WO2018180465A1 - 有機電界発光素子用材料及び有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子用材料及び有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018180465A1 WO2018180465A1 PCT/JP2018/009727 JP2018009727W WO2018180465A1 WO 2018180465 A1 WO2018180465 A1 WO 2018180465A1 JP 2018009727 W JP2018009727 W JP 2018009727W WO 2018180465 A1 WO2018180465 A1 WO 2018180465A1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
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- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
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- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/12—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising dopants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element material, an organic electroluminescent element film, and an organic electroluminescent element (hereinafter referred to as an organic EL element). Specifically, a compound having a conformation number within a specific range is used. The present invention relates to an organic EL element material.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an organic EL element using a TTF (Triplet-Triplet Fusion) mechanism, which is one of delayed fluorescence mechanisms.
- TTF Triplet-Triplet Fusion
- the TTF mechanism uses the phenomenon that singlet excitons are generated by collision of two triplet excitons, and it is theoretically thought that the internal quantum efficiency can be increased to 40%.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an organic EL element using a TADF (Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence) mechanism.
- the TADF mechanism utilizes the phenomenon that reverse intersystem crossing from triplet excitons to singlet excitons occurs in materials where the energy difference between singlet and triplet levels is small. It is thought to be raised to 100%. However, there is a demand for further improvement in the life characteristics as in the phosphorescent light emitting device.
- Patent Document 3 discloses the use of an indolocarbazole compound as a host material.
- Patent Document 4 discloses the use of a biscarbazole compound as a host material.
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 disclose the use of a biscarbazole compound as a mixed host.
- Patent Documents 7 and 8 disclose the use of an indolocarbazole compound and a biscarbazole compound as a mixed host.
- Patent Document 9 discloses the use of a host material in which a plurality of hosts containing an indolocarbazole compound are premixed. However, none of them are sufficient, and further improvements are desired. In addition, there is no teaching that a compound having a conformational number within a specific range is used as a material for an organic electroluminescence device. In addition, none of them teach materials for organic electroluminescent elements that can be produced by an application process.
- An object of this invention is to provide the practically useful organic EL element which has high efficiency and high drive stability in view of the said present condition, and a compound suitable for it.
- the present invention has a skeleton structure represented by the general formula (1), in which an aromatic ring selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocycle is connected, and the molecular weight of the skeleton structure excluding the substituent is 500.
- It is a compound for organic electroluminescent elements, characterized in that it has a structure of not more than 1500 and having a conformation number of 9 to 200,000 generated by conformational search calculation of the skeleton structure.
- Ar 0 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, or an aromatic ring thereof.
- HetAr represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- z represents an integer of 2 to 5.
- the organic electroluminescent element compound is represented by the general formula (2), and the number of conformations generated by conformational search calculation is greater than 8 ⁇ 2 x and less than or equal to 8 ⁇ 4 x + 1 (here And x is an integer obtained by subtracting 3 from the total number y of Ar 1 to Ar 11 .
- ring A represents an aromatic ring represented by the formula (A2) condensed at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- Ring B represents a heterocycle represented by the formula (B2) which is fused at any position of two adjacent rings.
- R 1 to R 3 are each independently a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, Dialkylamino group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, diarylamino group having 12 to 44 carbon atoms, diaralkylamino group having 14 to 76 carbon atoms, acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, acyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, carbon An alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or L 3 .
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group represented by the above formula (C2), and Ar 1 to Ar 11 are each independently an aromatic having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the substituent is a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or 2 to 40 carbon atoms.
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 , Ar 5 , Ar 7 and Ar 9 are divalent groups
- Ar 6 is an n + 1 valent group
- Ar 8 is an m + 1 valent group
- Ar 10 is a k + 1 monovalent group
- Ar 11 is a monovalent group.
- At least one of L 1, L 2, L 3 is the total number of Ar 1 ⁇ Ar 11 is 2 or more, the total number y of Ar 1 ⁇ Ar 11 in L 1, L 2 and L 3 is 3 or more.
- a, b, and c represent the number of substitutions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- d, e, f, g, h, i, and j represent the number of repetitions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- k, m, and n represent the number of substitutions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- a preferred embodiment of general formula (2) is general formula (3).
- Ring D represents an aromatic ring represented by Formula (D3) that is condensed at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- Ring E represents a heterocyclic ring represented by the formula (E3) that is condensed at any position of two adjacent rings.
- L 1 and L 2 are the same as in the general formula (2), but Ar 6 in at least one of L 1 and L 2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring group having 10 to 17 carbon atoms.
- Ar 6 in at least one of L 1 and L 2 in the general formula (2) or (3) may be a group represented by the following formula (C3) or formula (C4).
- V and W each independently represent a single bond, —C—, —CR, C (R) 2 , NR, N—, O, or S.
- Each R is independently a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or 2 to 2 carbon atoms.
- dialkylamino groups C12-44 diarylamino groups, C14-76 diaralkylamino groups, C2-20 acyl groups, C2-20 acyloxy groups, C1-20 An alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- X represents NR, N-, O, or S.
- R is in agreement with formula (C3).
- L 1 and L 2 in the general formula (2) or (3) and preferred compounds for organic electroluminescence devices are shown below.
- At least one of L 1 and L 2 has at least one partial structure represented by formula (5), and has a structure in which the number of conformations generated by conformational search calculation is 50 to 200,000. Having 4) Conformation generated by conformational search calculation with either L 1 or L 2 having the partial structure represented by formula (5) and the other having the partial structure represented by formula (6) Having a structure of 200 to 200,000, 5) At least one of L 1 and L 2 has a partial structure represented by formula (7), and has a structure in which the number of conformations generated by conformational search calculation is 200 to 200,000.
- the present invention is a material for an organic electroluminescence device comprising at least one of the above compounds for organic electroluminescence device.
