WO2018147211A1 - 冷延鋼板とその製造方法 - Google Patents
冷延鋼板とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018147211A1 WO2018147211A1 PCT/JP2018/003761 JP2018003761W WO2018147211A1 WO 2018147211 A1 WO2018147211 A1 WO 2018147211A1 JP 2018003761 W JP2018003761 W JP 2018003761W WO 2018147211 A1 WO2018147211 A1 WO 2018147211A1
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- steel sheet
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- ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cold-rolled steel sheet used as a material for a high-strength member of an automobile body and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the tensile strength TS is 590 to 800 MPa, and excellent aging resistance and a high yield ratio are provided.
- the present invention relates to a cold-rolled steel sheet having excellent isotropic tensile strength and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Document 1 compares a cold-rolled sheet containing 0.008 to 0.05 mass% of one or more selected from Nb, Ti and V with (Ac 1 + Ac 3 ) / 2 to Ac 3 in total. After soaking in a two-phase temperature range of high temperatures, the steel is cooled at a cooling rate of 2 to 200 ° C./s to less than 400 ° C., so that the main phase is ferrite and the second phase is martensite.
- a technique for obtaining a high-strength steel sheet excellent in stretch flangeability and impact resistance is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 a cold-rolled sheet in which the contents of [Mneq], P and B are controlled to an appropriate range is annealed at a temperature of 740 ° C. and less than 840 ° C. in a continuous hot-dip galvanizing line, and average cooling After cooling at a rate of 2 to 30 ° C./s, hot dip galvanizing is made of ferrite and the second phase, the area ratio of the second phase is 3 to 15%, and the martensite and residual ⁇ with respect to the area ratio of the second phase
- the steel structure with a ratio of more than 70% and a ratio of the second phase area ratio existing at the grain boundary triple point of 50% or more, low YP, high BH, and high aging resistance A technique for obtaining a strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a temperature increase rate from (Ac 1 -100 ° C.) to Ac 1 is 5 for a cold-rolled sheet containing 0.04 to 0.08 mass% of one or more of Nb and Ti in total.
- the temperature is raised to a relatively low temperature two-phase temperature range of Ac 1 to ⁇ Ac 1 + 2/3 ⁇ (Ac 3 -Ac 1 ) ⁇ , and the residence time within the temperature range is set to 10 to 30 s.
- a technique for obtaining a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in heat resistance and impact resistance characteristics is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 contains Mn: 0.6 to 2.0 mass%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.40 mass%, and has a steel structure with a main phase of ferrite, martensite, bainite, and pearlite. It consists of a composite structure with the second phase, and the area ratio of the second phase is 1 to 25%. In the ferrite, the grain size is 5 nm or less in a region within 100 nm from the grain boundary in contact with the second phase.
- a high-yield-ratio, high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in stretch flangeability is disclosed, in which carbides containing Ti (Ti-based carbides) are precipitated at 1.0 ⁇ 10 9 pieces / mm 2 or more.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that a cold-rolled sheet obtained by cold-rolling a hot-rolled steel sheet containing a low-temperature transformation phase having a volume ratio of 60% or more is continuously annealed in a two-phase region of ⁇ + ⁇ , and the steel structure has a ferrite phase and an area ratio.
- the ferrite phase has an average grain size d of 20 ⁇ m or less, and the ferrite phase has an average grain size d and an adjacent low temperature along the grain boundary of the ferrite phase.
- a technique for obtaining a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet having a small in-plane anisotropy of r value by making the average value L of the interval between transformation phases satisfy the relationship of L ⁇ 3.5d is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 since the technique of Patent Document 1 immediately cools to 400 ° C. or less immediately after soaking, a large amount of bainite is generated. For this reason, the amount of martensite produced is reduced, and the excellent aging resistance aimed by the present invention cannot be obtained. Moreover, the technique of the above-mentioned Patent Document 2 has a small amount of Nb and Ti added, the ferrite grains are coarsened, and the yield stress is reduced. Therefore, the yield ratio of the obtained steel sheet is about 0.60 at most, and the present invention Cannot achieve the desired high yield ratio.
- the technique of the said patent document 3 aims at low temperature annealing, since most of the ferrite in a steel plate structure turns into non-recrystallized ferrite, there exists a problem that the anisotropy of tensile strength becomes large. .
- the technique of Patent Document 4 has a relatively low Mn content and a small fraction of martensite in the second phase of the steel sheet structure, so that the excellent aging resistance targeted by the present invention is obtained. Absent.
- the technique of Patent Document 5 is intended for low-temperature annealing, and since the content of C and Mn is small, the amount of martensite generated is small, and the aging resistance targeted by the present invention is excellent. High strength steel sheet cannot be obtained.
- a technique for producing a cold-rolled steel sheet having high strength, excellent aging resistance and high yield ratio, and excellent in isotropy of tensile strength has been established. Not.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and its purpose is to have excellent aging resistance and high yield ratio while having high strength, and to have a tensile strength.
- the object is to provide a cold-rolled steel sheet having excellent isotropic properties and to propose an advantageous manufacturing method thereof.
- product sheet which is a product
- the structure in which martensite is uniformly and finely dispersed in a ferrite matrix In order to achieve both the above excellent aging resistance and a high yield ratio, Nb and / or Ti are added in a total amount of about 0.04 mass%, and the ferrite crystal grain size is refined. It is effective.
- austenite Promotes transformation to ferrite, shrinks austenite to become finely dispersed in the ferrite matrix, promotes concentration of alloy elements in austenite, and then secondary cooling to transform austenite to martensite By doing so, martensite can be uniformly and finely dispersed in the ferrite matrix, and excellent aging resistance can be obtained.
- the present invention developed based on the above findings is C: 0.06-0.14 mass%, Si: less than 0.50 mass%, Mn: 1.6-2.5 mass%, P: 0.10 mass% or less, S: 0.020 mass% or less, Al: 0.01 to 0.10 mass%, N: 0.010 mass% or less, Nb: 0.080 mass% or less (including 0 mass%), Ti: 0.080 mass% or less (0 mass%) Nb and Ti in a total content of 0.020 to 0.080 mass%, with the balance being composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, with an area ratio of ferrite of 85% or more, and martensite of 3 15%, unrecrystallized ferrite is 5% or less, the average crystal grain size d of the ferrite is 2 to 8 ⁇ m, and the marten relative to the average crystal grain size d of the ferrite is
- the steel has a steel structure in which the ratio (L / d) of the average value L ( ⁇ m) of the nearest grain spacing of the steel
- cold the ratio of tensile strength TS D direction of 45 degrees to the rolling direction to the rolling direction with respect to the tensile strength TS C in the vertical direction (TS D / TS C) has mechanical properties at least 0.95 It is a rolled steel sheet.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is characterized by having a zinc-based plating layer on the surface of the steel sheet.
- the zinc-based plating layer in the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is any one of a hot-dip galvanized layer, an alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer, and an electrogalvanized layer.
- the present invention provides a steel material having the above-described component composition that has been hot-rolled, subjected to a soaking treatment at a temperature of 840 to 940 ° C. for 30 to 120 seconds, and then the soaking. Cooling from temperature to 600 ° C at 5 ° C / s or more, staying in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C for 30 to 300 seconds, and then subjecting it to secondary cooling, so that ferrite is 85% or more in area ratio
- the martensite is 3 to 15%, the unrecrystallized ferrite is 5% or less, the average crystal grain size d of the ferrite is 2 to 8 ⁇ m, and the nearest grain spacing of the martensite with respect to the average crystal grain size d of the ferrite is A steel structure having an average value L ( ⁇ m) ratio (L / d) of 0.20 to 0.80, a yield ratio YR perpendicular to the rolling direction of 0.68 or more, and a tensile strength perpendicular to the
- the method for producing a cold-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention is characterized in that hot dip galvanizing is performed on the surface of the steel sheet after staying in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C. and before secondary cooling.
- the method for producing the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is characterized in that alloyed hot-dip galvanizing is performed on the steel sheet surface after it stays in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C. and before the secondary cooling. To do.
- the method for producing the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is characterized in that after the secondary cooling, the surface of the steel sheet is subjected to electrogalvanization.
- the present invention by controlling the steel component composition, soaking annealing conditions in continuous annealing after cold rolling, and subsequent cooling conditions within an appropriate range, and by optimizing the steel sheet structure of the product plate, high strength
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is a cold-rolled steel sheet in which the steel sheet structure is appropriately controlled by cold-rolling a hot-rolled steel sheet having a predetermined composition and then performing continuous annealing at a high temperature.
- zinc-based plating such as electrogalvanized steel plate (GE), hot-dip galvanized steel plate (GI), and alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel plate (GA)
- GE electrogalvanized steel plate
- GI hot-dip galvanized steel plate
- GA alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel plate
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is preferably a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet having a tensile strength TS of 590 MPa or more from the viewpoint of reducing the weight and strength of the automobile body.
- the upper limit of the tensile strength is preferably about 800 MPa.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention has high strength, and also has no yield elongation YPEl even after accelerated aging held at 50 ° C. for 90 days.
