WO2018168699A1 - 放熱機構及び無線通信装置 - Google Patents
放熱機構及び無線通信装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018168699A1 WO2018168699A1 PCT/JP2018/009249 JP2018009249W WO2018168699A1 WO 2018168699 A1 WO2018168699 A1 WO 2018168699A1 JP 2018009249 W JP2018009249 W JP 2018009249W WO 2018168699 A1 WO2018168699 A1 WO 2018168699A1
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- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- wireless communication
- antenna
- communication device
- heat
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/02—Arrangements for de-icing; Arrangements for drying-out ; Arrangements for cooling; Arrangements for preventing corrosion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/30—Auxiliary devices for compensation of, or protection against, temperature or moisture effects ; for improving power handling capability
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
- H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2039—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating characterised by the heat transfer by conduction from the heat generating element to a dissipating body
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat dissipation mechanism and a wireless communication device.
- a MIMO communication system multiple-input and multiple-output communication system
- a MIMO communication system multiple-input and multiple-output communication system
- the use of beam forming with antennas is underway.
- the number of antennas mounted on wireless communication apparatuses such as mobile base stations, communication circuits connected to the antennas, and baseband circuits tends to increase. As the number of circuits increases, the amount of heat generated by the wireless communication device increases, and circuit cooling has become a major issue.
- Patent Document 1 describes a wireless communication device in which a radiator and an antenna reflector are integrated to improve heat dissipation performance per volume.
- This wireless communication device uses a metal reflector that occupies a relatively large area as a heat dissipation path to reduce thermal resistance, and dissipates heat to the air via heat dissipation fins connected to the back side of the reflector It has become.
- the radio communication device described in Patent Document 1 mainly dissipates heat from the heat dissipating fins provided on the back side of the reflector, when the heat dissipating fins are installed on a wall surface or a pillar, most of the heat dissipating fins. It is covered with these wall surfaces and pillars, so that the amount of air that touches the heat radiating fins cannot be secured, and the heat radiating performance may be limited. Further, there is a problem that the depth is increased by the heat radiating fins and the apparatus is enlarged.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a wireless communication device capable of improving heat dissipation performance while being able to suppress an increase in size of the device.
- the heat dissipation mechanism includes a reflection plate for an antenna in which a reflection surface that reflects electromagnetic waves is formed, and one or a plurality of conductor fins connected so as to intersect the reflection plate,
- the conductor fin includes at least one slit portion that separates the conductor fin in a direction intersecting the reflection surface, and the conductor fin that is spaced apart from each slit portion with the slit portion interposed therebetween. It is characterized by providing at least 1 bridge
- a wireless communication device includes the heat dissipation mechanism according to the first aspect, and is connected to one or more antennas disposed on the reflection surface and the reflection plate. And a transmission / reception circuit for transmitting / receiving a radio signal via the antenna.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a heat dissipating mechanism capable of improving the heat dissipating performance while suppressing an increase in the size of the device, and a wireless communication apparatus including the heat dissipating mechanism.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a wireless communication apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the antenna element of FIG. 2. It is explanatory drawing of the heat flow in 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a minimum configuration example of a heat dissipation mechanism according to the present invention.
- Reference numeral 1 denotes a reflecting plate on which a reflecting surface for reflecting electromagnetic waves is formed.
- the reflecting plate 1 includes at least one conductor fin 2 connected in a direction intersecting with the reflecting plate 1 (substantially vertical in the illustrated case).
- the conductor fin 2 includes at least one slit portion 3 that separates the conductor fin 2 in a direction intersecting with the reflection surface of the reflector 1, that is, along the surface of the conductor fin 2. Further, the slit portion 3 includes at least one bridging conductor portion 4 for connecting a part of the conductor fins 2 separated from each other by the slit portion 3.
- the heat conducted from the reflector 1 can be released from the conductor fins 2 to the atmosphere.
- the conductor fin 2 has the slit portion 3 formed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reflection surface, the conductor fin 2 has a characteristic of transmitting a radio wave having an electric field in a direction perpendicular to the reflection plate.
- the electromagnetic wave reflection performance of the antenna element Can reduce the impact on Moreover, since the conductor fin 2 divided
- the wireless communication device 100 includes a box-shaped casing unit 106, a reflection plate 101 that is integrally attached to one surface of the casing unit 106, and a reflection plate 101.
- An array antenna 102R having a plurality of antenna elements 102, one or more radiating fins 108 standing on the reflector 101 (that is, connected substantially perpendicular to the reflector 101), and a housing 106.
- a communication circuit 107 built in.
- the communication circuit 107 is electrically connected to the array antenna 102R. As a result, the radio signal generated by the communication circuit 107 is radiated into the atmosphere as an electromagnetic wave via the array antenna 102R, and transmitted / received to / from another device (for example, a wireless terminal).
- the communication circuit 107 is connected to the reflection plate 101 with a member having high thermal conductivity interposed therebetween, and part of the generated heat is conducted to the reflection plate 101.
- a member having high thermal conductivity a ball grid array (BGA), a solder ball, a member filled with a thermal conductive underfill around the solder ball, or the like can be used.
- the reflection plate 101 is a plate-like member made of a conductive material.
- One surface of the reflecting plate 101 is a reflecting surface 101a that reflects electromagnetic waves.
- the reflection plate 101 is attached so that the reflection surface 101a is a surface opposite to the contact surface with the housing unit 106.
- the directions orthogonal to each other in the plane in which the reflecting surface 101a extends are defined as the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, respectively, and the normal direction of the xy plane formed by these x-axis and y-axis is the z-axis direction. It is defined as Further, hereinafter, the y-axis positive direction side is defined as a vertically upward direction, and the y-axis negative direction is defined as a vertically downward direction.
- each antenna element 102 is a planar patch antenna extending in a plane parallel to the reflecting surface 101a.
- a known antenna can be used as the patch antenna.
- Radiating fins 108 are formed between the plurality of antenna elements 102 and at both ends of the antenna elements 102 in each row.
- the radiating fin 108 stands up from the reflecting surface 101a and extends in a direction intersecting with the reflecting surface 101a (substantially orthogonal in the illustrated example).
- the radiating fins 108 are arranged in a matrix on the reflective surface 101a and in the same direction (aligned on the same or parallel plane).
- the radiating fins 108 are formed of a plate-like electric conductor, and the plate-like electric conductor is separated from the reflection surface 101a in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reflection surface 101a.
- a substantially parallel slit 108a and a bridging conductor 108b for electrically connecting a part between the conductors facing each other across the slit 108a are provided.
- the heat radiating fins 108 are fixed to the reflecting plate 101 by solder (connection portions) 108c or the like.
- the radiating fins 108 may be formed of sheet metal, may be formed by metal cutting or the like integrally with the reflecting plate 101 without using the solder 108c, etc., or a conductor on a plate-like dielectric. It may be formed in a pattern.
