WO2018166216A1 - 被动防护电池模组结构及其制作方法 - Google Patents

被动防护电池模组结构及其制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018166216A1
WO2018166216A1 PCT/CN2017/109409 CN2017109409W WO2018166216A1 WO 2018166216 A1 WO2018166216 A1 WO 2018166216A1 CN 2017109409 W CN2017109409 W CN 2017109409W WO 2018166216 A1 WO2018166216 A1 WO 2018166216A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fireproof
insulating spacer
battery module
substrate
insulating
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PCT/CN2017/109409
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
鲁恒飞
许邦南
林志宏
王永
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合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司
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Application filed by 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 filed Critical 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司
Priority to EP17900751.3A priority Critical patent/EP3598564B1/en
Publication of WO2018166216A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018166216A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0468—Compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of power battery PACK, and particularly relates to a passive protection battery module structure and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • thermal runaway may occur at high temperatures above 120 °C. If the BMS management system fails and the cell is overcharged, there is a risk of accidents that endanger the safety of personnel.
  • the present invention provides a passive protection battery module structure and a manufacturing method thereof, which improves the safety of the ternary battery group, and delays or even avoids the overheating of the individual cells to cause adjacent cells.
  • the technical problem of the chain reaction is a passive protection battery module structure and a manufacturing method thereof, which improves the safety of the ternary battery group, and delays or even avoids the overheating of the individual cells to cause adjacent cells.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a passive protective battery module structure, including: a plurality of batteries 4, a fireproof insulating spacer 3, and a housing;
  • the plurality of cells 4 are disposed inside the casing, and the plurality of cells 4 are further provided with a fireproof insulating spacer 3;
  • the fireproof insulating spacer 3 includes a substrate and is coated on the substrate Fire insulation a coating, the fireproof thermal barrier coating being a heat-resistant foaming material.
  • the substrate of the fireproof insulating spacer 3 is a mica sheet having a thickness of 0.2 mm ⁇ 0.02 mm; the fireproof heat insulating coating has a thickness of 0.3 mm ⁇ 0.03 mm; and one side of the mica sheet is coated. It is covered with a fireproof thermal barrier coating, and the other side is coated with a backing glue, which is suitable for bonding with the battery core 4 adjacent to the mica sheet.
  • the fireproof thermal insulation coating on the fireproof and insulating spacer 3 is evenly coated on the substrate, and the fireproof thermal insulation coating foams at a preset temperature state and absorbs heat transferred by the substrate. .
  • the housing includes an end plate 1 at both ends and a side plate 2 on the side; the plurality of cells 4, a fire-insulating insulating spacer 3 disposed between the plurality of cells, and ends at both ends
  • the plate 1 is integrally bonded by a highly viscous double-sided tape, and the end plate 1 and the side plate 2 are riveted by rivets.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for fabricating the above-described passive protection battery module structure, including:
  • a fireproof insulating spacer 3 is fixedly disposed between the plurality of cells 4; the fireproof insulating spacer 3 includes a substrate and a fireproof thermal insulation coating coated on the substrate, the fireproof thermal insulation coating The layer is a heat-expandable foam material;
  • the fixing the fireproof and insulating spacer 3 between the plurality of cells 4 includes:
  • the plurality of cells 4 and the fire-insulating insulating spacer 3 therebetween are bonded by a highly viscous double-sided tape and fixed by pressure transmitted by the end plates 1 at both ends.
  • the method further comprises: after applying a fireproof thermal insulation coating on the substrate of the fireproof and insulating spacer 3, the corona heat treatment coating is corona treated.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a passive protection battery module structure and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • a passive protective battery module structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the fire-insulating and insulating spacer separates the cells in the battery module by two, and the spacer itself is subjected to high temperature through the mica sheet and the fireproof heat-insulating coating.
  • the heat absorption characteristics of the bubble achieve excellent thermal insulation effect, so that in the extreme case that the individual cells in the module are overcharged and thermally out of control under high temperature conditions, the other adjacent cells can be effectively delayed or prevented from being overheated.
