WO2018159599A1 - 遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法 - Google Patents
遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018159599A1 WO2018159599A1 PCT/JP2018/007216 JP2018007216W WO2018159599A1 WO 2018159599 A1 WO2018159599 A1 WO 2018159599A1 JP 2018007216 W JP2018007216 W JP 2018007216W WO 2018159599 A1 WO2018159599 A1 WO 2018159599A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transition metal
- isocyanide
- group
- formula
- producing
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title claims description 46
- -1 isocyanide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000799 K alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008054 sulfonate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 150000002527 isonitriles Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 45
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 24
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- FAGLEPBREOXSAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl isocyanide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[N+]#[C-] FAGLEPBREOXSAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 13
- CWZOMTYLSNXUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) cyanide Chemical compound [Co+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] CWZOMTYLSNXUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- AVWLPUQJODERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diiodide Chemical compound [Co+2].[I-].[I-] AVWLPUQJODERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- PNLRXQFLTHXBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-isocyano-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C([N+]#[C-])C(C)=C1 PNLRXQFLTHXBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Br-].[Br-] GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000022244 formylation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006170 formylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- OXNSNGFUWQVOKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dicyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] OXNSNGFUWQVOKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlorotungsten Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)Cl YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PDJQCHVMABBNQW-MIXQCLKLSA-L (1z,5z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;rhodium;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh].[Rh].C\1C\C=C/CC\C=C/1.C\1C\C=C/CC\C=C/1 PDJQCHVMABBNQW-MIXQCLKLSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021585 Nickel(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UTYYEGLZLFAFDI-FDGPNNRMSA-L cobalt(2+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Co+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O UTYYEGLZLFAFDI-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VBXHMSMVQZJJLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);propan-2-olate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] VBXHMSMVQZJJLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Co]Br BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC=CC=C1 MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGJLOGNVZGRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F PGJLOGNVZGRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- MJGFBOZCAJSGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Hg] MJGFBOZCAJSGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- TXCOQXKFOPSCPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+);tetraacetate Chemical compound [Mo+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O TXCOQXKFOPSCPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);dibromide Chemical compound [Ni+2].[Br-].[Br-] IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VPFBCUIADIOILN-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);tricyanide Chemical compound [C-]#[N+][Rh]([N+]#[C-])[N+]#[C-] VPFBCUIADIOILN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001023 sodium amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOYIPGHJSALYPY-UHFFFAOYSA-K vanadium(iii) bromide Chemical compound [V+3].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-] ZOYIPGHJSALYPY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DERITGPZODCLBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,12-diisocyanododecane Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]#[C-] DERITGPZODCLBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWIJATBHHFILLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diisocyanobenzene Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]#[C-] PWIJATBHHFILLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRMVIUBUSUHMND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diisocyanocyclohexane Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]C1CCCCC1[N+]#[C-] ZRMVIUBUSUHMND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDGHHRGDHFMRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diisocyanoethane Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]CC[N+]#[C-] UDGHHRGDHFMRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTBCCXURHCRKGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tritert-butyl-2-isocyanobenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C([N+]#[C-])C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 JTBCCXURHCRKGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002751 molybdenum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UOEPBGZRWKRQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum(4+);tetracyanide Chemical compound [C-]#[N+][Mo]([N+]#[C-])([N+]#[C-])[N+]#[C-] UOEPBGZRWKRQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- FSBLVBBRXSCOKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl isocyanide Chemical compound CCCC[N+]#[C-] FSBLVBBRXSCOKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- FFDKYFGBIQQMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl isocyanide Chemical compound CCC[N+]#[C-] FFDKYFGBIQQMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004998 naphthylethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)CC* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLEUXPOVZGDKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dicyanide Chemical compound [Ni+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] NLEUXPOVZGDKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010007425 oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- RCIBIGQXGCBBCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanide Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]C1=CC=CC=C1 RCIBIGQXGCBBCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004344 phenylpropyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017807 phytochemicals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950010765 pivalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930000223 plant secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZBJSHDVMDCJOEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;1h-naphthalen-1-ide Chemical compound [K+].[C-]1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 ZBJSHDVMDCJOEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGHBATFHNDZKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-olate Chemical compound CC(C)[O-] OGHBATFHNDZKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNKGEWJZNCQINU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(3+);tricyanide Chemical class [Ru+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] PNKGEWJZNCQINU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003657 tungsten Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003681 vanadium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/06—Cobalt compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C291/00—Compounds containing carbon and nitrogen and having functional groups not covered by groups C07C201/00 - C07C281/00
- C07C291/10—Isocyanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F11/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/006—Palladium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0073—Rhodium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0086—Platinum compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/02—Iron compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/04—Nickel compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a transition metal-isocyanide complex.
- An isocyanide or isonitrile compound (hereinafter collectively referred to as an isocyanide compound) is a compound having an isocyano group composed of a triple bond of carbon and nitrogen, but this isocyanide compound is different from a nitrile compound on the carbon. It is known that a shared electron pair has a substituent on nitrogen and has an isoelectronic structure with a carbon monoxide ligand. From this feature, isocyanide compounds have been used as reaction intermediates for various nitrogen-containing compounds for a long time, and have been used as ligands for transition metal complexes as well as carbon monoxide.
- Non-patent Document 2 a hydrosilylation catalyst using biscyclooctatetraenyl iron and an isocyanide compound as a ligand has been reported.
- Non-patent Document 3 A hydrosilylation catalyst using iron pivalate or cobalt pivalate and an isocyanide compound as a ligand has also been reported (Non-patent Document 3), and an isocyanide compound is useful as a ligand for a catalyst in a hydrosilylation reaction. It is shown that there is. However, all examples are still insufficient as catalytic activity, and development of a catalyst having higher catalytic activity is desired.
- Non-Patent Documents 4 to 7 a complex with a zero oxidation number is close to a catalytically active species. That is, it is expected that the catalytic activity is improved when a zero-valent transition metal complex having an isocyanide compound as a ligand is used as a catalyst.
- Zero-valent transition metal complexes having an isocyanide compound as a ligand are obtained by reacting, for example, a halide salt, acetate salt, or hexafluorophosphate, an isocyanide compound, and sodium amalgam or potassium amalgam as a reducing agent.
- a halide salt, acetate salt, or hexafluorophosphate an isocyanide compound
- sodium amalgam or potassium amalgam as a reducing agent.
- Non-Patent Documents 10, 16 to 20 a method of synthesizing a zero-valent transition metal complex having carbon monoxide as a ligand and an isocyanide compound has been reported (Non-Patent Documents 10, 16 to 20).
- aromatic isocyanide compounds it is possible to replace all carbonyl ligands with isocyanide ligands, but with aliphatic isocyanide compounds it is difficult, and this reaction produces highly toxic carbon monoxide. appear.
- a method of reacting a zero-valent transition metal complex precursor having a substitutable ligand other than carbon monoxide with an isocyanide compound has been reported (Non-Patent Documents 21 to 26). Unstable to air and water and difficult to handle.
- Non-patent Documents 27 and 28 An example in which an art type (or ionic structure) transition metal complex having an isocyanide compound as a ligand is used as a complex precursor has been reported (Non-patent Documents 27 and 28). Sodium amalgam containing mercury is used in synthesizing the complex, and the high toxicity becomes a problem as in the above technique. Furthermore, although the synthesis example which uses potassium naphthalenide as a reducing agent is reported (nonpatent literature 29), it is necessary to process a lot of naphthalene produced
- This invention is made
- the present inventors have found that a compound containing a predetermined transition metal and a predetermined isocyanide compound are present in the presence of an alkali metal supported on a solid substance unnecessary for an organic solvent. As a result, the reaction proceeds under mild conditions, and the alkali metal supported on the solid substance is insoluble in the organic solvent.