- the present invention further relates to a material for an organic electroluminescent device comprising at least one compound selected from the above-mentioned compounds for organic electroluminescent devices and at least one compound selected from indolocarbazole compounds having a nitrogen-containing aromatic six-membered ring structure. is there.
- Examples of the indolocarbazole compound having a nitrogen-containing aromatic 6-membered ring structure include a compound represented by the general formula (8).
- ring F represents an aromatic ring represented by the formula (F8) which is condensed at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- Ring G represents a heterocyclic ring represented by the formula (G8) that is fused at any position of two adjacent rings.
- One Ar in formula (8) and formula (G8) is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, Or a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which these aromatic rings are linked by 2 to 10 and the other Ar is a nitrogen-containing aromatic 6-membered ring structure-containing group represented by the formula (9) .
- Y is represented by N, CH, or CAr ′, and at least one is N.
- Ar ′ is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, or 2 to 10 of these aromatic rings.
- a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group formed by linking is shown.
- Ar ′ is an aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by the formula (10), or It is good that it is a connection aromatic group.
- p represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- the present invention is an organic electroluminescent element including an organic layer made of the above-mentioned organic electroluminescent element material.
- the present invention is a composition for an organic electroluminescence device obtained by dissolving or dispersing the material for an organic electroluminescence device in a solvent. Furthermore, this invention is an organic electroluminescent element containing the organic layer which consists of a coating film of the said composition for organic electroluminescent elements.
- the organic layer examples include at least one layer selected from a light emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a hole blocking layer, and an electron blocking layer. It is preferable that The light emitting layer can contain a light emitting dopant material.
- the compound for an organic electroluminescence device of the present invention has a structure in which a plurality of aromatic rings including an aromatic heterocycle are connected, and can take various three-dimensional conformations, so that there are few conformations.
- a film having low crystallinity and high amorphous stability can be formed as compared with a material having a structure.
- the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is a compound having an indolocarbazole skeleton
- the material for organic electroluminescence device has high stability in the active state of oxidation, reduction and exciton and has high heat resistance
- an organic electroluminescent element using an organic thin film formed therefrom exhibits high luminous efficiency and driving stability.
- the organic electroluminescent element material of the present invention is a mixture containing the organic electroluminescent element compound of the present invention
- the mixture is used for the same organic electroluminescent element layer, so that holes and electrons in the layer can be used.
- the carrier balance can be adjusted, and a higher performance organic EL element can be realized.
- a film having high amorphous stability can be formed by the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, the number of conformations of the compound to be mixed may be small.
- the organic electroluminescent element material of the present invention can have various three-dimensional structures as described above, packing between molecules is weak and solubility in an organic solvent is high. This material is therefore adaptable to the application process.
- the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is represented by the general formula (1). And, having a skeletal structure in which an aromatic ring selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring is connected, the molecular weight of the skeletal structure excluding a substituent substituted on the aromatic ring is 500 or more and 1500 or less, The number of conformations generated by conformational search calculation of this skeletal structure is 9 to 200,000. Within this range, it is possible to achieve both the amorphous stability, the charge transport property and the light emitting property, and an excellent organic electroluminescent device is obtained.
- the compound for an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention has a skeletal structure in which an aromatic ring of an aromatic group selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic heterocyclic group is connected by a direct bond, such as an alkyl group.
- a direct bond such as an alkyl group.
- the skeleton structure may be linear or branched. Note that a substituent such as aralkyl is included in the substituent because the aromatic ring is not directly connected by a bond.
- the molecular weight of the skeleton structure is 500 to 1500, but if the molecular weight is too low, the amorphous stability of the material may be lowered. If the molecular weight is too high, the heating temperature required for vapor deposition film formation is low. Rises and increases the possibility of material degradation. Therefore, the molecular weight range is 500 to 1500, preferably 600 to 1300, more preferably 700 to 1100.
- the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention has a structure in which the number of conformations generated by conformational search calculation is 9 to 200000. If the number of conformations is too small, the amorphous stability of the material may be reduced. In addition, when the number of conformations is too large, the volume fraction of the structure related to charge transport and light emission decreases, so that charge transport characteristics and light emission characteristics deteriorate, and an excellent organic electroluminescence device cannot be obtained. Therefore, the range of the number of conformations is 9 to 200000, preferably 50 to 150,000, and more preferably 200 to 50000.
- the conformation indicates a local stable structure that can be taken by the bond rotation and bond direction of the molecule, and the multiple conformations generated by the conformational search calculation are in a conformational relationship with each other. is there.
- Conformational search can be easily calculated by executing a molecular force field calculation using software such as CONFLEX (manufactured by Conflex) or MacroModel (manufactured by Schrodinger). it can. Preferred specific calculation methods are described in the examples.
- CONFLEX manufactured by Conflex
- MacroModel manufactured by Schrodinger
- Ar 0 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, or these Represents a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group formed by connecting 2 to 10 aromatic rings.
- the linked aromatic group is a group having a structure in which the aromatic rings of the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic heterocyclic group are connected by a direct bond, and the aromatic rings constituting the same may be the same. These may be different, may be linear or branched, and may have a substituent.
- Ar 0 examples include benzene, pentalene, indene, naphthalene, azulene, heptalene, octalene, indacene, acenaphthylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, tridene, fluoranthene, acephenanthrylene, acanthrylene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene.
- HetAr represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples thereof include furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, xanthene, oxatolene, dibenzofuran, perixanthenoxanthene, thiophene, thioxanthene, thianthrene, phenoxathiin, thionaphthene, isothianaphthene, thiophene, thiophanthrene, dibenzothiophene, Pyrrole, pyrazole, tellurazole, selenazole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, furazane, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, indolizine, indole, isoindole, indazole, purine, quinolidine, is
- Preferred is a group formed by removing hydrogen from pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, carbazole, indole, indoloindole, indolocarbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline or naphthyridine. Since HetAr is a z-valent group, z hydrogen is removed.
