WO2018193744A1 - Dispositif de fabrication tridimensionnelle - Google Patents

Dispositif de fabrication tridimensionnelle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018193744A1
WO2018193744A1 PCT/JP2018/008939 JP2018008939W WO2018193744A1 WO 2018193744 A1 WO2018193744 A1 WO 2018193744A1 JP 2018008939 W JP2018008939 W JP 2018008939W WO 2018193744 A1 WO2018193744 A1 WO 2018193744A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
region forming
radiation shield
modeling
electron beam
powder material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/008939
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
恭諒 丸小
武士 物種
Original Assignee
三菱電機株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by 三菱電機株式会社 filed Critical 三菱電機株式会社
Priority to JP2019513260A priority Critical patent/JP6639735B2/ja
Publication of WO2018193744A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018193744A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a three-dimensional modeling apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional modeled object by repeating a process of selectively solidifying a powder material made of metal particles, for example.
  • a three-dimensional shaped object is manufactured by irradiating a predetermined area of the powder layer formed of the powder material with a high-energy beam and selectively melting and solidifying the powder material by solidification or sintering.
  • the high energy beam a laser or an electron beam is used.
  • an electron beam it is possible to cope with a high melting point alloy and has a merit that a scanning speed is faster (for example, refer to Non-Patent Document 1).
  • a three-dimensional modeling apparatus an apparatus that irradiates an electron beam onto a material arranged on a work area while supplying a reactive gas has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1). Further, a manufacturing apparatus for forming a three-dimensional layered object by repeating the process of modifying the surface by irradiating the latest sintered layer with an electron beam in a rare gas atmosphere has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 2).
  • Non-Patent Document 1 when an electron beam is used to melt and solidify a powder material, the powder material is negatively charged due to the interaction with the electron beam, and the individual powders are coulomb repulsive. Therefore, it is necessary to preheat the powder material of the powder layer to prevent scattering.
  • the preheated powder material has a low electric resistance and is not charged to conduct the charge generated by the interaction with the electron beam, so that the above scattering does not occur. Therefore, in an apparatus for making a three-dimensional object using an electron beam, it has been proposed to raise the temperature of the powder material in advance by changing the beam current (beam output) and beam scanning speed of the electron beam (for example, Patent Document 3).
  • the present application has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a three-dimensional modeling apparatus that can easily sufficiently preheat a powder material even when a large three-dimensional model is manufactured. Is.
  • the three-dimensional modeling apparatus disclosed in the present application is a three-dimensional modeling apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional structure by repeating a process of selectively solidifying a powder material forming a powder layer by irradiation with an electron beam.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a three-dimensional modeling apparatus in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an outline of a radiation shield according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a frame of a radiation shield according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus in the first embodiment.
  • 6 is a perspective view of a radiation shield according to a modification of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the outline
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an outline of a radiation shield according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a frame of a radiation shield according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus in the first embodiment.
  • 6 is a perspective view of a radiation shield according to a modification of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. It is
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a three-dimensional modeling apparatus in a fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a three-dimensional modeling apparatus in a fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
  • an electron gun 2 that irradiates an electron beam EB1 downward, that is, an electron beam irradiation means, is provided above the vacuum chamber 1, and a ceiling surface 1b of the vacuum chamber 1, that is, a modeling region forming unit, An opening (not shown) through which the electron beam EB1 passes is provided on the opposite surface.
  • the electron gun 2 faces the modeling region forming unit 3 formed on the floor surface 1 a of the vacuum chamber 1, and can irradiate the inside of the modeling region forming unit 3 with the electron beam EB 1.
  • the modeling region forming unit 3 has a square horizontal section of 90 mm ⁇ 90 mm, for example, and the inside thereof becomes a modeling region of a three-dimensional modeled object, and a powder layer 7 made of a powder material is formed.
  • the powder material is a powdery material that solidifies to form a three-dimensional structure, and is irradiated with the electron beam EB1 from the electron gun 2 to be melted or solidified or sintered to become a solidified body 8.