- the present inventors have found that a transition metal-isocyanide complex can be produced efficiently and safely, and completed the present invention.
- a compound containing a transition metal selected from V, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd and Pt and an isocyanide compound represented by the following formula (1) are insoluble in an organic solvent.
- R 1 may be substituted with a halogen atom, and one or more atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and silicon may be present.
- M 1 represents a trivalent organic group, and x represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- M 1 a (L) b (2) (In Formula (2), M 1 is V, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, or Pt having an oxidation number of 0, and L is the formula (1). And M 1 and L may be the same as or different from each other, a represents an integer of 1 to 8, and b represents an integer of 2 to 12.) 2.
- the transition metal-containing compound includes transition metal oxides, transition metal acids or salts thereof, and transition metal halide salts, oxo acid salts, carboxylate salts, sulfonate salts, alkoxide salts, ⁇ -diketonate salts, amide salts.
- a process for producing one transition metal-isocyanide complex which is at least one selected from tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate, 3.
- the formula (2) when a is 1, b is an integer of 2 to 6, when a is 2, b is an integer of 4 to 10, and when a is an integer of 3 to 8, b is 4 to A process for producing a transition metal-isocyanide complex of any one of 1 to 3, which is an integer of 12, 5).
- M 1 is Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, or Pt; 7).
- b when a is 1, b is an integer of 2 to 6, when a is 2, b is 4 or an integer of 8 to 10, and when a is an integer of 3 to 8, b is A process for producing a transition metal-isocyanide complex of any one of 1 to 6, which is 4, 6, 7, 10 or 12; 8).
- R 1 in the formula (1) is at least one carbon atom selected from a t-butyl group, a 1-adamantyl group, a mesityl group, a phenyl group, a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group, and a 2,6-diisopropylphenyl group.
- a process for producing a transition metal-isocyanide complex of any one of 1 to 16 wherein the solid substance insoluble in the organic solvent is at least one selected from graphite and silica gel; 18.
- Provided is a method for producing a transition metal-isocyanide complex of any one of 1 to 17, wherein the alkali metal is at least one selected from sodium, potassium, and a sodium-potassium alloy.
- the method for producing a transition metal-isocyanide complex of the present invention is safe because there is no release of mercury and carbon monoxide harmful to the human body, and it is not necessary to use a precursor unstable to air or water. Since the alkali metal supported on the solid substance insoluble in the organic solvent can be removed only by this, it is a simple and efficient method. Furthermore, in the production method of the present invention, a transition metal complex is produced by using an alkali metal supported on a solid substance insoluble in an organic solvent in which the danger caused by water-absorptive properties and high oxygen reactivity specific to the alkali metal is reduced. It is extremely useful because it can minimize the danger in the event.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Co 2 (CNAd) 8 obtained in Example 5.
- FIG. 2 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Co 2 (CNMes) 8 obtained in Example 6.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Fe (CN t Bu) 5 obtained in Example 10.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Fe (CNAd) 5 obtained in Example 11.
- FIG. 2 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Fe (CNMes) 5 obtained in Example 12.
- FIG. 2 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Ni (CN t Bu) 4 obtained in Example 13.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Pd 3 (CNAd) 6 obtained in Example 14.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of a Pt-isocyanide complex obtained in Example 15.
- FIG. 2 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Rh 2 (CNMes) 8 obtained in Example 16.
- FIG. 2 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Mo (CN t Bu) 6 obtained in Example 20.
- FIG. 2 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Ru (CN t Bu) 5 obtained in Example 21.
- FIG. 2 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of W (CN t Bu) 6 obtained in Example 22.
- FIG. 2 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of a crude product containing V (CN t Bu) 6 obtained in Example 23.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of Pd 3 (CNAd) 6 obtained in Example 14.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of
- the method for producing a transition metal-isocyanide complex comprises a compound containing a transition metal and a compound represented by formula (1): (CN) x -R 1 (1)
- the isocyanide compound represented by the formula (I) is reacted in the presence of an alkali metal supported on a solid substance insoluble in an organic solvent.
- the transition metal used in the present invention is V, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, or Pt, and preferably Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, or Pt, and more preferably Fe, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, or Pt.
- the compound containing a transition metal is not particularly limited as long as it is reduced by reacting with an alkali metal supported on a solid substance insoluble in an organic solvent, for example, a transition metal oxide; Transition metal acids such as chloroplatinic acid and chloroauric acid or salts thereof; transition metal oxoacid salts such as sulfate, carbonate and phosphate; transition metal halides such as fluoride, chloride, bromide salt and iodide Salts; transition metal alkoxide salts such as methoxide, ethoxide, isopropoxide; transition metal carboxylates such as acetate, pivalate and 2-ethylhexanoate; transition metal ⁇ -diketonate salts such as acetylacetonate; para Transition metal sulfonates such as toluene sulfonate and trifluoromethane sulfonate; Transition metal amide salts such as bistrimethylsilylamide; Transition metal
- M 2 represents Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, or Pt
- X represents a halogen atom or a group represented by the following formula (4).
- C is a number that varies depending on the oxidation number of the transition metal, and is an integer of 1 to 6.
- R 2 may be substituted with a halogen atom, and one or more atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and silicon may be present, and the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 30 Represents a monovalent organic group.
- the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- the monovalent to trivalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but a monovalent to trivalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Specific examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, an aralkyl group, and the like.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl.
- N-butyl isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl
- a linear or branched alkyl group such as n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosanyl group; cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, nor
- the alkenyl group is preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include ethenyl, n-1-propenyl, n-2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, n-1-butenyl, n-2 -Butenyl, n-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethylethenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, n-1-pentenyl N-1-decenyl, n-1-eicosenyl group and the like.
- the alkynyl group is preferably an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include ethynyl, n-1-propynyl, n-2-propynyl, n-1-butynyl, n-2-butynyl, n -3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, n-1-pentynyl, n-2-pentynyl, n-3-pentynyl, n-4-pentynyl, 1-methyl-n-butynyl, 2-methyl-n -Butynyl, 3-methyl-n-butynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-propynyl, n-1-hexynyl, n-1-decynyl, n-1-pentadecynyl, n-1-eicosinyl group and the like.
- the aryl or alkylaryl group is preferably an aryl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkylaryl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, anthryl, Examples include phenanthryl, o-biphenylyl, m-biphenylyl, p-biphenylyl, tolyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, mesityl group and the like.
- the aralkyl group is preferably an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, naphthylmethyl, naphthylethyl, And a naphthylpropyl group.
- Examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group include an alkylene group, an arylene group, and an aralkylene group.
- the alkylene group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, n-butylene and isobutylene.
- arylene group examples include o-phenylene, m-phenylene, p-phenylene, 1,2-naphthylene, 1,8-naphthylene, 2,3-naphthylene, and 4,4′-biphenylene group.
- aralkylene group examples include — (CH 2 ) y —Ar— (Ar represents an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and y represents an integer of 1 to 10), —Ar— (CH 2 ) y- (Ar and y are as defined above),-(CH 2 ) y -Ar- (CH 2 ) y- (Ar is as defined above; And the same meaning).
- trivalent hydrocarbon group examples include those represented by the following formula, but are not limited thereto.
- the other organic groups in R 2 include alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group and isopropoxy group; aryloxy groups such as phenoxy group; halogenated alkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl group; Alkylamino groups such as dimethylamino groups; ester groups such as methyl esters and ethyl esters; nitro groups; nitrile groups; alkyl or arylsilyl groups such as trimethylsilyl groups and phenyldimethylsilyl groups; trimethoxysilyl groups, triethoxysilyl groups, Examples thereof include alkoxysilyl groups such as dimethoxymethylsilyl group and diethoxymethylsilyl group; nitrogen-containing heterocycle-containing groups such as pyridyl group; sulfur-containing heterocycle-containing groups such as thienyl group.