- z represents an integer of 2 to 5, and is more preferably an integer of 2 to 4 from the viewpoint of amorphous stability and charge transport characteristics.
- Preferred examples of the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention include compounds represented by the above general formula (2) or general formula (3).
- ring A represents an aromatic ring represented by formula (A2) that is condensed at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- Ring B represents a pyrrolidine ring represented by the formula (B2) fused at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- L 3 is independently represented by the formula (C2).
- Ar 1 to Ar 11 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, and these aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group Each independently may have a substituent, and in the case of having a substituent, the substituent is a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 , Ar 5 , Ar 7 and Ar 9 are divalent groups
- Ar 6 is an n + 1 valent group
- Ar 8 is an m + 1 valent group
- Ar 10 is a k + 1 monovalent group
- Ar 11 is a monovalent group.
- At least one of L 1 , L 2 and L 3 has a total number of Ar 1 to Ar 11 of 2 or more.
- the total number y of Ar 1 to Ar 11 in L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 is 3 or more.
- d, e, f, g, h, i, j represent the number of repetitions, and each independently represents an integer of 0-5, preferably an integer of 0-4, more preferably an integer of 0-3.
- k, m, and n represent the number of substitutions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5, preferably an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably an integer of 0 to 2.
- the total number of Ar1 to Ar11 can be easily calculated from the numbers d to k and m to n in the formula (C2).
- R 1 to R 3 are each independently a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, Dialkylamino group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, diarylamino group having 12 to 44 carbon atoms, diaralkylamino group having 14 to 76 carbon atoms, acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, acyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, carbon It represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or the above L 3 .
- a, b, and c represent the number of substitutions, and each independently represents an integer
- the number of conformations generated by conformational search calculation is preferably greater than 8 ⁇ 2 x and less than or equal to 8 ⁇ 4 x + 1. Is greater than 8 ⁇ 2 x + 1 and less than or equal to 8 ⁇ 4 x + 1 , and more preferably greater than 8 ⁇ 2 x + 1 and less than or equal to 4 ⁇ 8 x .
- x is an integer obtained by subtracting 3 from the total number y of Ar 1 to Ar 11 , and x is preferably 1 to 7, and more preferably 2 to 5.
- the total number y of the Ar 1 ⁇ Ar 11 is understood to be the sum of the total number of Ar 1 ⁇ Ar 11 for L 1, L 2, and L 3.
- Ar 1 to Ar 11 represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include benzene and pentalene. , Indene, naphthalene, azulene, heptalene, octalene, indacene, acenaphthylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, triindene, fluoranthene, acephenanthrylene, acanthrylene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, tetraphene, tetracene, preaden, picene, Perylene, pentaphen, pentacene, tetraphenylene, cholanthrylene, helicene, hexaphene, rubicene, coronene, trinaphthylene, heptaphene, pyrant
- Ring D represents an aromatic ring represented by Formula (D3) that is condensed at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- Ring E represents a pyrrolidine ring represented by the formula (E3) fused at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- L 1 and L 2 are the same as those in the general formula (2), but Ar 6 in one of them represents an n + 1-valent substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring group having 10 to 17 carbon atoms.
- Ar 6 in L 1 and L 2 in the general formula (3) is preferably represented by the above formula (C3).
- V and W each independently represent a single bond, —C—, —CR, C (R) 2 , NR, N—, O, or S, and preferably one of V and W is single.
- a bond and the other is N-, O, or S.
- each R is independently a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 38 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or a carbon number Dialkylamino group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, diarylamino group having 12 to 44 carbon atoms, diaralkylamino group having 14 to 76 carbon atoms, acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, acyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, carbon number 1 Represents an alkoxy group having 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2-20 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2-20 carbon atoms, or an alkylsulfonyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms.
- At least one of L 1 and L 2 in the general formula (2) or the general formula (3) has at least one partial structure represented by the above formula (4). More preferably, it is represented by the above formula (5) and the partial structure is represented by the above formula (7).
- the partial structure may be at the terminal, in the middle or at the tip, and when it is at the terminal, one bond is bonded to hydrogen.
- one of L 1 and L 2 may have a partial structure represented by the above formula (5), and the other one may have a partial structure represented by the above formula (6).
- Examples of the compound for organic electroluminescence device represented by the general formula (2) are shown below, but are not limited to these exemplified compounds.
- the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be used alone as a material for organic electroluminescence device, but it can be used by using a plurality of compounds for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention or mixed with other compounds. By using it as a material for an electroluminescence device, the function can be further improved or the insufficient characteristics can be compensated.
- a preferred compound that can be used by mixing with the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is an indolocarbazole compound having a nitrogen-containing aromatic six-membered ring structure. Examples of the indolocarbazole compound having a nitrogen-containing aromatic 6-membered ring structure include compounds having 1 to 2 indolocarbazole rings.
- the organic of the present invention is also a compound for electroluminescent elements.
- the indolocarbazole compound having a nitrogen-containing aromatic 6-membered ring structure includes a compound represented by the above general formula (8).
- the ring F represents an aromatic ring represented by the formula (F8) condensed at an arbitrary position of two adjacent rings.
- Ring G represents a heterocyclic ring represented by the formula (G8) that is fused at any position of two adjacent rings.
- One Ar in formula (8) and formula (G8) is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, Or a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group in which these aromatic rings are linked by 2 to 10 and the other Ar is a nitrogen-containing aromatic 6-membered ring structure-containing group represented by the formula (9) .