- a method of forming a conductor pattern on a dielectric there is a method of forming a metal foil such as a copper foil by patterning. The patterning process is common in a manufacturing process of a printed circuit board or the like, and a fine pattern is formed.
- the conductor used for this pattern is comprised, for example with metals, such as copper, silver, aluminum, nickel, and another good conductor material.
- the dielectric may be, for example, a printed board using glass epoxy resin.
- the dielectric may be an interposer substrate such as LSI (Large-Scale Integration) or a module substrate using a ceramic material such as LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic).
- LSI Large-Scale Integration
- LTCC Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic
- it may be a semiconductor substrate such as silicon.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a device configuration of the wireless communication device 100.
- one communication circuit 107 includes a phase shifter, a wireless circuit (RF), and a baseband circuit (BB).
- RF wireless circuit
- BB baseband circuit
- one phase shifter is provided for each antenna element 102. With such a configuration, the phase can be changed for each antenna element 102, so that the beam direction can be controlled.
- FIG. 5B Another example of the device configuration of the wireless communication device 100 is shown in FIG. 5B.
- one communication circuit 107 includes a wireless circuit (RF) and a baseband circuit (BB).
- RF wireless circuit
- BB baseband circuit
- one wireless circuit is provided for each antenna element 102.
- the wireless communication apparatus 100 can support spatial multiplexing communication in which different wireless signals are transmitted and received for each antenna element 102.
- FIG. 5C shows still another example of the device configuration of the wireless communication device 100.
- each of the plurality of communication circuits 107 includes one wireless circuit (RF). That is, one communication circuit 107 is provided for each antenna element 102.
- the wireless communication apparatus 100 can support spatial multiplexing communication in which different wireless signals are transmitted and received for each antenna element 102.
- the device configuration of the wireless communication device 100 is not necessarily limited to FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C.
- the communication circuit 107 may not include the baseband circuit (BB).
- the baseband circuit (BB) may be configured outside the wireless communication apparatus 100, or other configurations.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the flow of heat dissipation in the wireless communication device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the wireless communication device 100 shown in FIG. 4 is a cross section viewed from the x-axis negative direction.
- the heat generated in the communication circuit 107 is transferred to the heat radiating fins 108, which are electric conductors, through the reflector 101 as shown by the white arrows in the figure, and is radiated. Since the heat radiating fin includes the electric conductor, heat transfer is high, and thus heat generated in the communication circuit 107 is efficiently radiated.
- the wireless communication device 100 includes the heat radiation fins 108, an area where heat generated in the wireless communication device 100 comes into contact with air, in other words, a heat radiation area increases. Therefore, the heat dissipation performance of the wireless communication device 100 is improved.
- the direction in which the heat dissipating fin 108 extends is preferably coincident with the y-axis direction as shown in FIG. A force directed vertically upward is applied to the air heated by the heat radiation of the heat radiation fins 108 as the density decreases. Therefore, by arranging the radiation fins 108 in the y-axis direction, heat can be efficiently radiated without hindering natural convection of air from vertically downward to vertically upward.
- the direction in which the radiation fin 108 extends is not limited to the y-axis direction, and may be any direction in the xy plane.
- the position of the radiating fin 108 on the reflection surface 101a is not limited to the arrangement shown in FIG. For example, although the radiation fins 108 in FIG. 2 are disposed between the antenna elements 102 in the x-axis direction, they may be disposed between the antenna elements 102 in the y-axis direction.
- the radiating fin 108 when the radiating fin 108 is formed of an electric conductor and joined to the reflector by solder 108c or the like, the radiating fin 108 is electrically viewed, and a part of the reflector conductor near the antenna is z-axis. This has substantially the same effect as the configuration protruding in the positive direction. That is, such a structure disturbs the near electromagnetic field and radiated electromagnetic wave of the antenna, and hinders the operation of the antenna element. Therefore, in the present invention, attention is further paid to the fact that the electric field directly above the reflecting plate 101 formed by the antenna element is perpendicular to the reflecting plate 101, and since the radiating fin 108 separates the conductor in the direction perpendicular to the reflecting plate, FIG. 3 is provided.
- the radiating fin 108 partially separated by the slit 108a has a characteristic of transmitting an electromagnetic wave having an electric field parallel to the separated direction (z-axis direction). Therefore, the radiating fin 108 provided with the slit 108a is It has the characteristic of transmitting radio waves having an electric field in the direction perpendicular to the reflector, and as a result, the influence on the antenna element can be reduced.
- the radiating fin 108 further includes a bridging conductor 108b that connects the slits in order to efficiently transfer heat from the reflector to the tip.
- the radio wave transmission characteristics of the radiating fin 108 change depending on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, and the frequency characteristics are determined by the capacitance between the conductors facing each other across the slit 108a and the inductance of the bridging conductor 108b. It is more desirable to design so as to have the optimum transmission characteristics according to the resonance frequency of the antenna element by adjusting the dimensions and shape of the antenna.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the electromagnetic wave E is radiated from the antenna element 102 in the wireless communication apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment, as indicated by a broken arrow in the figure.
- the electromagnetic wave E radiated from the antenna element 102 is radiated with orientation in various directions for beam forming. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave E radiated at a predetermined angle from the z-axis direction to the direction of the broken arrow enters the heat radiating fin 108. Since the radiation fin 108 has radio wave transmission characteristics, the electromagnetic wave E radiated from the antenna element 102 can pass through the radiation fin 108. Thus, since the heat radiation fin 108 can transmit the electromagnetic wave E, the wireless communication device 100 can wirelessly communicate with other devices without limiting the radiation angle of the electromagnetic wave E.
- the wireless communication device 100 can improve the heat dissipation performance of the heat generated in the communication circuit 107 by the heat dissipation fins 108. If the communication circuit 107 generates heat as a wireless signal is transmitted and received, there is a possibility that the operation of the communication circuit 107 and other circuits (not shown) may be affected. That is, the heat generated in the communication circuit 107 is thermally conducted along a conduction path H indicated by a white arrow in the figure, and is radiated from the radiation fin 108 to improve the heat radiation performance. A stable operation of the apparatus 100 is enabled.
- the radiating fin 108 can transmit the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna element 102. Therefore, the radio communication device 100 can avoid the radio fin 108 from inhibiting radio communication by the antenna element 102.
- the wireless communication apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention has been described above with reference to the drawings. However, various modifications can be made to the above configuration without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the communication circuit 107 since the communication circuit 107 is built in the housing unit 106, the communication circuit 107 is disposed on the surface of the reflection plate 101 opposite to the reflection surface 101a.