- each organic group described above may have one or more atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus interposed therein, and may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- R 2 is an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, stearyl, cyclohexyl group or the like, a cycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, etc.
- An aryl group is preferred, and a methyl group is more preferred.
- iron salts include iron halides such as FeCl 2 , FeBr 2 , FeCl 3 , FeBr 3 , and FeI 3 ; iron carboxylates such as Fe (OAc) 2 , Fe (stearate) 2 , and Fe (stearate) 3. It is done.
- cobalt salts include cobalt halides such as CoCl 2 , CoBr 2 , and CoI 2 ; cobalt carboxylates such as Co (OAc) 2 , Co (benzoate) 2 , Co (2-ethylhexanoate) 2 , and Co (stearate) 2. Is mentioned.
- nickel salt examples include nickel halides such as NiCl 2 , NiBr 2 , and NiI 2 ; nickel carboxylates such as Ni (OAc) 2 .
- ruthenium salt examples include ruthenium halides such as RuCl 2 and RuCl 3 .
- rhodium salt examples include rhodium halides such as chloro (1,5-cyclooctadiene) rhodium (dimer) and RhCl 3 ; rhodium carboxylates such as Rh 2 (OAc) 4 and the like.
- Examples of the palladium salt include palladium halides such as PdCl 2 , PdBr 2 , and PdI 2 ; palladium carboxylates such as Pd (OAc) 2 .
- Examples of the chromium salt include chromium halides such as CrCl 2 , CrCl 3 , and CrBr 3 ; chromium carboxylates such as Cr (OAc) 2 and Cr (OAc) 3, and the like.
- Examples of the molybdenum salt include molybdenum halides such as MoCl 3 and MoCl 5 ; molybdenum carboxylates such as Mo 2 (OAc) 4 .
- Examples of the tungsten salt include tungsten halides such as WCl 6 .
- vanadium salt examples include vanadium halides such as VCl 2 , VCl 3 , VBr 3 , and VI 3 .
- platinum salt examples include platinum halides such as PtCl 2 and PtCl 3 ; chloroplatinic acids such as H 2 PtCl 6 ; chloroplatinates such as K 2 PtCl 6 and the like.
- the compound containing a transition metal in the present invention is preferably a halide such as chloride, bromide or iodide; a carboxylate such as acetate, from the viewpoint of reactivity with a reducing agent, chloride, bromide, Halides such as iodide are more preferred.
- a halide such as chloride, bromide or iodide
- a carboxylate such as acetate
- a solvent or the like may be coordinated on M 2 .
- the solvent include water; ammonia; amines such as ethyleneimine, N, N-tetramethylethylenediamine and pyridine; ethers such as dimethoxyethane, diglyme and tetrahydrofuran; nitriles such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; N Amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone; ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, cyclooctene, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, norbornadiene, etc. Olefins; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, p-cymene and the like.
- R 1 may be substituted with a halogen atom, and one or more atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and silicon may be interposed, and the number of carbon atoms is 1.
- Examples of the monovalent to trivalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms include the same groups as those exemplified above.
- examples of R 1 include a t-butyl group, a 1-adamantyl group, a mesityl group, A phenyl group, 2,6-dimethylphenyl group, and 2,6-diisopropylphenyl group are preferred.
- X in the formula (1) is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
- the isocyanide compound represented by the above formula (1) can be obtained as a commercial product or synthesized by a known method. For example, a method of obtaining a formylation product from an amine compound and formic acid, and then reacting with phosphoryl chloride in the presence of an organic amine to form an isocyanide (Synthesis method 1. Organometallics, 2004, 23, 3976-3981); mild conditions As a method of obtaining a formylation product, acetic anhydride and formic acid are formed from acetic anhydride and reacted with an amine compound to obtain a formylation product (Synthesis Method 2. Org.
- the resulting formylation product can be isocyanideized by the method described in Synthesis Method 1 as described above. Further, it can also be synthesized by a method of reacting an amine compound and dichlorocarbene to form an isocyanide, which is a method not via formylation (Synthesis Method 3. Tetrahedron Letters, 1972, 17, 1637-1640).
- isocyanide compound examples include methyl isocyanide, ethyl isocyanide, n-propyl isocyanide, cyclopropyl isocyanide, n-butyl isocyanide, isobutyl isocyanide, sec-butyl isocyanide, t-butyl isocyanide, n-pentyl isocyanide, isopentyl isocyanide, Alkyl isocyanides such as neopentyl isocyanide, n-hexyl isocyanide, cyclohexyl isocyanide, cycloheptyl isocyanide, 1,1-dimethylhexyl isocyanide, 1-adamantyl isocyanide, 2-adamantyl isocyanide; phenyl isocyanide, 2-methylphenyl isocyanide, 4-methyl Phenyl isocyanide, 2,4-dimethylphenyl isocyanide, 2,5-d
- diisocyanide compounds include 1,2-diisocyanoethane, 1,3-diisocyanopropane, 1,4-diisocyanobutane, 1,5-diisocyanopentane, 1,6-di- Isocyanohexane, 1,8-diisocyanooctane, 1,12-diisocyanododecane, 1,2-diisocyanocyclohexane, 1,3-diisocyanocyclohexane, 1,4-diisocyanocyclohexane, 1 , 3-Diisocyano-2,2-dimethylpropane, 2,5-diisocyano-2,5-dimethylhexane, 1,2-bis (diisocyanoethoxy) ethane, 1,2-diisocyanobenzene, 1,3 -Diisocyanobenzene, 1,4-diisocyanobenzene, 1,1'
- triisocyanide compound examples include 1,3-diisocyano-2- (isocyanomethyl) -2-methylpropane, 1,5-diisocyano-3- (2-isocyanoethyl) pentane, 1,7-diisocyano- Examples include 4- (3-isocyanopropyl) heptane, 3-isocyano-N, N′-bis (3-isocyanopropyl) propan-1-amine.
- M 1 is V, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, or Pt having an oxidation number of 0, preferably Cr, Mo, W Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, or Pt, and more preferably Fe, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, or Pt.
- L is an isocyanide compound represented by the above formula (1), and when a plurality of L are present, they may be the same or different. Furthermore, a represents an integer of 1 to 8, and b represents an integer of 2 to 12. From the viewpoint of the stability of the complex and the catalytic activity, preferably, when a is 1, b is an integer of 2 to 6. And when a is 2, b is an integer of 4 to 10, when a is an integer of 3 to 8, b is an integer of 4 to 12, and more preferably, when a is 1, b is 2 to 6 And when a is 2, b is 4 or an integer of 8 to 10, and when a is an integer of 3 to 8, b is 6, 7, 10 or 12.
- L may be partially substituted with a known two-electron donating ligand, or a solvent or the like may be coordinated.
- the two-electron-donating ligand means a neutral compound having an unpaired electron, and is not particularly limited as long as it is other than a carbonyl ligand, and includes a nitrogen molecule, an ether compound, an amine compound, a phosphine compound, a phosphine compound.
- Phyto compounds, sulfide compounds and the like can be mentioned, but considering the stability of the compound, it is preferable that all L is an isocyanide compound ligand.
- the compound containing the transition metal is reacted with the isocyanide compound represented by the above formula (1) in the presence of an alkali metal supported on a solid substance insoluble in an organic solvent.
- the solid substance insoluble in the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a solid substance insoluble in the organic solvent used in the reaction.
- carbon materials such as activated carbon, graphite, carbon nanofiber, and carbon nanotube Silicon compounds such as silicon
- metal oxides such as zeolite, zinc oxide, ceria, silica gel, alumina, and titanium oxide
- polymer compounds such as polystyrene
- Specific examples of the alkali metal supported on the solid substance include sodium, potassium, sodium-potassium alloy and the like.