- Ar is the above aromatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or linked aromatic group
- specific examples thereof include benzene, pentalene, indene, naphthalene, azulene, heptalene, octalene, indacene, acenaphthylene, phenalene, Phenanthrene, anthracene, tridene, fluoranthene, acephenanthrylene, aceanthrylene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, tetraphen, tetracene, preaden, picene, perylene, pentaphen, pentacene, tetraphenylene, coranthrylene, helicene, hexaphene, rubicene, Coronene, trinaphthylene, heptaphene, pyranthrene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, xanthene,
- Ar is a nitrogen-containing aromatic six-membered ring structure-containing group represented by the formula (9), Y is represented by N, CH, or CAr ′, and at least one is N.
- Ar ′ is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, or 2 to 10 of these aromatic rings.
- substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group examples include benzene, pentalene, indene, naphthalene, azulene, heptalene, octalene, indacene, acenaphthylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, tridene, fluoranthene.
- the resulting group is mentioned.
- the organic electroluminescent device compound or material of the present invention is an organic layer such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a hole blocking layer or an electron blocking layer constituting the organic electroluminescent device.
- a hole transport layer an electron blocking layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, or a hole blocking layer material
- an electron blocking layer, a light emitting layer, or a positive layer More preferably, it is used as a hole blocking layer material.
- the organic layer may be formed by vapor deposition from a vapor deposition source alone, or by vapor deposition from a different vapor deposition source simultaneously with other compounds. Layers can also be formed. Further, it is also possible to premix with other compounds before vapor deposition to form a premix and to deposit the premix simultaneously from one vapor deposition source to form an organic layer. In this case, it is preferable that the compound used for premixing and the compound for organic electroluminescent elements of the present invention have a temperature difference of 30 ° C. or less at a desired vapor pressure.
- the organic electroluminescent material can also be applied to various coating processes such as spin coating, bar coating, spraying, ink jet, and printing.
- a solution also referred to as a composition for an organic electroluminescence device
- the solvent is volatilized by heating and drying.
- An organic layer can be formed.
- the solvent used may be one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds.
- the solution may contain an azine compound, a luminescent dopant material such as phosphorescence, fluorescence, delayed fluorescence, and the like as a compound other than the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of a general organic electroluminescence device used in the present invention.
- 1 is a substrate
- 2 is an anode
- 3 is a hole injection layer
- 4 is a hole transport layer
- 5 is light emission.
- Layer, 6 represents an electron transport layer
- 7 represents a cathode.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have an exciton blocking layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, or may have an electron blocking layer between the light emitting layer and the hole injection layer.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the anode side or the cathode side of the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention has an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode as essential layers, but it is preferable to have a hole injecting and transporting layer and an electron injecting and transporting layer in addition to the essential layers. It is preferable to have a hole blocking layer between the injection transport layers.
- the hole injection / transport layer means either or both of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer
- the electron injection / transport layer means either or both of an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer.
- the structure opposite to that shown in FIG. 1, that is, the cathode 7, the electron transport layer 6, the light emitting layer 5, the hole transport layer 4 and the anode 2 can be laminated in this order on the substrate 1. Addition and omission are possible.
- the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and any substrate that has been conventionally used for an organic electroluminescence device can be used.
- a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz, or the like can be used.
- anode material in the organic electroluminescence device a material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) that can form a transparent conductive film may be used.
- these electrode materials may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or the pattern accuracy is not required (about 100 ⁇ m or more). May form a pattern through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material. Or when using the substance which can be apply
- the transmittance be greater than 10%
- the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the cathode material a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less) (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof is used.
- an electron injecting metal a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less)
- an alloy a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less)
- an alloy referred to as an electron injecting metal
- an alloy an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof
- Specific examples of such electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function value than this such as a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium, from the viewpoint of electron injectability and durability against oxidation, etc.
- a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium from the viewpoint of electron injectability and durability against oxidation, etc.
- Aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these cathode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance of the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the emission luminance is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or translucent cathode can be produced by forming the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode on the cathode.
- an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
- the light emitting layer is a layer that emits light after excitons are generated by recombination of holes and electrons injected from each of the anode and the cathode, and the light emitting layer includes a light emitting dopant material and a host material.
- the organic electroluminescent element material of the present invention is suitably used as a host material in the light emitting layer. Furthermore, one or a plurality of known host materials may be used in combination, but the amount used is 50 wt% or less, preferably 25 wt% or less, based on the total of the host materials.
- the organic electroluminescent element material can be deposited from a vapor deposition source or dissolved in a solvent to form a solution, and then applied onto the hole injection transport layer and dried to form a light emitting layer.
- organic electroluminescent element material When an organic electroluminescent element material is deposited to form an organic layer, other host materials and dopants may be deposited from different deposition sources together with the material of the present invention, or premixed before the deposition. By using a mixture, a plurality of host materials and dopants can be deposited simultaneously from one deposition source.
- the material used for the hole injecting and transporting layer as the base has low solubility in the solvent used in the light emitting layer solution.
- any of a fluorescent light-emitting dopant, a phosphorescent light-emitting dopant, and a delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant may be used, but a phosphorescent light-emitting dopant and a delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant are preferable in terms of light emission efficiency. Further, only one kind of these luminescent dopants may be contained, or two or more kinds of dopants may be contained.
- the phosphorescent dopant preferably contains an organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold.
- organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold.
- iridium complexes described in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123,4304 and JP-T-2013-53051 are preferably used, but are not limited thereto.
- the content of the phosphorescent dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 30 wt%, more preferably 1 to 20 wt% with respect to the host material.
- the phosphorescent dopant material is not particularly limited, and specific examples include the following.
- the fluorescent dopant is not particularly limited.
- benzoxazole derivatives benzothiazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, styrylbenzene derivatives, polyphenyl derivatives, diphenylbutadiene derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, naphthalimide Derivatives, coumarin derivatives, condensed aromatic compounds, perinone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, oxazine derivatives, aldazine derivatives, pyralidine derivatives, cyclopentadiene derivatives, bisstyrylanthracene derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, pyrrolopyridine derivatives, thiadiazopyridine derivatives, styryl Amine derivatives, diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives, aromatic dimethylidine compounds, metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives and pyromethenes Conductor of metal
- Preferred examples include condensed aromatic derivatives, styryl derivatives, diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives, oxazine derivatives, pyromethene metal complexes, transition metal complexes, or lanthanoid complexes, more preferably naphthalene, pyrene, chrysene, triphenylene, benzo [c] phenanthrene.