- the communication circuit 107 may be arranged in any manner as long as the communication circuit 107 can transfer heat to the reflecting plate 101. If the communication circuit 107 and the reflection plate 101 are connected with a material having high thermal conductivity, the communication circuit 107 does not necessarily have to be directly connected to the reflection plate 101.
- the communication circuit 107 may be disposed on the reflecting surface 101a side of the reflecting plate 101 or may be disposed at another position.
- the wireless communication apparatus 100 includes an array antenna 102 ⁇ / b> R having a plurality of antenna elements 102 and a plurality of heat radiation fins 108, but does not necessarily include a plurality of antenna elements 102 and a plurality of heat radiation fins 108. Alternatively, one antenna element 102 and one radiating fin 108 may be provided.
- the radiating fin 108 does not necessarily have the structure shown in FIG.
- the heat dissipating fin 108 is a conductor separated by the slit 108a at a portion away from the bridging conductor 108b among the ends of the conductor separated by sandwiching the slit 108a.
- the additional conductor part 108d which shortens the distance between may be provided.
- the additional conductor portion 108d can increase the capacitance between the conductors separated by the slit 108a without changing the inductance of the bridging conductor 108b.
- the heat dissipating fin 108 may have the slit 108a extended in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reflecting surface 101a.
- the inductance of the bridging conductor 108b can be increased.
- the additional conductor portion 108d can maintain or increase the capacitance between the conductors separated by the slit 108a.
- the bridging conductor 108b may have a meander shape and the inductance may be increased.
- the slit 108a may be a meander-shaped slit as shown as a fourth modification in FIG. By doing in this way, the capacitance between the conductors spaced apart across the slit 108a can be increased.
- FIG. 11 as a fifth modification, when the slit 108a is extended in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reflecting surface 101a as in FIG. 8, the additional conductor portion 108d faces the other side of the slit 108a. Only the portion close to the additional conductor portion 108d may be extended in the y-axis direction. By doing in this way, the bridge
- the inductance of the bridging conductor 108b can be increased without reducing the capacitance between the conductors separated by the slit 108a.
- one bridging conductor 108b is located at substantially the center of the slit 108a.
- a plurality of bridging conductors 108b may be provided, and they may be located at the end of the y-axis in the drawing other than the central portion of the slit 108a.
- the slit 108a is located at the center in the z-axis direction of the radiating fin 108.
- the slit 108a is located at the center of the radiating fin 108 in the z-axis direction. You may be located in parts other than.
- the conductor portion that is connected to the reflecting plate 101 and protrudes in the positive z-axis direction becomes long. Performance is likely to be hindered.
- the distance h is more preferably ⁇ / 4 or less, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna element 102 in vacuum.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna element 102 in vacuum.
- the radiating fin 108 may include a plurality of slits 108a as shown as a ninth modification in FIG.
- the radiating fins 108 may be formed as a plurality of conductor layers in the dielectric substrate 108e.
- the radiating fin 108 includes a two-layer conductor pattern, but is not limited to two layers, and may include a three-layer or more conductor pattern.
- a plurality of conductor layers may be electrically connected by a conductor via 108f.
- the conductors constituting the radiating fins 108 are more closely connected by the conductor vias 108f, so that the heat transfer performance of the radiating fins 108 can be improved.
- the conductor via 108f is generally formed by plating a through-hole formed in the dielectric substrate 108e by a drill, but any conductor can be used as long as the layers can be electrically connected.
- a laser via formed by a laser may be used, or a copper wire may be used.
- the additional conductor portion 108d may be provided so as to face each other between different conductor layers. By doing in this way, the capacitance between the conductors which are spaced apart with the slit 108a interposed therebetween can be further increased.
- the heat dissipating fins 108 may be extended in the y-axis direction and continuous in the same plane. At this time, the rising air current in the positive y-axis direction around the heat radiating fin due to the heat radiated from the heat radiating fin 108 is efficiently rectified, and the heat radiating performance is improved.
- the structure of the radiating fin 108 includes a plurality of conductive patterns of the radiating fin 108 described above on the dielectric substrate 108e extended in the y-axis direction. They may be spaced apart from each other. As shown in FIG.
- the conductor pattern of one of the above-described radiating fins 108 is extended and arranged in the y-axis direction on the dielectric substrate 108e extended in the y-axis direction. May be.
- a plurality of bridging conductors 108b are provided at substantially equal intervals in the slit 108a.
- the width of the conductor pattern of the radiating fin 108 in the y-axis direction may be extended as shown in FIG. 20, but it is ⁇ / 2 or less as a configuration that does not further inhibit the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna. Is more desirable.
- a non-conductive protective film may be provided on the surface of the radiating fin 108. According to such a configuration, it becomes possible to protect the heat radiation fin 108 from outdoor rain, snow, and dust, and the weather resistance of the wireless communication device 100 can be improved.
- the protective film preferably has, for example, water repellency and water resistance, but may naturally have other properties.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic perspective view of a wireless communication apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the wireless communication apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment is different from the wireless communication apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment in that a radome 205 is provided.
- the same components as those of the wireless communication device 100 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the reflector 101 and the radome 205 are shown separated from the assembled state.
- the radome 205 is a member that has substantially the same planar shape as the reflecting surface 101a of the reflecting plate 101 and covers the entire reflecting surface 101a.
- the radome 205 is C-shaped in a plan view (viewed from above in FIG. 23) and has openings vertically upward and vertically downward. That is, in the wireless communication device 200 according to the second embodiment, the ventilation channel K surrounded by the radome 205 and the reflection plate 101 is formed. A plurality of antenna elements 102 provided on the reflecting surface 101a are accommodated in the ventilation channel K. Since the radome 205 covers the antenna element 102 and the like, the wireless communication apparatus 200 can protect the antenna element 102 from physical impact.
- the shape of the radome 205 is not particularly limited as long as it can cover the reflecting surface 101a.
- the radome may have a curved surface that covers the reflective surface 101a.
- the radome 205 is usually made of a dielectric material. When the radome 205 is made of a dielectric material, the radome 205 can transmit electromagnetic waves radiated from the antenna element 102 accommodated in the ventilation channel K.
- the radome 205 may be configured with a frequency selective surface (FSS) instead of the dielectric material.
- the frequency selection surface usually has a structure in which conductor patterns, such as conductor pieces and openings in a conductor plate, are periodically arranged. By designing the conductor pattern, the electromagnetic wave incident on the frequency selection surface Among them, electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency band can be selectively transmitted or reflected.
- the radome 205 is configured by the frequency selection surface that transmits the electromagnetic wave having the frequency radiated by the antenna element 102, so that the radome 205 can transmit the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element 102. At the same time, since the radome 205 includes a conductor, the heat transfer property of the radome 205 is improved.
- the heat from the communication circuit 107 is transmitted to the radome 205, and as a result, the heat dissipation performance of the wireless communication device 200 is further improved. Can be made.