- the alkali metal supported on the solid substance insoluble in the organic solvent is not particularly limited, and conventionally known ones as described in Patent Documents 1 to 5, Non-Patent Documents 25 and 26, etc. Can be appropriately selected and used, and examples thereof include silica, alumina, graphite, titanium oxide, zeolite, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, sodium supported on polystyrene, potassium, and sodium-potassium alloy.
- potassium-supported graphite hereinafter abbreviated as KC 8
- sodium-supported silica gel stage 1 or 2 is preferable from the viewpoint of safety because of less danger such as ignition.
- the alkali metal supported on a solid substance insoluble in these organic solvents can be obtained as a commercial product.
- a commercial product examples include KC 8 (manufactured by Strem Chemicals), Na silica gel (manufactured by Aldrich, stage). I), Na silica gel (Aldrich, Stage II), NaK 2 silica gel (Aldrich, Stage I) and the like.
- the reaction conditions for producing the transition metal-isocyanide complex are not particularly limited.
- the reaction temperature is usually about 10 to 100 ° C., preferably 20 to 80 ° C., and the reaction time is about 1 to 48 hours.
- the reaction can be performed without a solvent, but an organic solvent may be used in consideration of control of reaction heat and a post-treatment step after the reaction.
- organic solvent examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane and cyclohexane; ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, cyclopentylmethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane; benzene , Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene and the like can be used.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane and cyclohexane
- ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, cyclopentylmethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane
- benzene Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluen
- the concentration of the reaction solution is not particularly limited, but considering the reactivity of the alkali metal supported on the solid substance insoluble in the organic solvent and the control of the reaction heat, the molar concentration of the compound containing the transition metal ( M) is preferably 0.01 to 10M, more preferably 0.01 to 2M.
- the molar ratio of the isocyanide compound to the compound containing the transition metal is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 20 equivalents, more preferably 2 to 10 equivalents.
- the molar ratio of the alkali metal supported on the solid substance insoluble in the organic solvent to the compound containing the transition metal is not particularly limited, but 2 to 20 Equivalents are preferred, and 2 to 8 equivalents are more preferred.
- the reducing agent may be removed by filtration using a glass filter or filter paper, and the organic solvent may be distilled off by heating and / or decompression.
- the obtained compound may be used as it is or may be purified by a known method.
- the obtained compound may be used after being washed with a solvent that is insoluble or hardly soluble, dried, or cooled after it is dissolved in a good solvent, or the obtained compound is good. You may refine
- Example 1 Synthesis of cobalt isocyanide complex Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 using cobalt iodide and KC 8
- cobalt iodide (0.31 g, 1.0 mmol)
- tetrahydrofuran hereinafter referred to as THF and (Abbreviated)
- t-butylisocyanide (0.33 g, 4.0 mmol)
- KC 8 manufactured by Strem Chemicals, 0.27 g, 2.0 mmol
- Example 2 Synthesis of cobalt isocyanide complex Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 using cobalt bromide and KC 8 Cobalt bromide (22 mg, 0.10 mmol), THF (3 mL), t-butyl were added to a reaction vessel. Isocyanide (33 mg, 0.40 mmol) and KC 8 (manufactured by Strem Chemicals, 27 mg, 0.20 mmol) were added in this order, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 12 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was filtered through Celite, and the solvent of the filtrate was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- Example 5 Synthesis of cobalt isocyanide complex Co 2 (CNad) 8 using cobalt iodide and KC 8
- a reaction vessel 0.31 g (1.0 mmol) of cobalt iodide and 0.65 g (4.0 mmol) of adamantyl isocyanide ), THF (15 mL), KC 8 (manufactured by Strem Chemicals, 0.27 g, 2.0 mmol) in this order, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 12 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was filtered through Celite, and the solvent of the filtrate was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- Example 7 Synthesis of Cobalt Isocyanide Complex Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 Using Cobalt Iodide and Na Silica Gel (Stage I)
- cobalt iodide (0.31 g, 1.0 mmol
- THF 15 mL
- t-butyl isocyanide 0.33 g, 4.0 mmol
- Na silica gel (Aldrich, Stage I, 0.34 g, 5.0 mmol) were added in this order, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 12 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was filtered through Celite, and the solvent of the filtrate was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- Example 8 Synthesis of cobalt isocyanide complex Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 using cobalt iodide and Na silica gel (stage II)
- cobalt iodide (0.31 g, 1.0 mmol)
- THF 15 mL
- t-butyl isocyanide (0.33 g, 4.0 mmol)
- Na silica gel (Aldrich, Stage II, 0.34 g, 5.0 mmol) were added in this order, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 12 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was filtered through Celite, and the solvent of the filtrate was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- Example 9 Synthesis of Cobalt Isocyanide Complex Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 Using Cobalt Iodide and NaK 2 Silica Gel (Stage I)
- cobalt iodide (0.31 g, 1.0 mmol
- THF 15 mL
- t-butyl isocyanide 0.33 g, 4.0 mmol
- NaK 2 silica gel (Aldrich, Stage I, 0.41 g, 5.0 mmol) were added in this order, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 12 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was filtered through Celite, and the solvent of the filtrate was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- Example 13 Synthesis of nickel isocyanide complex Ni (CNtBu) 4 using nickel bromide (dimethoxyethane adduct) and KC 8
- nickel bromide (dimethoxyethane adduct) 31 mg, 0.1 mmol
- THF 3 mL
- t-butylisocyanide 0.33 g, 0.4 mmol
- KC 8 270 mg, 2.0 mmol
- Example 15 Synthesis of Pt-isocyanide complex using platinum chloride and KC 8
- platinum chloride 27 mg, 0.10 mmol
- THF 3 mL
- mesityl isocyanide 29 mg, 0.20 mmol
- KC 8 27 mg, 0.20 mmol
- the reaction solution was filtered through Celite, and the solvent of the filtrate was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- the obtained dried product was dissolved in toluene (about 5 mL), and the insoluble material was removed by Celite filtration.
- Example 16 Synthesis of rhodium isocyanide complex Rh 2 (CNMes) 8 using chloro (1,5-cyclooctadiene) rhodium (I) dimer and KC 8
- chloro (1,5-cyclooctadiene ) Rhodium (I) dimer 25 mg, 0.05 mmol
- mesityl isocyanide 58 mg, 0.40 mmol
- THF 3 mL
- KC 8 made by Strem Chemicals, 14 mg, 0.10 mmol
- Example 18 Synthesis of cobalt isocyanide complex Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 using cobalt (II) isopropoxide and KC 8
- cobalt (II) isopropoxide (18 mg, 0.10 mmol), THF (3 mL), t-butyl isocyanide (33 mg, 0.40 mmol), KC 8 (manufactured by Strem Chemicals, 27 mg, 0.20 mmol) were added in this order, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was filtered through Celite, and the solvent of the filtrate was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- Example 19 Synthesis of iron isocyanide complex Fe (CN t Bu) 5 using iron (II) trifluoromethanesulfonate and KC 8
- iron (II) trifluoromethanesulfonate 35 mg, 0.10 mmol
- THF 3 mL
- t-butyl isocyanide 42 mg, 0.50 mmol
- KC 8 manufactured by Strem Chemicals, 27 mg, 0.20 mmol
- the obtained dried product was dissolved in pentane (about 4 mL), and the insoluble material was removed by Celite filtration. The filtrate was cooled to ⁇ 35 ° C. and recrystallized to obtain Fe (CN t Bu) 5 (11 mg, 23%).
