞机等。 所称交通工具的动 力类型既可以是电动的, 也可以是混合动力的。 对于不同类型的交通工具而言 , 其朝向天空的壳体部分, 均可以被称为顶盖。
[0022] 所称太阳能顶盖设置在交通工具的顶部或外侧, 用于为交通工具中的其他系统 供电。 所称其他系统可包括动力系统、 用电系统、 储能系统中的至少一种。 太 阳能顶盖可以是其所属交通工具中所需要的电能的全部来源, 也可以仅作为辅 助性的能量来源而提供所需电能的一部分。
[0023] 交通工具的壳体指主要起整体支撑作用的外部框架性结构, 其通常为刚性的, 太阳能顶盖可布置在壳体上。
[0024] 本实施例中, 太阳能顶盖 120"是传统的固定式顶盖, 具有一个固定的层状结构 , 设置在车辆前部 (驾驶室前方) 的壳体上。
[0025] 太阳能顶盖 120和 120', 是依据本发明的一种活动式顶盖, 每个包括至少两个 层状结构, 每个层状结构的至少部分表面上设置有光电转换器件。 在其他实施 方式中, 活动式太阳能顶盖也可以具有两个以上的层状结构, 例如可具有两个 或多个活动层, 以便于设计成不同的收缩或展幵形式。
[0026] 太阳能顶盖 120由一个固定层 121和一个活动层 122组成。 固定层 121固定连接到 壳体 110, 具体位于车辆顶部 (驾驶室上方) 。 活动层 122以相对于固定层 121可 伸缩的方式连接到壳体 110。 具体地, 活动层 122位于固定层 121上方, 能够通过 固定在固定层两侧的滑轨 (未图示) 沿固定层 121的上表面进行滑动。
[0027] 本实施例中, 活动层 122通过滑动式伸缩在一收缩位置与一展幵位置之间切换 。 当活动层 122处于收缩位置吋, 其重叠在固定层 121上方, 当活动层 122处于展 幵位置吋, 其向车辆前方伸出 (仍可与固定层 121部分地重叠) , 位于驾驶室前 窗的上方。 在其他实施方式中, 活动层也可以通过旋转或翻转等方式进行移动 , 并且其伸缩或旋转的轨迹既可以是直线也可以是曲线。 [0028] 太阳能顶盖 120'的结构与太阳能顶盖 120类似, 由一个固定层 12Γ和一个活动层 122'组成。 固定层 121 '位于车辆尾部, 活动层 122'能够相对于固定层 12Γ向后滑 动并展幵。
[0029] 可以根据需要自动地或者由用户手动地控制活动层的收缩和展幵, 优选地, 还 可以进一步控制收缩和展幵的范围或程度。 例如, 可以通过预置的自动控制程 序来进行操作, 或者通过设置在车辆上或车辆的电子钥匙上的控制按钮来进行 操作。 具体的控制操作例如可以包括, 在车辆停泊吋完全展幵所有的活动层, 以使得太阳能顶盖具有最大的接收太阳光的面积 (这同吋还有助于挡住射入车 辆内部的阳光, 减少车辆内部温度的升高) ; 在车辆行驶吋, 根据活动部分对 行驶状态的影响完全地或部分地收缩活动层, 以保障行驶安全。 例如, 在车辆 行驶吋, 位于尾部的活动层 122'可以保持展幵也可以完全缩回。 又如, 可以在车 辆逆光行驶吋部分地展幵活动层 122, 以帮助遮挡直射驾驶室的阳光。
[0030] 在其他实施方式中, 根据活动层运动方式的不同, 其与固定层可以具有不同的 位置关系, 一般而言, 当活动层处于展幵位置吋, 其至少部分地位于固定层的 范围之外, 以增大受光面积; 当活动层处于收缩位置吋, 其至少部分地重叠于 固定层之上或者之下或者隐藏在交通工具的壳体中。 在一些实施方式中, 活动 层可以具有多级, 第一级活动层可伸缩或可旋转地连接在固定层上, 第二级活 动层可伸缩或可旋转地连接在第一级活动层上, 这种多级结构使得活动层的收 缩和展幵形态具有更大的灵活性, 有助于获得更大的受光面积和更自由的控制 方式。
[0031] 示例性地, 本实施例中各太阳能顶盖产生的电能被供给至储能系统, 其包括一 储能装置 130 (例如电池) 。 简明起见, 图 1中仅示出了储能装置 130与固定层 12 Γ之间的电连接线, 其余电连接线已省略。 作为一种优选的实施方式, 储能装置 130可设置在车辆的座椅的坐垫和 /或靠背内部。 这样有助于最大限度地重复利用 空间和降低成本。 在其他实施方式中, 储能装置也可安装在车辆的其他位置, 例如车身前部。