  • the risk of out-of-control heat and even the risk of explosion-proof valves opening up, so that the time of thermal runaway of other adjacent cells can be greater than the time required for the people on board to escape, thus ensuring the safety of personnel.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a 20-cell passive protection battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded view of a 20-cell passive protection battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fireproof and heat insulating separator provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing a fireproof and heat insulating separator provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a structure of a passive protective battery module, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, which may specifically include: a plurality of cells 4, a fireproof insulating spacer 3, and a casing;
  • a plurality of cells 4 are disposed inside the casing, and a plurality of fire cells 7 may be disposed between the plurality of cells 4;
  • the fire insulation gasket 3 includes a substrate 31 and fireproof and heat insulation coated on the substrate.
  • Coating 32, the fireproof thermal insulation coating is a heat-expandable foaming material.
  • the fire-insulating and insulating spacer separates the cells in the battery module by two, and the spacer itself is subjected to high temperature through the mica sheet and the fireproof heat-insulating coating.
  • the heat absorption characteristics of the bubble achieve excellent thermal insulation effect, so that in the extreme case that the individual cells in the module are overcharged and thermally out of control under high temperature conditions, it can effectively delay or avoid the occurrence of the same overheating of other adjacent cells.
  • the risk of thermal runaway and even the risk of opening the explosion-proof valve can make the time of thermal runaway of other adjacent cells more than the time required for the vehicle to escape, thus ensuring the safety of personnel.
  • the substrate 31 of the fire-insulating insulating spacer 3 herein may be a mica sheet having a thickness of 0.2 mm ⁇ 0.02 mm, for example, 0.2 mm.
  • the fire-resistant thermal barrier coating herein may have a thickness of 0.3 mm ⁇ 0.03 mm, for example 0.3 mm.
  • one side of the mica sheet may be coated with a fireproof heat-insulating coating, and the other side is coated with a backing, which may be used for bonding the cells 4 adjacent to the fire-insulating insulating sheet 3, thereby It can be firmly fixed with the battery core 4.
  • the fireproof thermal insulation coating on the fireproof insulating spacer 3 can be evenly coated on the substrate 31, and the fireproof thermal barrier coating 32 can be at a preset temperature (for example, at a temperature of 120 ° C).
  • the housing here may comprise an end plate 1 at both ends and a side panel 2 on the side.
  • the plurality of cells 4, the fire-insulating and insulating spacer 3 disposed between the plurality of cells 4, and the end plates 1 at both ends can be integrally bonded by the high-viscosity double-sided tape to form a firm and fixed whole.
  • the end plate 1 and the side plate 2 can be riveted by rivets, thereby encapsulating the battery core 4 and the fireproof insulating spacer 3 inside the casing.
  • the passive protection battery module structure provided by the above embodiments can have various embodiments, and one of the optional embodiments is described in detail below with reference to FIGS.
  • a passive safety battery module structure of 20 batteries in the embodiment comprising two end plates 1, two side plates 2, 19 pieces of fireproof insulation spacers 3, 20 ternary VDA batteries 4, 20 Only one end plate 1 is provided at each end of the VDA battery core 4, and the battery unit 4 and the spacer 3 are pressed to the required size by the pressing device and are reliably and firmly bonded by the double-sided adhesive, and then the end plate is passed through the stainless steel rivet.
  • the side panels 2 are riveted and fixed together.
  • the fire-insulating and insulating partition 3 separates 20 batteries 4 and two, and the fire-insulating insulating sheet 3 and the battery core 4 are firmly bonded by the separator 3, the backing layer 33 and the high-viscosity double-sided adhesive.
  • the riveting hole size of the design side plate 2 is a size value when the battery core 4 and the spacer 3 are pressed to the required size when the pre-pressure is greater than 100 Kg, and the riveting hole on the side plate 2 and the riveting on the end plate 1 are just right.
  • the holes are aligned and riveted into a unitary frame using stainless steel rivets that are resistant to shear.
  • the fireproof insulating spacer is composed of a base mica sheet 31, a fireproof heat insulating coating 32, and a backing layer 33 on the back of the mica sheet.
  • the matrix mica sheet 31 has a mica content of >90% and a bending strength of ⁇ 160 MPa, which satisfies the separation.
  • the thermal and insulating effects ensure a certain mechanical strength and meet the strength requirements of the fire-resistant thermal barrier coating on the substrate.
  • the chemical composition of the fireproof and heat-insulating coating 32 is a polymer structure which can rapidly foam at a high temperature to absorb a large amount of heat, and achieves the purpose of fireproof and heat insulation through a chemical foaming mechanism.