- the radome 205 has openings vertically above and below.
- the air heated by the heat radiation goes vertically upward as the density decreases. Therefore, the vertically lower opening of the radome 205 is the intake port 203, and the vertically upward opening is the exhaust port 204.
- the ventilation channel K formed by the radome 205 air flows by natural convection.
- the heated air flows from the intake port 203 side to the exhaust port 204 side by natural convection.
- the air density on the intake port 203 side becomes low and air is supplied from the outside.
- the intake port 203 and the exhaust port 204 an opening in which the entire surface below and above the radome 205 is removed is shown.
- the openings of the intake port 203 and the exhaust port 204 are not necessarily configured by removing the entire surface.
- the intake port 203 and the exhaust port 204 have a lower surface plate 205a and an upper surface plate 205b that respectively constitute the surfaces below and above the radome 205, respectively. It may be an opening.
- the radome 205 has openings (exhaust port 204 and intake port 203) vertically above and below vertically.
- the wireless communication device 200 can take wind into the radome 205, the position and number of openings are not limited thereto.
- the radome 205 may have the intake port 203 and the exhaust port 204 on other surfaces (that is, the side surface of the radome 205) other than the vertically upper side and the vertically lower side. May have an air inlet 203 and an air outlet 204.
- the radome 205 may have one opening in which the intake port 203 and the exhaust port 204 are integrated, or one or more intake ports 203 and one or more exhaust ports 204. Also good.
- the radome 205 includes a plurality of intake ports 203 and a plurality of exhaust ports 204, a configuration in which the radome 205 has openings in the vertically upper side, the vertically lower side, and the side surfaces can be given.
- the air flow in the ventilation channel is not limited to natural convection.
- the wireless communication device 210 may be provided with a fan 211 on the inlet 203 side.
- the fan 211 is driven to rotate by electric power supplied from the outside, so that the fan 211 introduces air from the outside into the ventilation channel.
- forced air convection occurs in the ventilation channel as shown by the broken line in the figure.
- the wireless communication device 210 can obtain a more efficient and better heat dissipation effect than heat dissipation by only natural convection of air.
- the fan 211 may be provided in another place as long as it can generate forced air convection in the ventilation channel.
- the air inlet 203 may be disposed so as to face the direction along the airflow of the fan that generates convection for cooling the entire communication system including the wireless communication device 210.
- the wireless communication device 210 can obtain the same effect.
- Fans 211 may be provided at both the intake port 203 and the exhaust port 204.
- the wireless communication device 220 is located vertically above the exhaust port 204 (viewed in the y-axis direction).
- the eaves 221 may be provided with an interval in the y-axis direction so as to overlap at least the opening of the exhaust port 204 and not to block the exhaust port 204. According to such a configuration, the eaves 221 prevent rain and snow from entering the radome 205, so that the weather resistance of the wireless communication device 220 is improved.
- the wireless communication device 220 may include a breathable member that blocks the intake port 203 and the exhaust port 204.
- the breathable member may be, for example, a mesh member such as a wire mesh, a cloth, or another member. According to such a configuration, foreign matter, rain, snow, or the like can be prevented from entering the radome 205, and the durability and weather resistance of the wireless communication device 220 can be improved.
- the wireless communication device 230 is connected to the back side of the housing unit 106 (the surface opposite to the reflecting surface 101a). ) May be provided with a radiator 231 (heat sink). According to such a configuration, the heat dissipation performance of the wireless communication device 230 is further improved.
- the radiator 231 is not limited to the configuration having a plurality of radiating fins as shown in the illustrated example. For example, a configuration in which the rear surface of the housing unit 106 is simply roughened to increase the radiating area, or a heat medium is used. A configuration using phase change can be applied.
- the wireless communication device forms a flow path for air to convect by having a radome. Therefore, outside air is efficiently supplied to the inside of the wireless communication device, and the heat dissipation performance of the wireless communication device is improved. Further, since the radome is formed of a predetermined material or has a predetermined frequency selection surface, the radio communication device can suppress the radome from obstructing radio communication.
- FIG. 26 is a schematic perspective view of a wireless communication apparatus 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the wireless communication apparatus 300 according to the third embodiment is different from the wireless communication apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment in that the antenna element 302 stands with respect to the reflecting surface 101a.
- the same components as those of the wireless communication device 100 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the thickness direction of the antenna element 302 faces the x-axis direction. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna element 302 is incident on the heat radiating fin 108 extending in the same direction.
- the radiating fin 108 includes the slit 108a and the bridging conductor 108b as in the wireless communication device 100 of the first embodiment, and can transmit electromagnetic waves in a specific band. That is, the wireless communication device 300 according to the third embodiment can radiate heat without the heat radiating fins 108 interfering with wireless communication.
- each antenna element 302 has a plate-shaped dielectric substrate 303, and an antenna pattern 304a and an antenna pattern 304b which are conductor patterns formed on the surface of the dielectric substrate 303. ing. As described above, the dielectric substrate 303 is disposed with its thickness direction directed in the x-axis direction.
- the dielectric substrate 303 is formed of, for example, a printed board using glass epoxy resin or a ceramic board such as LTCC.
- a pair of substantially L-shaped printed wirings are provided on one surface of the dielectric substrate 303.
- the printed wiring is desirably formed of a material having good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, such as copper foil.
- These printed wirings are the antenna pattern 304a and the antenna pattern 304b, respectively.
- the antenna element 302 having good thermal conductivity is further connected to the reflector 101 by a material having good thermal conductivity such as solder, the antenna element 302 is also similar to the radiation fin 108.
- the heat of the communication circuit 107 is transmitted, and as a result, the heat dissipation performance of the wireless communication device 300 can be improved.
- the antenna pattern 304 a and the antenna pattern 304 b are connected to a communication circuit 107 built in the housing unit 106 through a feeding point 305.
- the communication circuit 107 supplies power to the antenna pattern 304a and the antenna pattern 304b via the feeding point 305.
- the communication circuit 107 excites the antenna element 302.
- the antenna element 302 forms a dipole antenna by the antenna pattern 304a and the antenna pattern 304b.
- the reflecting surface 101a of the reflecting plate 101 preferably has a radome 205. Since the wireless communication device 300 includes the radome 205, the wireless communication device 300 can prevent the antenna element 302 from physical impact. In addition, since the wireless communication device 300 includes the radome 205, the wireless communication device 300 can promote natural convection in the ventilation channel surrounded by the radome 205 and the reflection plate 101. Note that the antenna element 302 extends in the same direction along the radiating fin 108 and the natural convection, so that the natural convection is not hindered.