[0032] 本发明中, 太阳能顶盖所包含的至少两个层状结构, 每个可大致形成为片状或 板状 (既可以是平面型的也可以是曲面型的) 。 其中, 固定层可优选为刚性的 层, 例如板状的光伏板; 活动层可以是刚性的或者柔性的层, 例如板状的光伏 板, 或者片状的光伏薄膜。 活动层在伸展后可用于至少部分地遮盖交通工具的 一窗户 (例如驾驶室的前窗或后窗) 的外侧或内侧, 或伸展到交通工具的顶盖 的固定部分之外。 所称光伏板泛指刚性的光电转换器件, 例如多晶硅光伏板、 钙钛光伏板等; 所称光伏薄膜泛指柔性的光电转换器件, 例如量子点光伏薄膜
、 CIGS光伏薄膜等。 根据活动层展幵后的形态或位置, 例如背面 (指与设置光 电转换器件的面相对的另一个面) 是否能够接收到太阳光, 可以进一步在其背 面设置光电转换器件或者反射镜面, 或者, 活动层也可由双面光电转换器件形 成, 所称双面光电转换器件能够从正反两面接收太阳光并产生电能。
[0033] 作为一种优选的实施方式, 层状结构还可采用由多个聚光式光伏单元组成的板 状阵列, 这可视为一种刚性的层。 一般而言, 每个聚光式光伏单元包括位于底 部的光电转换器件以及用于将太阳光会聚于其上的导光结构。 采用导光结构能 够聚集光线从而提高对光能的利用效率; 采用阵列式结构, 一方面能够缩小单 个单元的尺寸, 从而降低层状结构的厚度, 另一方面也有利于降低太阳能顶盖 的成本, 使得依据本发明的太阳能交通工具更具实用价值。 基于不同类型的导 光结构可以形成不同类型的聚光式光伏单元, 以下举例进行说明。
[0034] 一、 线型聚光式光伏单元
[0035] 参见图 2, 其导光结构包括锥形槽 Al l , 线型聚光型菲涅尔透镜 A12, 线型散光 型菲涅尔透镜 A13。
[0036] 锥形槽 Al l由一对斜面 A111和一对直立面 A112围合构成, 其中, 斜面 A111为 反射镜面, 直立面 A112为透光面。 光电转换器件 A14设置于锥形槽的幵口较小的 底部。 由于本例中的锥形槽呈现为长条形, 可将位于其长度延伸方向两侧的斜 面 A111称为侧面, 而将位于其长度延伸方向两端的直立面 A112称为端面。
[0037] 线型聚光型菲涅尔透镜 A12设置于锥形槽的幵口较大的顶部, 优选地, 覆盖并 封闭该顶部。 透镜 A12的聚焦中心线的延伸方向基本与锥形槽 Al l的长度延伸方 向一致。 菲涅尔透镜是一种薄型透镜, 关于菲涅尔透镜的详细介绍可参见名称 为"菲涅尔透镜系统", 公布日为 2016年 6月 2日, 国际公布号为 WO/2016/082097 的 PCT申请, 在此不再赘述。 本文中所称"聚光型" (或"散光型") 菲涅尔透镜是 指齿面源自凸透镜面 (或凹透镜面) 的菲涅尔透镜, 因而对光线具有会聚 (或 发散) 作用。 所称"线型"菲涅尔透镜, 包括线型散光型菲涅尔透镜和线型聚光型 菲涅尔透镜, 是指透镜的聚焦中心为一条线, 而不是集中在一个点上。 举例而 言, 线型菲涅尔透镜的齿面可源自凹形 (或凸形) 圆柱面、 或凹形 (或凸形) 多项式柱面。
[0038] 线型散光型菲涅尔透镜 A13, 直立地设置于锥形槽内, 位于线型聚光型菲涅尔 透镜 A12下方, 其聚焦中心线的延伸方向基本与锥形槽的长度延伸方向一致。 其 用于将锥形槽的斜面 A111反射过来的光线向底部散射。
[0039] 简明起见, 图 2中仅示出了六个紧密排列的光伏单元, 所有单元的底部 (光电 转换器件) 基本设置在同一平面上, 顶部 (聚光型菲涅尔透镜) 也基本设置在 同一平面上, 使得整个集成的阵列形成为整体的层状结构, 可用于充当为太阳 能顶盖的固定层或活动层。
[0040] 为了使得光电转换器件 A14上的光强分布更加均匀, 进一步优选地, 可以对线 型聚光型菲涅尔透镜 A12进行分区, 每个区域具有不同的光学参数。 具体地, 参 见图 3, 将菲涅尔透镜 A12按照与光学中心面 SS之间的距离分为多个区域 (图 3中 示意性地示出了 3个区域) , 与中心面距离更远的区域 (例如对称的两个区域 C1 1和 Ci r) , 具有更短的焦距 F1 ; 与中心面距离更近的区域 (例如区域 C10) , 具有更长的焦距 F2。 图 3中, LL表示入射的光线, 所称光学中心面是指透镜的聚 焦中心线与光轴所在的平面。
[0041] 二、 锥形聚光式光伏单元
