WO2018133577A1 - 电加热车用风挡玻璃 - Google Patents

电加热车用风挡玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133577A1
WO2018133577A1 PCT/CN2017/115525 CN2017115525W WO2018133577A1 WO 2018133577 A1 WO2018133577 A1 WO 2018133577A1 CN 2017115525 W CN2017115525 W CN 2017115525W WO 2018133577 A1 WO2018133577 A1 WO 2018133577A1
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Prior art keywords
glass substrate
glass
fto conductive
conductive
fto
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PCT/CN2017/115525
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨希川
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大连七色光太阳能科技开发有限公司
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Publication of WO2018133577A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133577A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/023—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means
    • B60S1/026—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means using electrical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to automobile and train windshield technology, in particular to a windshield for electric heating vehicles.
  • Automotive glass is one of the important safety components of automobiles, and it has the functions of protecting passengers and being waterproof, dustproof, heat resistant and soundproof.
  • automotive glass mainly includes front windshield, rear windshield, door glass, skylight glass and front/rear angle window glass.
  • car windshields have adopted a one-piece curved windshield and gradually abandoned the flat windshield.
  • Today's car windshields are generally made into a large curved surface of the overall shape, with a certain degree of curvature from top to bottom.
  • automotive glass applications with heating lines have been widely used. It is applied to almost all automotive rear windshields.
  • the conductive silver paste is sintered to the surface of the glass. Because it has a certain resistance, it can be heated to remove frost on the surface of the glass after power-on, so that the driver can observe the situation behind the vehicle in time while driving, so that the car is in the vehicle. Better comfort and safety during driving.
  • this kind of electric heating glass window of the automobile adopts the method of wire heating. After the heating wire is heated, the heat is slowly transmitted to both sides of the heating wire, and the automobile glass is heated unevenly. Once the heating temperature is too fast, or the heating time is too long, it is very It is prone to the situation in which the glass of the car bursts.
  • the electric heating glass window of the automobile is to print a heating wire (conductive silver wire) on the glass. In order to achieve a good heating effect, the printing width of the heating wire is usually not less than 1 mm, and on the rear windshield of an ordinary car. There are at least a dozen to twenty different heating lines that have an impact on the appearance of the car and the line of sight of the driver and passenger.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,540,061 discloses a "windshield with a wire thermoplastic sandwich" which employs a technique for laying a very fine metal tungsten wire (20-50 micron diameter) in the interlayer of a front windshield of a car.
  • the solution can realize the functions of electric heating defrost, defogging and deicing.
  • the biggest disadvantage of this solution is the high cost.
  • Another obvious disadvantage is that the driver or passenger can clearly see the presence of metal filaments. Aesthetic and sight.
  • Chinese Patent Application No. 201210333292.1 discloses "an electrically heatable low-emission coated laminated glass" which uses a composite film system comprising an Ag layer and a low-emission coating layer to reduce the sheet resistance to 0.4-4 ohm/ ⁇ . Although this solution has better conductivity and greater heating power, it is undoubtedly greatly increased in cost because of the multi-layer coating.
  • Chinese invention patent CN 98100128.9 proposes a "preparation method of heat-insulating and frost-coated glass". This patent proposes to replace the existing heating wire glass window with ITO conductive film glass window.
  • the ITO conductive film has low glass resistance and visible light. High transmittance, abandoning the printing of traditional heating lines, beautifying the appearance of the car, and improving driving comfort and safety.
  • the modern automobile almost completely uses the curved windshield. Therefore, in the processing of the windshield, the flat glass needs to be bent, and this operation needs to be performed at a temperature of about 600 °C.
  • the hot bending operation is performed after the ITO conductive film coating is completed, but when the temperature of the ITO conductive film exceeds 300 ° C, the sheet resistance sharply rises. Therefore, if ITO coated glass is used as the automobile glass, the heating power is far less than the requirement to eliminate the window glass snow frost.
  • the company's recently applied Chinese patent CN 201410649122.3 uses FTO conductive glass to electrically heat the windshield of the car. It adopts the surface heating method, which is evenly heated and is not easy to burst. The speed of defrost, snow removal and deicing is fast, and all Transparent and beautiful in appearance.
  • the sheet resistance of the commercial FTO conductive glass is generally 7 to 15 ohms.
  • the required surface heating power is required, usually 300-600 W/m2, which must be matched. With an appropriate heating voltage, it is usually 30V to 60V.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the disadvantages of the corresponding electric voltage windshield device for the electric windshield glass described in the patent CN 201410649122.3.
  • a FTO conductive glass is divided into a plurality of blocks, and Each block is heated in series to match the total resistance after the series with the heated supply voltage to achieve the required surface heating power density, thereby eliminating voltage conversion transposition. Not only saves the overall cost, but also reduces the weight and saves space in the car.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a windshield of an electric heating automobile and a train based on FTO conductive glass, the FTO conductive glass is composed of at least one layer of FTO conductive film layer and a glass substrate, wherein: FTO The conductive film layer is etched into a plurality of blocks, and a conductive line for collecting current is printed or pasted on a pair of opposite sides of each block, and the blocks of the FTO conductive film layer are connected in series through the conductive line; The electrodes on opposite edges of the glass substrate are electrically connected to a power source.
  • the FTO conductive film layer is etched into a plurality of blocks, and the FTO conductive layer is etched into a plurality of strip-shaped blocks according to the surface power and the supply voltage required for heating, and the shape may be a rectangle, a fan shape, or a parallelogram shape.
  • the path along which the current passes is preferably equal to the width of each block, or the width of each block differs by no more than 30%.
  • the FTO conductive film layer can be etched by laser etching, chemical etching (zinc powder and hydrochloric acid), electrochemical etching (voltage in an acidic acid medium), and the like.
  • the FTO conductive film layer is etched into a block number of 2 to 20 strip heating blocks.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate is a float glass substrate or a borosilicate glass substrate on which an FTO conductive thin film layer is deposited
  • the FTO conductive thin film is a tin oxide-doped fluorine transparent conductive layer.