- a heat radiator similar to that shown in FIG. 25 is provided on the back side of the casing unit 106 (surface opposite to the reflection surface 101a). May be. According to such a configuration, the heat dissipation performance of the wireless communication device is further improved. Furthermore, eaves may be provided above the exhaust hole in the same manner as in FIG. 24 according to the environment in which the wireless communication device is arranged. According to such a configuration, the wireless communication device prevents rain and snow from entering the radome, and the weather resistance of the wireless communication device is improved.
- the example in which the antenna pattern 304a and the antenna pattern 304b are provided only on one surface of the dielectric substrate 303 has been described.
- the form of the antenna pattern is not limited to this.
- an antenna pattern 304a is provided on one surface of the dielectric substrate 303, and the antenna pattern is formed on the other surface.
- 304b may be provided.
- the antenna used for the antenna element 302 is not limited to the dipole antenna shown in FIGS. 27 and 29, and may be an antenna using a split ring resonator.
- the antenna element 302 is configured by forming a substantially T-shaped printed wiring on the surface of a dielectric substrate 303.
- the region on the side close to the reflecting plate 101 (reflecting surface 101a) forms a rectangular conductor portion 307 by forming a generally rectangular shape.
- the region on the side away from the reflecting surface 101a is substantially C-shaped to constitute the annular conductor portion 306.
- the annular conductor portion 306 is formed with a split portion 308 in which a part in the circumferential direction is notched.
- the annular conductor part 306 forms a magnetic field in the inner rectangular area 309 as a coil (inductor), and the split part 308 ensures a certain capacitance as a capacitor.
- a split ring resonator in which an inductor and a capacitor are connected in series is formed.
- a feeding line 311 is connected to another part of the annular conductor portion 306 in the circumferential direction via a feeding via 310. Thereby, the radio signal transmitted from the feeding point 305 is input to the split resonator.
- the antenna element 302 as such a split ring resonator can be smaller in size than a dipole antenna having the same operating frequency. Thereby, compared with the case where the antenna element 302 as a dipole antenna is used, the clearance gap between the antenna elements 302 can be taken more widely. With such a configuration, the communication circuit 107 can be cooled more efficiently.
- a plurality of antenna elements 302 as the above split ring resonators are stacked, and these antenna elements 302 are connected to each other by conductive vias 315.
- a power supply line 311 may be provided between them. According to such a configuration, the shielding performance with respect to the feeder 311 can be improved by the antenna elements 302 facing each other. That is, noise from the outside with respect to the power supply line 311 can be shielded.
- the wireless device according to the third embodiment of the present invention if used, the area where the standing antenna element and the air come into contact increases, so that more efficient heat dissipation can be performed. Further, since the radiating fin includes the slit 108a and the bridged conductor 108b, it is possible to efficiently radiate heat without inhibiting electromagnetic waves radiated from the antenna element.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic perspective view of a wireless communication apparatus 400 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 34 is a schematic plan view of a wireless communication apparatus 400 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the wireless communication apparatus 400 according to the fourth embodiment is different from the wireless communication apparatus 300 according to the third embodiment in that the antenna element 402 is inclined with respect to the y-axis direction.
- the same components as those of the wireless communication device 100 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the antenna element 402 in the wireless communication apparatus 400 includes a first element group L1 having a plurality of first antenna elements 402a and a second element group L2 having a plurality of second antenna elements 402b.
- the first antenna element 402a in the first element group L1 extends in a first direction inclined by approximately 45 ° with respect to the y-axis direction in the yz plane on the reflecting surface 101a.
- the second antenna element 402b in the second element group L2 is inclined in a direction (second direction) generally orthogonal to the first direction in the yz plane.
- a plurality of first element groups L1 are arranged on the reflecting surface 101a with an interval in the second direction, and a plurality of second element groups L2 are arranged with an interval in the first direction.
- the plurality of first antenna elements 402a and the plurality of second antenna elements 402b are arranged in a square lattice shape having the same lattice constant. That is, when viewed from the normal direction (z direction) of the reflecting surface 101a, the dimensions between the first antenna elements 402a adjacent to each other are substantially equal. Similarly, the dimensions between the second antenna elements 402b adjacent to each other are substantially equal. Each first antenna element 402a is disposed between a pair of second antenna elements 402b adjacent to each other in the second direction. Further, when viewed from the normal direction of the reflector 101 (reflecting surface 101a), a line connecting a pair of adjacent second antenna elements 402b passes through the center of the first antenna element 402a in the first direction. Has been.
- the line connecting the pair of adjacent first antenna elements 402a is also the center of the second antenna element 402b in the first direction. Pass through.
- the “center” does not necessarily have to be exact, and may pass through a region that substantially divides the first antenna element 402a or the second antenna element 402b.
- the first element group L1 and the second element group L2 are arranged in directions orthogonal to each other, the respective polarized waves are also orthogonal to each other.
- the plurality of first element groups L1 and the second element group L2 are individually controlled by the communication circuit 107 (not shown in FIGS. 33 and 34). That is, the first element group L1 and the second element group L2 are supplied with radio signals having different phases and powers, respectively. Accordingly, the first element group L1 and the second element group L2 form an array antenna independent of each other. That is, these array antennas operate as a polarization-sharing array antenna that can form different beams for each polarization.
- the first element group L1 and the second element group L2 as described above, of the electric field and magnetic field formed by signal radiation from the first antenna element 402a and the second antenna element 402b.
- the possibility that regions with high strength overlap each other can be reduced.
- the first antenna element 402a and the second antenna element 402b can be arranged close to each other while suppressing electromagnetic coupling.
- the gap formed by the first antenna element 402a and the second antenna element 402b is in a zigzag meandering state along the y-axis. As a result, the air flowing by natural convection in the ventilation channel sufficiently contacts the first antenna element 402a and the second antenna element 402b, so that the heat radiation performance of the wireless communication device 400 is further improved.
- FIG. 35 to 37 show a wireless communication apparatus 400 ′ according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic plan view of the fifth embodiment.
- the wireless communication device 400 ′ according to the fifth embodiment differs in configuration from the wireless communication device 400 shown in the fourth embodiment in the y-axis direction.
- the heat radiating fins 108 are parallel to the x-axis direction. As shown in FIG.
- the wireless communication device 400 ′ of the fifth embodiment further includes the heat radiating fins 108 parallel to the x-axis direction, so that the rising airflow A flowing in the vertical direction (y-axis direction) and the horizontal direction ( Both outdoor winds B blowing in the x-axis direction) can be taken into and discharged from the antenna area without hindering, and heat dissipation performance can be improved.
- the first antenna element 402a, the second antenna element 402b, and the radiating fin 108 that the airflow introduced into the antenna region first collides are arranged obliquely so as not to be orthogonal to the airflow, thereby reducing the speed of the airflow. Is preferable from the viewpoint of improving heat dissipation performance.