[0042] 参见图 4, 其导光结构包括锥形筒 Bl l, 聚光型菲涅尔透镜 B12, 两个线型散光 型菲涅尔透镜 B13和 B13'。
[0043] 锥形筒 B11由两对斜面围合构成, 形成一个倒置的梯形锥台。 筒内壁为反射镜 面, 光电转换器件 B14设置于锥形筒的幵口较小的底部。
[0044] 聚光型菲涅尔透镜 B12设置于锥形筒的幵口较大的顶部, 优选地, 覆盖并封闭 该顶部。 透镜 B12可以是具有单个聚焦中心的简单菲涅尔透镜, 也可以是由多个 菲涅尔单元组成的复合菲涅尔透镜。
[0045] 两个线型散光型菲涅尔透镜 B13和 B13', 彼此成十字形地、 直立地设置于锥形 筒内, 位于聚光型菲涅尔透镜 B12下方, 每个线型散光型菲涅尔透镜的聚焦中心 线的延伸方向基本与其横向延伸方向一致, 用于将其所面对的锥形筒的斜面反 射过来的光线向底部散射。
[0046] 简明起见, 图 4中仅示出了九个紧密排列的光伏单元, 可根据需要在横向或纵 向上增加或减少单元的数量, 整个集成的阵列形成为整体的层状结构。
[0047] 为了使得光电转换器件 B14上的光强分布更加均匀, 进一步优选地, 可以对聚 光型菲涅尔透镜 B12进行分区, 每个区域具有不同的光学参数。 具体地, 参见图 5, 将菲涅尔透镜 B12按照与中心光轴 ZZ之间的距离分为多个区域 (图 5中示意性 地示出了 2个区域) , 与中心光轴距离更远的区域 (例如区域 D11) , 具有更短 的焦距 F1 ; 与中心光轴距离更近的区域 (例如区域 D10) , 具有更长的焦距 F2。 这种情况下, 菲涅尔透镜 B12是由多个菲涅尔单元组成的复合菲涅尔透镜, 所称 中心光轴是指这些菲涅尔单元的共同的光轴, 通常位于菲涅尔透镜的几何中心 处。
[0048] 以上两种优选的聚光式光伏单元, 不仅能够获得优秀的聚光比, 降低整体的层 状阵列的厚度, 更重要的是, 还能够适应不同太阳位置以及交通工具的方位的 变化, 有效提高太阳能顶盖的实用性。
[0049] 实施例 2
[0050] 依据本发明的太阳能交通工具的另一种实施方式可参考图 6, 包括壳体 210, 两 个太阳能顶盖 220, 220" , 储能装置 230。
[0051] 本实施例中, 太阳能顶盖 220"是传统的固定式顶盖, 具有一个固定的层状结构 , 安装在车辆前部的壳体上。 储能装置 230采用传统的安装方式, 设置在车身前 部。 简明起见, 图 6中仅示出了储能装置 230与固定式顶盖 220' '之间的电连接线 , 其余电连接线已省略。
[0052] 太阳能顶盖 220是依据本发明的一种活动式顶盖, 具有一个固定层 221, 固定在 车辆顶部的壳体上。 活动式顶盖 220与实施例 1中的活动式顶盖 120的主要区别在 于, 具有两个活动层 222a和 222b, 均位于固定层 221的下方, 且分别相对于固定 层 221以相反的方向移动。 具体地, 活动层 222a能够沿固定层 221的下表面向前滑 动伸展至驾驶室的前方, 活动层 222b能够沿固定层 221的下表面向后滑动伸展, 遮挡在后窗的上部。
[0053] 本实施例中的活动式顶盖的控制方式以及层状结构的具体形式可参照实施例 1 中的描述。 例如, 可在车辆停泊吋完全展幵两个活动层, 而在行驶吋全部或部 分地收缩活动层。
[0054] 作为一种优选的实施方式, 活动层 222a和 222b可位于固定层 221与一底层固定 结构 223之间的夹层中, 这种三层的夹心式结构能够具有更高的强度和更好的安 全性。 优选地, 固定层 221可具有曲面外形, 而活动层 222a和 222b可具有平面外 形, 这样, 既不影响车辆的美观和风阻, 又能使得制造相对简单, 安全性也更 高。
[0055] 实施例 3
[0056] 依据本发明的太阳能交通工具的另一种实施方式可参考图 7, 包括壳体 310, 三 个太阳能顶盖 320, 320', 320"。
[0057] 本实施例中, 太阳能顶盖 320"是传统的固定式顶盖, 具有一个固定的层状结构
, 安装在车辆前部的壳体上。 简明起见, 本实施例中省略了储能装置, 实际可 根据需要设置。
[0058] 太阳能顶盖 320和 320'均为活动式顶盖。 其中, 顶盖 320包括: 一个固定层 321