  • the double-sided adhesive between the battery core 4 and the fire-insulating insulating spacer 3 and the adhesive layer 33 on the fire-proof and heat-insulating spacer 3 are required to withstand a high temperature of 80 ° C or higher, and satisfy the viscosity of 80 ° C under high temperature conditions > 24 hrs / 0.5Kg.
  • the structure of the passive protection battery module of the embodiment is characterized in that the safety of the module is greatly improved by adding a spacer with better fireproof and heat insulation performance between the battery core and the battery core in the module, so that the module is extremely individual.
  • the abnormality of the battery core will not spread to the cells of the entire module, and will not pose a threat to personnel safety.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for fabricating the above-described passive protective battery module structure, including:
  • the fireproof insulating spacer 3 comprises a substrate and a fireproof thermal insulation coating coated on the substrate, and the fireproof thermal insulation coating is foamed by heat. material;
  • the step of fixing the fire-insulating insulating spacer 3 between the plurality of cells 4 in step S102 may specifically include: passing the plurality of cells 4 and the fire-insulating insulating spacer 3 therebetween through high-adhesive double-sided adhesive. Connected and fixed by the pressure transmitted by the end plates 1 at both ends.
  • the method may further include: after applying the fireproof thermal barrier coating on the substrate of the fireproof and insulating spacer 3, the corona heat treatment coating is corona treated. This has the advantage of ensuring a firm and reliable bond to the cell through the double-sided tape.
  • the manufacturing method provided in this embodiment is the manufacturing method of the passive protection battery module according to the first aspect.
  • the manufacturing method provided in this embodiment is also changed accordingly, and is not specifically limited herein.
  • the fireproof and heat insulating spacer separates the inner cells of the battery module by two, and the spacer itself passes through the mica sheet and the fireproof partition.