- the configuration of the reflector 101 is not limited to the configuration of FIG. 35, and as shown in FIG. 36 as a first modification, the periphery of the reflector 101 surrounds the antenna region where the first element group L1 and the second element group L2 are arranged. It is good also as a structure which arrange
- FIG.35 and FIG.36 it is good also as a structure used combining the arrangement
- a configuration may be adopted in which the heat radiation fins 108 are partially omitted while confirming the heat radiation efficiency around or inside the antenna region.
- a radome 205 may be added to the configuration of FIGS.
- FIG. 37 shows an example in which a plurality of openings 410 are provided in a part of the side portion of the radome 205.
- the openings 410 may be formed by removing most of the side portions. It may be configured as follows.
- the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna element 402 is incident on the radiation fin 108.
- the radiating fin 108 includes the slit 108a and the bridging conductor 108b similarly to the wireless communication device 100 of the first embodiment, and can transmit electromagnetic waves in a specific band. That is, the wireless communication devices 400 and 400 ′ in the fourth and fifth embodiments can radiate heat without the wireless fins 108 blocking wireless communication.
- the radio communication device 400 ′ can use the radome 205, the fan 211, the eaves 221, and the radiator 231 (heat sink), respectively, as described above.
- the individual antenna elements 402 can be the same as the antenna elements 302 in the third embodiment.
- the use of a small antenna using the split ring resonator shown in FIGS. 30 to 32 enables a configuration that does not hinder the air flow in the ventilation channel. .
- heat can be radiated without inhibiting the electromagnetic waves radiated from the antenna elements.
- the antenna since the antenna extends in two directions, a different beam can be formed for each polarization.
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Abstract
Description
さらに、前記スリット部3は、このスリット部3によって互いに分離された前記導体フィン2の一部同士を接続させる架橋導体部4を少なくとも一つ備えている。
本発明の第1実施形態に係る無線通信装置100について、図面を参照して説明する。
図2に示すように、本実施形態に係る無線通信装置100は、箱状の筐体部106と、筐体部106の一方の面に一体に取り付けられた反射板101と、反射板101上に設けられた複数のアンテナ素子102を有するアレイアンテナ102Rと、反射板101上に起立する(すなわち反射板101に対して略垂直に接続される)1または複数の放熱フィン108と、筺体部106に内蔵された通信用回路107とを備えている。
前記通信用回路107は、熱伝導性の高い部材を中間に介在させて、反射板101と接続されており、発生する熱の一部が反射板101に伝導する。熱伝導性が高い部材としては、ボールグリッドアレイ(BGA)、半田ボール、半田ボールの周囲に熱伝導性アンダーフィルが充填されたもの等を用いることができる。
前記反射板101は、導電性を有する材料で形成された板状の部材である。反射板101の一方側の面は、電磁波を反射する反射面101aとされている。反射板101は、反射面101aが筺体部106との接触面と反対側の面となるように取り付けられる。以下の説明では、反射面101aの延びる平面内で互いに直交する方向をそれぞれx軸方向、y軸方向と定義し、これらx軸、y軸によって形成されるxy平面の法線方向をz軸方向と定義する。また以下、y軸正方向側を鉛直上方とし、y軸負方向を鉛直下方とする。
本実施形態において、個々のアンテナ素子102は、反射面101aと平行な面に延在する平面形状のパッチアンテナである。このパッチアンテナとして、公知のものを用いることができ、例えば反射板101を貫通する給電点を設けることにより、当該給電点を介してパッチアンテナと通信用回路107を接続することができる。
前記複数のアンテナ素子102の間、および、各行のアンテナ素子102の両端には、放熱フィン108が形成されている。図2において放熱フィン108は、反射面101aから起立して、反射面101aと交差する(図示例では略直交する)方向に延在している。また前記放熱フィン108は、前記反射面101a上で行列状に、かつ、面の方向を同じくして(同一あるいは平行な平面上に揃えて)配置されている。
前記誘電体は、例えば、ガラスエポキシ樹脂を用いたプリント基板であっても良い。或いは、誘電体は、LSI(Large-Scale Integration)等のインターポーザ(Interposer)基板であっても良いし、LTCC(Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic)などのセラミック材料を用いたモジュール基板であっても良いし、シリコンなどの半導体基板であっても良い。
このような構成によって、無線通信装置100は、アンテナ素子102ごとに異なる無線信号を送受信する、空間多重通信にも対応することが可能となる。
このような構成によって、無線通信装置100は、アンテナ素子102ごとに異なる無線信号を送受信する、空間多重通信にも対応することが可能となる。
図4は、第1実施形態に係る無線通信装置100における放熱の流れを図示した模式図である。図4に示す無線通信装置100は、x軸負方向から見た断面である。図4に示すように、通信用回路107で発生した熱は、図中白抜きの矢印で示すように、反射板101を介して電気導体である放熱フィン108に伝わり、放熱される。放熱フィンは電気導体を備えるため、伝熱性が高く、よって通信用回路107で発生した熱が効率よく放熱される。無線通信装置100が放熱フィン108を有することによって、無線通信装置100内で発生した熱が空気に触れる面積、言い換えれば放熱面積が増加する。したがって、無線通信装置100の放熱性能は向上する。