  • the glass substrate may be a laminated glass, a tempered glass, and/or a non-tempered glass containing a PVB (polyvinyl butyral) layer.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • the thickness of the FTO conductive glass substrate is: 1 mm to 20 mm. It is preferably 2 mm to 5 mm.
  • the FTO conductive thin film layer has a thickness of 50 nm to 1000 nm. It is preferably 100 nm to 500 nm.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate has a sheet resistance of 5 ohm/ ⁇ to 100 ohm/ ⁇ .
  • the electrode is a conductive strip, a conductive film or a conductive paste.
  • the power source applied to the electrodes is a power source of 24 to 1000V.
  • the preferred power source is a 48 to 500V DC or AC power source.
  • the light transmittance of the electrically heated automobile windshield is 10% to 100%.
  • the method for preparing the electric heating automobile windshield of the invention is scientific and reasonable, and can realize the industrial production of the electric heating automobile windshield.
  • the preparation method of the electric heating automobile windshield of the invention comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 performing trapezoidal cutting and edging on the FTO conductive glass substrate
  • Step 2 Etching the FTO conductive glass into a plurality of strip heating blocks, which can be engraved by laser etching, chemical etching (zinc powder and hydrochloric acid), electrochemical etching (voltage in an acidic acid medium), and the like. Etch, wash and dry for use.
  • Step 3 Print or paste the conductive lines collecting current in a pair of opposite sides of each block, and use these conductive lines to connect the FTO conductive blocks into a series line, and print or paste the positive and negative electrodes respectively, and use
  • the mold is subjected to hot bending and tempering of the FTO conductive glass substrate to obtain a curved glass of a desired curvature; or subjected to hot bending and lamination to obtain a curved glass of desired strength and curvature;
  • Step 4 Connect the positive and negative electrodes to the power supply through the electrical connection device to obtain the windshield for the electric heating vehicle.
  • the hot bending and tempering include the following steps: firstly, the FTO conductive glass substrate is horizontally placed on a mold, sent to a heating furnace for hot bending forming treatment, and then quickly sent to a cooling wind grid for quenching and tempering.
  • step 2 When the windshield of the electric heating vehicle is a laminated glass containing a PVB (polyvinyl butyral) layer, the following steps are added between step 2 and step 3:
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • Step 2.1 The other glass matched with the FTO conductive glass substrate is subjected to hot bending treatment in the mold at the same time or with the FTO conductive glass substrate; while the hot bending treatment means that the FTO conductive glass and the second glass are overlapped and placed.
  • the hot bending treatment means that the FTO conductive glass and the second glass are overlapped and placed.
  • Step 2.2 Put a PVB interlayer between the FTO conductive glass and other glass after the hot bending, and carry out the lamination treatment by a conventional laminating process;
  • the other glass is a common glass or FTO conductive glass substrate.
  • the other glass has a thickness of from 1 mm to 10 mm.
  • the windshield glass for electric heating vehicle of the invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, and the preparation method thereof is scientific and easy, and has the following advantages compared with the technology of the Chinese invention patent CN 201410649122.3:
  • the voltage conversion device is omitted, and the cost is greatly reduced: a DC voltage conversion device (commonly referred to as DC/DC), which usually converts the input DC power into a high-frequency alternating current with a high-power switching tube, and then a high-frequency transformer. Change to the required voltage, and finally, rectify and filter to DC. Therefore, the DC/DC line is complicated, the reliability is poor, and the cost is high. Since the car and the train need to adapt to various environments, the DC/DC cost of the vehicle is higher; the 220V power frequency AC transformer has mature technology and high reliability, but it must be The use of a large number of silicon steel sheets and copper wire is cumbersome and costly. The cost of the voltage conversion device is even higher than the cost of the windshield, so the invention has important economic significance.
  • an AC inverter with mature technology, low price, and reliable performance can be used to convert the battery 12V or 24V DC into 110V or 220V AC, and then use the technical solution of the present invention. Can significantly reduce the total cost.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A of Figure 5;
  • the embodiment discloses an electric heating automobile windshield, as shown in FIG. 1 , which is a layer of FTO conductive glass substrate, and the current collecting conductive lines are printed on the edges of the left and right sides of each FTO conductive glass block.
  • the printed silver paste of the current collecting conductive line is sintered at a high temperature.
  • the electrode is electrically connected to a power source.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate is a float glass substrate on which an FTO conductive film is deposited, and the FTO conductive film is a tin oxide-doped fluorine transparent conductive layer.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate has a thickness of 4 mm, and the FTO conductive glass substrate has a sheet resistance of 10 ohm/ ⁇ (10 ohm/ ⁇ ).
  • the power source applied to the electrodes was a 150V lithium battery.
  • the current direction 7 is indicated by the arrow.
  • Step 1 Cut the FTO conductive (surface resistance 10 ohm / ⁇ ) glass substrate 1 (cut by trapezoidal shape, the length of the two parallel lines of the glass is 1100mm, 1200mm, the width of the two flats is 850mm), edged, edging Drilling, washing, cleaning the surface dust, oil, impurities, etc., and drying the washed glass substrate. Note that the dried glass substrate cannot be touched by hand.
  • Step 2 Using laser etching, leave the FTO conductive blocks of the two upper and lower layout rectangles shown in Figure 1, the dimensions are 1050mm X 400mm and 1150mm X 400mm, respectively, the corresponding resistance is 26.3ohm and 27.5ohm, respectively, conductive The total area is 0.88 m 2 .
  • Step 3 On the opposite side (short side) of the rectangular FTO conductive block, a conductive silver strip 4 of 10 mm width is printed, and one of the conductive silver wires is connected, and the other side is formed with the positive electrode 5 and the negative electrode 6.
  • Step 4 The above-mentioned processed planar FTO conductive glass substrate is horizontally placed on a mold and sent to a heating furnace for heating. When the glass temperature reaches about 620 ° C, the glass is sucked up by a vacuum chuck, and then the glass is allowed to fall freely. It is formed by gravity to the mold and then quickly sent to the cooling louver area. The high-pressure cold air is blown to both sides of the glass by a multi-head nozzle, quenched and tempered, and directly obtains the curved glass of the required strength and curvature.