  • the powder material constituting the powder layer 7 is, for example, a powder material of metal particles such as cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy or titanium alloy, but is not limited thereto, and can be melted, solidified or sintered by irradiation with an electron beam. Anything is acceptable.
  • the powder layer 7 is formed by supplying a predetermined amount of powder material while the powder material supply unit 93 moves on and around the modeling region forming unit 3 and laying the powder material in layers inside the modeling region forming unit 3. It is what is done.
  • the powder material supplied by the powder material supply unit 93 is stored in a powder material storage unit 92 that is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped box.
  • the powder material storage unit 92 drops the powder material and supplies the powder material to the powder material supply unit 93.
  • the position where the modeling region forming unit 3 is provided is not limited to the floor surface 1a, but any surface that faces the electron gun 2.
  • a work table (not shown) may be installed on the floor surface 1a, and the modeling area forming unit 3 may be provided on the upper surface.
  • FIG. 1 shows a state in which the modeling table 5 is lowered from the floor surface 1a by two layers of the powder layer 7, the first powder layer 7 below the broken line, and the second powder above the broken line.
  • Layer 7 The first powder layer 7 is formed thick to cover the periphery of the pedestal 4, but the second and subsequent powder layers 7 are formed with a thickness of about several tens of ⁇ m.
  • the pedestal 4 in a heated state is embedded in the first powder layer 7.
  • the pedestal 4 serves as a base portion of the three-dimensional structure and functions as a preheating member for the powder material.
  • the material of the pedestal 4 is not particularly limited as long as the temperature is raised by irradiation with an electron beam, but a material having a large heat capacity is preferable.
  • a radiation shield 10 that is supported at a predetermined height by a support jig 91 and covers the entire modeling region forming unit 3 is provided above the modeling region forming unit 3.
  • the radiation shield 10 has a trapezoidal shape that expands toward the lower side, that is, closer to the modeling region forming portion 3, and the cross-sectional area in the direction parallel to the floor surface 1a increases toward the lower side.
  • the height at which the radiation shield 10 is installed is not particularly limited as long as it does not hinder the movement of the powder material supply unit 93.
  • the radiation shield 10 is provided with an opening 10c facing the electron gun 2 at the upper end, an opening 10b facing the modeling region forming portion 3 at the lower end, and a hollow portion 10a through which the electron beam EB1 passes from the upper end to the lower end. Therefore, the radiation shield 10 does not prevent the irradiation of the electron beam EB1 from the electron gun 2 to the modeling region forming unit 3.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an outline of the radiation shield according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an upper frame of the radiation shield
  • FIG. 4 is a metal plate constituting a side portion of the radiation shield. That is, it is a figure which shows a plate-shaped member.
  • the radiation shield 10 is disposed at the upper end of the radiation shield 10, and a first side surface portion 13 and a second side surface portion 14 are arranged on each side of a rectangular frame 12 constituting the upper surface 11 of the radiation shield 10.
  • the first side surface portion 13 and the second side surface portion 14 are each attached to the frame 12 by screws 19 in pairs.
  • the first side surface portion 13 extends downward from the upper surface 11 of the radiation shield 10, that is, in the direction of the modeling region forming portion 3, and is attached to the upper surface 11 at a right angle.
  • the second side surface portion 14 extends downward from the upper surface 11 and is attached to the upper surface 11 at an angle of 45 °.
  • the second side surface portion 14 forms an angle of 45 ° with respect to the upper surface 11 of the radiation shield 10
  • the radiation shield 10 and the hollow portion 10a are shaped to expand downward.
  • the second side surface portion 14 forms an angle of 45 ° with respect to the upper surface 11.
  • the second side surface portion 14 The angle formed with respect to the upper surface 11 is not limited to 45 °, and may be an acute angle.
  • the first side surface portion 13 is attached at a right angle to the upper surface 11, but the first side surface portion 13 may be attached at an acute angle to the upper surface 11 in the same manner as the second side surface portion 14. Good.