  • the high-temperature foaming endothermic property of the thermal coating achieves excellent heat insulation effect, so that in the extreme cases where the individual cells in the module are overcharged and thermally out of control at high temperatures, it can effectively delay or avoid adjacent others.
  • the battery is exposed to the same overheating and the risk of thermal runaway is even the risk of the explosion-proof valve being opened, so that the time of thermal runaway of other adjacent cells can be greater than the time required for the vehicle to escape, thus ensuring the safety of personnel.
  • the invention provides a battery module structure with passive safety protection and a manufacturing method thereof, and relates to the technical field of power battery PACK.
  • the fire-insulating and insulating spacer separates the cells in the battery module, and the spacer itself is excellent in high-temperature foaming heat absorption characteristics of the mica sheet and the fireproof heat-insulating coating.
  • the heat insulation effect can effectively delay or avoid the risk of thermal runaway of adjacent other cells in the extreme cases of overcharge and thermal runaway under high temperature conditions in the module.
  • the risk of opening the top causes the thermal loss of control of other adjacent cells to be greater than the time required for the vehicle to escape, thus ensuring the safety of personnel with excellent industrial application prospects.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种带被动安全防护的电池模组结构及其制作方法，涉及动力电池PACK技术领域。在该被动防护电池模组结构中，防火隔热隔片（3）将电池模组内电芯两两隔开，隔片（3）本身通过云母片（31）及防火隔热涂层（32）的受高温发泡吸热特性实现卓越的隔热效果，从而在模组内个别电芯在高温情况下出现过充、热失控等极端情况下，能够有效地延缓或避免相邻其他电芯出现同样过热而出现热失控的风险甚至防爆阀顶开的风险，使得其相邻的其他电芯出现热失控的时间能够大于车上人员逃生所需的时间，进而确保人员生命安全。

Description

被动防护电池模组结构及其制作方法 技术领域
本发明属于动力电池PACK技术领域，具体涉及一种被动防护电池模组结构及其制作方法。
背景技术
随着动力汽车的普及和推广，安全性成为人们越来越关注的重点，特别是三元电池，能量密度较铁锂电池有明显优势，但在安全性方面又不及铁锂。随着新能源汽车补贴的退坡，最新发布的补贴政策更是将补贴与电动汽车电池系统能量密度挂钩，传统意义上的铁锂电池已经不能适应越来越高的能量密度要求了。
由于三元电芯的化学成分活性较强，在120℃以上的高温情况下即可能出现热失控等情况，BMS管理系统失效而对电芯进行过充也有可能出现危害人员安全的事故风险。
因此如何在应用三元电芯满足整包电池组能量密度高于120Wh/Kg的同时提高三元电芯成组的安全性，如何在个别电芯出现过热等极端情况下仍可确保车上人员的安全成为亟待解决的课题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种被动防护电池模组结构及其制作方法，提高了三元电芯成组的安全性，并延缓甚至避免极个别电芯过热造成相邻电芯的连锁反应的技术问题。
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
第一方面，本发明的一个实施例提供了一种被动防护电池模组结构，包括：多个电芯4、防火隔热隔片3以及壳体；
所述多个电芯4设置在壳体内部，所述多个电芯4之间还设置有防火隔热隔片3；所述防火隔热隔片3包括基板以及涂覆在所述基板上的防火隔热 涂层，所述防火隔热涂层为遇热发泡材料。