  • Step 5 The conductive silver strips 4 of the positive electrode 5 and the negative electrode 6 are respectively connected to a 150V lithium battery power source through a wire, thereby passing current through the FTO conductive film and heating the glass window.
  • the total heating power was 418 W and the power density was 475 W/m 2 .
  • the embodiment discloses an electric heating automobile windshield, as shown in FIG. 2, which is a layer of FTO conductive glass substrate, and a collecting conductive line is printed on the edges of the upper and lower sides of each FTO conductive glass block.
  • the printed silver paste of the current collecting conductive line is sintered at a high temperature.
  • the electrode is electrically connected to a power source.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate is a float glass substrate on which an FTO conductive film is deposited, and the FTO conductive film is a tin oxide-doped fluorine transparent conductive layer.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate has a thickness of 4 mm, and the FTO conductive glass substrate has a sheet resistance of 10 ohm/ ⁇ (10 ohm/ ⁇ ).
  • the power applied to the electrodes is 220V AC generated by the inverter.
  • the current direction 7 is indicated by the arrow.
  • Step 1 Cut the FTO conductive (surface resistance 10 ohm/ ⁇ ) glass substrate 1 ((cut in a nearly fan-shaped shape, the width is about 1200 mm at the widest point, the narrowest part is about 1100 mm, the height is about 850 mm), and the edge is Grinding, drilling, washing, cleaning the surface dust, oil, impurities, etc., and drying the washed glass substrate. Note that the dried glass substrate cannot be touched by hand.
  • Step 2 Using laser etching, leave the FTO conductive blocks of the four left and right layout rectangles shown in Figure 1.
  • the dimensions are 270mm X 800mm, the corresponding resistance is 29.6ohm, and the total conductive area is 0.864m 2 .
  • the resistance is 118.4 ohms.
  • Step 3 On the opposite side (short side) of the rectangular FTO conductive block, a conductive silver strip 4 of 10 mm width is printed, and one of the conductive silver wires is connected, and the other side is formed with the positive electrode 5 and the negative electrode 6.
  • Step 4 The above-mentioned processed planar FTO conductive glass substrate is horizontally placed on a mold and sent to a heating furnace for heating. When the glass temperature reaches about 620 ° C, the glass is sucked up by a vacuum chuck, and then the glass is allowed to fall freely. It is formed by gravity to the mold and then quickly sent to the cooling louver area. The high-pressure cold air is blown to both sides of the glass by a multi-head nozzle, quenched and tempered, and directly obtains the curved glass of the required strength and curvature.
  • Step 5 The conductive silver strips 4 of the positive electrode 5 and the negative electrode 6 are respectively connected to a 220 V alternating current generated by an inverter through a wire, thereby passing a current through the FTO conductive film and heating the glass window.
  • the total heating power was 409 W and the power density was 473 W/m 2 .
  • the embodiment discloses an electric heating automobile front windshield, and the structure is as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, which is a laminated glass including a laminated layer 3 (PVB polyvinyl butyral), and the laminated glass includes a laminated glass.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate 1 and the ordinary glass substrate 2 are printed with a current collecting conductive line on the edges of the left and right sides of each FTO conductive glass block, and the current collecting conductive line is a high temperature sintered printing silver paste.
  • the electrode is electrically connected to a power source.
  • the arrangement of the electrodes is a positive and negative electrode for applying a heating power source. It can be understood that according to the electric heating, the windshield of the automobile can be processed into various curved surfaces required by the automobile. And shape.
  • the current direction 7 is indicated by the arrow.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate is a borosilicate glass substrate on which an FTO conductive film is deposited.
  • the FTO is a transparent conductive layer in which tin oxide is doped with fluorine.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate has a thickness of 2 mm. Ordinary glass thickness is 2mm.
  • the sheet resistance of the FTO conductive glass substrate was 12 ohm/ ⁇ .
  • the electrode is a conductive silver strip.
  • the power applied to the electrodes is a 300V lithium battery power source.
  • Step 1 Cut the FTO conductive glass substrate 1 (surface resistance 12 ohm/ ⁇ ) with a thickness of 2 mm according to Fig. 2 (cut in a nearly fan shape, the width of the widest part is about 1200 mm, the narrowest part is about 1100 mm, and the height is about 850mm), rimming, edging, drilling, washing, cleaning the surface dust, oil, impurities, etc., and drying the washed glass substrate. Note that the dried glass substrate cannot be touched by hand.
  • Step 2 Using laser etching, leave the FTO conductive blocks of the same width and width of the four upper and lower layouts shown in Figure 5 (the same parallel arcs are up and down, the left and right are straight lines), and the two blocks are the same size.
  • the arc length is 1050mm
  • the radius of the arc is 5000mm
  • the height is 200mm
  • the resistance of each block is 63ohm
  • the total area of conduction is 0.84m 2
  • the total resistance is 252ohm.
  • Step 3 On the opposite side (short side) of the rectangular FTO conductive block, a conductive silver strip 4 of 10 mm width is printed, and one of the conductive silver wires is connected, and the other side is formed with the positive electrode 5 and the negative electrode 6.
  • Step 4 After 2 mm of the ordinary glass substrate 2 was subjected to the same treatment as in Step 1, a common glass substrate of the same size was obtained. The difference is that the position of the ordinary glass substrate 2 corresponding to one end of the Ag strip of the glass substrate 1 needs to be pre-drilled, and the hole diameter is 8 mm.
  • Step 5 stacking the above-mentioned processed FTO conductive glass substrate 1 and ordinary glass substrate 2 horizontally on a mold and sending it to a heating furnace for heating; when the glass temperature reaches about 620 ° C, the glass is suspended by gravity to the mold. After forming, keep it for 10 minutes, slowly cool down, and directly obtain the curved glass with the desired curvature.
  • Step 6 Laminating film is placed between the FTO conductive glass substrate 1 and the glass substrate 2. After the position is good, the glue is placed in the laminating furnace.