  • the frame 12 has an opening 10 c having a size of, for example, 38 mm ⁇ 38 mm formed in the approximate center. Further, the frame 12 is provided with bent portions 12b at both left and right ends in the figure. The bent portion 12b is bent downward at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the upper surface 11, and the second side surface portion 14 is attached to the upper surface side. Also, two screw holes 12c through which the screws 19 pass are formed in the bent portion 12b.
  • the first side surface portion 13 is formed by overlapping the metal plates 131 shown in FIG. 4A in triplicate, and screw holes 13c of the respective metal plates 131 and screw holes formed in the side portions of the frame 12 (not shown). It is attached to the frame 12 with a screw 19 penetrating through.
  • the metal plate 131 has a trapezoidal shape in plan view, and has, for example, an upper side 13a having a length of 47 mm and an angle of 135 ° with the upper side 13a, for example, a hypotenuse 13b having a length of 74 mm.
  • the oblique side 13 b forms an angle of 45 ° downward with respect to the upper surface 11.
  • the second side surface portion 14 is formed by overlapping the metal plates 141 shown in FIG. 4B in a triple manner, and is attached to the frame 12 by screws 19 passing through the screw holes 14c of the respective metal plates 141 and the screw holes 12c of the frame 12. It is attached.
  • the metal plate 141 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and has, for example, a short side 14a having a length of 54 mm and a long side 14b having a length of 74 mm, for example.
  • the material of the metal plate 131 and the metal plate 141 is, for example, SUS304, and the thickness is 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
  • a space of about 2 mm is provided between the metal plate 131 and the metal plate 141 adjacent to each other with a washer or the like interposed therebetween.
  • the number and interval of the metal plates 131 and the metal plates 141 to be stacked are not limited to the above, and the plurality of metal plates 131 and the metal plates 141 may be stacked at intervals.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus in the first embodiment.
  • a powder material is spread over the modeling region forming unit 3 to form the first powder layer 7, and then the pedestal 4 is embedded on the upper surface of the first powder layer 7.
  • a preheating electron beam EB2 which is an electron beam having an energy density smaller than that of the electron beam EB1 for melting and solidifying the powder material, as shown in FIG.
  • heat radiation H2 is generated above the pedestal 4, and heat transfer H1 including heat conduction and heat radiation is generated laterally and below the pedestal 4. Since the radiation shield 10 covers the entire modeling region forming unit 3 as described above, most of the upward heat radiation H2 is collected and heated.
  • the heat transfer H1 raises the temperature of the powder layer 7 and the modeling region forming unit 3 surface.
  • the heat radiation H2 to the first powder layer 7 and the base 4 is generated from the heated radiation shield 10 as shown in FIG. .
  • heat transfer H1 to the first powder layer 7 and the pedestal 4 is generated from the surface of the modeling region forming portion 3 that has been heated.
  • the first powder layer 7 is heated by heat transfer H ⁇ b> 1 from the pedestal 4, heat transfer H ⁇ b> 1 from the surface of the modeling region forming unit 3, and heat radiation H ⁇ b> 2 from the radiation shield 10.
  • the second powder layer 7 is formed in the same manner as described above.
  • the first powder layer 7, the surface of the modeling region forming portion 3, and the radiation shield 10 are in a sufficiently heated state, and therefore the first powder layer 7 and Heat transfer H1 is generated from the pedestal 4 to the second powder layer 7, and heat radiation H2 is generated from the radiation shield 10 to the second powder layer 7.
  • the second powder layer 7 is preheated by these heat transfer H1 and heat radiation H2 to a temperature at which the powder material does not scatter even when irradiated with the preheating electron beam EB2. Thereafter, as shown in FIG.
  • the preheating electron beam EB2 is irradiated onto the second powder layer 7, and the two layers are heated to a temperature at which no scattering occurs even when the electron beam EB1 for melting and solidifying the powder material is irradiated. Preheat the powder layer 7 of the eye.
  • the heat transfer H1 from the first powder layer 7 and the pedestal 4 and the heat radiation H2 from the radiation shield 10 are also generated during preheating by the preheating electron beam EB2. That is, the second powder layer 7 is irradiated with the preheating electron beam EB2, in addition to the pedestal 4, the first powder layer 7 and the heat transfer H1 from the surface of the modeling region forming portion 3, and the radiation shield 10. It is also preheated by the heat radiation H2.