- Example 20 Synthesis of molybdenum isocyanide complex Mo (CN t Bu) 6 using molybdenum acetate (II) dimer and KC 8
- molybdenum (II) acetate dimer 21 mg, 0.05 mmol
- THF 3 mL
- t-butylisocyanide 50 mg, 0.60 mmol
- KC 8 manufactured by Strem Chemicals, 27 mg, 0.20 mmol
- Example 22 Synthesis of tungsten isocyanide complex W (CN t Bu) 6 using tungsten (IV) chloride and KC 8
- tungsten (IV) chloride 33 mg, 0.05 mmol
- THF 3 mL
- t-Butyl isocyanide 50 mg, 0.60 mmol
- KC 8 manufactured by Strem Chemicals, 54 mg, 0.50 mmol
- FIG. 13 shows the 1 H-NMR spectrum of the resulting complex.
- 1 H-NMR 400 MHz, C 6 D 6 ) ⁇ : 1.34 (s, 54H).
- IR (ATR): ⁇ 1960 (CN) cm ⁇ 1
- Example 23 Synthesis of vanadium isocyanide complex V (CN t Bu) 6 using vanadium (III) bromide and KC 8
- vanadium (III) bromide 33 mg, 0.05 mmol
- THF 3 mL
- T-butylisocyanide 50 mg, 0.60 mmol
- KC 8 manufactured by Strem Chemicals, 41 mg, 0.30 mmol
- FIG. 14 shows the 1 H-NMR spectrum of the obtained crude product. 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, C 6 D 6 ) ⁇ : 1.38 (s, 54H).
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Abstract
Description
この特徴から、イソシアニド化合物は、古くから様々な窒素含有化合物の反応中間体として利用され、一酸化炭素と同様に遷移金属錯体の配位子として用いられている。
炭素-炭素二重結合を有する化合物に対してSi-H官能性化合物が付加反応するヒドロシリル化反応は、有機ケイ素化合物を合成する有用な手段であり、工業的にも重要な合成反応である。
このヒドロシリル化反応の触媒としては、Pt、Pd、Rh化合物が知られており、その中でも最も多く用いられているものは、Speier触媒、Karstedt触媒に代表されるPt化合物である。イソシアニド化合物を用いたヒドロシリル化反応の触媒としては、例えば、ロジウム錯体にアリールイソシアニド化合物を加えて生成した触媒を使用した例が報告されている(非特許文献1)。
また、ピバル酸鉄またはピバル酸コバルトとイソシアニド化合物を配位子として用いたヒドロシリル化反応触媒も報告されており(非特許文献3)、ヒドロシリル化反応の触媒の配位子としてイソシアニド化合物が有用であることが示されている。しかし、どの例も触媒活性としては未だ不十分であり、より高い触媒活性を有する触媒の開発が望まれている。
この点、一酸化炭素以外の置換可能な配位子を有する0価の遷移金属錯体前駆体とイソシアニド化合物とを反応させる方法も報告されているが(非特許文献21~26)、前駆体が空気や水に不安定であり、取扱いが困難である。
さらに、還元剤としてカリウムナフタレニドを使用した合成例が報告されているが(非特許文献29)、反応後に生成する多量のナフタレンを処理する必要があり、錯体の精製に問題がある。
1. V、Cr、Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、PdおよびPtから選ばれる遷移金属を含む化合物と、下記式(1)で表されるイソシアニド化合物とを、有機溶媒に不溶な固体物質に担持されたアルカリ金属の存在下で反応させることを特徴とする下記式(2)で表される遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
(CN)x-R1 (1)
(式(1)において、R1は、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよく、酸素、窒素、硫黄およびケイ素から選ばれる原子が1個またはそれ以上介在してもよい、炭素原子数1~30の1~3価の有機基を表し、xは、1~3の整数を表す。)
M1 a(L)b (2)
(式(2)において、M1は、酸化数が0価の、V、Cr、Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd、またはPtであり、Lは、前記式(1)で表されるイソシアニド化合物であり、M1およびLは、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよく、aは、1~8の整数を表し、bは、2~12の整数を表す。)
2. 前記遷移金属を含む化合物が、遷移金属酸化物、遷移金属酸またはその塩、並びに遷移金属のハロゲン化物塩、オキソ酸塩、カルボン酸塩、スルホン酸塩、アルコキシド塩、β-ジケトナート塩、アミド塩、テトラフルオロホウ酸塩およびヘキサフルオロリン酸塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種である1の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
3. 前記有機溶媒に不溶な固体物質が、炭素材料、ケイ素化合物、金属酸化物、または高分子化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種である1または2の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
4. 前記式(2)において、aが1のときbは2~6の整数であり、aが2のときbは4~10の整数であり、aが3~8の整数のときbは4~12の整数である1~3のいずれかの遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
5. 前記式(1)において、xが1である1~4のいずれかの遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
6. 前記式(2)において、M1が、Cr、Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd、またはPtである1~5のいずれかの遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
7. 前記式(2)において、aが1のときbは2~6の整数であり、aが2のときbは4または8~10の整数であり、aが3~8の整数のときbは4、6、7、10または12である1~6のいずれかの遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
8. 前記式(2)におけるM1が、Fe、Co、Rh、Ni、PdまたはPtである1~7のいずれかの遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
9. 前記遷移金属を含む化合物が、下記式(3)で表される遷移金属塩である1~7のいずれかの遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
M2Xc (3)
{式(3)において、M2は、Cr、Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd、またはPtを表し、Xは、同一でも異なっていてもよい、ハロゲン原子または下記式(4)で表される基であり、cは1~6の整数である。
-OC(O)R2 (4)
(式(4)において、R2は、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよく、酸素、窒素、硫黄、およびケイ素から選ばれる原子が1個またはそれ以上介在していてもよい、炭素原子数1~30の1価の有機基を表す。)}
10.前記式(3)において、M2が、Fe、Co、Rh、Ni、PdまたはPtである9の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
11. 前記式(4)におけるR2が、炭素原子数1~30の1価の炭化水素基である9または10の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
12. 前記式(4)におけるR2が、メチル基である11の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
13. 前記式(3)におけるXが、塩素、臭素、およびヨウ素から選ばれる少なくとも1種である9~12のいずれかの遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
14. 前記式(1)におけるR1が、炭素原子数1~30の1価の炭化水素基である1~13のいずれかの遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
15. 前記式(1)におけるR1が、炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、炭素原子数5~20のシクロアルキル基、炭素原子数6~30のアリール基および炭素原子数7~30のアルキルアリール基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の炭化水素基である1~14のいずれかの遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
16. 前記式(1)におけるR1が、t-ブチル基、1-アダマンチル基、メシチル基、フェニル基、2,6-ジメチルフェニル基、および2,6-ジイソプロピルフェニル基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の炭化水素基である15の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
17. 前記有機溶媒に不溶な固体物質が、グラファイトおよびシリカゲルから選ばれる少なくとも1種である1~16のいずれかの遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法、
18. 前記アルカリ金属が、ナトリウム、カリウムおよびナトリウム-カリウム合金から選ばれる少なくとも1種である1~17のいずれかの遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法
を提供する。
さらに、本発明の製造方法では、アルカリ金属特有の禁水性と酸素高反応性による危険性を低減させた有機溶媒に不溶な固体物質に担持されたアルカリ金属を用いることで、遷移金属錯体の製造の際の危険性を最小限にでき、極めて有用性が高い。