- the content of the fluorescent light-emitting dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 20%, more preferably 1 to 10% with respect to the host material.
- the thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission dopant is not particularly limited, but a metal complex such as a tin complex or a copper complex, an indolocarbazole derivative described in WO2011 / 070963, Examples include cyanobenzene derivatives, carbazole derivatives described in Nature 2012, 492, 234, phenazine derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, sulfone derivatives, phenoxazine derivatives, acridine derivatives, and the like described in Nature Photonics, 2014, 8, 326.
- the content of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 90%, more preferably 1 to 50% with respect to the host material.
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the luminance of light emission, and includes a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer, And between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons and has a remarkably small ability to transport holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved by preventing the above.
- the hole blocking layer preferably contains the material of the present invention, but a known hole blocking layer material can also be used.
- the electron blocking layer has the function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense. By blocking electrons while transporting holes, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved. .
- the material for the electron blocking layer a known electron blocking layer material can be used, and the material for the hole transport layer described later can be used as necessary.
- the thickness of the electron blocking layer is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for preventing excitons generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the charge transport layer. It becomes possible to efficiently confine in the light emitting layer, and the light emission efficiency of the device can be improved.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted between two adjacent light emitting layers in an element in which two or more light emitting layers are adjacent.
- a known exciton blocking layer material can be used as the material for the exciton blocking layer.
- Examples thereof include 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene (mCP) and bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolatoaluminum (III) (BAlq).
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- any known compound can be selected and used.
- Examples of such hole transport materials include porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives.
- Porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, and styryl It is preferable to use an amine derivative, and it is more preferable to use an arylamine compound.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- an electron transport material (which may also serve as a hole blocking material), it is sufficient if it has a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- any known compound can be selected and used.
- polycyclic aromatic derivatives such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthroline, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) Derivatives, phosphine oxide derivatives, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, benzimidazoles Derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives and the like.
- Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 Compounds 021, 142, 141, 023, 150, 149, 019, 138, 137, 052, 175, 174, 040, 217, 162 exemplified as compounds for organic electroluminescent elements, and compounds 901 to 905 for comparison
- a conformational search calculation was performed. Conformational search calculation is performed by inputting the atomic coordinates and bonding mode of the structure to be calculated into calculation software called CONFLEX (manufactured by CONFLEX), setting the conformational search range from the local stable structure to 20 kcal / mol, Calculation was performed by a dynamic method (force field: MMFF94s). Table 1 shows the calculation result of the conformation generated by the conformation search calculation. Note that any of the above compounds has a structure in which aromatic rings are linked and does not have a non-aromatic substituent, so that the compound itself has a skeleton structure that does not contain a substituent.
- the compound numbers correspond to the numbers given to the above exemplified compounds and the numbers given to the following compounds for comparison.
- Example 16 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- compound 021 as a host and Ir (ppy) 3 as a light emitting dopant were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt%.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- aluminum (Al) was formed as a cathode to a thickness of 70 nm on the electron injection layer, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 16 the same procedure as in Example 16 was performed except that any of compounds 142, 141, 023, 150, 149, 019, 138, 137, 052, 175, 174, 040, 217 or 162 was used as the host. An organic EL device was produced.
- Example 16 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 16 except that any one of the compounds 901, 902, 903, 904, or 905 was used as the host.
- Table 2 shows the luminance, drive voltage, and life characteristics of the organic EL devices produced in Examples 16 to 30 and Comparative Examples 6 to 10.
- voltage and brightness are values at a drive current of 20 mA / cm 2 , which are initial characteristics.
- LT70 is the time required for the luminance to decay to 70% of the initial luminance at the initial luminance of 9000 cd / m 2 , and is a life characteristic. Each characteristic is expressed as a relative value with the characteristic of Comparative Example 6 as 100%.
- Example 31 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- Compound 021 as the first host, Compound 409 as the second host, and Ir (ppy) 3 as the light emitting dopant were co-evaporated from different vapor deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt% and the weight ratio of the first host to the second host was 60:40.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- aluminum (Al) was formed as a cathode to a thickness of 70 nm on the electron injection layer, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Examples 32 to 50, Comparative Examples 11 to 14 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 31 except that the combination of the first host and the second host in Example 31 was changed to the combination shown in Table 3.
- Table 3 shows the luminance, drive voltage, and life characteristics of the organic EL devices produced in Examples 31 to 50 and Comparative Examples 11 to 14.
- voltage and luminance are values at a drive current of 20 mA / cm 2 , which are initial characteristics.
- LT90 is the time required for the luminance to decay to 90% of the initial luminance at the initial luminance of 9000 cd / m 2 , and is a lifetime characteristic.
- Each characteristic is expressed as a relative value with the characteristic of Comparative Example 11 as 100%.
- Example 51 Solvent-cleaned, UV ozone-treated glass substrate with ITO having a film thickness of 150 nm, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT / PSS) as a hole injection layer: (HCC Stark) Co., Ltd., trade name: Clevios PCH8000) was formed to a film thickness of 25 nm.
- PEDOT / PSS polystyrene sulfonic acid
- the solvent was removed with a hot plate at 150 ° C.
- thermosetting film is a film having a crosslinked structure and is insoluble in a solvent.
- This thermosetting film is a hole transport layer (HTL).
- HTL hole transport layer
- Alq 3 was formed to a thickness of 35 nm
- LiF / Al was formed to a thickness of 170 nm as a cathode
- this element was sealed in a glove box to produce an organic electroluminescent element.