  • the electron beam EB1 is selectively irradiated to the powder material of the powder layer 7, and the powder material in a desired range is melted and solidified to be solidified. 8 is generated.
  • the modeling table 5 is further lowered, and the formation of the third and subsequent powder layers 7, preheating and generation of the solidified body are repeated in the same manner as in the case of the second layer.
  • the temperature of the pedestal 4 embedded in the first powder layer 7 is raised by irradiating the preheating electron beam EB2 emitted from the electron gun 2.
  • the pedestal 4 that has been heated in advance with a heater or the like may be embedded in the first powder layer 7.
  • the state in which the heated pedestal 4 is embedded in the first powder layer 7 continues for a certain time or more, and the radiation shield 10 is heated by the heat radiation H2 from the pedestal 4, and the heat from the pedestal 4 is increased.
  • the powder layer 7 may be preheated by the movement H1 and the heat radiation H2 from the radiation shield 10 whose temperature has been raised.
  • the radiation shield 10 is configured such that the first side surface portion 13 and the second side surface portion 14 are stacked with the three metal plates 131 and the metal plates 141 being spaced apart from each other.
  • the thermal resistance between each metal plate 131 and between each metal plate 141 is large. For this reason, the temperature rise of the metal plate 131 and the metal plate 141 closest to the modeling region forming unit 3 is faster than the case where the metal plate 131 and the metal plate 141 are stacked without a gap.
  • the heat capacity of the first side surface portion 13 and the second side surface portion 14 is larger than when only one metal plate is used, and the temperature of the radiation shield 10 is maintained at a high temperature for a longer time.
  • the temperature rise time and the temperature rise rate of the base 4 when the radiation shield 10 was not provided and when the radiation shield 10 was provided were measured.
  • the measurement is performed in a state where the pedestal 4 is embedded in the upper surface of the first powder layer 7 formed inside the modeling region forming unit 3 as in FIG. 5A and attached to the lower portion of the pedestal 4.
  • the temperature at the mounting position of the thermocouple was defined as the temperature of the base 4.
  • the time required to raise the temperature of the pedestal 4 to 850 ° C. is 1200 seconds (temperature increase rate: 0.69 ° C./second), whereas the radiation shield 10 is provided.
  • the radiation shield 10 is provided.
  • the maximum temperature difference when the radiation shield 10 is provided is 160 ° C., and the temperature unevenness is reduced by 90 ° C. This is considered to be because the effect of recovery and reuse of the heat radiation H2 by the radiation shield 10 is large at the end portion where the loss due to the heat radiation H2 is larger than that at the center, and the temperature unevenness is reduced.
  • the radiation shield 10 when raising the temperature of the pedestal 4 has been described here, the same applies to the case where the powder layer 7 is preheated. Since the radiation shield 10 covers the entire modeling region forming unit 3 on which the powder layer 7 is formed, the radiating base 2 and the modeling region forming unit 3 and the heat radiation H2 emitted upward from the surface of the powder layer 7 are generated. In addition to the recovery, the temperature of the recovered heat radiation H2 is raised to generate the heat radiation H2 to the powder layer 7, which contributes to preheating of the powder layer 7 and reduction of temperature unevenness. In particular, when the three-dimensional structure to be manufactured is large and the surface area of the modeling region forming part 3 and the powder layer 7 is large, the upward radiation of heat is also large, so the radiation shield 10 is considered to contribute greatly.
  • the radiation shield 10 Since the heat radiation of the modeling region forming unit 3 and the powder layer 7 is emitted in all directions and there is also heat radiation that leaks from the space between the radiation shield 10, the radiation shield 10 is formed as much as possible in the modeling region forming unit 3. It is preferable to arrange them close to each other. As described above, the height of the radiation shield 10 needs to be in a range in which the powder material supply unit does not hinder the movement of the 93.
  • the radiation shield 10 is replaced by a support member capable of adjusting the height instead of the support jig 91. You may make it the structure which supports.