  • Step 7 through the small holes reserved on the ordinary glass substrate 2, respectively, the conductive silver strips 4 of the positive electrode: 5 and the negative electrode 6 are connected to the power supply of the 300V lithium battery through the wires, thereby passing current through the FTO conductive film and heating the glass window, heating The total power is 357W and the power density is 425W/m 2 .
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 is a sandwich layer containing the interlayer 3 (PVB polyvinyl butyral).
  • the laminated glass comprises a layer of FTO conductive glass substrate 1 and a layer of ordinary glass substrate 2, and the edges of the left and right sides of each FTO conductive glass block are printed
  • the brush has a current collecting conductive line, and the current collecting conductive line is a high temperature sintered printing silver paste.
  • the electrode is electrically connected to a power source.
  • the arrangement of the electrodes is a positive and negative electrode for applying a heating power source. It can be understood that the electric windshield according to the electric heating can be processed into the curved surface and shape required by various automobiles.
  • the current direction 7 is indicated by the arrow.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate is a borosilicate glass substrate on which an FTO conductive film is deposited.
  • the FTO is a transparent conductive layer in which tin oxide is doped with fluorine.
  • the thickness of the FTO conductive glass substrate is: 3 mm.
  • the thickness of the FTO conductive film 12 is 200 nm. Ordinary glass thickness is 3mm.
  • the sheet resistance of the FTO conductive glass substrate was 8 ohm/ ⁇ .
  • the electrode is a conductive silver strip.
  • the power applied to the electrodes is a 300V lithium battery DC power supply.
  • Step 1 Cut the FTO conductive glass substrate 1 (face resistance 8 ohm/ ⁇ ) with a thickness of 3 mm according to Fig. 2 (cut in an approximate fan shape, the width of the widest part is about 1800 mm, the narrowest part is about 1750 mm, and the height is about 1650mm), rimming, edging, drilling, washing, cleaning the surface dust, oil, impurities, etc., and drying the washed glass substrate. Note that the dried glass substrate cannot be touched by hand.
  • Step 2 Using laser etching, leave the FTO conductive blocks of the top and bottom layout rectangles shown in Figure 2, all of which are 1700mm X 500mm, the resistance of each block is 27.2ohm, and the total area of conduction is 2.55m. 2 , the total resistance is 81.6 ohms.
  • Step 3 On the opposite side (short side) of the rectangular FTO conductive block, a conductive silver strip 4 of 10 mm width is printed, and one of the conductive silver wires is connected, and the other side is formed with the positive electrode 5 and the negative electrode 6.
  • Step 4 After 2 mm of the ordinary glass substrate 2 was subjected to the same treatment as in Step 1, a common glass substrate of the same size was obtained. The difference is that the position of the ordinary glass substrate 2 corresponding to one end of the Ag strip of the glass substrate 1 needs to be pre-drilled, and the hole diameter is 8 mm.
  • Step 5 stacking the above-mentioned processed FTO conductive glass substrate 1 and ordinary glass substrate 2 horizontally on a mold and sending it to a heating furnace for heating; when the glass temperature reaches about 620 ° C, the glass is suspended by gravity to the mold. After forming, keep it for 10 minutes, slowly cool down, and directly obtain the curved glass with the desired curvature.
  • Step 6 Laminating film is placed between the FTO conductive glass substrate 1 and the glass substrate 2. After the position is good, the glue is placed in the laminating furnace.
  • Step 7 through the small holes reserved on the ordinary glass substrate 2, respectively, the conductive silver strips 4 of the positive electrode: 5 and the negative electrode 6 are connected to the power supply of the 300V lithium battery through the wires, thereby passing current through the FTO conductive film and heating the glass window, heating The total power is 1100W and the power density is 433W/m 2 .
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 is a laminated tempered glass containing a laminated layer 3 (PVB polyvinyl butyral).
  • the laminated glass includes a layer of tempered FTO A conductive glass substrate 1 and a layer of a conventional tempered glass substrate 2 are printed with a current collecting conductive line on the upper and lower edges of each of the FTO conductive glass blocks, and the current collecting conductive line is a high temperature sintered printing silver paste.
  • the electrode is electrically connected to a power source.
  • the arrangement of the electrodes is a positive and negative electrode for applying a heating power source. It can be understood that the electric windshield according to the electric heating can be processed into various curved surfaces and shapes required for trains and subways.
  • the current direction 7 is indicated by the arrow.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate is a borosilicate glass substrate on which an FTO conductive film is deposited.
  • the FTO is a transparent conductive layer in which tin oxide is doped with fluorine.
  • the FTO conductive glass substrate has a thickness of 4 mm.
  • the thickness of the FTO conductive film 12 is 200 nm. Ordinary glass thickness is 4mm.
  • the sheet resistance of the FTO conductive glass substrate was: 10 ohm/ ⁇ .
  • the electrode is a conductive silver strip.
  • the power applied to the electrodes is a 220V AC power source.
  • Step 1 For FTO conductive glass substrate 1 (face resistance 10 ohm/ ⁇ ) with a thickness of 4 mm, cut according to Fig. 2 (cut in a nearly fan shape, the widest part of the width is about 1850 mm, the narrowest part is about 1780 mm, and the height is about 1600mm), rimming, edging, drilling, washing, cleaning the surface dust, oil, impurities, etc., and drying the washed glass substrate. Note that the dried glass substrate cannot be touched by hand.
  • Step 2 Using laser etching, leave the FTO conductive blocks of the two left and right layout parallelograms shown in Figure 5.
  • the two blocks are the same size, the longitudinal side length of the parallelogram is 1500mm, and the distance between the two sides is 850mm.
  • Each block has a resistance of 17.6 ohms, a total conductive area of 2.55 m 2 and a total resistance of 35.3 ohms.
  • Step 3 Print 10 mm wide conductive silver strips 4 on the upper and lower sides (short sides) of the parallelogram FTO conductive blocks, and connect one side of the conductive silver lines to form a positive electrode 5 and a negative electrode 6 on the other side. .
  • Step 4 A common glass substrate 2 having the same size and a thickness of 4 mm is subjected to the treatment of the step 1 to obtain a common glass substrate of the same size.