- the yield ratio YR is 0.68 or more.
- the TS ratio defined by the ratio of the tensile strength TS D in the direction of 45 ° to the rolling direction (TS D / TS C ) with respect to the tensile strength T SC in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction is 0. It is necessary to be 95 or more. That is, the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is characterized by having excellent aging resistance and a high yield ratio in addition to high strength, and also having a small tensile strength anisotropy.
- a more preferable YR is 0.69 or more, and a more preferable TS ratio is 0.96 or more.
- the tensile strength TS and the yield ratio YR in the present invention are obtained by conducting a tensile test on a JIS No. 5 tensile specimen taken from a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction) in accordance with JIS Z 2241. This is the calculated value.
- Yield elongation YPEl is in accordance with JIS Z 2241 after subjecting JIS No. 5 tensile specimen taken from the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction) to accelerated aging treatment for 90 days at 50 ° C. Yield elongation when the tensile test is performed.
- the TS ratio was obtained by subjecting each of JIS No.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention has an area ratio of ferrite of 85% or more, martensite of 3 to 15%, non-recrystallized ferrite of 5% or less, and the average grain size d of the ferrite is
- the ratio (L / d) of the average value L ( ⁇ m) of the nearest grain spacing of the martensite to the average crystal grain size d ( ⁇ m) of the ferrite is 2 to 8 ⁇ m and is in the range of 0.20 to 0.80. It is necessary.
- the area ratio of each said structure in the steel structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet of this invention observed the position of sheet thickness 1/4 from the steel plate surface of a cross section (L cross section) perpendicular
- the average crystal grain size d of ferrite is an average value of equivalent circle diameters calculated from the observation area and the number of crystal grains in the SEM observation image.
- interval L of a martensite is the average separation distance between the nearest martensite calculated
- Ferrite 85% or more Ferrite is a structure forming the main phase in the steel structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention, and it is necessary that the area ratio is 85% or more in order to ensure good ductility. If it is less than 85%, the ratio of martensite or the like increases, so that the tensile strength may exceed the intended strength range of the present invention. Therefore, the area ratio of ferrite is set to 85% or more. Preferably it is 90% or more.
- Martensite 3-15% Martensite is a hard structure, and is an important structure that increases the tensile strength of the product plate and contributes to the improvement of aging resistance. If the martensite is less than 3% in terms of area ratio, the closest grain spacing L of the martensite increases and L / d exceeds 0.80, so that the aging resistance becomes inferior. On the other hand, when the area ratio of martensite exceeds 15%, the tensile strength is excessively increased as compared with the yield stress, so that the yield ratio is lowered. Therefore, martensite is in the range of 3 to 15% in area ratio. Preferably it is 5 to 12% of range.
- Non-recrystallized ferrite 5% or less non-recrystallized ferrite is adversely affected undesirable tissue anisotropy of the tensile strength, of the 45 ° direction to the rolling direction tensile strength TS D and 90 ° direction the ratio (TS D / TS C) a is TS ratio of tensile strength TS C to 0.95 or more, it is necessary that the non-recrystallized ferrite is 5% or less in area ratio.
- the amount of non-recrystallized ferrite is preferably as small as possible, preferably 3% or less, more preferably 0%.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention may include bainite, pearlite, and retained austenite as a steel structure other than the above in a total area ratio of 5% or less. More preferably, the total area ratio is 3% or less. If it is in the said range, the effect of this invention will not be impaired.
- the total area ratio includes 0%.
- Average crystal grain size d of ferrite 2 to 8 ⁇ m
- the average crystal grain size of ferrite is an important requirement for achieving both a yield ratio of 0.68 or more and excellent aging resistance.
- L / d exceeds 0.80, which results in deterioration of aging resistance.
- the average crystal grain size of ferrite exceeds 8 ⁇ m, the yield stress YS decreases, so that the yield ratio YR cannot be secured at 0.68 or more. Therefore, the average crystal grain size of ferrite is in the range of 2 to 8 ⁇ m. Preferably, it is in the range of 3 to 7 ⁇ m.
- L / d 0.20 to 0.80
- the ratio (L / d) of the average value L ( ⁇ m) of the nearest grain spacing of martensite to the average crystal grain size d ( ⁇ m) of ferrite is an important requirement for obtaining excellent aging resistance. The cause of this is not necessarily clear, but when martensite is generated, it is possible that a compressive stress field is generated in ferrite surrounding martensite due to volume expansion during transformation. However, when L / d is less than 0.20, martensite is divided by bainite or the like and is not uniformly dispersed in the ferrite matrix, and the above effect cannot be obtained, so that the aging resistance is lowered.
- L / d when L / d exceeds 0.80, the distance between martensite becomes too large with respect to the ferrite grain size, and sufficient compressive stress is not applied to the ferrite, so that the aging resistance is lowered. For this reason, L / d needs to be in the range of 0.20 to 0.80. The range is preferably 0.30 to 0.60.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention has, as basic components, C: 0.06 to 0.14 mass%, Si: less than 0.50 mass%, Mn: 1.6 to 2.5 mass%, P: 0.10 mass% or less, S: 0.020 mass% or less, Al: 0.01 to 0.10 mass%, N: 0.010 mass% or less, Nb: 0.080 mass% or less (including 0 mass%), Ti: 0.080 mass% or less (0 mass) And a component composition containing Nb and Ti in a total amount of 0.020 to 0.080 mass%. This will be specifically described below.
- C 0.06 to 0.14 mass%
- C is an element effective for increasing the yield stress and tensile strength because it increases the martensite fraction in the steel sheet structure.
- C also contributes to the improvement of aging resistance through the dispersion form of martensite.
- the C content is less than 0.06 mass%, the martensite is less than 3% in area ratio, and the martensite is not finely dispersed in the ferrite matrix, so that the excellent aging resistance aimed by the present invention cannot be obtained.
- the C content exceeds 0.14 mass%, martensite is excessively generated, and the tensile strength is greatly increased as compared with the yield stress. Therefore, the high yield ratio intended by the present invention cannot be obtained.
- C is in the range of 0.06 to 0.14 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.07 to 0.12 mass%.
- Si Less than 0.50 mass% Si is an element effective for increasing the yield stress and tensile strength because it solidifies and strengthens ferrite. However, Si concentrates on the surface of the steel sheet during soaking of continuous annealing to form an oxide and lower the surface quality of the product plate. Therefore, in the present invention, the Si content is limited to less than 0.50 mass%. To do. Preferably it is 0.30 mass% or less, More preferably, it is less than 0.30 mass%, More preferably, it is less than 0.25 mass%. Since yield stress and tensile strength can be increased by methods other than Si addition, Si does not need to be positively added in the present invention. The lower limit of the Si content is preferably 0.005 mass% from the viewpoint of melting cost.
- Mn 1.6 to 2.5 mass% Mn increases the fraction of martensite in the steel sheet structure, and is therefore an effective element for increasing yield stress and tensile strength.
- Mn content is less than 1.6 mass%, the above effects are small, and martensite is less than 3% in terms of area ratio, so that excellent aging resistance cannot be obtained.
- Mn content exceeds 2.5 mass%, martensite is excessively generated, so that the yield ratio decreases. Therefore, the Mn content is in the range of 1.6 to 2.5 mass%. The range of 1.8 to 2.3 mass% is preferable.
- P 0.10 mass% or less
- P is an element effective for increasing yield stress and tensile strength because it strengthens ferrite in solid solution, and can be added as appropriate to obtain the above effects.
- 0.001 mass% or more is preferably added.
- the effect of solid solution strengthening is not only saturated, but also the spot weldability is reduced.
- the surface quality of the product plate is lowered. Therefore, the P content is limited to 0.10 mass% or less.
- it is 0.030 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 0.020 mass% or less.
- S 0.020 mass% or less
- S is an impurity element inevitably mixed in the steel in the refining process, and forms inclusions such as MnS to reduce the ductility during hot rolling and reduce surface defects. It is preferable to reduce it as much as possible because it causes or impairs the surface quality of the product plate. Therefore, in the present invention, S is limited to 0.020 mass% or less. Preferably it is 0.010 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 0.005 mass% or less. In addition, the lower limit of the S content is preferably 0.0001 mass% from the viewpoint of melting cost.
- Al 0.01-0.10 mass%
- Al is an element added as a deoxidizing material and for fixing solute N as AlN in the refining process. In order to sufficiently obtain the above effects, it is necessary to add 0.01 mass% or more. On the other hand, if the amount of Al added exceeds 0.10 mass%, coarse AlN precipitates during casting solidification, which may cause surface defects such as slab cracking. Therefore, the Al content is in the range of 0.01 to 0.10 mass%. The range is preferably 0.01 to 0.07 mass%, more preferably 0.01 to 0.06 mass%.
- N 0.010 mass% or less
- N is an impurity element inevitably mixed in the steel in the refining process.