  • the radiation shield 10 when forming the powder layer 7, the radiation shield 10 is arranged so as not to hinder the movement of the powder material supply unit 93, and in other cases, the radiation shield 10 is arranged as low as possible to form the modeling region forming unit. More heat radiation H2 can be recovered by approaching 3. Further, since the heat radiation H2 from the radiation shield 10 depends on the heat radiation property of the surface, the lower surface of the metal plate 131 and the metal plate 141, that is, the surface facing the modeling region forming portion 3 is subjected to alumite processing so that the radiation shield. The heat dissipation of 10 may be improved.
  • Embodiment 1 even when a large three-dimensional structure is manufactured, sufficient preheating of the powder material can be easily performed. More specifically, the pedestal heated by the preheating electron beam, the heat radiation emitted upward from the surface of the modeling region forming part heated by the heat transfer from the pedestal, by a radiation shield covering the entire modeling region forming part Even when there is a risk of increasing heat loss due to upward heat radiation, especially when manufacturing a large three-dimensional structure for recovery and reuse, the temperature drop of the powder layer due to heat radiation is suppressed. Sufficient preheating of the powder layer is facilitated.
  • the energy density of the preheating electron beam can be made smaller than before. More specifically, in the second and subsequent powder layers, in addition to the preheating electron beam irradiation, heat transfer from the pedestal, the first powder layer and the modeling region forming part surface, and heat from the radiation shield Since it is also preheated by radiation, the energy density of the preheating electron beam can be made smaller than before.
  • sufficient preheating of the powder layer can be performed more stably. More specifically, the heat radiation from the end portion where the loss due to heat radiation is larger is recovered by the radiation shield and reused to reduce the temperature unevenness between the center portion and the end portion. Preheating can be performed more stably. In particular, the larger the three-dimensional structure to be manufactured, the greater the temperature unevenness, and there is a risk that sufficient preheating will not be performed at the end, but sufficient preheating is more stable by reducing the temperature unevenness as described above. Can be done.
  • the time during which the radiation shield contributes to the preheating of the powder layer can be made longer. More specifically, the heat capacity of the first side surface portion and the second side surface portion is increased by overlapping the metal plates constituting the first side surface portion and the second side surface portion of the radiation shield in triplicate. Therefore, the high temperature state of the heated radiation shield can be maintained, and the time that contributes to the preheating of the powder layer by thermal radiation can be made longer.
  • the effect of suppressing the temperature drop of the powder layer by the radiation shield can be obtained earlier.
  • the metal plates constituting the first side surface portion and the second side surface portion of the radiation shield are overlapped with a space between each other, so that the metal plates are brought into contact with each other rather than the metal plates in contact with each other. Since the thermal resistance between the metal plate and the forming area forming part is increased, the temperature rise rate of the metal plate is faster, and the heat radiation from the radiation shield starts earlier, thereby suppressing the temperature drop of the powder layer. It can be obtained earlier.
  • the installation space for the radiation shield can be reduced. More specifically, by attaching the second side surface portion at an angle of 45 ° to the upper surface of the radiation shield, the radiation shield is shaped to expand downward, so that the modeling region forming portion Since the cross-sectional area in the direction parallel to the floor of the vacuum chamber is increased as it is closer, the lower part of the radiation shield is secured while ensuring the cross-sectional area necessary to cover the entire forming area forming part in the lower part, thereby reducing the radiation shield.
  • the installation space can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a radiation shield according to a modification of the first embodiment.
  • the radiation shield 101 is obtained by forming an opening 101 a corresponding to the hollow portion 10 a of the radiation shield 10 on a flat plate 121 that covers the entire modeling region forming portion 3.
  • the flat plate 121 collects heat radiation from the pedestal 4 and the like and raises the temperature. After the temperature rise, the flat plate 121 generates heat radiation downward to contribute to preheating of the powder layer 7. Since the radiation shield 101 does not have a side surface portion, heat radiation from the pedestal 4 and the like is likely to leak as compared with the radiation shield 10 of the first embodiment, but the configuration is very simple.
  • Embodiment 2 is demonstrated based on FIG.