また本発明の第1実施形態に係る無線通信装置100では、放熱フィン108は、アンテナ素子102から放射される電磁波を透過することができる。そのため、無線通信装置100は、アンテナ素子102による無線通信を放熱フィン108が阻害することを避けることができる。
以上、本発明の第1実施形態に係る無線通信装置について図面を参照して説明したが、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない限りにおいて、上記の構成に種々の変更を加えることができる。
例えば、放熱フィン108は、図7に第1変形例として示すように、スリット108aを挟んで離間された導体の端部のうち、架橋導体108bから離れた部分に、スリット108aによって離間された導体間の距離を縮める、追加導体部108dを備えていてもよい。追加導体部108dにより、架橋導体108bによるインダクタンスを変えることなく、スリット108aによって離間された導体間のキャパシタンスを増加させることができる。
よって、距離hは、例えば、アンテナ素子102が放射する電磁波の真空中の波長をλとしたとき、λ/4以下がより望ましい。ただし、スリット108aでの伝熱特性劣化により、スリット108aよりz軸正方向の放熱フィン108に伝わる熱量が減少することから、距離hが短すぎると、放熱フィン108全体に伝わる熱量が減少し、放熱性能が劣化する。よって、アンテナ素子102性能の劣化の許容範囲において、距離hは出来るだけ長いほうがより望ましい。
また、スリット108aの数が多いほど、放熱フィン108aの電波透過特性が向上することから、放熱フィン108は、図15に第9変形例として示すようにスリット108aを複数備えていてもよい。
図21は、本発明の第2実施形態にかかる無線通信装置200の斜視模式図である。第2実施形態にかかる無線通信装置200は、レドーム205が設けられている点が、第1実施形態に係る無線通信装置100と異なる。第1実施形態にかかる無線通信装置100と同一の構成については、同一の符号を付し、詳細な説明を省く。図21では、理解を容易にするために、反射板101とレドーム205とを組立て状態から分離して図示している。
レドーム205は、通常誘電体材料からなる。レドーム205が誘電体材料からなる場合、レドーム205は、通気流路K内に収容されたアンテナ素子102が放射する電磁波を透過することができる。
前記レドーム205によって形成される通気流路K内では、自然対流によって空気が流動する。昇温された空気は自然対流により吸気口203側から排気口204側に流れる。
通気流路K内の空気が吸気口203側から排気口204側に流れると、吸気口203側の空気密度が低くなり、外部から空気が供給される。すなわち、レドーム205を設けることで、吸気口203から排気口204に向けた連続的な自然対流(いわゆる、煙突効果)が形成される。この結果、通信用回路107で発生した熱が伝わった反射板101の反射面101a及び放熱フィン108の表面に、新鮮な外気が常に供給されるため、無線通信装置200の放熱効率は、より向上する。
このような構成によれば、無線通信装置210は、空気の自然対流のみによる放熱に比べて、さらに効率的かつ良好な放熱効果を得ることができる。なお、ファン211は、通気流路内に強制的な空気の対流を生じることができれば他の場所に設けられても良い。また、この無線通信装置210を備える通信システム全体を冷却する対流を生じるファンの気流に沿う方向に正対するように前記吸気口203を配置しても良い。
また無線通信装置が配置される環境に応じて、図24に第3変形例として示されるように、無線通信装置220は、排気口204の鉛直上方に、上面視にて(y軸方向に見て)少なくとも排気口204の開口と重なるように、かつ、排気口204を塞がないように筐体部106の上部との間にy軸方向へ間隔をおいてひさし221を備えても良い。このような構成によれば、ひさし221がレドーム205の内部に雨や雪が入ることを防ぐため、無線通信装置220の耐候性が向上する。また、無線通信装置220は、吸気口203、排気口204をふさぐ通気性の部材を備えていても良い。通気性の部材は例えば金網のようなメッシュ状の部材や、布であっても良いし、他の部材であっても良い。このような構成によれば、レドーム205の内部に異物や雨、雪などが入ることを防ぎ、無線通信装置220の耐久性や耐候性を向上させることができる。
またレドームが、所定の材質で形成される、又は、所定の周波数選択表面を有することにより、無線通信装置は、レドームが無線通信を阻害することを抑制できる。
図26は、本発明の第3実施形態にかかる無線通信装置300の斜視模式図である。第3実施形態にかかる無線通信装置300は、アンテナ素子302が反射面101aに対して起立している点が、第1実施形態に係る無線通信装置100と異なる。第1実施形態にかかる無線通信装置100と同一の構成については、同一の符号を付し、詳細な説明を省く。
図26に示すように、アンテナ素子302の厚さ方向はx軸方向を向いている。そのためアンテナ素子302から放射される電磁波は、同一方向に延在して存在する放熱フィン108に入射する。放熱フィン108は、第1実施形態の無線通信装置100と同様にスリット108a及び架橋導体108bを備えており、特定帯域の電磁波を透過することができる。すなわち、第3実施形態における無線通信装置300は、放熱フィン108が無線通信を阻害することなく、放熱することができる。
個々のアンテナ素子302は、図27に示すように、板状の誘電体基板303と、この誘電体基板303の表面に形成された導体パターンであるアンテナパターン304a及びアンテナパターン304bと、を有している。誘電体基板303は、上記のようにその厚さ方向をx軸方向に向けて配置される。誘電体基板303は、例えばガラスエポキシ樹脂を用いたプリント基板や、LTCCのようなセラミック基板によって形成される。
例えば図28に第1変形例として示すように、反射板101の反射面101aはレドーム205を有していることが好ましい。無線通信装置300がレドーム205を有することで、無線通信装置300は、アンテナ素子302を物理的な衝撃から防ぐことができる。また無線通信装置300がレドーム205を有することで、無線通信装置300は、レドーム205と反射板101とで囲まれる通気流路内の自然対流を促進することができる。なお、アンテナ素子302は、放熱フィン108と前記自然対流に沿って同一方向に延在しているため、自然対流を阻害することはない。
さらに、上記実施形態では、誘電体基板303の一方側の面のみにアンテナパターン304a、及びアンテナパターン304bが設けられた例について説明した。しかしながら、アンテナパターンの態様はこれに限定されず、例えば図29に第2変形例として示すように、誘電体基板303の一方側の面にアンテナパターン304aが設けられ、他方側の面にアンテナパターン304bが設けられても良い。
具体的には、図30及び図31に第3変形例として示すように、アンテナ素子302は、誘電体基板303の表面に略T字状のプリント配線が形成されて構成される。このプリント配線のうち、反射板101(反射面101a)に近接する側の領域はおおむね矩形状をなすことで矩形導体部307を構成する。一方で、反射面101aから離間する側の領域は略C字状をなすことで環状導体部306を構成する。
前記環状導体部306の周方向の他の一部には、給電ビア310を介して給電線311が接続されている。これにより、給電点305から伝送される無線信号が、スプリット共振器に入力される構成となっている。
図33は、本発明の第4実施形態にかかる無線通信装置400の斜視模式図である。また図34は、本発明の第4実施形態に係る無線通信装置400の平面模式図である。第4実施形態にかかる無線通信装置400は、アンテナ素子402がy軸方向に対して傾いている点が、第3実施形態に係る無線通信装置300と異なる。第1実施形態にかかる無線通信装置100と同一の構成については、同一の符号を付し、詳細な説明を省く。
第1素子群L1における第1アンテナ素子402aは、反射面101a上におけるyz平面内で、y軸方向に対して、おおむね45°だけ傾斜した第1の方向に延在している。
一方で、第2素子群L2における第2アンテナ素子402bは、上記の第1の方向に対してyz平面内でおおむね直交する方向(第2の方向)に傾斜している。そして、第1素子群L1は、反射面101a上で第2の方向に間隔を空けて複数配列され、第2素子群L2が第1の方向に間隔を空けて複数配列されている。