可选地，所述防火隔热隔片3的基板为云母片，厚度为0.2mm±0.02mm；所述防火隔热涂层的厚度为0.3mm±0.03mm；所述云母片的一侧涂覆有防火隔热涂层，另一侧涂覆有背胶，适于与所述云母片相邻的电芯4粘接。
可选地，所述防火隔热隔片3上的防火隔热涂层均匀涂覆在所述基板上，防火隔热涂层在预设的温度状态下发泡并吸收所述基板传导的热量。
可选地，所述壳体包括两端的端板1以及侧面的侧板2；所述多个电芯4、设置在所述多个电芯之间的防火隔热隔片3以及两端的端板1通过高粘性双面胶一体粘接而成，所述端板1与侧板2通过铆钉铆接。
第二方面，本发明的一个实施例又提供了一种制作上述被动防护电池模组结构的制作方法，包括：
在壳体内设置多个电芯4；
在所述多个电芯4之间固定设置防火隔热隔片3；所述防火隔热隔片3包括基板以及涂覆在所述基板上的防火隔热涂层，所述防火隔热涂层为遇热发泡材料；
在壳体两端的端板1上施加朝向所述电芯4且大于预设压力值的压力，使得两侧的端板1朝向所述电芯4的方向移动，在到达限位后用铆钉将所述端板1与壳体的侧板2固定。
可选地，所述在所述多个电芯4之间固定设置防火隔热隔片3，包括：
所述多个电芯4与其之间的防火隔热隔片3通过高粘性双面胶粘接，并经过由所述两端的端板1传导的压力固定。
可选地，所述方法还包括：在所述防火隔热隔片3的基板上涂覆防火隔热涂层后，对所述防火隔热涂层作电晕处理。
本发明实施例提供了一种被动防护电池模组结构及其制作方法。在本发明的一个实施例提供的被动防护电池模组结构中，防火隔热隔片将电池模组内电芯两两隔开，隔片本身通过云母片及防火隔热涂层的受高温发泡吸热特性实现卓越的隔热效果，从而在模组内个别电芯在高温情况下出现过充、热失控等极端情况下，能够有效地延缓或避免相邻其他电芯出现同样过热而出 现热失控的风险甚至防爆阀顶开的风险，使得其相邻的其他电芯出现热失控的时间能够大于车上人员逃生所需的时间，进而确保人员生命安全。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施例提供的20只电芯被动防护电池模组结构示意图；
图2是本发明的一个实施例提供的20只电芯被动防护电池模组结构爆炸示意图；
图3是本发明的一个实施例提供的防火隔热隔片结构示意图；
图4是本发明的一个实施例提供的防火隔热隔片局部放大结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
第一方面，本发明的一个实施例提供了一种被动防护电池模组结构，如图1～4所示，可以具体包括：多个电芯4、防火隔热隔片3以及壳体；
其中，多个电芯4设置在壳体内部，多个电芯4之间还可以设置有防火隔热隔片3；防火隔热隔片3包括基板31以及涂覆在基板上的防火隔热涂层32，防火隔热涂层为遇热发泡材料。
在本发明的一个实施例提供的被动防护电池模组结构中，防火隔热隔片将电池模组内电芯两两隔开，隔片本身通过云母片及防火隔热涂层的受高温发泡吸热特性实现卓越的隔热效果，从而在模组内个别电芯在高温情况下出现过充、热失控等极端情况下，能够有效地延缓或避免相邻其他电芯出现同样过热而出现热失控的风险甚至防爆阀顶开的风险，使得其相邻的其他电芯出现热失控的时间能够大于车上人员逃生所需的时间，进而确保人员生命安全。
在具体实施时，这里的防火隔热隔片3的基板31可以为云母片，其厚度可以为0.2mm±0.02mm，例如可以为0.2mm。这里的防火隔热涂层的厚度可以为0.3mm±0.03mm，例如可以为0.3mm。这里的云母片的一侧可以涂覆有防火隔热涂层，另一侧涂覆有背胶，该背胶可以用于与该防火隔热隔片3相邻的电芯4粘接，从而能够与电芯4牢固固定在一起。
在具体实施时，防火隔热隔片3上的防火隔热涂层可以均匀地涂覆在基板31上，该防火隔热涂层32可以在预设的温度状态下(例如在120℃的温度下)快速发泡从而大量地吸收基板传导的热量，通过化学的发泡机理实现防火隔热的目的。
在具体实施时，这里的壳体可以包括两端的端板1以及侧面的侧板2。其中，多个电芯4、设置在多个电芯4之间的防火隔热隔片3以及两端的端板1可以通过高粘性双面胶一体粘接而成，从而形成一个牢固固定的整体；端板1与侧板2可以通过铆钉铆接，从而将电芯4以及防火隔热隔片3封装在壳体内部。
可以理解的是，上述实施例提供的被动防护电池模组结构可以有多种实施方式，下面结合附图1-4对其中一种可选的实施方式进行详细完整的介绍。
本实施例的一种20只电芯的被动安全电池模组结构，包括两块端板1、两块侧板2、19片防火隔热隔片3、20只三元VDA电芯4，20只VDA电芯4两端各有一块端板1，通过加压装置保证电芯4及隔片3压到要求的尺寸且通过双面胶粘接可靠牢固，再通过不锈钢铆钉将端板1、侧板2铆接固定在一起。
防火隔热隔片3将20只电芯4两两隔开，防火隔热隔片3与电芯4通过隔片3、背胶层33及高粘性双面胶粘接牢固粘接。设计侧板2的铆接孔尺寸为满足预压力大于100Kg压力情况下电芯4及隔片3压到要求尺寸时的尺寸值，此时刚好侧板2上的铆接孔与端板1上的铆接孔对齐，再利用耐剪切力强的不锈钢铆钉铆接为一整体框架。
防火隔热隔片由基体云母片31、防火隔热涂层32以及云母片背面的背胶层33组成。基体云母片31云母含量＞90％，弯曲强度≥160MPa，满足隔 热和绝缘效果的同时保证一定的机械强度，满足防火隔热涂层涂覆对基体的强度要求。防火隔热涂层32化学成分为可在高温情况下快速发泡从而大量吸收热量的高分子结构，通过化学的发泡机理实现防火隔热的目的。防火隔热涂层32涂覆在云母片31上以后要做电晕处理，保证通过双面胶与电芯的粘接牢固可靠。电芯4与防火隔热隔片3之间的双面胶及防火隔热隔片3上的背胶层33均要求耐80℃以上的高温，且满足80℃高温条件下持粘＞24hrs/0.5Kg。