- the N content exceeds 0.010 mass%, coarse Nb carbonitride or Ti carbonitride precipitates at the time of casting solidification, for example, causes cracking on the slab surface when the slab is bent back in continuous casting, Even if the slab is reheated prior to hot rolling, the slab is not sufficiently dissolved and remains as a coarse precipitate, which may lead to a decrease in formability of the product plate. Therefore, the N content is limited to 0.010 mass% or less. Preferably it is 0.005 mass% or less. The lower limit of the N content is preferably 0.0005 mass% from the viewpoint of melting cost.
- Nb 0.080 mass% or less (including 0 mass%)
- Ti 0.080 mass% or less (including 0 mass%)
- Nb and Ti are both important elements that contribute to refinement of ferrite average grains and increase in yield ratio by precipitation as Nb carbonitrides and Ti carbonitrides during temperature rise and soaking in continuous annealing. It is. The above effects of Nb and Ti are almost equivalent. If Nb and Ti are less than 0.020 mass% in total, the precipitation amount of Nb carbonitride and Ti carbonitride is small, and ferrite is coarsened during continuous annealing, and a fine ferrite average crystal grain size cannot be obtained.
- the high yield ratio intended by the invention cannot be obtained.
- the total of Nb and Ti exceeds 0.080 mass%, not only will the effect be saturated, but a large amount of unrecrystallized ferrite will remain on the product plate, increasing the tensile strength, Strength anisotropy also increases.
- coarse Nb carbonitrides and Ti carbonitrides are produced during casting and solidification to cause slab cracking, and precipitated Nb carbonitrides and Ti carbonitrides are not sufficiently dissolved during slab reheating. May cause surface defects.
- Nb and Ti are Nb: 0.080 mass% or less (including 0 mass%), Ti: 0.080 mass% or less (including 0 mass%), and the total of Nb and Ti: 0.020 to 0.080 mass % Range is required.
- Nb 0.060 mass% or less (including 0 mass%), Ti: 0.060 mass% or less (including 0 mass%), and the total of Nb and Ti: 0.030 to 0.060 mass%, more preferably Nb: 0.050 mass% or less (including 0 mass%), Ti: 0.050 mass% or less (including 0 mass%), and the total of Nb and Ti: 0.030 to 0.050 mass%.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention further includes, as an optional additive component in addition to the above basic components, Cr: 0.3 mass% or less, Mo: 0.3 mass% or less, B: 0.005 mass% or less, Cu: 0.00%. You may contain 1 type (s) or 2 or more types chosen from 3 mass% or less, Ni: 0.3 mass% or less, and Sb: 0.3 mass% or less.
- Cr 0.3 mass% or less Cr can be added because it has effects of improving hardenability and increasing martensite. In order to acquire the said effect, it is preferable to add 0.02 mass% or more. However, if it exceeds 0.3 mass%, the hardenability is excessively improved, and martensite is excessively generated, which may lead to a decrease in yield ratio. Moreover, at the time of continuous annealing, it concentrates on the steel plate surface, there exists a possibility of an oxide producing
- Mo 0.3 mass% or less Mo can be added because it has effects of improving hardenability and increasing martensite. In order to acquire the said effect, it is preferable to add 0.02 mass% or more. However, if it exceeds 0.3 mass%, the hardenability is excessively improved, and martensite is excessively generated, which may lead to a decrease in yield ratio. Moreover, when a product board is a cold-rolled steel sheet, there exists a possibility of causing deterioration of chemical conversion property. Therefore, when adding Mo, it is preferable to set it as 0.3 mass% or less. More preferably, it is 0.2 mass% or less.
- B 0.005 mass% or less B can be added because it has effects of improving hardenability and increasing martensite. In order to acquire the said effect, adding 0.0005 mass% or more is preferable. However, if it exceeds 0.005 mass%, the hardenability is excessively improved, and martensite is generated excessively, which may lead to a decrease in yield ratio. Therefore, when adding B, it is preferable to set it as 0.005 mass% or less. More preferably, it is 0.002 mass% or less.
- Cu 0.3 mass% or less Cu can be added because it has effects of improving hardenability and increasing martensite. In order to acquire the said effect, it is preferable to add 0.02 mass% or more. However, if it exceeds 0.3 mass%, the hardenability is excessively improved, and martensite is excessively generated, which may lead to a decrease in yield ratio. Moreover, when a product board is a cold-rolled steel sheet, there exists a possibility of causing deterioration of chemical conversion property. In addition, when the product plate is an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel plate, the alloying reaction is delayed, which may increase the temperature of the alloying treatment. Therefore, when adding Cu, it is preferable to set it as 0.3 mass% or less. More preferably, it is 0.2 mass% or less.
- Ni 0.3 mass% or less Ni can be added because it has the effect of improving hardenability and increasing martensite. In order to acquire the said effect, it is preferable to add 0.02 mass% or more. However, if it exceeds 0.3 mass%, the hardenability is excessively improved, and martensite is excessively generated, which may lead to a decrease in yield ratio. Therefore, when adding Ni, it is preferable to set it as 0.3 mass% or less. More preferably, it is 0.2 mass% or less.
- Sb 0.3 mass% or less Sb can be added because it has the effect of improving hardenability and increasing martensite. In order to acquire the said effect, adding 0.0005 mass% or more is preferable. However, if it exceeds 0.3 mass%, the steel becomes brittle and the bendability of the product plate may be reduced. Therefore, when adding Sb, it is preferable to set it as 0.3 mass% or less. More preferably, it is 0.02 mass% or less.
- the balance other than the above components is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention may contain Sn, Co, W, Ca, Na, Mg, and the like as unavoidable impurities in addition to the above components as long as the total is 0.01 mass% or less. Good.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is a steel slab (steel slab) produced by melting steel having the above composition by a generally known refining process, and then hot-rolling the slab to form a hot-rolled sheet.
- the steel sheet is descaled and cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled sheet having a predetermined thickness, followed by continuous annealing that imparts a predetermined steel structure and mechanical properties.
- the steel plate which performed the said continuous annealing is good also as a product plate of a cold-rolled steel plate (CR) as it is, and it is good also as electrogalvanizing to the said cold-rolled steel plate and making it an electrogalvanized steel plate (GE).
- a hot dip galvanized steel sheet is incorporated by incorporating a hot dip galvanizing process into the continuous annealing process, and further, an alloying treatment is applied to the hot dip galvanized steel sheet (GI) to obtain an alloyed hot dip galvanized steel sheet ( GA).
- an alloying treatment is applied to the hot dip galvanized steel sheet (GI) to obtain an alloyed hot dip galvanized steel sheet ( GA).
- the steel sheet after the continuous annealing or after the zinc-based plating treatment may be further subjected to temper rolling or the like. This will be specifically described below.
- the steel slab (steel piece) that is the material of the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is prepared by secondarily refining the molten steel blown in a converter or the like with a vacuum degassing apparatus or the like to the above predetermined component composition, Production may be carried out using a conventionally known method such as an ingot-bundling rolling method or a continuous casting method, and the production method is not particularly limited as long as no significant segregation of components or uneven structure occurs.
- the as-cast high-temperature slab may be rolled as it is (direct feed rolling), or the slab cooled to room temperature may be reheated and then rolled.
- the heating temperature in reheating the slab is preferably 1100 ° C. or higher at the slab surface temperature in order to sufficiently dissolve Nb carbonitride and Ti carbonitride precipitated in the slab. It is more preferable to set the temperature to be equal to or higher.
- the steel slab is roughly rolled, finish-rolled into a hot-rolled sheet having a predetermined thickness, cooled to a predetermined temperature, and wound around a coil.
- the rough rolling may be performed according to a conventional method, and there is no particular limitation.
- the finish rolling is preferably performed with the rolling end temperature FT being equal to or higher than the Ar 3 transformation point.
- the finish rolling finish temperature is lower than the Ar 3 transformation point, a rolled texture containing coarse ferrite grains elongated in the rolling direction is formed in the steel structure of the hot rolled sheet, so that the ductility of the product sheet is reduced and the TS ratio is reduced. May cause deterioration.
- the surface temperature of the steel sheet is used as the rolling end temperature FT.
- the Ar 3 transformation point is a temperature at which ferrite transformation starts when continuously cooled at 1 ° C./s from the austenite single-phase temperature range using, for example, a transformation point measuring device such as a Formaster tester.
- the cooling after the hot rolling is preferably performed so that the residence time in the temperature range from the finish rolling finish temperature to 600 ° C. is within 10 seconds.
- the reason for this is not necessarily clear, but after finishing rolling, nuclei of Nb carbonitride and Ti carbonitride are generated following ferrite formation, but when the residence time exceeds 10 seconds. Since only some of the generated nuclei grow and coarsen, Nb carbonitride and Ti carbonitride grown in a relatively low temperature region after coil winding, and nucleation and growth after coil winding This is because the dispersion of the tensile strength in the plate width direction may increase due to the presence of fine precipitates of Nb carbonitride and Ti carbonitride.
- the lower limit of the residence time in the above temperature range is to nucleate Nb carbonitride and Ti carbonitride uniformly in the plate width direction before winding on the coil, and continuous annealing after coil winding and thereafter, From the viewpoint of reducing variation in tensile strength in the plate width direction by uniformly growing and dispersing Nb carbonitride and Ti carbonitride, it is preferable that the time be 2 seconds or longer.