それぞれの第1アンテナ素子402aは、第2の方向で互いに隣り合う一対の第2アンテナ素子402b同士の間に配置されている。さらに、反射板101(反射面101a)の法線方向から見て、隣接する一対の第2アンテナ素子402b同士を結ぶ線は、第1アンテナ素子402aの第1の方向における中央を通るように構成されている。ここで、上記のように第2アンテナ素子402bも正方格子状に配列されることから、隣接する一対の第1アンテナ素子402a同士を結ぶ線も、第2アンテナ素子402bの第1の方向における中央を通る。なお、上記の「中央」は、必ずしも厳密である必要はなく、実質的に第1アンテナ素子402a、又は第2アンテナ素子402bを等分する領域を通ればよい。
さらに、第1素子群L1、及び第2素子群L2が上記のように配列されることで、第1アンテナ素子402a、及び第2アンテナ素子402bからの信号放射によって形成される電場、磁場のうち、強度が高い領域同士が重なり合う可能性を低減することができる。
これにより、第1アンテナ素子402aと第2アンテナ素子402bとの電磁的な結合を抑制しつつ、互いを近接させて配置することができる。加えて、上記のような構成によれば、第1アンテナ素子402a、及び第2アンテナ素子402bによって形成される間隙が、y軸に沿ってジグザグ状に蛇行した状態となる。これにより、通気流路中を自然対流によって流れる空気が、第1アンテナ素子402a、及び第2アンテナ素子402bに対して十分に接触するため、無線通信装置400の放熱性能がさらに向上する。
図35~図37は、本発明の第5実施形態にかかる無線通信装置400´を示すものである。図35は第5実施形態の平面模式図で、第5実施形態にかかる無線通信装置400´が、第4実施形態に示される無線通信装置400と構成を異にするのは、y軸方向に平行な放熱フィン108に加え、x軸方向に平行な放熱フィン108を備える点である。
図35のように、第5実施形態の無線通信装置400’は、x軸方向に平行な放熱フィン108をさらに備えることで、鉛直方向(y軸方向)に流れる上昇気流Aと、水平方向(x軸方向)に吹く屋外の風Bの両方を、妨げることなくアンテナ領域に取り込みかつ該アンテナ領域から排出することが可能となり、放熱性能を向上させることが可能となる。
また、図35の構成に限定されず、図36に第1変形例として示すように、第1素子群L1と第2素子群L2が配置されたアンテナ領域を取り囲むように、反射板101の周縁部にて放熱フィン108を放射状に配置する構成としても良い。このように構成することで、上昇気流Aと、屋外の風Bの両方を、妨げることなくアンテナ領域に取り込みかつ該アンテナ領域から排出することが可能となり、放熱性能を向上させることが可能となる。
また図35及び図36の構成に限定されず、これら図35、図36に示した放熱フィン108の配置を組合せて用いる構成としても良い。例えば、アンテナ領域の周囲又は内部において、放熱効率を確認しながら、放熱フィン108を部分的に省略する構成としても良い。
また上記の図35~図37のいずれの構成においても、アンテナ素子402が放射する電磁波は、放熱フィン108に入射する。しかしながら、放熱フィン108は、第1実施形態の無線通信装置100と同様にスリット108a及び架橋導体108bを備えており、特定帯域の電磁波を透過することができる。すなわち、第4及び第5実施形態における無線通信装置400,400´は、放熱フィン108に無線通信を阻害されることなく、放熱することができる。
上述のように、第4及び第5実施形態に係る無線通信装置によれば、アンテナ素子から放射される電磁波を阻害することなく、放熱を行うことができる。また2つの方向に傾斜して延在するアンテナを有するため、偏波ごとに異なるビームを形成することができる。
本発明は、アンテナおよびこれを有する無線通信装置に利用することができる。
この出願は、2017年3月14日に出願された日本出願特願2017-048693を基礎とする優先権を主張し、その開示の全てをここに取り込む。
2…導体フィン、
3…スリット部、
4…架橋導体部、
100,200,210,220,230,300,400…無線通信装置
101…反射板
101a…反射面
102,302,402…アンテナ素子
102R,302R,402R…アレイアンテナ、
106…筐体部、
107…通信用回路
108…放熱フィン
108a…スリット
108b…架橋導体
108c…はんだ(接続部)
201…天板
202…支持部
203,503…吸気口
204,504…排気口
205,505…レドーム
205a 下面板
205b 上面板
211…ファン
221…ひさし
231…放熱器(ヒートシンク)
303…誘電体基板
304a,304b…アンテナパターン(導体パターン)
305…給電点
306…環状導体部
307…矩形導体部
308…スプリット部
309…矩形領域
310…給電ビア
311…給電線
315…導電性ビア
402a…第1アンテナ素子
402b…第2アンテナ素子
403…開口部
E…電磁波
L1…第1素子群
L2…第2素子群
Claims (10)
- 電磁波を反射する反射面が形成されたアンテナ用の反射板と、
前記反射板に対して交差するように接続された少なくとも1つの導体フィンと、
を備え、
前記導体フィンは、前記反射面と交差する方向に前記導体フィンを離間するスリット部を少なくとも1つ備え、
さらに、前記スリット部に、前記スリット部を挟んで離間する前記導体フィンの一部同士を接続させる架橋導体部を、少なくとも1つ備える
放熱機構。 - 前記導体フィンが、
前記スリット部を挟んで離間する前記導体フィン端部の一部に、前記架橋導体部と離間されて接続する、追加導体部をさらに備える
請求項1に記載の放熱機構。 - 前記架橋導体部がメアンダ形状を備える
請求項1または2のいずれか一項に記載の放熱機構。 - 前記スリット部のうち、前記反射面に最も近い前記スリット部と前記反射面との間の距離が、アンテナの放射する電磁波の真空波長の1/4以下である、
請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の放熱機構。 - 前記導体フィンが、複数の導体層を備え、該導体層間が導体ビアで接続されている、
請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の放熱機構。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の放熱機構と、
前記反射面上に配置された1つまたは複数のアンテナと、
前記反射板に接続され、前記アンテナを介して無線信号を送受信する送受信回路と
を備える、
無線通信装置。 - 前記アンテナを覆うように形成され、少なくとも1つの開口を有するレドームをさらに備える
請求項6に記載の無線通信装置。 - 前記レドームは、導電部が規則的に配列された周波数選択表面を有する
請求項7に記載の無線通信装置。 - 前記アンテナは、前記反射面に対して直交する方向に起立している
請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の無線通信装置。 - 前記アンテナは、
第1の方向に延在する複数の第1アンテナ素子からなる第1素子群と、
前記第1の方向に対し直交する第2の方向に延在する複数の第2アンテナ素子からなる第2素子群と、
を有し、
前記第1素子群は、第2の方向に間隔を空けて複数設けられ、前記第2素子群は、前記第1の方向に間隔を空けて複数設けられている、
請求項9に記載の無線通信装置。
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KR1020197026471A KR20190113950A (ko) | 2017-03-14 | 2018-03-09 | 방열 기구 및 무선 통신 장치 |
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WO2022176285A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-17 | 2022-08-25 | 日本電気株式会社 | アンテナ装置及びレドーム |
WO2023181097A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-22 | 2023-09-28 | 日本電気株式会社 | アンテナ装置及びレドーム |
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WO2017086377A1 (ja) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-26 | 日本電気株式会社 | 無線通信装置 |
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