- Example 43 an organic electroluminescence device was produced in the same manner as in Example 51 except that the combinations of the first host and the second host were as shown in Table 4.
- Table 4 shows the luminance, driving voltage, and life characteristics of the produced organic EL element.
- voltage and luminance are values at a driving current of 20 mA / cm 2 , which are initial characteristics.
- LT90 is the time required for the luminance to decay to 90% of the initial luminance at the initial luminance of 9000 cd / m 2 , and is a life characteristic. Each characteristic is expressed as a relative value with the characteristic of Comparative Example 15 as 100%.
- Example 63 Solvent-cleaned, UV ozone-treated glass substrate with ITO having a film thickness of 150 nm, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT / PSS) as a hole injection layer: (HCC Stark) Co., Ltd., trade name: Clevios PCH8000) was formed to a film thickness of 25 nm.
- thermosetting film is a film having a crosslinked structure and is insoluble in a solvent.
- This thermosetting film is a hole transport layer (HTL).
- compound 021 is used as the first host
- compound 800 is used as the second host
- Ir (ppy) 3 is used as the light emitting dopant
- the weight ratio of the first host to the second host is 60:40
- the weight ratio of the host: dopant is A toluene solution (1.0 wt%) of 95: 5 was prepared, and a light emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm was formed by spin coating.
- Alq 3 was formed to a thickness of 35 nm
- LiF / Al was formed to a thickness of 170 nm as a cathode
- this element was sealed in a glove box to produce an organic electroluminescent element.
- Examples 64-74, Comparative Examples 19-22 An organic electroluminescent element was produced in the same manner as in Example 64 except that the combination of the first host and the second host was changed as shown in Table 5 in Example 63.
- Table 5 shows the luminance, driving voltage, and life characteristics of the produced organic EL element.
- voltage and luminance are values at a driving current of 20 mA / cm 2 , which are initial characteristics.
- LT90 is the time required for the luminance to decay to 90% of the initial luminance at the initial luminance of 9000 cd / m 2 , and is a life characteristic. Each characteristic is expressed as a relative value with the characteristic of Comparative Example 19 as 100%.
- the organic electroluminescence device using the compound for organic electroluminescence device of the present invention exhibits high luminous efficiency and driving stability.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、燐光発光型の有機EL素子に関しては、長寿命化が技術的な課題となっている。
一方で特許文献2では、TADF(Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence)機構を利用した有機EL素子が開示されている。TADF機構は一重項準位と三重項準位のエネルギー差が小さい材料において三重項励起子から一重項励起子への逆項間交差が生じる現象を利用するものであり、理論上内部量子効率を100%まで高められると考えられている。しかしながら燐光発光型素子と同様に寿命特性の更なる改善が求められている。
しかしながら、いずれも十分なものとは言えず、更なる改良が望まれている。また、特定の範囲の立体配座数を持つ化合物を、有機電界発光素子用材料とすることを教えるものはない。加えて、いずれも塗布プロセスでの有機電界発光素子作製が可能な有機電界発光素子用材料を教えるものはない。
ここで、Ar0は独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~24の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~10連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示す。HetArは、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~24の芳香族複素環基を示す。zは2~5の整数を示す。
R1~R3は、それぞれ独立に、シアノ基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数7~38のアラルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数12~44のジアリールアミノ基、炭素数14~76のジアラルキルアミノ基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、炭素数2~20のアシルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基、又はL3を示す。
L1、L2、L3のうち少なくとも1つはAr1~Ar11の総数は2以上であり、L1、L2及びL3におけるAr1~Ar11の総数yは3以上である。
a、b、cは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~2の整数を示す。d、e、f、g、h、i、jは繰り返し数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示す。k、m、nは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示す。)
1) L1、L2の少なくとも一方中のd、e、f、gが何れも0であること、
2) L1、L2の少なくとも一方に、式(4)で示される部分構造を少なくとも1つ有すること、
4) L1、L2のどちらか一方に式(5)で示される部分構造を持ち、他方に式(6)で示される部分構造を有し、配座探索計算により生成される立体配座の数が200~200000個となる構造を有すること、
ここで、pは0~5の整数を示す。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用化合物が、インドロカルバゾール骨格を有する化合物である場合は、酸化、還元、励起子の活性状態での安定性が高く、かつ耐熱性の高い有機電界発光素子用材料となり、これから形成された有機薄膜を用いた有機電界発光素子は、高い発光効率及び駆動安定性を示す。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用材料が、本発明の有機電界発光素子用化合物を含む混合物である場合は、混合物を同一の有機電界発光素子層に用いることで、層内の正孔と電子のキャリアバランスを調整することが可能となり、より高性能な有機EL素子を実現できる。更に、本発明の有機電界発光素子用化合物によってアモルファス安定性の高い膜を形成することができるため、混合する化合物の立体配座の数が少なくてもよい。
加えて、本発明の有機電界発光素子用材料は、前述したように様々な立体構造をとりうるため、分子間のパッキングが弱く、有機溶剤への溶解性が高い。そのため、この材料は塗布プロセスにも適応可能である。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用化合物は、上記一般式(1)で示される。そして、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環から選ばれる芳香族環が連結した骨格構造を有し、芳香族環に置換する置換基を除いた骨格構造の分子量が500以上1500以下であり、この骨格構造の配座探索計算により生成される立体配座の数が9~200000個となるものである。
この範囲であれば、アモルファス安定性と電荷の輸送性や発光性を両立することができ、優れた有機電界発光素子となる。