- the coil winding temperature CT is controlled within the range of 600 to 500 ° C. from the viewpoint of uniformly depositing Nb carbonitride and Ti carbonitride and reducing variation in tensile strength in the width direction of the steel sheet. preferable.
- the coiling temperature is less than 500 ° C., during the cooling after coiling, precipitation of Nb and Ti carbonitrides does not sufficiently occur at the end of the plate width where the temperature is likely to decrease, and during the subsequent continuous annealing heating and Since coarse Nb and Ti carbonitrides precipitate during soaking, the tensile strength at the end of the plate width decreases, and the variation in tensile strength in the plate width direction increases.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet (hot-rolled sheet) is preferably pickled and then cold-rolled at a rolling reduction of 35 to 80% to obtain a cold-rolled sheet having a predetermined thickness. If the cold rolling reduction is less than 35%, recrystallization of ferrite in continuous annealing tends to be insufficient, and the anisotropy of tensile strength increases, the uniform elongation decreases, and the formability decreases. On the other hand, when the rolling reduction exceeds 80%, the rolling texture of ferrite develops excessively, and the anisotropy of tensile strength increases. More preferably, it is in the range of 40 to 75%.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet (cold-rolled sheet) is then subjected to continuous annealing that recrystallizes the rolled steel sheet structure and imparts a desired steel structure and mechanical properties to the product sheet.
- continuous annealing heating is performed to a temperature range of 840 to 940 ° C., soaking is performed for 30 to 120 seconds in the temperature range, and then the soaking temperature to 600 ° C. is changed to an average cooling rate of 5 It is important that the primary cooling is performed at a temperature of at least ° C./s, the secondary cooling is performed at a temperature of 600 to 500 ° C. for 30 to 300 seconds, and then cooled to 100 ° C. or less.
- the heating rate up to the soaking temperature is preferably 2 ° C./s or more from the viewpoint of suppressing excessive crystal grain growth of ferrite and from the viewpoint of ensuring productivity. / S or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit of the rate of temperature increase up to the soaking temperature is not particularly limited, but if it is 50 ° C./s or less, there is no need for huge equipment investment such as an induction heating device, and a radiant tube method or direct flame heating Since it can heat by a system or those combinations, it is preferred.
- Soaking temperature 840-940 ° C
- the soaking annealing temperature of continuous annealing is an important requirement in order to sufficiently recrystallize the rolled structure.
- austenite is formed by soaking in the temperature range, and the ferrite transformation of austenite proceeds moderately during the subsequent residence in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C. The fraction and the nearest particle spacing of martensite are obtained.
- the soaking temperature is less than 840 ° C., the rolled structure is not sufficiently recrystallized and unrecrystallized ferrite remains, so that the anisotropy of tensile strength increases.
- austenite at the time of soaking is dispersed in the non-recrystallized ferrite matrix, the distribution of austenite becomes non-uniform, and the closest grain spacing of martensite exceeds a predetermined range.
- the soaking temperature exceeds 940 ° C., the average crystal grain size of the recrystallized ferrite becomes coarse, and a desired yield ratio cannot be obtained.
- the range is preferably 850 to 900 ° C.
- Soaking time 30 to 120 seconds
- the soaking time for continuous annealing is to recrystallize the rolled structure sufficiently, as well as soaking temperature, and to generate austenite necessary for obtaining a predetermined martensite fraction. This is an important requirement, and needs to be in the range of 30 to 120 seconds. If the soaking time is less than 30 seconds, a large amount of unrecrystallized ferrite remains and the anisotropy of tensile strength increases. On the other hand, if the soaking time exceeds 120 seconds, the average grain size of the recrystallized ferrite becomes coarse, and the ferrite average grain size of the product plate exceeds 8 ⁇ m.
- a preferable soaking annealing time is in the range of 40 to 100 seconds.
- the atmosphere during soaking is performed in a reducing atmosphere such as a mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and hydrogen from the viewpoint of securing the appearance quality of the steel sheet surface.
- the dew point during soaking is preferably as low as possible from the viewpoint of preventing temper color and ensuring subsequent plating by preventing the concentration of Mn, Si, etc. on the steel sheet surface. Specifically, it is preferably ⁇ 35 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. or lower.
- Average cooling rate in primary cooling to 600 ° C . 5 ° C./s or more
- Primary cooling from soaking temperature to 600 ° C. in continuous annealing is 600 ° C. or less while maintaining the austenite fraction obtained during soaking.
- the excessive transformation of austenite is suppressed, fine austenite is dispersed in the ferrite matrix at the time of residence in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C., and then the predetermined martensite is obtained by secondary cooling. This is an important requirement for obtaining a fraction, and the average cooling rate needs to be 5 ° C./s or more.
- a preferable average cooling rate is 10 ° C./s or more.
- the upper limit of the average cooling rate is preferably 100 ° C./s.
- the upper limit of the average cooling rate is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 100 ° C./s because a large capital investment is not required.
- the cooling method is not particularly limited, and for example, gas jet cooling, roll cooling, mist cooling, air-water cooling, or a combination thereof can be employed.
- the steel sheet structure of the product plate is set to the desired martensite fraction and the nearest particle spacing of martensite by secondary cooling described later. For this reason, it is important to retain for 30 to 300 seconds in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C. after the primary cooling.
- the reason why the temperature range for the retention is 600 to 500 ° C. is that when the retention temperature exceeds 600 ° C., the austenite undergoes sparse ferrite nucleation, so the nearest martensite particle spacing is predetermined.
- the temperature is lower than 500 ° C.
- austenite is transformed into bainite, so that austenite is divided into bainite and becomes a dispersed state, and the nearest particle interval of martensite obtained after secondary cooling is within a predetermined range. It is because it falls below.
- the reason for setting the residence time in the above temperature range to 30 to 300 seconds is that the above-mentioned time causes the generation of ferrite nuclei from austenite to occur uniformly and finely, and the austenite shrinks isotropically to form a ferrite matrix. It becomes evenly dispersed in the inside.
- the austenite is martensite transformed by secondary cooling to obtain the martensite fraction and the nearest particle spacing of martensite desired by the present invention.
- the residence time in the above temperature range is less than 30 seconds, the transformation of austenite to ferrite does not proceed sufficiently, and subsequent secondary cooling produces martensite exceeding 15% in area ratio. High yield ratio cannot be obtained.
- the residence time in the above temperature range exceeds 300 seconds, the decomposition of austenite proceeds excessively, so that the desired martensite fraction cannot be secured in the subsequent secondary cooling, and the aging resistance decreases. It is. Preferably, it is in the range of 45 to 180 seconds.
- the residence time in the above temperature range is the total time during which the steel sheet stays between 600 ° C. and 500 ° C. during cooling, regardless of whether the temperature is being maintained during cooling.
- the steel sheet retained in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C. for 30 to 300 seconds is then subjected to martensite transformation of the austenite uniformly and finely dispersed in the ferrite matrix by the retention, so that a predetermined fraction of martensite is obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to perform secondary cooling from the above residence temperature range in order to obtain a steel sheet structure having a predetermined nearest particle interval and uniformly finely dispersed in the ferrite matrix.
- the end point temperature of the secondary cooling is preferably set to a temperature of 100 ° C. or less at which tempering does not occur in the generated martensite.
- the average cooling rate in the secondary cooling is not particularly specified since C and Mn are concentrated in the austenite until the secondary cooling, and the thermal stability of the austenite is very high. A range of 100 ° C./s is preferable. If the average cooling rate is less than 5 ° C./s, austenite may be transformed into bainite and a predetermined martensite fraction may not be obtained. On the other hand, in order to exceed the average cooling rate of 100 ° C./s, a large capital investment is required, which is not preferable.
- the cooling means for the secondary cooling may be gas jet cooling, roll cooling, mist cooling, air / water cooling, water cooling, or a combination thereof, and is not particularly limited.
- the timing of performing the secondary cooling differs depending on whether the target product plate is a cold-rolled steel plate, an electrogalvanized steel plate, a hot-dip galvanized steel plate, or an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel plate.
- the product plate stays in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C. for 30 to 300 seconds, and then immediately undergoes secondary cooling.
- the product plate is an electrogalvanized steel sheet GE, the product plate stays in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C. for 30 to 300 seconds, immediately cools secondarily, and then electrogalvanizes.
- hot-dip galvanized steel sheet When the product plate is a hot dip galvanized steel sheet GI, it stays in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C. for 30 to 300 seconds and is introduced into a hot dip galvanizing bath maintained at a temperature of 460 to 500 ° C. After plating, secondary cooling is performed.
- the product plate is an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel plate, it stays in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C for 30 to 300 seconds, and then is introduced into a hot-dip galvanizing bath maintained at a temperature of 460 to 500 ° C for melting. After galvanizing and alloying treatment, secondary cooling is performed.
- the alloying treatment is generally held at a temperature of 450 to 560 ° C. for 5 to 30 seconds. When the holding temperature is less than 450 ° C. and / or the holding time is less than 5 seconds, alloying does not proceed sufficiently and the plating adhesion and corrosion resistance deteriorate. On the other hand, if the holding temperature exceeds 560 ° C.