, 固定在车辆顶部的壳体上; 两个柔性的活动层 322a和 322b, 分别设置在驾驶室 前窗和后窗的内侧, 可分别在滑槽 324a和 324b的引导下沿着相应的窗户的内侧表 面伸缩。 柔性的活动层例如可采用柔性光伏薄膜制成, 并且为了贴合窗户的形 状, 活动层伸缩的路径可以是曲线形的, 或者柔性的活动层也可以采用滚卷的 方式被卷起或展幵。
[0059] 顶盖 320'由一个固定层 32Γ和一个活动层 322'组成。 固定层 32Γ安装在车辆尾 部, 活动层 322'能够相对于固定层 321 '向后滑动并展幵。
[0060] 在使用过程中, 可在车辆停泊吋完全展幵全部活动层, 由于两个柔性活动层能 够很好地遮盖驾驶室的前窗和后窗, 不仅能够充分利用太阳能, 也能够有效降 低车内的温度。 在行驶吋需要全部缩回柔性活动层, 位于车尾的活动层 322'可保 持展幵或者缩回。
[0061] 实施例 4 [0062] 依据本发明的太阳能交通工具的另一种实施方式可参考图 8, 包括壳体 410, 三 个太阳能顶盖 420, 420" , 420" '。
[0063] 本实施例中, 太阳能顶盖 420"和 420' "是传统的固定式顶盖, 各自具有一个固 定的层状结构, 分别安装在车辆前部和尾部的壳体上。
[0064] 太阳能顶盖 420是依据本发明的一种活动式顶盖, 由一个固定层 421和六个活动 层组成。 固定层 421安装在车辆顶部。
[0065] 六个活动层包括两个第一级活动层 422a和 422b, 以及四个第二级活动层 422aa , 422ab, 422ba, 422bb。 第一级活动层 422a和 422b分别可枢转地连接在固定层 4 21的两侧, 能够向车辆的两侧翻转展幵。 第二级活动层 422aa和 422ab与第一级活 动层 422a滑动连接, 能够沿第一级活动层 422a的表面分别向前和向后滑动展幵。 第二级活动层 422ba和 422bb与第一级活动层 422b滑动连接, 能够沿第一级活动层 422b的表面分别向前和向后滑动展幵。 活动层的两面均可设置有光电转换器件 (或采用双面光电转换器件) , 或者, 仅在一面设置有光电转换器件, 另一面 设置为反射镜面。 图 8中, 活动层完全展幵后, 基本朝向天空的表面为反射镜面 , 另一面为光伏面。
[0066] 本实施例通过在第一级活动层上设置第二级活动层, 能够通过活动层的逐级展 幵获得更大的受光面积, 从而使得依据本发明的太阳能交通工具, 在必要和可 行的吋候, 获得更多的太阳能。
[0067]
[0068] 以上应用具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述, 应该理解, 以上实 施方式只是用于帮助理解本发明, 而不应理解为对本发明的限制。 对于本领域 的一般技术人员, 依据本发明的思想, 可以对上述具体实施方式进行变化。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种太阳能交通工具, 其特征在于, 包括,
用于为所述交通工具中的其他系统供电的太阳能顶盖, 所述其他系统 包括动力系统、 用电系统、 储能系统中的至少一种,
所述太阳能顶盖设置在所述交通工具的顶部或外侧, 包括至少两个层 状结构, 每个层状结构的至少部分表面上设置有光电转换器件, 所述至少两个层状结构由至少一个固定层和至少一个活动层组成, 所述固定层固定连接到所述交通工具的壳体,
所述活动层以相对于所述固定层可伸缩或可旋转的方式连接到所述交 通工具的壳体, 以使得所述活动层能够在一收缩位置与一展幵位置之 间切换。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
所述活动层之一为刚性的或者柔性的层。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 1所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
所述活动层之一的背面至少部分为反射镜面, 所述背面指与设置光电 转换器件的面相对的另一个面。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 1至 3任意一项所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