  • the difference is that the position of the ordinary glass substrate 2 corresponding to one end of the Ag strip of the glass substrate 1 needs to be pre-drilled, and the hole diameter is 8 mm.
  • Step 5 The above-mentioned processed planar FTO conductive glass substrate and ordinary glass substrate 2 are horizontally placed on the respective molds, and sent to a heating furnace for heating.
  • the glass temperature reaches about 620 ° C
  • the two glass sheets are respectively separated by a vacuum chuck. Suck up, stack it on the mold to make it fall freely, and form it by gravity to the mold. After 10 minutes, it is quickly sent to the cooling louver area, and the high-pressure cold air is blown to both sides of the glass with a multi-head nozzle. Tempered to obtain the curved glass of the desired strength and curvature.
  • Step 6 Laminating film is placed between the FTO conductive glass substrate 1 and the glass substrate 2. After the position is good, the glue is placed in the laminating furnace.
  • Step 7 Through the small holes reserved on the ordinary glass substrate 2, the conductive silver strips 4 of the positive electrode: 5 and the negative electrode 6 are respectively connected to a 220V AC power source through a wire, thereby passing current through the FTO conductive film and heating the glass window, and heating The total power is 1370 W and the power density is 538 W/m 2 .

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种基于FTO导电玻璃的车用风挡玻璃。针对高电压供电的车辆，将FTO导电玻璃分成多个区块，并将每个区块进行串联连接的方式进行加热，使串联后的总电阻与加热的供电电压相匹配，达到要求的面加热功率密度，从而省去电压变换转置。不但节约了整体的成本，减轻了重量，节省了车内的空间。

Description

电加热车用风挡玻璃 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车、火车风挡玻璃技术，尤其涉及一种电加热车用风挡玻璃。
背景技术
汽车玻璃是汽车重要的安全部件之一，具有保护乘员安全以及防水、防尘、耐热和隔音等作用。现如今，汽车玻璃的面积约占汽车表面积的1/3。根据应用部位，汽车用玻璃主要包括前风挡玻璃、后风挡玻璃、门玻璃、天窗玻璃和前/后角窗玻璃等。早在40多年前，汽车挡风玻璃已经采用单件式弯曲挡风玻璃，并逐渐抛弃了平面型的挡风玻璃。今天的汽车挡风玻璃一般都做成整体一幅式的大曲面型，上下左右都有一定的弧度。随着汽车工业的发展，带有加热线的汽车玻璃应用已经非常广泛，它几乎应用于所有汽车的后挡风玻璃，它是通过网印的方式将专用的导电银浆印刷到玻璃的表面，玻璃经钢化后，导电银浆烧结到玻璃表面，由于其具有一定的电阻，通电后可以发热用以消除玻璃表面的冰霜，以利于驾驶者在行车时能够及时观察车后方的情况，使汽车在驾驶过程中具有更好的舒适性和安全性。
但是这种汽车电热玻璃窗是采用线加热的方式，加热线发热后，缓慢的将热量向加热线两侧传递，汽车玻璃受热不均匀，一旦加热升温速度过快，或者加热时间过长，很容易出现汽车玻璃爆裂的情况。另外，这种汽车电热玻璃窗是在玻璃上印刷加热线(导电银线)，为了达到良好的加热效果，通常加热线的印刷宽度不小于1mm，而且一个普通的小轿车的后挡风玻璃上至少有十几条至二十几条不等的加热线，这些可视加热线对汽车的外观和驾乘人员的视线都带来一定影响。
美国发明专利US5540961公开了一种“具有金属丝热塑夹层的风挡玻璃”，该专利采用了一种将极细的金属钨丝(20-50微米直径)铺设在汽车前风挡的夹层中的技术方案，可以实现电加热除霜、除雾和除冰的功能，这种方案的最大缺点是成本很高，另外一个明显的缺点是驾驶员或者乘客能够明显的看到金属细丝的存在，影响美观和视线。
中国发明专利申请201210333292.1公开了“一种可电加热的低辐射镀膜夹层玻璃”，该专利采用了含有Ag层和低辐射镀膜层的复合膜体系，将面电阻降低至0.4-4ohm/□。虽然该方案具有更佳的导电性和更大的发热功率，但是因为采用多层镀膜，无疑也大大增加了成本。