本発明に係る遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法は、遷移金属を含む化合物と、式(1)
(CN)x-R1 (1)
で表されるイソシアニド化合物とを、有機溶媒に不溶な固体物質に担持されたアルカリ金属の存在下で反応させることを特徴とする。
式(3)において、M2は、Cr、Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd、またはPtを表し、Xは、ハロゲン原子または下記式(4)で表される基であり、cは、遷移金属の酸化数に応じて変化する数であり、1~6の整数である。
-OC(O)R2 (4)
式(4)において、R2は、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよく、酸素、窒素、硫黄およびケイ素から選ばれる原子が1個またはそれ以上介在してもよい、炭素原子数1~30の1価の有機基を表す。
炭素原子数1~30の1~3価の有機基としては、特に限定されるものではないが、炭素原子数1~30の1~3価の炭化水素基が好ましい。
1価炭化水素基の具体例としては、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、アルキルアリール基、アラルキル基等が挙げられる。
アルキル基としては、直鎖、分岐鎖、環状のいずれでもよく、好ましくは1~20、より好ましくは1~10のアルキル基であり、その具体例としては、メチル、エチル、n-プロピル、イソプロピル、n-ブチル、イソブチル、s-ブチル、t-ブチル、n-ペンチル、n-ヘキシル、n-ヘプチル、n-オクチル、2-エチルヘキシル、n-ノニル、n-デシル、n-ウンデシル、n-ドデシル、n-トリデシル、n-テトラデシル、n-ペンタデシル、n-ヘキサデシル、n-ヘプタデシル、n-オクタデシル、n-ノナデシル、n-エイコサニル基等の直鎖または分岐鎖アルキル基;シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、シクロオクチル、シクロノニル、ノルボルニル、アダマンチル基等のシクロアルキル基などが挙げられる。
アルキニル基としては、炭素原子数2~20のアルキニル基が好ましく、その具体例としては、エチニル、n-1-プロピニル、n-2-プロピニル、n-1-ブチニル、n-2-ブチニル、n-3-ブチニル、1-メチル-2-プロピニル、n-1-ペンチニル、n-2-ペンチニル、n-3-ペンチニル、n-4-ペンチニル、1-メチル-n-ブチニル、2-メチル-n-ブチニル、3-メチル-n-ブチニル、1,1-ジメチル-n-プロピニル、n-1-ヘキシニル、n-1-デシニル、n-1-ペンタデシニル、n-1-エイコシニル基等が挙げられる。
アラルキル基としては、好ましくは炭素原子数7~30、より好ましくは炭素原子数7~20のアリールアルキル基であり、その具体例としては、ベンジル、フェニルエチル、フェニルプロピル、ナフチルメチル、ナフチルエチル、ナフチルプロピル基等が挙げられる。
アルキレン基としては、直鎖、分岐鎖、環状のいずれでもよく、好ましくは炭素原子数1~20のアルキレン基であり、その具体例としては、メチレン、エチレン、プロピレン、トリメチレン、n-ブチレン、イソブチレン、s-ブチレン、n-オクチレン、2-エチルヘキシレン、n-デシレン、n-ウンデシレン、n-ドデシレン、n-トリデシレン、n-テトラデシレン、n-ペンタデシレン、n-ヘキサデシレン、n-ヘプタデシレン、n-オクタデシレン、n-ノナデシレン、n-エイコサニレン基等の直鎖または分岐鎖アルキレン基;1,4-シクロへキシレン基等のシクロアルキレン基などが挙げられる。
アリーレン基の具体例としては、o-フェニレン、m-フェニレン、p-フェニレン、1,2-ナフチレン、1,8-ナフチレン、2,3-ナフチレン、4,4′-ビフェニレン基等が挙げられる。
アラルキレン基の具体例としては、-(CH2)y-Ar-(Arは、炭素原子数6~20のアリーレン基を表し、yは1~10の整数を表す。)、-Ar-(CH2)y-(Arおよびyは上記と同じ意味を表す。)、-(CH2)y-Ar-(CH2)y-(Arは上記と同じ意味を表し、yは互いに独立して上記と同じ意味を表す。)等が挙げられる。
鉄塩としては、FeCl2、FeBr2、FeCl3、FeBr3、FeI3等のハロゲン化鉄;Fe(OAc)2、Fe(stearate)2、Fe(stearate)3等のカルボン酸鉄などが挙げられる。
コバルト塩としては、CoCl2、CoBr2、CoI2等のハロゲン化コバルト;Co(OAc)2、Co(benzoate)2、Co(2-ethylhexanoate)2、Co(stearate)2等のカルボン酸コバルトなどが挙げられる。
ニッケル塩としては、NiCl2、NiBr2、NiI2等のハロゲン化ニッケル;Ni(OAc)2等のカルボン酸ニッケルなどが挙げられる。
ルテニウム塩としては、RuCl2、RuCl3等のハロゲン化ルテニウムなどが挙げられる。
ロジウム塩としては、クロロ(1,5-シクロオクタジエン)ロジウム(ダイマー)、RhCl3等のハロゲン化ロジウム;Rh2(OAc)4等のカルボン酸ロジウムなどが挙げられる。
パラジウム塩としては、PdCl2、PdBr2、PdI2等のハロゲン化パラジウム;Pd(OAc)2等のカルボン酸パラジウムなどが挙げられる。
クロム塩としては、CrCl2、CrCl3、CrBr3等のハロゲン化クロム;Cr(OAc)2、Cr(OAc)3等のカルボン酸クロムなどが挙げられる。
モリブデン塩としては、MoCl3、MoCl5等のハロゲン化モリブデン;Mo2(OAc)4等のカルボン酸モリブデンなどが挙げられる。
タングステン塩としては、WCl6等のハロゲン化タングステンなどが挙げられる。
バナジウム塩としては、VCl2、VCl3、VBr3、VI3等のハロゲン化バナジウムなどが挙げられる。
白金塩としては、PtCl2、PtCl3等のハロゲン化白金;H2PtCl6等の塩化白金酸;K2PtCl6等の塩化白金酸塩などが挙げられる。
上記式(1)で表されるイソシアニド化合物は、市販品として入手する、または公知の方法によって合成することができる。例えば、アミン化合物とギ酸からホルミル化物を得、次いで有機アミンの存在下、塩化ホスホリルと反応させてイソシアニド化する方法(合成方法1。Organometallics,2004,23,3976-3981参照);温和な条件下でホルミル化物を得る方法として、無水酢酸とギ酸から酢酸ギ酸無水物を形成し、これをアミン化合物と反応させてホルミル化物を得ることができる(合成方法2。Org.Synth.,2013,90,358-366参照)。得られたホルミル化物は上記と同じ合成方法1に記載されている方法によってイソシアニド化することができる。
さらに、ホルミル化を経由しない方法である、アミン化合物とジクロルカルベンを反応させてイソシアニド化する方法によっても合成することができる(合成方法3。Tetrahedron Letters,1972,17,1637-1640参照)。
M1 a(L)b (2)
式(2)において、M1は、酸化数が0価の、V、Cr、Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd、またはPtであり、好ましくは、Cr、Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd、またはPtであり、さらに好ましくは、Fe、Co、Rh、Ni、PdまたはPtである。なお、M1が複数存在するときは、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
さらに、aは、1~8の整数を表し、bは、2~12の整数を表すが、錯体の安定性と触媒活性の観点から、好ましくはaが1のときbは2~6の整数であり、aが2のときbは4~10の整数であり、aが3~8の整数のときbは4~12の整数であり、さらに好ましくはaが1のときbは2~6であり、aが2のときbは4または8~10の整数であり、aが3~8の整数のときbは6、7、10または12である。
2電子供与性配位子は、不対電子をもつ中性化合物を意味し、カルボニル配位子以外であれば特に限定されるものではなく、窒素分子、エーテル化合物、アミン化合物、ホスフィン化合物、ホスファイト化合物、スルフィド化合物等が挙げられるが、化合物の安定性を考慮すれば、Lはすべてイソシアニド化合物配位子であることが好ましい。
ここで、有機溶媒に不溶な固体物質としては、反応に用いる有機溶媒に不溶な固体物質であれば特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、活性炭、グラファイト、カーボンナノファイバー、カーボンナノチューブ等の炭素材料;シリコン等のケイ素化合物;ゼオライト、酸化亜鉛、セリア、シリカゲル、アルミナ、酸化チタン等の金属酸化物;ポリスチレン等の高分子化合物などが挙げられる。
また、上記固体物質に担持されるアルカリ金属の具体例としては、ナトリウム、カリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金等が挙げられる。
反応温度としては、通常、10~100℃程度であるが、好ましくは20~80℃であり、反応時間としては、1~48時間程度である。
反応は無溶媒で行うこともできるが、反応熱の制御や反応後の後処理工程を考慮し、有機溶媒を用いてもよい。
有機溶媒としては、例えば、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン等の脂肪族炭化水素類;ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン等のエーテル類;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン等の芳香族炭化水素類などを用いることができる。
本発明の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造において、遷移金属を含む化合物に対するイソシアニド化合物のモル比率は、特に限定されるものではないが、2~20当量が好ましく、2~10当量がより好ましい。
また、本発明の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造において、遷移金属を含む化合物に対する有機溶媒に不溶な固体物質に担持されたアルカリ金属のモル比率は、特に限定されるものではないが、2~20当量が好ましく、2~8当量がより好ましい。
得られた化合物は、そのまま用いてもよく、また公知の方法で精製を行ってもよい。例えば、得られた化合物を、それが不溶または難溶の溶媒で洗浄した後に乾燥して用いてもよく、得られた化合物を良溶媒に溶解した後にそのまま冷却し、または得られた化合物を良溶媒に溶かした後、それに拡散可能な貧溶媒を加えることで、再沈殿または再結晶化による精製を行ってもよい。
遷移金属を含む化合物の調製に用いた溶媒は、全て公知の方法で脱酸素、脱水を行った後に用いた。
得られた遷移金属を含む化合物は、25℃、窒素ガス雰囲気下で保存し、反応に用いた。
アルケンのヒドロシリル化反応および溶媒精製は、全て不活性ガス雰囲気下で行い、各種反応に用いた溶媒等は、全て予め公知の方法で精製、乾燥、脱酸素を行ったものを用いた。
1H-NMRの測定は、日本電子(株)製JNM-ECA600,JNM-LA400を、IR測定は、日本分光(株)製FT/IR-550を用いてそれぞれ行った。
なお、以下に示す化学構造式においては慣用的な表現法に従って水素原子を省略している。また、tBuはt-ブチル基、Adはアダマンチル基、Mesはメシチル基を表す。