- the retention time of the alloying treatment is not included in the above-mentioned residence time in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C. However, when the alloying treatment temperature is 500 ° C. or higher, the total of the residence time is 300. It is preferable to control so that it is less than a second.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet and galvanized steel sheet obtained as described above may be further subjected to temper rolling with an elongation of 0.1 to 3.0% for the purpose of correcting the shape of the product sheet. If the elongation is less than 0.1%, shape correction may not be sufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3.0%, the product shape may deteriorate. For this reason, the elongation is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3.0%. Further, the steel sheet may be further subjected to a surface treatment such as a chemical conversion treatment or an organic coating treatment, or a coating treatment.
- the steel slabs with signs A to P having various composition shown in Table 1 were heated to a temperature of 1250 ° C. for 1 hour, and then hot-rolled to a finish rolling finish temperature of 900 ° C. of Ar 3 or higher.
- a hot-rolled sheet having a plate thickness of 3.2 mm was cooled to 540 ° C. and wound around a coil.
- the hot-rolled sheet is pickled, cold-rolled into a cold-rolled sheet having a thickness of 1.4 mm, and then subjected to continuous annealing under various conditions shown in Table 2 to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet CR,
- hot dip galvanization was performed to obtain a hot dip galvanized steel sheet GI, or after continuous annealing and hot dip galvanizing, alloying was performed to obtain an alloyed hot dip galvanized steel sheet GA.
- heating was performed from 20 ° C. to the soaking temperature at an average heating rate of 4 ° C./s.
- the bath temperature of the said hot dip galvanization was 470 degreeC, and the subsequent alloying process was made into the conditions hold
- Each of the cold-rolled steel sheet, hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, and alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet obtained as described above was subjected to temper rolling with an elongation of 0.5%. Product plates 1 to 29 were used.
- Test pieces were collected from the center of the plate width of product plates 1 to 29, and the steel plate structure and mechanical properties were evaluated by the following methods.
- ⁇ Steel structure> -Area ratio of ferrite, martensite, non-recrystallized ferrite and other structures The test piece taken from the center of the plate width was observed by SEM over a range of 5000 ⁇ m 2 from the surface of the steel plate having a cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction (L cross section), and ASTM E 562 The area ratio of each tissue was determined by the point count method defined in 05.
- Ferrite average crystal grain size d From the number of crystal grains and the observation area in the SEM image ranging from the 5000 .mu.m 2, it was determined ferrite grain diameter of the circle equivalent diameter.
- -Martensite closest particle spacing L The SEM observation image over the range of 5000 ⁇ m 2 was determined by analyzing using a particle analysis software.
- ⁇ Mechanical properties> -Tensile strength TS and yield ratio YR A JIS No. 5 tensile test piece having a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction) as the tensile direction is prepared from the test piece taken from the center of the plate width, and a tensile test is performed in accordance with JIS Z 2241 to yield.
- the stress YS and the tensile strength TS were measured to determine the yield ratio YR.
- ⁇ Aging resistance A JIS No. 5 tensile test piece having a tensile direction in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction) was prepared from the test piece collected from the center of the plate width and subjected to accelerated aging treatment that was maintained at 50 ° C. for 90 days. Thereafter, a tensile test was performed in accordance with JIS Z 2241 to measure the yield elongation YPEL.
- -TS ratio A JIS No.
- tensile test piece having a tensile direction in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction) and 45 ° direction (D direction) is prepared from the specimen taken from the center of the plate width, and conforms to JIS Z 2241 to tensile testing to determine the ratio of the tensile strength TS D of the D direction to the tensile strength of the resulting C direction of TS C (TS D / TS C ).
- Table 2 shows the following. No. Since the steel components 1 to 10 and 17 to 21 both satisfy the requirements of the present invention in terms of the composition of the steel and the production conditions (continuous annealing conditions), all of the tensile strength, yield ratio, and aging resistance are The invention has the intended characteristics. In contrast, no. In the steel plates 11 to 15, the composition of the steel is outside the range of the present invention, so that the desired steel structure cannot be obtained and the high strength intended by the present invention is not obtained. No. The steel plate No. 16 satisfies the present invention in mechanical properties, but its surface quality is inferior because the Si content is 0.60 mass%, which is higher than the range of the present invention. No.
- the soaking annealing conditions in the continuous annealing are outside the scope of the present invention, so the steel sheet structure is outside the scope of the present invention, and the intended high strength is not obtained.