中国发明专利CN 98100128.9提出了一种“隔热、隔霜镀膜玻璃的制备方法”，此专利提出以ITO导电薄膜玻璃窗取代现有的加热线玻璃窗，这种ITO导电薄膜玻璃电阻低，可见光 透过率高，摒弃了传统的加热线的印刷，美化了汽车外观，使驾车舒适性和安全性得到提高。但是需要提出的是，现代汽车几乎完全采用弯曲挡风玻璃，因此在挡风玻璃的加工过程中，需要对平板玻璃进行热弯操作，这一操作需要在600℃左右的温度下进行。根据制作工艺，热弯操作是要在完成ITO导电薄膜镀膜之后进行的，但是ITO导电薄膜在温度超过300℃时，面电阻会急剧上升。因此如果以ITO镀膜玻璃作为汽车玻璃，其加热功率远远达不到消除车窗玻璃冰雪霜的要求。
本公司在近期申请的中国专利CN 201410649122.3，采用FTO导电玻璃作用电加热汽车风挡玻璃的新技术，采用面加热方式，受热均匀，不易产生爆裂，除霜、除雪、除冰的速度快，而且全透明，且外形美观。但是，因为FTO导电玻璃本身的特性，商业化的FTO导电玻璃的方块电阻一般在7～15欧姆，为了达到加热的效果，就是达到要求的面加热功率，通常300-600W/㎡，就必须配以适当的加热电压，通常为30V～60V。普通汽车用12V蓄电池供电，而新型能源汽车由100～400V的锂电池供电，火车则由220V交流电供电。所有这些应用需要电压变化装置。无论是直流变压器还是变压器都会增加成本，增加重量，占有车的宝贵空间，同时产生一部分能量浪费。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，针对专利CN 201410649122.3所述的电热风挡玻璃的方案需要匹配相应的电压变换装置的缺点，对于高电压供电的车辆，提出了一种将FTO导电玻璃分成多个区块，并将每个区块进行串联连接的方式进行加热，使串联后的总电阻与加热的供电电压相匹配，达到要求的面加热功率密度，从而省去电压变换转置。不但节约了整体的成本，减轻了重量，节省了车内的空间。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种基于FTO导电玻璃的电加热汽车及火车的风挡玻璃，所述FTO导电玻璃由至少一层FTO导电薄膜层和玻璃基板组成，其中：FTO导电薄膜层刻蚀成若干区块，在每个区块的一组对边印刷或粘贴收集电流的导电线路，通过所述导电线路将FTO导电薄膜层的区块串联后；再与设置于所述玻璃基板相对的两条边缘上的电极与电源电气连接。
所述的FTO导电薄膜层刻蚀成若干区块是，根据加热所需要的面功率及供电电压将FTO导电层刻蚀成若干带状区块，形状可以为长方形、扇形、平行四边形。为了使加热均匀，每个区块沿电流通过的路线，最好是其宽度相等，或者各区块的宽度相差不超过30％。在每个区块的一组对边印刷或粘贴收集电流的导电线路，同时利用这些导电线路将这些FTO导电区块连接成串联线路，在导电线路的两端施加加热电源的正负电极，所述电极与电源电气连接。 然后按照车辆的应用要求，进行进一步的玻璃切割，磨边，热弯，夹胶或钢化工序。
进一步地，对FTO导电薄膜层刻蚀，可以用激光刻蚀，化学刻蚀(锌粉和盐酸)，电化学刻蚀(电酸性介质中电压)等方法进行刻蚀。
进一步地，所述的FTO导电薄膜层刻蚀成区块数位可以为2～20个带状加热区块。
进一步地，所述FTO导电玻璃基板为沉积有FTO导电薄膜层的浮法玻璃基板或硼硅酸盐玻璃基板，FTO导电薄膜是氧化锡掺杂氟的透明导电层。
进一步地，所述玻璃基板可以是包含有PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)层的夹层玻璃、钢化玻璃和/或非钢化玻璃。
进一步地，所述FTO导电玻璃基板厚度为：1mm～20mm。优选为2mm～5mm。
进一步地，所述FTO导电薄膜层的厚度为：50nm～1000nm。优选为100nm～500nm。
进一步地，所述FTO导电玻璃基板的面电阻为：5ohm/□～100ohm/□。
进一步地，所述电极为导电条、导电薄膜或导电胶。
进一步地，施加在电极上的电源为24～1000V的电源。优选的电源为48～500V的直流或交流电源。
进一步地，所述电加热汽车风挡玻璃的透光率为10％～100％。本发明电加热汽车风挡玻璃的制备方法，该方法科学、合理，能实现电加热汽车风挡玻璃的工业化生产。
本发明电加热汽车风挡玻璃的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：对FTO导电玻璃基板进行梯形切割、磨边；
步骤2：对FTO导电玻璃进行刻蚀成多个带状加热区块，可以用激光刻蚀，化学刻蚀(锌粉和盐酸)，电化学刻蚀(电酸性介质中电压)等方法进行刻蚀，并洗涤、烘干备用。
步骤3：在每个区块的一组对边印刷或粘贴收集电流的导电线路，同时利用这些导电线路将这些FTO导电区块连接成串联线路，并分别印刷或粘贴正、负电极，并使用模具对FTO导电玻璃基板进行热弯和钢化处理，得到所需曲率的曲面玻璃；或者进行热弯和夹胶处理，得到所需强度和曲率的曲面玻璃；
步骤4：将正、负电极通过电气连接装置与电源相连，得到电加热车用风挡玻璃。
所述热弯和钢化包括以下步骤：首先将FTO导电玻璃基板水平放在模具上，送入加热炉进行热弯成型处理；然后迅速将其送到冷却风栅区进行急冷钢化处理。
当所述电加热车用风挡玻璃为包含有PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)层的夹层玻璃时，在步骤2和步骤3之间增加以下步骤：
步骤2.1：将与FTO导电玻璃基板相配合的其他玻璃单独或与FTO导电玻璃基板同时在模具内进行热弯处理；同时进行热弯处理是指将FTO导电玻璃和第二玻璃重叠在一起，放在 模具内同时热弯，既可以提高工作效率，也可以保证两片玻璃的曲率更加一致；
步骤2.2：在热弯后的FTO导电玻璃和其他玻璃之间放上PVB夹胶层，采用传统的夹胶工艺进行夹胶处理；
所述其他玻璃为普通玻璃或FTO导电玻璃基板。
所述其他玻璃厚度为1mm-10mm。
有益效果
本发明电加热车用风挡玻璃结构简单、紧凑，其制备方法科学、易行，与中国发明专利CN 201410649122.3的技术相比较具有以下优点：