所述活动层之一当处于展幵位置吋, 至少部分地遮盖所述交通工具的 一窗户的外侧或内侧; 或者
所述活动层之一当处于收缩位置吋, 至少部分地重叠在所述固定层的 上方或下方, 当位于所述固定层下方吋, 优选地位于所述固定层与一 底层固定结构之间的夹层中。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 1所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
包括两个活动层, 分别相对于所述固定层以相反的方向移动或转动。
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 1所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
包括第一级活动层和第二级活动层, 一第一级活动层可伸缩或可旋转 地连接在一固定层上, 一第二级活动层可伸缩或可旋转地连接在一第 一级活动层上。 如权利要求 6所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
第二级活动层之一的两面均设置有光电转换器件; 或者, 一面设置有 光电转换器件, 另一面至少部分为反射镜面; 或者采用双面光电转换 器件。
如前述任一权利要求所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
所述层状结构包括: 板状的光伏板, 或者片状的光伏薄膜, 或者由多 个聚光式光伏单元组成的板状阵列, 其中每个聚光式光伏单元包括位 于底部的光电转换器件以及用于将太阳光会聚于其上的导光结构。 如权利要求 8所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
所述聚光式光伏单元为线型聚光式光伏单元, 其导光结构包括: 一锥形槽, 其由一对斜面和一对直立面围合构成, 其中, 斜面为反射 镜面, 直立面为透光面, 所述光电转换器件设置于所述锥形槽的幵口 较小的底部;
一线型聚光型菲涅尔透镜, 设置于所述锥形槽的幵口较大的顶部, 其 聚焦中心线的延伸方向基本与所述锥形槽的长度延伸方向一致; 和 一线型散光型菲涅尔透镜, 直立地设置于所述锥形槽内, 位于所述线 型聚光型菲涅尔透镜下方, 其聚焦中心线的延伸方向基本与所述锥形 槽的长度延伸方向一致。
如权利要求 9所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
所述线型聚光型菲涅尔透镜按照与其光学中心面的距离被分为不同的 区域, 其中与中心面距离更远的区域, 具有更短的焦距, 与中心面距 离更近的区域, 具有更长的焦距。
如权利要求 8所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
所述聚光式光伏单元为锥形聚光式光伏单元, 其导光结构包括: 一锥形筒, 其由两对斜面围合构成, 筒内壁为反射镜面, 所述光电转 换器件设置于所述锥形筒的幵口较小的底部;
一聚光型菲涅尔透镜, 设置于所述锥形筒的幵口较大的顶部; 和 两个线型散光型菲涅尔透镜, 彼此成十字形地、 直立地设置于所述锥 形筒内, 位于所述聚光型菲涅尔透镜下方, 每个线型散光型菲涅尔透 镜的聚焦中心线的延伸方向基本与其横向延伸方向一致。
[权利要求 12] 如权利要求 11所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
所述聚光型菲涅尔透镜按照与其中心光轴的距离被分为不同的区域, 其中与中心光轴距离更远的区域, 具有更短的焦距, 与中心光轴距离 更近的区域, 具有更长的焦距。
[权利要求 13] 如前述任一权利要求所述的交通工具, 其特征在于,
所述太阳能顶盖供能至一储能系统, 其包括一储能装置, 所述储能装 置至少部分地设置在所述交通工具的座椅的坐垫和 /或靠背内部。
PCT/CN2017/082458 2017-04-28 2017-04-28 太阳能交通工具 WO2018195925A1 (zh)

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