  • the same or corresponding parts as those in FIGS. 1 to 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
  • the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the shape of the radiation shield.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an outline of the radiation shield according to the second embodiment.
  • the radiation shield 20 has rectangular frames 22A to 22C having different sizes arranged in parallel to each other, and the first side surface constituting members 23A to 23C and the second side surface constituting members 24A to 24C are screwed to the respective frames.
  • the first side surface portion 23 and the second side surface portion 24 are configured by being attached by 29 without a gap.
  • a hollow portion (not shown) is formed in the radiation shield 20 from the upper end to the lower end.
  • the smallest frame 22A among the frames 22A to 22C is disposed at the upper end portion of the radiation shield 20 and constitutes the upper surface 21 of the radiation shield 20.
  • a first side surface constituting member 23A and a second side surface constituting member 24A are attached to the frame 22A.
  • the first side surface constituting member 23 ⁇ / b> A extends downward from the upper surface 21 of the radiation shield 20, that is, in the direction of the modeling region forming unit 3, and is attached to the upper surface 21 at a right angle.
  • the second side surface component member 24 ⁇ / b> A extends downward from the upper surface 21 and is attached to the upper surface 21 at an angle of 30 °.
  • the intermediate size frame 22B is disposed below the frame 22A by the height of the first side surface component member 23A, and the first side surface component member 23B and the second side surface component member 24B are attached thereto.
  • the first side surface constituting member 23B is attached at a right angle to the frame 22B
  • the second side surface constituting member 24B is attached at an angle of 45 ° to the frame 22B.
  • the frame 22B is arranged in parallel to the frame 22A and is also parallel to the upper surface 21, the first side surface constituting member 23B is also perpendicular to the upper surface 21, and the second side surface constituting member 24B is The upper surface 21 also forms a 45 ° angle.
  • the largest frame 22C is disposed below the frame 22B by the height of the first side surface constituting member 23B, and the first side surface constituting member 23C and the second side surface constituting member 24C are attached thereto.
  • the first side surface constituting member 23C is attached at a right angle to the frame 22C
  • the second side surface constituting member 24C is attached at an angle of 60 ° to the frame 22C.
  • the frame 22C is arranged in parallel with the frame 22A and is also parallel to the upper surface 21, the first side surface constituting member 23C is also perpendicular to the upper surface 21, and the second side surface constituting member 24C is
  • the upper surface 21 also forms an angle of 60 °.
  • the angles formed by the second side surface constituting members 24A to 24C and the upper surface 21 are 30 °, 45 °, and 60 °, and gradually increase toward the bottom.
  • a bent portion is provided like the frame 12 of the first embodiment, and the upper surface of the bent portion is bent downward.
  • the second side surface constituting members 24A to 24C may be attached to each other.
  • the first side surface constituting members 23A to 23C and the second side surface constituting members 24A to 24C are constituted by three metal plates which are overlapped with each other with a spacing of 2 mm, as in the first embodiment. Yes.
  • the temperature raising time and the temperature raising rate of the base 4 when the radiation shield 20 was provided were measured in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
  • the time required to raise the temperature of the pedestal 4 to 850 ° C. is 610 seconds (temperature increase rate: 1.31 ° C./second), and the radiation shield 10 of the first embodiment is provided. It was confirmed that the time was further shortened by 30 seconds.
  • the maximum temperature difference was 75 ° C., and it was confirmed that the temperature unevenness was further reduced by 85 ° C. compared to the case where the radiation shield 10 was provided.
  • the angle formed between the second side surface component 24C closest to the modeling region forming portion 3 and the upper surface 21 of the radiation shield 20 is 60 °, and the second side surface portion 14 and the upper surface 11 of the radiation shield 10 This is considered to be because it is larger than 45 ° which is an angle formed by. That is, as the angle formed with the upper surface of the radiation shield is larger (closer to the right angle), the heat radiation H2 leaking to the side from the gap between the radiation shield 10 or the radiation shield 20 and the pedestal 4 decreases, and the heat radiation H2 from the pedestal 4 is reduced. It is thought that the rate of temperature increase was further increased because more collection and reuse were possible.