(1)省去了电压变换装置，大幅度降低了成本：直流电压变换装置(通常简称为DC/DC)，通常将输入的直流电用大功率开关管转变成高频交流电，再由高频变压器变至所需的电压，最后、经整流滤波变为直流电。所以DC/DC的线路复杂、可靠性差、成本高，由于汽车及火车需要适应各种环境，车用的DC/DC成本更高；220V的工频交流变压器的技术成熟，可靠性高，但要使用大量的硅钢片和铜线、笨重、成本高。电压变换装置的成本甚至高于风挡玻璃的成本，所以，本发明具有重要的经济意义。
(2)节省了电能消耗：无论是直流还是交流电压变换装置都存在一定的电能消耗，直流DC/DC的电能转换效率一般低于95％，电能消耗更大。在转换过程中消耗的电能，不但使转换装置本身发热，对于新能源汽车，还会降低车辆的续航里程。
(3)节省了空间，降低了重量：对于汽车来说，增加车内空间，减轻车的重量都十分重要。
(4)能更好地适应不同形状的风挡玻璃。
(5)对于使用蓄电池供电的普通汽车，可以用已经技术成熟、价格低廉、性能可靠的交流逆变器，将蓄电池12V或24V直流电转变成110V或220V交流电，再使用本发明的技术方案，也可以大幅度降低总的成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例2的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例3的结构示意图；
图4为图3的A向剖视图；
图5为本发明实施例4的结构示意图；
图6为图5的A向剖视图；
图7为本发明实施例5的结构示意图；
图8为图5的A向剖视图；
附图标识：1-FTO导电玻璃基板，2-玻璃基板，3-夹胶层，4-导电银条，5-正极，6-负极，7-电流方向，11-玻璃基板；12-FTO导电薄膜层。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明进一步说明：
实施例1
本实施例公开了一种电加热汽车风挡玻璃，如图1所示，为一层FTO导电玻璃基板，所述每个FTO导电玻璃区块的左右两边的边缘上印刷有集流导电线路，所述集流导电线路高温烧结的印刷银浆。所述电极与电源电气连接。所述FTO导电玻璃基板为沉积有FTO导电薄膜的浮法玻璃基板，FTO导电薄膜是氧化锡掺杂氟的透明导电层。所述FTO导电玻璃基板厚度为：4mm，所述FTO导电玻璃基板的面电阻为：10ohm/□(10ohm/□)。施加在电极上的电源为150V锂电池。电流方向7如箭头所示。
本实施例电加热汽车风挡玻璃的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：对FTO导电(面电阻10ohm/□)玻璃基板1进行切割(按梯形切割，尺寸为玻璃上下两条平行线长度分别为1100mm，1200mm，两平宽度为850mm)、掰边、磨边、钻孔、洗涤，将表面灰尘、油污、杂质等清洗干净，洗涤后的玻璃基板进行烘干，注意经烘干后的玻璃基板不能用手直接触碰。
步骤2：用激光刻蚀，留出图1所示的两个上下布局矩形的FTO导电区块，尺寸分别为1050mm X 400mm和1150mm X 400mm，对应的电阻分别为26.3ohm和27.5ohm，导电的总面积为0.88m2。
步骤3：在矩形FTO导电区块的对边(短边)，分别印刷10mm宽的导电银条4，并其中将一侧的导电银线连通，另一侧即形成正极5、负极6。
步骤4：将上述处理好的平面FTO导电玻璃基板水平放在模具上，送至加热炉加热，当玻璃温度达到620℃左右时，用真空吸盘将玻璃吸起，然后放开玻璃做自由下落，由于重力作用下垂贴至模具而成形，再迅速将其送到冷却风栅区，用多头喷嘴将高压冷空气吹向玻璃的两面，急冷钢化，直接获得所需强度和曲率的曲面玻璃。
步骤5：分别将正极5、负极6的导电银条4通过导线与150V锂电池电源相连，从而使电流通过FTO导电薄膜并加热玻璃窗。加热的总功率为418W，功率密度为475W/m2。
实施例2
本实施例公开了一种电加热汽车风挡玻璃，如图2所示，为一层FTO导电玻璃基板，所述每个FTO导电玻璃区块的上下两边的边缘上印刷有集流导电线路，所述集流导电线路高温烧结的印刷银浆。所述电极与电源电气连接。所述FTO导电玻璃基板为沉积有FTO导电薄膜的浮法玻璃基板，FTO导电薄膜是氧化锡掺杂氟的透明导电层。所述FTO导电玻璃基板厚度为：4mm，所述FTO导电玻璃基板的面电阻为：10ohm/□(10ohm/□)。施加在电极上的电源为由逆变器产生的220V交流电。电流方向7如箭头所示。
本实施例电加热汽车风挡玻璃的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：对FTO导电(面电阻10ohm/□)玻璃基板1进行切割((按近似扇形切割，宽度的最宽处约为1200mm，最窄处约为1100mm，高度约为850mm)、掰边、磨边、钻孔、洗涤，将表面灰尘、油污、杂质等清洗干净，洗涤后的玻璃基板进行烘干，注意经烘干后的玻璃基板不能用手直接触碰。
步骤2：用激光刻蚀，留出图1所示的4个左右布局矩形的FTO导电区块，尺寸均为270mm X 800mm，对应的电阻为29.6ohm，导电的总面积为0.864m2，总电阻为118.4ohm。
步骤3：在矩形FTO导电区块的对边(短边)，分别印刷10mm宽的导电银条4，并其中将一侧的导电银线连通，另一侧即形成正极5、负极6。
步骤4：将上述处理好的平面FTO导电玻璃基板水平放在模具上，送至加热炉加热，当玻璃温度达到620℃左右时，用真空吸盘将玻璃吸起，然后放开玻璃做自由下落，由于重力作用下垂贴至模具而成形，再迅速将其送到冷却风栅区，用多头喷嘴将高压冷空气吹向玻璃的两面，急冷钢化，直接获得所需强度和曲率的曲面玻璃。
步骤5：分别将正极5、负极6的导电银条4通过导线与由逆变器产生的220V交流电相连，从而使电流通过FTO导电薄膜并加热玻璃窗。加热的总功率为409W，功率密度为473W/m2。
实施例3
本实施例公开了一种电加热汽车前风挡玻璃，结构如图5和图6所示，为包含有夹胶层3(PVB聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)的夹层玻璃，所述夹层玻璃包括一层FTO导电玻璃基板1和一层普通玻璃基板2，所述每个FTO导电玻璃区块的左右两边的边缘上印刷有集流导电线路，所述集流导电线路高温烧结的印刷银浆。所述电极与电源电气连接。电极的设置是用于施加加热电源的正、负电极。可以理解根据该电加热汽车风挡玻璃可以加工成各种汽车要求的曲面 和形状。电流方向7如箭头所示。