ここで、連結芳香族基は、芳香族炭化水素基、芳香族複素環基の芳香族環が直接結合で連結した構造を有する基であり、これを構成する芳香族環は同一であっても、異なってもよく、更に直鎖状であっても、分岐状であってもよく、置換基を有してもよい。
Ar1~Ar11はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、又は炭素数3~16の芳香族複素環基を示し、これらの芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基は、それぞれ独立に置換基を有してもよく、置換基を有する場合の置換基はシアノ基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数7~38のアラルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数12~44のジアリールアミノ基、炭素数14~76のジアラルキルアミノ基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、炭素数2~20のアシルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基である。ここで、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4、Ar5、Ar7およびAr9は2価の基であり、Ar6はn+1価の基であり、Ar8はm+1価の基であり、Ar10はk+1価の基であり、Ar11は1価の基である。
L1、L2、L3のうち少なくとも1つはAr1~Ar11の総数が2以上である。そして、L1、L2、及びL3中のAr1~Ar11の総数yは3以上である。
d、e、f、g、h、i、jは繰り返し数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示すが、好ましくは0~4の整数であり、より好ましくは0~3の整数である。k、m、nは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示すが、好ましくは0~4の整数であり、より好ましくは0~2の整数である。
Ar1~Ar11の総数は、式(C2)中のd~k及びm~nの数から容易に算出可能である。
a、b、cは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~2の整数を示すが、好ましくは0~1の整数を示す。
ここでxは、Ar1~Ar11の総数yから3を引いた整数であるが、xは1~7が好ましく、2~5であることがより好ましい。ここで、上記Ar1~Ar11の総数yは、L1、L2、及びL3についてのAr1~Ar11の総数の合計であると解される。
本発明の有機電界発光素子用化合物と混合して用いることができる好ましい化合物としては、含窒素芳香族6員環構造を有するインドロカルバゾール化合物である。含窒素芳香族6員環構造を有するインドロカルバゾール化合物としては、インドロカルバゾール環を1~2個有する化合物がある。なお、上記含窒素芳香族6員環構造を有するインドロカルバゾール化合物が、その立体配座の数が8×2x個より大きく8×4x+1個以下である場合は、本発明の有機電界発光素子用化合物でもあると解される。
一般式(8)において、環Fは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(F8)で表される芳香環を示す。環Gは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(G8)で表される複素環を示す。式(8)および式(G8)中の一方のArは、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~16の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~10連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示し、他方のArは式(9)で表される含窒素芳香族6員環構造含有基である。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については特に制限はなく、従来から有機電界発光素子に用いられているものであれば良く、例えばガラス、透明プラスチック、石英等からなるものを用いることができる。
有機電界発光素子における陽極材料としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が好ましく用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等の非晶質で、透明導電膜を作成可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成しても良く、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合(100μm以上程度)は、上記電極材料の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは有機導電性化合物のような塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極材料としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム―カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えばマグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの陰極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機電界発光素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度は向上し、好都合である。
発光層は陽極及び陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔及び電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層であり発光層には発光性ドーパント材料とホスト材料を含む。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい正孔阻止材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有し、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は2つ以上の発光層が隣接する素子において、隣接する2つの発光層の間に挿入することができる。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
有機電界発光素子用化合物として例示した化合物021、142、141、023、150、149、019、138、137、052、175、174、040、217、162および、比較のための化合物901~905について、配座探索計算を実施した。配座探索計算は、CONFLEX(コンフレックス社製)という計算ソフトウェアに計算対象構造の原子座標および結合様式を入力し、局所安定構造からの配座探索範囲を20kcal/molに設定した上で、分子力学法(力場:MMFF94s)により計算した。配座探索計算により生成される立体配座の算出結果を表1に示す。なお、上記化合物はいずれも、芳香族環が連結した構造を有し、非芳香族置換基を有しないので、化合物自体が置換基を含まない骨格構造となる。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そして、ホストとして化合物021を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層としてET-1を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例16において、ホストとして化合物142、141、023、150、149、019、138、137、052、175、174、040、217又は162のいずれかを用いた以外は実施例16と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例16において、ホストとして化合物901、902、903、904又は905のいずれかを用いた以外は実施例16と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そして、第1ホストとして化合物021を、第2ホストとして化合物409を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が60:40となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層としてET-1を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例31において、第1ホストと第2ホストの組み合わせを、表3に示す組み合わせとした以外は実施例31と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
溶媒洗浄、UVオゾン処理した膜厚150nmからなるITO付ガラス基板に、正孔注入層としてポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリスチレンスルホン酸(PEDOT/PSS):(エイチ・シー・シュタルク株式会社製、商品名:クレビオスPCH8000)を膜厚25nmで製膜した。次に、HT-2:BBPPA=5:5(モル比)の比率で混合した混合物をテトラヒドロフランに溶解して0.4wt%溶液に調製し、スピンコート法により20nm製膜した。次に、嫌気条件下150℃、1時間ホットプレートで溶媒除去し、加熱、硬化を行った。この熱硬化膜は、架橋構造を有している膜であり、溶剤に不溶である。この熱硬化膜は、正孔輸送層(HTL)である。そして第1ホストとして化合物021を、第2ホストとして化合物402を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3を用い、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が60:40、ホスト:ドーパントの重量比が95:5となるトルエン溶液(1.0wt%)を調製し、スピンコート法により発光層として40nmを製膜した。その後、真空蒸着装置を用いて、Alq3を35nm、陰極としてLiF/Alを膜厚170nmで製膜し、この素子をグローブボックス内で封止することにより有機電界発光素子を作製した。
実施例43において、第1ホストと第2ホストの組み合わせを、表4に示すようにした以外は実施例51と同様にして有機電界発光素子を作製した。