反応容器に、ヨウ化コバルト(0.31g,1.0mmol)、テトラヒドロフラン(以下、THFと略す)(15mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(0.33g,4.0mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、0.27g,2.0mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約40mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Co2(CNtBu)8を得た(0.24g,収率61%)。得られた錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図1に示す。
1H-NMR(600MHz,C6D6)δ:1.44(s,72H).
IR(ATR):ν=1666(CN(bridge)),2093,1977,1942(CN(terminal))cm-1
Anal.Calcd.for C40H72N8Co2:C,61.36;H,9.27;N,14.31 Found:C,61.06;H,9.52;N,14.05.
反応容器に、臭化コバルト(22mg,0.10mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(33mg,0.40mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、27mg,0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Co2(CNtBu)8を得た(27mg,収率70%)。
反応容器に、塩化コバルト(13mg,0.10mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(33mg,0.40mmol)、KC8(27mg,0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、コバルトイソシアニド錯体Co2(CNtBu)8を得た(27mg,収率70%)。
反応容器に、酢酸コバルト(18mg、0.10mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(33mg、0.40mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、27mg、0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Co2(CNtBu)8を得た(4mg,収率10%)。
反応容器に、ヨウ化コバルト0.31g(1.0mmol)、アダマンチルイソシアニド0.65g(4.0mmol)、THF(15mL)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、0.27g、2.0mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をトルエン(約20mL)に溶解させ、再度セライトろ過した。ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した後、乾燥物を少量のベンゼン(約3mL)で洗うことにより、Co2(CNAd)8を得た(0.33g,47%)。該錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図2に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,C6D6)δ:2.32(s,48H),2.06(s,24H),1.71(d,J=10.3,24H),1.58(d,J=10.3,24H).
IR(ATR):ν=1647(CN(bridge)),2101,2000,1954(CN(terminal))cm-1
Anal.Calcd.for C88H120N8Co2:C,75.08;H,8.59;N,7.96 Found:C,75.16;H,8.62;N,7.46.
反応容器に、ヨウ化コバルト(13mg,0.10mmol)、メシチルイソシアニド(58mg,0.40mmol)、THF(3mL)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、27mg,0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をトルエン(約3mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液の上からペンタン(約3mL)をゆっくり加えることにより、再結晶化させ、コバルトイソシアニド錯体Co2(CNMes)8を得た(42mg,収率66%)。得られた錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図3に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,C6D6)δ:6.60(s,12H),6.58(s,4H),2.46(s,36H),2.42(s,12H),2.05(s,18H),2.03(s,6H).
IR(ATR):ν=1669(CN(bridge)),2063,2026,1954(CN(terminal))cm-1
Anal.Calcd.for C80H88N8Co2:C,75.10;H,6.93;N,8.60 Found:C,75.21;H,6.90;N,8.60.
反応容器に、ヨウ化コバルト(0.31g,1.0mmol)、THF(15mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(0.33g,4.0mmol)、Naシリカゲル(アルドリッチ社製、ステージI、0.34g,5.0mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約40mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Co2(CNtBu)8を得た(0.19g,収率48%)。
反応容器に、ヨウ化コバルト(0.31g,1.0mmol)、THF(15mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(0.33g,4.0mmol)、Naシリカゲル(アルドリッチ社製、ステージII、0.34g,5.0mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約40mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Co2(CNtBu)8を得た(13.9mg,収率4%)。
反応容器に、ヨウ化コバルト(0.31g,1.0mmol)、THF(15mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(0.33g,4.0mmol)、NaK2シリカゲル(アルドリッチ社製、ステージI、0.41g、5.0mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約40mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Co2(CNtBu)8を得た(120mg,収率31%)。
反応容器に、臭化鉄(22mg,0.10mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(42mg,0.50mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、27mg,0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Fe(CNtBu)5を得た(30mg,収率63%)。得られた錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図4に示す。
1H-NMR(600MHz,C6D6)δ:1.29(s,45H).
IR(ATR):ν=2119,2000,1943,1826(CN)cm-1
反応容器に、臭化鉄(216mg,1.0mmol)、THF(20mL)、アダマンチルイソシアニド(806mg,5.0mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、270mg,2.0mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をベンゼン(約5mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液にペンタンを加えた後、-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Fe(CNAd)5を得た(601mg,収率70%)。得られた錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図5に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,C6D6)δ:2.15(s,30H),1.88(s,15H),1.50(d,J=11.5,15H),1.42(d,J=11.5,15H).
IR(ATR):ν=2106(CN)cm-1
反応容器に、臭化鉄(22mg,0.10mmol)、THF(3mL)、メシチルイソシアニド(73mg,0.50mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、27mg,0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をトルエン(約3mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液の上からペンタン(約3mL)をゆっくり加えることにより、再結晶化させてFe(CNMes)5を得た(18mg,収率23%)。得られた錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図6に示す。
1H-NMR(600MHz,C6D6)δ:6.60(s,10H),2.48(s,30H),2.05(s,15H).
IR(ATR):ν=1971,1940(CN)cm-1
反応容器に、臭化ニッケル(ジメトキシエタン付加物)(31mg,0.1mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(0.33g,0.4mmol)、KC8(270mg,2.0mmol)の順に加え、室温で30分間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をベンゼン(約5mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液にエーテルを加えた後、-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Ni(CNtBu)4を得た(21mg,収率54%)。得られた錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図7に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,C6D6)δ:1.09(s,36H).