- the yield ratio is lowered, and the target range of the present invention is not obtained.
- No. The 28 steel plates were cooled to 600 ° C. at 15 ° C./s by primary cooling after soaking, subsequently cooled to less than 500 ° C., retained in a temperature range of less than 500 ° C. for 60 seconds, and then alloyed and melted This is an example in which the dwell time in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C. is 10 seconds because of the galvanization treatment, and since the dwell time in the temperature range of 600 to 500 ° C.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is not only suitable as a material for high-strength members such as skeleton members and collision-resistant members for automobile bodies, but also has high strength, high yield ratio, and excellent aging resistance and tensile properties. It can be suitably used as a material for uses requiring isotropic properties.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1には、Nb、TiおよびVから選ばれる1種以上を合計で0.008~0.05mass%含有する冷延板を、(Ac1+Ac3)/2~Ac3と比較的高温の二相温度域で均熱焼鈍した後、400℃未満まで2~200℃/sの冷却速度で冷却することで、フェライトを主相とし、第2相としてマルテンサイトを含む鋼組織からなる、伸びフランジ性と耐衝突特性に優れた高強度鋼板を得る技術が開示されている。
また、上記特許文献2の技術は、NbやTiの添加量が少なく、フェライト粒が粗大化して、降伏応力が低下するため、得られる鋼板の降伏比は高々0.60程度であり、本発明が目的とする高い降伏比を達成することはできない。
また、上記特許文献3の技術は、低温焼鈍を志向しているため、鋼板組織中のフェライトの大部分が未再結晶フェライトとなるため、引張強さの異方性が大きくなるという問題がある。
また、上記特許文献4の技術は、Mn含有量が比較的少なく、鋼板組織の第2相中に占めるマルテンサイトの分率が少ないため、本発明が目的とする優れた耐時効性が得られない。
また、上記特許文献5の技術は、低温焼鈍を志向しており、しかも、CやMnの含有量が少ないため、マルテンサイトの生成量が少なくなり、本発明が目的とする耐時効性に優れた高強度鋼板が得られない。
上記のように、従来技術においては、高強度でありながら、優れた耐時効性と高い降伏比を有し、しかも、引張強さの等方性に優れる冷延鋼板を製造する技術は確立されていない。
(1) 製品である冷延鋼板(以降、「製品板」ともいう。)に優れた耐時効性を付与するためには、鋼板組織をフェライト基地中にマルテンサイトが均一微細に分散した組織とすることが、また、上記の優れた耐時効性と高い降伏比とを両立させるためには、Nbおよび/またはTiを合計で0.04mass%程度添加し、フェライト結晶粒径の微細化を図ることが有効である。
(2) 製品板のフェライト組織中に、未再結晶のフェライトが多く残留していると、引張強さの異方性が著しく増大する。そのため、冷間圧延後の連続焼鈍における焼鈍温度(均熱温度)を高め、再結晶を十分に進行させるのが望ましい。しかし、高温焼鈍すると、オーステナイトが多量に生成するため、均熱後の冷却速度が遅い場合には、オーステナイトがフェライトに変態した後、引き続いてパーライトが生成するため、その後の冷却でマルテンサイトが十分に得られず、また、1次冷却後の保持温度を制御しない場合には、オーステナイトがベイナイトに変態してマルテンサイトがベイナイトなどで分断された分散状態となり、マルテンサイトをフェライト基地中に均一分散させることができなくなるため、優れた耐時効性が得られない。
(3) しかし、高温で均熱焼鈍後、600℃までを急冷(1次冷却)して、冷却中のパーライト変態を抑制した後、600~500℃の温度域で一定時間滞留して、オーステナイトのフェライトへの変態を促進し、オーステナイトを縮小させてフェライト基地中に微細分散した状態するとともに、オーステナイト中への合金元素の濃化を促進した後、2次冷却してオーステナイトをマルテンサイトに変態させることで、マルテンサイトをフェライト基地中に均一微細に分散させることができ、優れた耐時効性を得ることができる。
(4) すなわち、NbやTiを適正量添加し、連続焼鈍における均熱焼鈍温度とその後の冷却条件を適正に制御し、鋼板組織におけるフェライト基地中のマルテンサイトの分散状態を適正に制御することで、高強度で、優れた耐時効性と高い降伏比を有し、しかも、引張強さの等方性に優れる冷延鋼板を得ることができる。
本発明の冷延鋼板は、所定の成分組成を有する熱延鋼板を冷間圧延した後、高温で連続焼鈍を施すことにより、鋼板組織を適正に制御した冷延鋼板であり、上記冷延鋼板には、上記連続焼鈍を施したままの冷延鋼板(CR)の他、電気亜鉛めっき鋼板(GE)、溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(GI)、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(GA)等の亜鉛系めっき層を有する冷延鋼板も含まれる。
本発明の冷延鋼板は、その鋼組織が、面積率で、フェライトが85%以上、マルテンサイトが3~15%、未再結晶フェライトが5%以下で、上記フェライトの平均結晶粒径dが2~8μm、上記フェライトの平均結晶粒径d(μm)に対する上記マルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔の平均値L(μm)の比(L/d)が0.20~0.80の範囲にあることが必要である。
フェライトは、本発明の冷延鋼板の鋼組織において、主相をなす組織であり、良好な延性を確保するため、面積率で85%以上存在することが必要である。85%未満では、マルテンサイト等の比率が増加するため、引張強さが本発明が目的とする強度範囲を超えてしまうおそれがある。よって、フェライトの面積率を85%以上とする。好ましくは90%以上である。
マルテンサイトは、硬質な組織であり、製品板の引張強さを高めるとともに、耐時効性の向上にも寄与する重要な組織である。マルテンサイトが面積率で3%未満では、マルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔Lが増大してL/dが0.80を超えるため、耐時効性が劣るようになる。一方、マルテンサイトの面積率が15%を超えると、降伏応力に比べて引張強さが過度に上昇するため、降伏比が低下してしまう。そのため、マルテンサイトは、面積率で3~15%の範囲とする。好ましくは5~12%の範囲である。
未再結晶フェライトは、引張強さの異方性に悪影響を及ぼす好ましくない組織であり、圧延方向に対して45°方向の引張強さTSDと90°方向の引張強さTSCの比(TSD/TSC)であるTS比を0.95以上とするためには、未再結晶フェライトが面積率で5%以下であることが必要である。なお、本発明においては、未再結晶フェライトは少ないほどよく、好ましくは3%以下、より好ましくは0%である。
本発明の冷延鋼板において、フェライトの平均結晶粒径は、0.68以上の降伏比と優れた耐時効性を両立するための重要な要件である。フェライトの平均結晶粒径dが2μm未満では、L/dが0.80を超えるため、耐時効性の低下を招く。一方、フェライトの平均結晶粒径が8μmを超えると、降伏応力YSが低下するため、降伏比YRが0.68以上を確保できなくなる。よって、フェライトの平均結晶粒径は2~8μmの範囲とする。好ましくは3~7μmの範囲である。
フェライトの平均結晶粒径d(μm)に対するマルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔の平均値L(μm)の比(L/d)は、優れた耐時効性を得るための重要な要件である。この原因は必ずしも明らかではないが、マルテンサイトが生成すると、変態時の体積膨張によってマルテンサイトを囲むフェライトに圧縮応力場が発生することが何らかの影響を及ぼしている可能性が考えられる。しかし、L/dが0.20未満では、マルテンサイトがベイナイトなどで分断されており、フェライト基地中に均一に分散しなくなり、上記効果が得られなくなるため、耐時効性が低下する。一方、L/dが0.80を超えると、フェライト粒径に対してマルテンサイト間の距離が大きくなり過ぎ、フェライトに十分な圧縮応力が付与されなくなるため、耐時効性が低下する。このため、L/dは、0.20~0.80の範囲とする必要がある。好ましくは0.30~0.60の範囲である。
本発明の冷延鋼板は、基本成分として、C:0.06~0.14mass%、Si:0.50mass%未満、Mn:1.6~2.5mass%、P:0.10mass%以下、S:0.020mass%以下、Al:0.01~0.10mass%、N:0.010mass%以下、Nb:0.080mass%以下(0mass%を含む)、Ti:0.080mass%以下(0mass%を含む)、かつ、NbとTiを合計で0.020~0.080mass%を含有する成分組成を有する。以下、具体的に説明する。
Cは、鋼板組織中のマルテンサイトの分率を増加させることから、降伏応力と引張強さを高めるのに有効な元素である。また、Cは、マルテンサイトの分散形態を介して、耐時効性の向上にも寄与する。C含有量が0.06mass%未満では、マルテンサイトが面積率で3%未満となり、マルテンサイトがフェライト基地中に微細分散しなくなるため、本発明が目的とする優れた耐時効性が得られない。一方、C含有量が0.14mass%を超えると、マルテンサイトが過度に生成して、降伏応力に比べて引張強さが大きく上昇するため、本発明が目的とする高降伏比が得られなくなる。よって、Cは0.06~0.14mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.07~0.12mass%の範囲である。
Siは、フェライトを固溶強化するので、降伏応力と引張強さを高めるのに有効な元素である。しかし、Siは、連続焼鈍の均熱焼鈍時に鋼板表面に濃化して酸化物を形成し、製品板の表面品質を低下させるため、本発明では、Siの含有量を0.50mass%未満に制限する。好ましくは0.30mass%以下、より好ましくは0.30mass%未満、さらに好ましくは0.25mass%未満である。なお、降伏応力や引張強さは、Si添加以外の方法でも高めることができるので、本発明においては、Siを積極的に添加しなくてもよい。なお、Si含有量の下限は、溶製コストの観点から、好ましくは0.005mass%である。
Mnは、鋼板組織中のマルテンサイトの分率を増加させることから、降伏応力と引張強さを高めるのに有効な元素である。しかし、Mn含有量が1.6mass%未満では、上記の効果が小さく、マルテンサイトが面積率で3%未満となるため、優れた耐時効性が得られない。一方、Mn含有量が2.5mass%を超えると、マルテンサイトが過度に生成するため、降伏比が低下する。よってMnの含有量は1.6~2.5mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは1.8~2.3mass%の範囲である。