作製した有機EL素子の輝度、駆動電圧、寿命特性を表4に示す。表4で電圧、輝度は駆動電流20mA/cm2時の値であり、初期特性である。LT90は、初期輝度9000cd/m2時に輝度が初期輝度の90%まで減衰するまでにかかる時間であり、寿命特性である。なお、いずれの特性も、比較例15の特性を100%とした相対値で表記してある。
溶媒洗浄、UVオゾン処理した膜厚150nmからなるITO付ガラス基板に、正孔注入層としてポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリスチレンスルホン酸(PEDOT/PSS):(エイチ・シー・シュタルク株式会社製、商品名:クレビオスPCH8000)を膜厚25nmで製膜した。次に、HT-2:BBPPA=5:5(モル比)の比率で混合した混合物をテトラヒドロフランに溶解して0.4wt%溶液に調製し、スピンコート法により20nm製膜した。次に、嫌気条件下150℃、1時間ホットプレートで溶媒除去し、加熱、硬化を行った。この熱硬化膜は、架橋構造を有している膜であり、溶剤に不溶である。この熱硬化膜は、正孔輸送層(HTL)である。そして第1ホストとして化合物021を、第2ホストとして化合物800を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3を用い、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が60:40、ホスト:ドーパントの重量比が95:5となるトルエン溶液(1.0wt%)を調製し、スピンコート法により発光層として40nmを製膜した。その後、真空蒸着装置を用いて、Alq3を35nm、陰極としてLiF/Alを膜厚170nmで製膜し、この素子をグローブボックス内で封止することにより有機電界発光素子を作製した。
実施例63において、第1ホストと第2ホストの組み合わせを、表5に示すようにした以外は実施例64と同様にして有機電界発光素子を作製した。
作製した有機EL素子の輝度、駆動電圧、寿命特性を表5に示す。表5で電圧、輝度は駆動電流20mA/cm2時の値であり、初期特性である。LT90は、初期輝度9000cd/m2時に輝度が初期輝度の90%まで減衰するまでにかかる時間であり、寿命特性である。なお、いずれの特性も、比較例19の特性を100%とした相対値で表記してある。
Claims (21)
- 一般式(1)で示され、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環から選ばれる芳香族環が連結した骨格構造を有し、置換基を除いた骨格構造の分子量が500以上1500以下であり、該骨格構造の配座探索計算により生成される立体配座の数が9~200000個となる構造を有することを特徴とする有機電界発光素子用化合物。
ここで、Ar0は独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~24の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~10連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示す。HetArは、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~24の芳香族複素環基を示す。zは2~5の整数を示す。 - 一般式(2)で示され、配座探索計算により生成される立体配座の数が8×2x個より大きく8×4x+1個以下(ここで、xはAr1~Ar11の総数yから3を引いた整数である)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
ここで、環Aは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(A2)で表される芳香環を示す。環Bは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(B2)で表される複素環を示す。
R1~R3は、それぞれ独立に、シアノ基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数7~38のアラルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数12~44のジアリールアミノ基、炭素数14~76のジアラルキルアミノ基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、炭素数2~20のアシルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基、又はL3を示す。
L1、L2、L3は独立に、式(C2)で表される置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基であり、Ar1~Ar11はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、又は炭素数3~16の芳香族複素環基を示し、これらの芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基は、それぞれ独立に置換基を有してもよく、置換基を有する場合の置換基はシアノ基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数7~38のアラルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数12~44のジアリールアミノ基、炭素数14~76のジアラルキルアミノ基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、炭素数2~20のアシルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、又は炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基である。但し、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4、Ar5、Ar7およびAr9は2価の基であり、Ar6はn+1価の基であり、Ar8はm+1価の基であり、Ar10はk+1価の基であり、Ar11は1価の基である。
L1、L2、L3のうち少なくとも1つはAr1~Ar11の総数は2以上であり、L1、L2及びL3におけるAr1~Ar11の総数yは3以上である。
a、b、cは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~2の整数を示す。d、e、f、g、h、i、jは繰り返し数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示す。k、m、nは置換数を示し、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を示す。 - 前記Ar6が、下記式(C3)で示される請求項3に記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
ここでVとWは、それぞれ独立に、単結合、-C-、-CR、C(R)2、NR、N-、O、又はSを表す。Rは、それぞれ独立に、シアノ基、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数7~38のアラルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数12~44のジアリールアミノ基、炭素数14~76のジアラルキルアミノ基、炭素数2~20のアシル基、炭素数2~20のアシルオキシ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニル基、炭素数2~20のアルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、又は炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホニル基を示す。 - L1、及びL2の少なくとも一方におけるd、e、f、gが何れも0である請求項2~5のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子用化合物の少なくとも1種を含む有機電界発光素子用材料。
- 前記有機電界発光素子用化合物の少なくとも1種と、含窒素芳香族6員環構造を有するインドロカルバゾール化合物の少なくとも1種の化合物を含む請求項11に記載の有機電界発光素子用材料。
- 含窒素芳香族6員環構造を有するインドロカルバゾール化合物が、一般式(8)で示される化合物である請求項12に記載の有機電界発光素子用材料。
ここで、環Fは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(F8)で表される芳香環を示す。環Gは2つの隣接環の任意の位置で縮合する式(G8)で表される複素環を示す。式(8)および式(G8)中の一方のArは、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~16の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~10連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示し、他方のArは式(9)で表される含窒素芳香族6員環構造含有基である。
ここでYは、N、CH、又はCAr’で表され、少なくとも一つはNである。Ar’は独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~16の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~10連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示す。 - 一般式(8)において、一方のArがフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基、又はクアテルフェニル基である請求項13に記載の有機電界発光素子用材料。
- 請求項11に記載の有機電界発光素子用材料からなる有機層を含む有機電界発光素子。
- 請求項11に記載の有機電界発光素子用材料を、溶媒に溶解又は分散してなる有機電界発光素子用組成物。
- 請求項17に記載の有機電界発光素子用組成物の塗膜からなる有機層を含む有機電界発光素子。
- 前記有機層が、発光層、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、正孔阻止層及び電子阻止層から選ばれる少なくとも一つの層である請求項16に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 有機層が発光層であることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記発光層に発光性ドーパント材料を含有することを特徴とする請求項20に記載の有機電界発光素子。
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