  • the temperature drop at the end is further reduced, and the temperature unevenness is also reduced. Conceivable.
  • the radiation shield 20 covers the modeling area formation part 3 whole in which the powder layer 7 is formed, it is thought that the same effect is acquired also when the powder layer 7 is preheated. Others are the same as those in the second embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
  • the temperature rise rate during preheating of the powder layer 7 can be further increased, and temperature unevenness can be further reduced. More specifically, the angle formed by the second side surface component member with respect to the upper surface of the radiation shield is increased stepwise to reduce heat radiation leaking between the modeling region forming portion and the radiation shield. Therefore, it is possible to collect and reuse more heat radiation particularly from the end, further increasing the rate of temperature rise and further reducing temperature unevenness.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an outline of the radiation shield according to the third embodiment.
  • the radiation shield 30 includes side surfaces 33 that form paraboloids as a whole by arranging frames 32A to 32C having different sizes in parallel to each other and attaching a plurality of side surface members 33A with screws 39 without gaps. Is.
  • a hollow portion (not shown) is formed in the radiation shield 30 from the upper end to the lower end.
  • the smallest frame 32A among the frames 32A to 32C is arranged at the upper end of the radiation shield 30 and constitutes the upper surface 31 of the radiation shield 30.
  • a side surface member 33A is attached to the frame 32A, and the side surface member 33A extends downward from the upper surface 31 of the radiation shield 30, that is, in the direction of the modeling region forming portion 3.
  • the intermediate-sized frame 32B is disposed below the frame 32A by the height of the side surface component 33A, and the side surface component 33B is attached thereto.
  • the largest frame 32C is disposed below the frame 32B by the height of the side surface component 33B, and the side surface component 33C is attached thereto.
  • Each of the side surface constituting members 33A to 33C is composed of three metal plates which are bent so as to form a parabolic surface as a whole of the side surface portion 33 and are overlapped with each other with an interval of 2 mm.
  • the side surface constituting members 33A to 33C are attached so that the lower surface of the side surface portion 33, that is, the surface facing the modeling region forming portion 3 forms a paraboloid. An acute angle is formed, and the angle is larger toward the lower side. For this reason, the angle between the upper surface 31 and the side surface component 33B is larger than that of the side surface member 33B, and the side surface member 33C is larger than the side surface member 33B.
  • Others are the same as those in the second embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
  • the radiation shield 40 is provided with an opening 40c facing the electron gun 2 at the upper end and an opening 40b facing the modeling region forming unit 3 at the lower end, and a hollow through which the electron beam EB1 passes.
  • the part 40a is formed inside from the upper end to the lower end.
  • the radiation shield 40 has a trapezoidal shape that becomes narrower as viewed from the side, that is, as it is farther from the modeling region forming unit 3, and as it extends upward, it is cut in a direction parallel to the floor surface 1 a. The area is getting smaller. Further, the height of the opening 40b at the lower end is the same as that of the opening 10b of the radiation shield 10, but the side surface of the radiation shield 40 extends above the radiation shield 10 and the height of the opening 40c at the upper end. Is higher than the opening 10 c at the upper end of the radiation shield 10.
  • the distance D2 between the opening 40c at the upper end and the ceiling surface 1b of the vacuum chamber 1 is considered to be an example where the distance D1 between the opening 40b at the lower end and the powder layer 7 is equal to or less. It is done.
  • the height of the opening on the modeling region forming unit side is kept low and provided on the side opposite to the modeling region forming unit.
  • the height of the opening was increased, and the cross-sectional area of the opening on the side opposite to the modeling region forming part was further reduced. For this reason, while maintaining the amount of heat radiation recovered from the modeling region, the recovered heat radiation is prevented from leaking from the opening on the side opposite to the modeling region forming part, and the powder layer is preheated more efficiently. It can be carried out.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the radiation shield 50 is provided with an opening 50c facing the electron gun 2 at the upper end and an opening 50b facing the modeling region forming unit 3 at the lower end, and a hollow through which the electron beam EB1 passes.
  • the part 50a is formed inside from the upper end to the lower end.