Pは、フェライトを固溶強化することから、降伏応力と引張強さを高めるのに有効な元素であり、上記効果を得るため、適宜添加することができる。上記Pの効果を得るためには、0.001mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。しかし、0.10mass%を超えて添加しても、固溶強化の効果は飽和するだけでなく、スポット溶接性の低下を招く。また、溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板や合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の場合、製品板の表面品質を低下させる。そのため、Pの含有量は0.10mass%以下に制限する。好ましくは0.030mass%以下、さらに好ましくは0.020mass%以下である。
Sは、精錬工程で鋼中に不可避的に混入してくる不純物元素であり、MnSなどの介在物を形成して熱間圧延時の延性を低下し、表面欠陥を引き起こしたり、製品板の表面品質を損ねたりするので、できるだけ低減するのが好ましい。したがって、本発明においては、Sは0.020mass%以下に制限する。好ましくは0.010mass%以下、さらに好ましくは0.005mass%以下である。なお、S含有量の下限は、溶製コストの観点から、好ましくは0.0001mass%である。
Alは、精錬工程において、脱酸材として、また、固溶NをAlNとして固定させるために添加される元素である。上記効果を十分に得るためには、0.01mass%以上添加する必要がある。一方、Al添加量が0.10mass%を超えると、鋳造凝固時に粗大なAlNが析出して、スラブ割れ等の表面欠陥を引き起こすおそれがある。よって、Alの含有量は0.01~0.10mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.01~0.07mass%、さらに好ましくは0.01~0.06mass%の範囲である。
Nは、精錬工程で鋼中に不可避的に混入してくる不純物元素である。N含有量が0.010mass%を超えると、鋳造凝固時に粗大なNb炭窒化物やTi炭窒化物が析出して、例えば、連続鋳造における鋳片の曲げ戻し時にスラブ表面に割れを引き起こしたり、熱間圧延に先立つスラブ再加熱でも十分に溶解せずに粗大な析出物のまま残留して、製品板の成形性の低下を招いたりするおそれがある。よって、Nの含有量は0.010mass%以下に制限する。好ましくは0.005mass%以下である。なお、N含有量の下限は、溶製コストの観点から、好ましくは0.0005mass%である。
NbやTiは、いずれも連続焼鈍における昇温時や均熱時にNb炭窒化物やTi炭窒化物として析出することで、フェライト平均結晶粒の微細化と降伏比の上昇に寄与する重要な元素である。NbとTiの上記効果はほぼ同等である。NbとTiが合計で0.020mass%未満では、Nb炭窒化物やTi炭窒化物の析出量が少なく、連続焼鈍時にフェライトが粗大化し、微細なフェライト平均結晶粒径が得られなくなるため、本発明が目的とする高降伏比が得られなくなる。一方、NbとTiの合計が0.080mass%を超えると、その効果が飽和するばかりでなく、製品板に未再結晶フェライトが多量に残存するようになるため、引張強さが上昇し、引張強さの異方性も大きくなる。また、鋳造凝固時に粗大なNb炭窒化物やTi炭窒化物が生成してスラブ割れを引き起こしたり、析出したNb炭窒化物やTi炭窒化物がスラブ再加熱時に十分に溶解せず、製品板の表面欠陥を引き起こしたりするおそれがある。よって、NbおよびTiは、Nb:0.080mass%以下(0mass%を含む)、Ti:0.080mass%以下(0mass%を含む)、かつ、NbとTiの合計:0.020~0.080mass%の範囲とする必要がある。好ましくは、Nb:0.060mass%以下(0mass%を含む)、Ti:0.060mass%以下(0mass%を含む)、かつ、NbとTiの合計:0.030~0.060mass%、さらに好ましくは、Nb:0.050mass%以下(0mass%を含む)、Ti:0.050mass%以下(0mass%を含む)、NbとTiの合計:0.030~0.050mass%の範囲である。
Crは、焼入性を向上させマルテンサイトを増加させる効果を有するため添加することができる。上記効果を得るためには、0.02mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。しかし、0.3mass%を超えると、焼入性が向上し過ぎて、マルテンサイトが過剰に生成し、降伏比の低下を招くおそれがある。また、連続焼鈍時に、鋼板表面に濃化し、酸化物が過剰に生成して表面性状の劣化を招くおそれがある。したがって、Crを添加する場合は、上限を0.3mass%とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは0.2mass%以下である。
Moは、焼入性を向上させマルテンサイトを増加させる効果を有するため添加することができる。上記効果を得るためには、0.02mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。しかし、0.3mass%を超えると、焼入性が向上し過ぎて、マルテンサイトが過剰に生成し、降伏比の低下を招くおそれがある。また、製品板が冷延鋼板の場合、化成処理性の劣化を招くおそれもある。よって、Moを添加する場合は、0.3mass%以下とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは0.2mass%以下である。
Bは、焼入性を向上させマルテンサイトを増加させる効果を有するため添加することができる。上記効果を得るためには、0.0005mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。しかし、0.005mass%を超えると、焼入性が向上し過ぎて、マルテンサイトが過剰に生成し、降伏比の低下を招くおそれがある。よって、Bを添加する場合は、0.005mass%以下とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは0.002mass%以下である。
Cuは、焼入性を向上させマルテンサイトを増加させる効果を有するため添加することができる。上記効果を得るためには、0.02mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。しかし、0.3mass%を超えると、焼入性が向上し過ぎて、マルテンサイトが過剰に生成し、降伏比の低下を招くおそれがある。また、製品板が冷延鋼板の場合、化成処理性の劣化を招くおそれがある。また、製品板が合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の場合、合金化反応が遅延するため、合金化処理の高温度化を招くおそれもある。したがって、Cuを添加する場合には、0.3mass%以下とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは0.2mass%以下である。
Niは、焼入性を向上させマルテンサイトを増加させる効果を有するため添加することができる。上記効果を得るためには、0.02mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。しかし、0.3mass%を超えると、焼入性が向上し過ぎて、マルテンサイトが過剰に生成し、降伏比の低下を招くおそれがある。よって、Niを添加する場合は、0.3mass%以下とするとするのが好ましい。より好ましくは0.2mass%以下である。
Sbは、焼入性を向上させマルテンサイトを増加させる効果を有するため添加することができる。上記効果を得るためには、0.0005mass%以上添加するのが好ましい。しかし、0.3mass%を超えると、鋼の脆化を招き、製品板の曲げ性が低下するおそれがある。よって、Sbを添加する場合は、0.3mass%以下とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは0.02mass%以下である。
本発明の冷延鋼板は、上記成分組成を有する鋼を通常公知の精錬プロセスで溶製し、鋼スラブ(鋼片)とした後、該スラブを熱間圧延して熱延板とし、酸洗して脱スケールし、冷間圧延して所定の板厚の冷延板とした後、所定の鋼組織と機械的特性を付与する連続焼鈍を施すことにより製造する。なお、上記連続焼鈍を施した鋼板は、そのまま冷延鋼板(CR)の製品板としてもよく、また、上記冷延鋼板に電気亜鉛めっきを施して、電気亜鉛めっき鋼板(GE)としてもよい。また、上記連続焼鈍工程に溶融亜鉛めっき工程を組み入れて、溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(GI)としたり、さらに、上記溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(GI)に合金化処理を施して、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(GA)としたりしてもよい。また、上記連続焼鈍後あるいは亜鉛系めっき処理後の鋼板に、さらに、調質圧延等を施してもよい。以下、具体的に説明する。
ここで、上記連続焼鈍は、840~940℃の温度域まで加熱し、該温度域に30~120秒間滞留する均熱焼鈍を施した後、上記均熱温度から600℃までを平均冷却速度5℃/s以上で冷却する1次冷却し、600~500℃の温度域で30~300秒滞留した後、100℃以下に冷却する2次冷却を行うことが重要である。
連続焼鈍の均熱焼鈍温度は、圧延組織を十分に再結晶させるために重要な要件である。また、該温度域で均熱焼鈍することで、オーステナイトが生成し、その後の600~500℃の温度域での滞留時に、オーステナイトのフェライト変態が適度に進行するため、製品板において所定のマルテンサイト分率とマルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔が得られる。均熱温度が840℃未満では、圧延組織が十分に再結晶せず、未再結晶フェライトが残存するようになるため、引張強さの異方性が増大する。また、均熱焼鈍時のオーステナイトが未再結晶フェライト基地中に分散するため、オーステナイトの分布が不均一となり、マルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔が所定の範囲を超える。一方、均熱温度が940℃を超えると、再結晶したフェライトの平均結晶粒径が粗大化して、所望の降伏比が得られなくなる。好ましくは850~900℃の範囲である。
連続焼鈍の均熱焼鈍時間は、均熱温度と同様、圧延組織を十分に再結晶させるとともに、所定のマルテンサイト分率を得るために必要なオーステナイトを生成させるために重要な要件であり、30~120秒の範囲とする必要がある。均熱時間が30秒未満では、未再結晶フェライトが多く残存し、引張強さの異方性が大きくなる。一方、均熱時間が120秒を超えると、再結晶したフェライトの平均粒径が粗大化し、製品板のフェライト平均粒径が8μmを超えてしまう。好ましい均熱焼鈍時間は40~100秒の範囲である。
連続焼鈍における均熱温度から600℃までの1次冷却は、均熱時に得られたオーステナイト分率を保持したまま、600℃以下の温度まで冷却することによって、オーステナイトの過度な変態を抑制し、600~500℃の温度域での滞留時にフェライト基地中に微細なオーステナイトを分散させ、その後の2次冷却で、所定のマルテンサイト分率を得るために重要な要件であり、平均冷却速度を5℃/s以上とすることが必要である。平均冷却速度が5℃/s未満では、冷却中にオーステナイトがフェライト変態し、続いてパーライト変態して、1次冷却中や後述する2次冷却までにオーステナイトの分解が過度に進行するため、製品板で、面積率で3%以上のマルテンサイトが得られなくなる。好ましい平均冷却速度は10℃/s以上である。なお、平均冷却速度の上限は、100℃/sとするのが好ましい。
本発明においては、後述する2次冷却で、製品板の鋼板組織を所望のマルテンサイト分率とマルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔とするために、上記1次冷却後、600~500℃の温度域で30~300秒間滞留させることが重要である。上記滞留させる温度域を600~500℃とする理由は、滞留温度が600℃を超えると、オーステナイトがフェライト変態するにあたり、フェライトの核生成が疎らに生じるため、マルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔が所定の範囲を超えるためであり、一方、500℃未満では、オーステナイトがベイナイト変態するため、オーステナイトがベイナイトに分断された分散状態となり、2次冷却後に得られるマルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔が所定の範囲を下回るためである。