本实施例的被动防护电池模组结构通过在模组内电芯与电芯之间加入防火隔热性能较优的隔片，从而极大提高了模组的安全性，使模组内极个别电芯的异常不会扩散到整个模组的电芯，更不会对人员安全造成威胁。
第二方面，本发明的一个实施例提供了一种制作上述被动防护电池模组结构的制作方法，包括：
S101、在壳体内设置多个电芯4；
S102、在多个电芯4之间固定设置防火隔热隔片3；防火隔热隔片3包括基板以及涂覆在基板上的防火隔热涂层，防火隔热涂层为遇热发泡材料；
S103、在壳体两端的端板1上施加朝向电芯4且大于预设压力值的压力，使得两侧的端板1朝向电芯4的方向移动，在到达限位后用铆钉将端板1与壳体的侧板2固定。
其中，步骤S102中在多个电芯4之间固定设置防火隔热隔片3的步骤可以具体包括：将多个电芯4与其之间的防火隔热隔片3通过高粘性双面胶粘接，并经过由两端的端板1传导的压力固定。
此外，该方法还可以包括：在所述防火隔热隔片3的基板上涂覆防火隔热涂层后，对所述防火隔热涂层作电晕处理。这样做的好处是，能够保证通过双面胶与电芯的粘接牢固可靠。
需要说明的是，本实施例提供的制作方法为制作第一方面所述的被动防护电池模组的制作方法，在第一方面所述的被动防护电池模组的结构有所改变时，相应地，本实施例提供的制作方法也会进行相应的改变，在此不做具体限定。
综上所述：在本发明实施例提供的被动防护电池模组结构及其制作方法中，防火隔热隔片将电池模组内电芯两两隔开，隔片本身通过云母片及防火隔热涂层的受高温发泡吸热特性实现卓越的隔热效果，从而在模组内个别电芯在高温情况下出现过充、热失控等极端情况下，能够有效地延缓或避免相邻其他电芯出现同样过热而出现热失控的风险甚至防爆阀顶开的风险，使得其相邻的其他电芯出现热失控的时间能够大于车上人员逃生所需的时间，进而确保人员生命安全。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
工业实用性
本发明提供了一种带被动安全防护的电池模组结构及其制作方法,涉及动力电池PACK技术领域。在该被动防护电池模组结构中，防火隔热隔片将电池模组内电芯两两隔开，隔片本身通过云母片及防火隔热涂层的受高温发泡吸热特性实现卓越的隔热效果，从而在模组内个别电芯在高温情况下出现过充、热失控等极端情况下，能够有效地延缓或避免相邻其他电芯出现同样过热而出现热失控的风险甚至防爆阀顶开的风险，使得其相邻的其他电芯出现热失控的时间能够大于车上人员逃生所需的时间，进而确保人员生命安全具有极好的工业应用前景。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种被动防护电池模组结构，其特征在于，包括：多个电芯(4)、防火隔热隔片(3)以及壳体；
    所述多个电芯(4)设置在壳体内部，所述多个电芯(4)之间还设置有防火隔热隔片(3)；
    所述防火隔热隔片(3)包括基板(31)以及涂覆在所述基板上的防火隔热涂层(32)，所述防火隔热涂层(32)为遇热发泡材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的被动防护电池模组结构，其特征在于：所述防火隔热隔片(3)的基板(31)为云母片，厚度为0.2mm±0.02mm；所述防火隔热涂层(32)的厚度为0.3mm±0.03mm；
    所述云母片的一侧涂覆有防火隔热涂层(32)，另一侧涂覆有背胶(33)，适于与所述防火隔热隔片(3)相邻的电芯(4)粘接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的被动防护电池模组结构，其特征在于：所述防火隔热隔片(3)上的防火隔热涂层均匀涂覆在所述基板(31)上，防火隔热涂层(32)在预设的温度状态下发泡并吸收所述基板传导的热量。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的被动防护电池模组结构，其特征在于，所述壳体包括两端的端板(1)以及侧面的侧板(2)；
    所述多个电芯(4)、设置在所述多个电芯之间的防火隔热隔片(3)以及两端的端板(1)通过高粘性双面胶一体粘接而成，所述端板(1)与侧板(2)通过铆钉铆接。
  5. 一种制作如权利要求1-4任一所述被动防护电池模组结构的制作方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在壳体内设置多个电芯(4)；
    在所述多个电芯(4)之间固定设置防火隔热隔片(3)；所述防火隔热隔片(3)包括基板以及涂覆在所述基板上的防火隔热涂层，所述防火隔热涂层为遇热发泡材料；
    在壳体两端的端板(1)上施加朝向所述电芯(4)且大于预设压力值的压力，使得两侧的端板(1)朝向所述电芯(4)的方向移动，在到达限位后 用铆钉将所述端板(1)与壳体的侧板(2)固定。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述在所述多个电芯(4)之间固定设置防火隔热隔片(3)，包括：
    所述多个电芯(4)与其之间的防火隔热隔片(3)通过高粘性双面胶粘接，并经过由所述两端的端板(1)传导的压力固定。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在所述防火隔热隔片(3)的基板上涂覆防火隔热涂层后，对所述防火隔热涂层作电晕处理。
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