  • the radiation shield 50 has a trapezoidal shape that becomes narrower as viewed from the upper side, that is, as it is farther from the modeling region forming unit 3, and as it extends upward, it is cut in a direction parallel to the floor surface 1 a. The area is getting smaller. Further, the side surface of the radiation shield 50 extends upward from the radiation shield 10, the upper end opening 50 c comes into contact with the ceiling surface 1 b of the vacuum chamber 1, and the gap between the opening 50 c and the ceiling surface 1 b is closed. Yes. Others are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
  • the opening provided on the side opposite to the modeling area forming part is brought into contact with the ceiling surface of the vacuum chamber, and the gap between the opening provided on the side opposite to the modeling area forming part and the ceiling surface is closed. Therefore, while maintaining the amount of heat radiation recovered from the modeling area, the recovered heat radiation is more reliably suppressed from leaking from the opening on the side opposite to the modeling area, and the powder layer is preheated more efficiently. It can be carried out.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de fabrication en trois dimensions qui peut facilement réaliser un préchauffage suffisant d'un matériau en poudre même lors de la fabrication de grands objets tridimensionnels. Le dispositif de fabrication tridimensionnelle (100) comprend : un canon à électrons (2) qui expose le matériau en poudre à un faisceau d'électrons EB1 ; une unité de formation de région de fabrication (3) qui est disposée sur la surface inférieure (1a) d'une chambre à vide (1) et, le matériau en poudre étant étalé et une couche de poudre (7) étant formée ; un socle (4) qui est intégré dans la couche de poudre (7) dans un état de température augmentée et qui préchauffe le matériau en poudre par migration thermique ; et une plaque de blindage (10) qui recouvre l'unité de formation de région de fabrication (3) et qui est chauffée par un rayonnement thermique provenant du socle (4). Le matériau en poudre est préchauffé par migration thermique provenant de l'unité de formation de région de fabrication (3) et par la chaleur rayonnée provenant de la plaque de blindage chauffée (10).
PCT/JP2018/008939 2017-04-19 2018-03-08 Dispositif de fabrication tridimensionnelle WO2018193744A1 (fr)

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JP2017-082539 2017-04-19

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CN110014652A (zh) * 2019-05-14 2019-07-16 哈尔滨福沃德多维智能装备有限公司 一种封闭腔体内粉末均匀高温预热结构及方法
CN115135485A (zh) * 2020-04-17 2022-09-30 弗里曼特有限公司 粉末床的预热
JP7457613B2 (ja) 2020-09-14 2024-03-28 日本電子株式会社 三次元積層造形装置および三次元積層造形方法
JP7476042B2 (ja) 2020-09-07 2024-04-30 日本電子株式会社 三次元積層造形装置

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CN114346264B (zh) * 2022-03-18 2022-06-10 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 一种电子束增材制造设备和方法

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US20020090313A1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2002-07-11 Wang Xinhua Method and apparatus for creating a free-form three-dimensional metal part using high-temperature direct laser melting
JP2016534902A (ja) * 2013-08-23 2016-11-10 エフイーテー アーゲー 三次元物体を製造するための装置
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CN110014652A (zh) * 2019-05-14 2019-07-16 哈尔滨福沃德多维智能装备有限公司 一种封闭腔体内粉末均匀高温预热结构及方法
CN110014652B (zh) * 2019-05-14 2024-06-04 哈尔滨福沃德多维智能装备有限公司 一种封闭腔体内粉末均匀高温预热结构及方法
CN115135485A (zh) * 2020-04-17 2022-09-30 弗里曼特有限公司 粉末床的预热
EP4135969A4 (fr) * 2020-04-17 2024-01-03 Freemelt Ab Préchauffage de lit de poudre
CN115135485B (zh) * 2020-04-17 2024-05-31 弗里曼特有限公司 粉末床的预热
JP7476042B2 (ja) 2020-09-07 2024-04-30 日本電子株式会社 三次元積層造形装置
JP7457613B2 (ja) 2020-09-14 2024-03-28 日本電子株式会社 三次元積層造形装置および三次元積層造形方法

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