また、上記温度域での滞留時間を30~300秒間とする理由は、上記時間とすることで、オーステナイトからのフェライト核の生成が均一微細に生じ、オーステナイトが等方的に収縮してフェライト基地中に均一に分散するようになる。したがって、この状態で、2次冷却して、オーステナイトをマルテンサイト変態させることで、本発明が所望するマルテンサイト分率とマルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔を得ることができるからである。しかし、上記温度域の滞留時間が30秒未満では、オーステナイトのフェライトへの変態が十分に進行せず、その後の2次冷却で、面積率で15%を超えるマルテンライトが生成するため、所望の高降伏比が得られない。一方、上記温度域の滞留時間が300秒を超えると、オーステナイトの分解が過度に進行するため、その後の2次冷却で、所望のマルテンライト分率を確保できなくなり、耐時効性が低下するからである。好ましくは45~180秒の範囲である。なお、上記温度域での滞留時間とは、冷却中に鋼板が600~500℃間に滞留している合計時間であり、冷却中、温度保持中を問わない。
上記600~500℃の温度域で30~300秒間滞留した鋼板は、その後、上記滞留によってフェライト基地中に均一微細に分散させたオーステナイトをマルテンサイト変態させ、所定の分率のマルテンサイトが所定の最近接粒子間隔を有してフェライト基地中に均一微細に分散した鋼板組織とするため、上記滞留温度域から2次冷却を行う必要がある。上記2次冷却の終点温度は、生成したマルテンサイトに焼き戻しが起こらない100℃以下の温度とするのが好ましい。
上記2次冷却における平均冷却速度は、2次冷却までの間に、オーステナイト中にはCやMnが濃化しており、オーステナイトの熱的安定性は非常に高いので、特に規定しないが、5~100℃/sの範囲とするのが好ましい。平均冷却速度が5℃/s未満では、オーステナイトがベイナイト変態して所定のマルテンサイト分率を得られない場合がある。一方、平均冷却速度を100℃/s超えとするには、大幅な設備投資が必要となり、好ましくないからである。
なお、上記2次冷却の冷却手段は、ガスジェット冷却やロール冷却、ミスト冷却、気水冷却、水冷、または、これらの組み合わせ等を用いることができ、特に限定されない。
<冷延鋼板、電気亜鉛めっき鋼板の場合>
製品板が冷延鋼板CRである場合には、上記600~500℃の温度域で30~300秒間滞留した後、直ちに2次冷却する。また、製品板が電気亜鉛めっき鋼板GEの場合には、上記600~500℃の温度域で30~300秒間滞留し、直ちに2次冷却した後、電気亜鉛めっきする。
製品板が溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板GIの場合には、上記600~500℃の温度域で30~300秒間滞留した後、460~500℃の温度に保持された溶融亜鉛めっき浴に導入して溶融亜鉛めっきを施した後、2次冷却する。
製品板が合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の場合には、上記600~500℃の温度域で30~300秒間滞留した後、460~500℃の温度に保持された溶融亜鉛めっき浴に導入して溶融亜鉛めっきし、合金化処理を施した後、2次冷却する。上記合金化処理は、450~560℃の温度に5~30秒間保持するのが一般的である。保持温度が450℃未満および/または保持時間が5秒未満では、合金化が十分に進まず、めっき密着性や耐食性が低下する。一方、保持温度が560℃超えおよび/または保持時間が30秒超えでは、合金化が過度に進行して、鋼板をプレス成形する際、パウダリングなどの問題が発生するおそれがある。なお、合金化処理の保持時間は、前述した600~500℃の温度域での滞留時間には含めないが、合金化処理温度が500℃以上の場合には、上記滞留時間との合計が300秒以下にとなるように制御するのが好ましい。
なお、上記連続焼鈍では、20℃から均熱温度までを平均昇温速度4℃/sで加熱した。また、上記溶融亜鉛めっきの浴温は470℃で、その後の合金化処理は、500℃で15秒間保持する条件とした。
上記のようにして得た冷延鋼板、溶融亜めっき鋼板および合金化溶融亜めっき鋼板のそれぞれに対して、伸び率0.5%の調質圧延を施して、No.1~29の製品板とした。
<鋼板組織>
・フェライト、マルテンサイト、未再結晶フェライトおよびその他組織の面積率:
上記板幅中央から採取した試験片について、圧延方向に垂直な断面(L断面)の鋼板表面から板厚1/4の位置を、5000μm2の範囲に亘ってSEMで観察し、ASTM E 562-05に規定されたポイントカウント法で各組織の面積率を求めた。
・フェライト平均結晶粒径d:
上記5000μm2の範囲に亘るSEM観察像における観察面積と結晶粒数から、円相当径のフェライト粒径を求めた。
・マルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔L:
上記5000μm2の範囲に亘るSEM観察像を、粒子解析ソフトを用いて解析することにより求めた。
<機械的特性>
・引張強さTSおよび降伏比YR:
上記板幅中央から採取した試験片から、圧延方向に対して垂直な方向(C方向)を引張方向とするJIS5号引張試験片を作製し、JIS Z 2241に準拠して引張試験を行い、降伏応力YS,引張強さTSを測定し、降伏比YRを求めた。
・耐時効性:
上記板幅中央から採取した試験片から、圧延方向に対して垂直な方向(C方向)を引張方向とするJIS5号引張試験片を作製し、50℃で90日間保持する促進時効処理を施した後、JIS Z 2241に準拠して引張試験を行い、降伏伸びYPElを測定した。
・TS比:
上記板幅中央から採取した試験片から、圧延方向に対して垂直な方向(C方向)と45°方向(D方向)を引張方向とするJIS5号引張試験片を作製し、JIS Z 2241に準拠して引張試験し、得られたC方向の引張強さTSCに対するD方向の引張強さTSDの比(TSD/TSC)を求めた。
No.1~10および17~21の鋼板は、鋼の成分組成および製造条件(連続焼鈍条件)がともに本発明の要件を満たしているため、引張強さ、降伏比および耐時効性のいずれも、本発明が目的とする特性を有している。
これに対して、No.11~15の鋼板は、鋼の成分組成が本発明の範囲外であるため、所望の鋼組織が得られず、本発明が目的とする高強度が得られていない。
また、No.16の鋼板は、機械的特性は本発明を満たしているが、Si含有量が0.60mass%で本発明範囲より高いため、表面品質が劣っていた。
また、No.22~25の鋼板は、連続焼鈍における均熱焼鈍条件が、本発明の範囲外であるため、鋼板組織が本発明外となり、目的とする高強度が得られていない。
また、No.26の鋼板は、連続焼鈍における1次冷却速度が本発明の範囲より遅いため、所望のマルテンサイト分率が得られず、耐時効性が劣っている。
また、No.27の鋼板は、連続焼鈍における1次冷却で600~500℃の温度域まで冷却した後、該温度域に滞留する時間が本発明の範囲より短かったため、オーステナイトのフェライトへの変態が不十分となり、マルテンサイトの分率が本発明範囲より多くなり過ぎたため、降伏比が低下し、本発明の目的とする範囲が得られていない。
また、No.28の鋼板は、均熱焼鈍後の1次冷却で600℃まで15℃/sで冷却し、引き続き500℃未満に冷却し、500℃未満の温度域に60秒間滞留し、その後、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき処理したため、600~500℃の温度域の滞留時間が10秒となった例であり、1次冷却後の600~500℃の温度域の滞留時間が短いため、オーステナイトのフェライトへの変態が不十分で、かつ、ベイナイトへの変態が進行し過ぎて、オーステナイトがベイナイトによって不均一に分断されてしまい、所定のマルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔が得られなかったため、優れた耐時効性が得られていない。
また、No.29の鋼板は、連続焼鈍における600~500℃の温度域での滞留時間が本発明の範囲より長かったため、オーステナイトのフェライトへの変態が進行し過ぎて、マルテンサイトの分率が本発明の範囲より少なくなってしまい、優れた耐時効性が得られていない。
Claims (10)
- C:0.06~0.14mass%、Si:0.50mass%未満、Mn:1.6~2.5mass%、P:0.10mass%以下、S:0.020mass%以下、Al:0.01~0.10mass%、N:0.010mass%以下、Nb:0.080mass%以下(0mass%を含む)、Ti:0.080mass%以下(0mass%を含む)、かつ、NbとTiを合計で0.020~0.080mass%含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有し、
面積率でフェライトが85%以上、マルテンサイトが3~15%、未再結晶フェライトが5%以下で、前記フェライトの平均結晶粒径dが2~8μm、前記フェライトの平均結晶粒径dに対する前記マルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔の平均値L(μm)の比(L/d)が0.20~0.80である鋼組織を有し、かつ、
圧延方向に垂直方向の降伏比YRが0.68以上で、圧延方向に垂直方向の引張強さTSCに対する圧延方向に45度方向の引張強さTSDの比(TSD/TSC)が0.95以上である機械的特性を有する冷延鋼板。 - 前記成分組成に加えてさらに、Cr:0.3mass%以下、Mo:0.3mass%以下、B:0.005mass%以下、Cu:0.3mass%以下、Ni:0.3mass%以下およびSb:0.3mass%以下から選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の冷延鋼板。
- 前記鋼板の表面に亜鉛系めっき層を有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の冷延鋼板。
- 前記亜鉛系めっき層は、溶融亜鉛めっき層であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の冷延鋼板。
- 前記亜鉛系めっき層は、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の冷延鋼板。
- 前記亜鉛系めっき層は、電気亜鉛めっき層であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の冷延鋼板。
- 請求項1または2に記載の成分組成を有する鋼素材を熱間圧延し、冷間圧延した鋼板に、840~940℃の温度に30~120秒間滞留する均熱焼鈍した後、該均熱温度から600℃まで5℃/s以上で冷却し、600~500℃の温度域に30~300秒間滞留し、その後、2次冷却する連続焼鈍を施すことにより、
面積率でフェライトが85%以上、マルテンサイトが3~15%、未再結晶フェライトが5%以下で、前記フェライトの平均結晶粒径dが2~8μm、前記フェライトの平均結晶粒径dに対する前記マルテンサイトの最近接粒子間隔の平均値L(μm)の比(L/d)が0.20~0.80である鋼組織と、
圧延方向に垂直方向の降伏比YRが0.68以上で、圧延方向に垂直方向の引張強さTSCに対する圧延方向に45度方向の引張強さTSDの比(TSD/TSC)が0.95以上である機械的特性を付与する冷延鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記600~500℃の温度域に滞留した後、かつ、2次冷却する前に、鋼板表面に溶融亜鉛めっきを施すことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の冷延鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記600~500℃の温度域に滞留した後、かつ、2次冷却する前に、鋼板表面に合金化溶融亜鉛めっきを施すことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の冷延鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記2次冷却した後、鋼板表面に電気亜鉛めっきを施すことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の冷延鋼板の製造方法。
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