IR(ATR):ν=2002(CN)cm-1
反応容器に、塩化パラジウム(18mg,0.10mmol)、THF(3mL)、メシチルイソシアニド(29mg,0.20mmol)を加え、60℃で1時間攪拌した。次にKC8(27mg,0.20mmol)を加え、室温で30分間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をエーテル(約2mL)で2回洗浄することにより、Pd3(CNMes)6を得た(25mg,収率63%)。該錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図8に示す。
1H-NMR(600MHz,C6D6)δ:6.45(br,10H),2.29(br,30H),1.87(s,15H).
IR(ATR):ν=2089,1979,1755(CN)cm-1
反応容器に、塩化白金(27mg,0.10mmol)、THF(3mL)、メシチルイソシアニド(29mg,0.20mmol)を加え、室温で1時間攪拌した。次にKC8(27mg,0.20mmol)を加え、室温で30分間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をトルエン(約5mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で除いた。次に、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去し、得られた乾燥物をジエチルエーテル(約1mL)に溶解させ、再び不溶物をセライトろ過で除いた。そのろ液を-30℃で冷却し、再結晶化させることにより、Pt-イソシアニド錯体を得た(7.7mg,収率16%)。得られた錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図9に示す。
IR(ATR):ν=2087,1649,1603(CN)cm-1
反応容器に、クロロ(1,5-シクロオクタジエン)ロジウム(I)ダイマー(25mg,0.05mmol)、メシチルイソシアニド(58mg,0.40mmol)、THF(3mL)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、14mg,0.10mmol)の順に加え、25℃で1時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をベンゼン(約3mL)に溶解させ、ろ液の上からペンタン(約10mL)を加えることにより、再沈殿させ、ロジウムイソシアニド錯体Rh2(CNMes)8を得た(11mg,収率16%)。得られた錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図10に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,C6D6)δ:6.57(br,16H),2.44(br,48H),2.01(br,24H).
IR(ATR):ν=1645,1601(CN(bridge)),2051(CN(terminal))cm-1
反応容器に、ビス(2,4-ペンタンジオナト)コバルト(II)(26mg、0.10mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(33mg、0.40mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、27mg、0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で3時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Co2(CNtBu)8を得た(6mg,15%)。
反応容器に、コバルト(II)イソプロポキシド(18mg、0.10mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(33mg、0.40mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、27mg、0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で3時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Co2(CNtBu)8を得た(3mg,8%)。
反応容器に、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸鉄(II)(35mg,0.10mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(42mg,0.50mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、27mg,0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で3時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Fe(CNtBu)5を得た(11mg,23%)。
反応容器に、酢酸モリブデン(II)二量体(21mg,0.05mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(50mg,0.60mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、27mg,0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で3時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Mo(CNtBu)6を得た(3mg,2%)。得られた錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図11に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,C6D6)δ:1.33(s,54H).
IR(ATR):ν=2101、1959(CN)cm-1
反応容器に、Ru2(OAc)4Cl(22mg,0.05mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(42mg,0.50mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、34mg,0.25mmol)の順に加え、25℃で3時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Ru(CNtBu)5を得た(5mg,10%)。得られた錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図12に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,C6D6)δ:1.27(s,45H).
IR(ATR):ν=2070、2034、1815(CN)cm-1
反応容器に、塩化タングステン(IV)(33mg,0.05mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(50mg,0.60mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、54mg,0.50mmol)の順に加え、25℃で3時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、W(CNtBu)6を得た(10mg,15%)。得られた錯体の1H-NMRスペクトルを図13に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,C6D6)δ:1.34(s,54H).
IR(ATR):ν=1960(CN)cm-1
反応容器に、臭化バナジウム(III)(33mg,0.05mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(50mg,0.60mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、41mg,0.30mmol)の順に加え、25℃で3時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)で抽出することによって、V(CNtBu)6を含む粗生成物を9mg得た。得られた粗生成物の1H-NMRスペクトルを図14に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,C6D6)δ:1.38(s,54H).
Claims (18)
- V、Cr、Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、PdおよびPtから選ばれる遷移金属を含む化合物と、下記式(1)で表されるイソシアニド化合物とを、有機溶媒に不溶な固体物質に担持されたアルカリ金属の存在下で反応させることを特徴とする下記式(2)で表される遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
(CN)x-R1 (1)
(式(1)において、R1は、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよく、酸素、窒素、硫黄およびケイ素から選ばれる原子が1個またはそれ以上介在してもよい、炭素原子数1~30の1~3価の有機基を表し、xは、1~3の整数を表す。)
M1 a(L)b (2)
(式(2)において、M1は、酸化数が0価の、V、Cr、Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd、またはPtであり、Lは、前記式(1)で表されるイソシアニド化合物であり、M1およびLは、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよく、aは、1~8の整数を表し、bは、2~12の整数を表す。) - 前記遷移金属を含む化合物が、遷移金属酸化物、遷移金属酸またはその塩、並びに遷移金属のハロゲン化物塩、オキソ酸塩、カルボン酸塩、スルホン酸塩、アルコキシド塩、β-ジケトナート塩、アミド塩、テトラフルオロホウ酸塩およびヘキサフルオロリン酸塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶媒に不溶な固体物質が、炭素材料、ケイ素化合物、金属酸化物、または高分子化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1または2記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記式(2)において、aが1のときbは2~6の整数であり、aが2のときbは4~10の整数であり、aが3~8の整数のときbは4~12の整数である請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記式(1)において、xが1である請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記式(2)において、M1が、Cr、Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd、またはPtである請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記式(2)において、aが1のときbは2~6の整数であり、aが2のときbは4または8~10の整数であり、aが3~8の整数のときbは4、6、7、10または12である請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記式(2)におけるM1が、Fe、Co、Rh、Ni、PdまたはPtである請求項1~7のいずれか1項記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記遷移金属を含む化合物が、下記式(3)で表される遷移金属塩である請求項1~7のいずれか1項記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
M2Xc (3)
{式(3)において、M2は、Cr、Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd、またはPtを表し、Xは、同一でも異なっていてもよい、ハロゲン原子または下記式(4)で表される基であり、cは1~6の整数である。
-OC(O)R2 (4)
(式(4)において、R2は、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよく、酸素、窒素、硫黄、およびケイ素から選ばれる原子が1個またはそれ以上介在していてもよい、炭素原子数1~30の1価の有機基を表す。)} - 前記式(3)において、M2が、Fe、Co、Rh、Ni、PdまたはPtである請求項9記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記式(4)におけるR2が、炭素原子数1~30の1価の炭化水素基である請求項9または10記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記式(4)におけるR2が、メチル基である請求項11記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記式(3)におけるXが、塩素、臭素、およびヨウ素から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項9~12のいずれか1項記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記式(1)におけるR1が、炭素原子数1~30の1価の炭化水素基である請求項1~13のいずれか1項記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記式(1)におけるR1が、炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、炭素原子数5~20のシクロアルキル基、炭素原子数6~30のアリール基、炭素数7~30のアルキルアリール基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の炭化水素基である請求項1~14のいずれか1項記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記式(1)におけるR1が、t-ブチル基、1-アダマンチル基、メシチル基、フェニル基、2,6-ジメチルフェニル基、および2,6-ジイソプロピルフェニル基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の炭化水素基である請求項15記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶媒に不溶な固体物質が、グラファイトおよびシリカゲルから選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1~16のいずれか1項記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
- 前記アルカリ金属が、ナトリウム、カリウムおよびナトリウム-カリウム合金から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1~17のいずれか1項記載の遷移金属-イソシアニド錯体の製造方法。
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JPWO2019098084A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-15 | 2020-11-19 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | オルガノポリシロキサン組成物 |
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