所述FTO导电玻璃基板为沉积有FTO导电薄膜的硼硅酸盐玻璃基板。FTO是氧化锡掺杂氟的透明导电层。所述FTO导电玻璃基板厚度为：2mm。普通玻璃厚度为2mm。所述FTO导电玻璃基板的面电阻为：12ohm/□。所述电极为导电银条。施加在电极上的电源为300V锂电池电源。
本实施例电加热汽车风挡玻璃的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：对厚度为2mm的FTO导电玻璃基板1(面电阻12ohm/□)按图2进行切割(按近似扇形切割，宽度的最宽处约为1200mm，最窄处约为1100mm，高度约为850mm)、掰边、磨边、钻孔、洗涤，将表面灰尘、油污、杂质等清洗干净，洗涤后的玻璃基板进行烘干，注意经烘干后的玻璃基板不能用手直接触碰。
步骤2：用激光刻蚀，留出图5所示的4个上下布局等宽弧形带型的FTO导电区块(上下为同样的平行的弧线，左右为直线)，两区块尺寸相同，弧长1050mm，圆弧半径为5000mm，高度为200mm，每个区块的电阻为63ohm，导电的总面积为0.84m2，总电阻为252ohm。
步骤3：在矩形FTO导电区块的对边(短边)，分别印刷10mm宽的导电银条4，并其中将一侧的导电银线连通，另一侧即形成正极5、负极6。
步骤4：将2mm的普通玻璃基板2经过和步骤1相同的处理后，得到相同尺寸的普通玻璃基板。不同的是，普通玻璃基板2对应于玻璃基板1的Ag条一端的位置需要预先钻孔，孔径为8mm。
步骤5：将上述处理好的FTO导电玻璃基板1和普通玻璃基板2叠放水平放在模具上，送至加热炉加热；当玻璃温度达到620℃左右时，玻璃由于重力作用下垂贴至模具而成形，保持10min后，慢速降温，直接获得所需曲率的曲面玻璃。
步骤6：在FTO导电玻璃基板1和玻璃基板2中间放置夹胶膜，对好位置后，至于夹胶炉内进行夹胶。
步骤7：通过普通玻璃基板2上预留的小孔，分别将正极:5、负极6的导电银条4通过导线与300V锂电池电源相连，从而使电流通过FTO导电薄膜并加热玻璃窗，加热的总功率为357W，功率密度为425W/m2。
实施例4
本实施例公开了一种用于大型汽车(货车和客车)电加热前风挡玻璃，结构如图5和图6所示，为包含有夹胶层3(PVB聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)的夹层玻璃，所述夹层玻璃包括一层FTO导电玻璃基板1和一层普通玻璃基板2，所述每个FTO导电玻璃区块的左右两边的边缘上印 刷有集流导电线路，所述集流导电线路高温烧结的印刷银浆。所述电极与电源电气连接。电极的设置是用于施加加热电源的正、负电极。可以理解根据该电加热汽车风挡玻璃可以加工成各种汽车要求的曲面和形状。电流方向7如箭头所示。
所述FTO导电玻璃基板为沉积有FTO导电薄膜的硼硅酸盐玻璃基板。FTO是氧化锡掺杂氟的透明导电层。所述FTO导电玻璃基板厚度为：3mm。所述FTO导电薄膜12的厚度为：200nm。普通玻璃厚度为3mm。所述FTO导电玻璃基板的面电阻为：8ohm/□。所述电极为导电银条。施加在电极上的电源为300V锂电池直流电源。
本实施例电加热汽车风挡玻璃的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：对厚度为3mm的FTO导电玻璃基板1(面电阻8ohm/□)按图2进行切割(按近似扇形切割，宽度的最宽处约为1800mm，最窄处约为1750mm，高度约为1650mm)、掰边、磨边、钻孔、洗涤，将表面灰尘、油污、杂质等清洗干净，洗涤后的玻璃基板进行烘干，注意经烘干后的玻璃基板不能用手直接触碰。
步骤2：用激光刻蚀，留出图2所示的三个上下布局矩形的FTO导电区块，尺寸均为1700mm X 500mm，每个区块的电阻为27.2ohm，导电的总面积为2.55m2，总电阻为81.6ohm。
步骤3：在矩形FTO导电区块的对边(短边)，分别印刷10mm宽的导电银条4，并其中将一侧的导电银线连通，另一侧即形成正极5、负极6。
步骤4：将2mm的普通玻璃基板2经过和步骤1相同的处理后，得到相同尺寸的普通玻璃基板。不同的是，普通玻璃基板2对应于玻璃基板1的Ag条一端的位置需要预先钻孔，孔径为8mm。
步骤5：将上述处理好的FTO导电玻璃基板1和普通玻璃基板2叠放水平放在模具上，送至加热炉加热；当玻璃温度达到620℃左右时，玻璃由于重力作用下垂贴至模具而成形，保持10min后，慢速降温，直接获得所需曲率的曲面玻璃。
步骤6：在FTO导电玻璃基板1和玻璃基板2中间放置夹胶膜，对好位置后，至于夹胶炉内进行夹胶。
步骤7：通过普通玻璃基板2上预留的小孔，分别将正极:5、负极6的导电银条4通过导线与300V锂电池电源相连，从而使电流通过FTO导电薄膜并加热玻璃窗，加热的总功率为1100W，功率密度为433W/m2。
实施例5
本实施例公开了一种用于火车和地铁的电加热风挡玻璃，结构如图5和图6所示，为包含有夹胶层3(PVB聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)的夹层钢化玻璃，所述夹层玻璃包括一层钢化的FTO 导电玻璃基板1和一层普通钢化玻璃基板2，所述每个FTO导电玻璃区块的上下两边的边缘上印刷有集流导电线路，所述集流导电线路高温烧结的印刷银浆。所述电极与电源电气连接。电极的设置是用于施加加热电源的正、负电极。可以理解根据该电加热汽车风挡玻璃可以加工成各种火车和地铁要求的曲面和形状。电流方向7如箭头所示。
所述FTO导电玻璃基板为沉积有FTO导电薄膜的硼硅酸盐玻璃基板。FTO是氧化锡掺杂氟的透明导电层。所述FTO导电玻璃基板厚度为：4mm。所述FTO导电薄膜12的厚度为：200nm。普通玻璃厚度为4mm。所述FTO导电玻璃基板的面电阻为：10ohm/□。所述电极为导电银条。施加在电极上的电源为220V交流电源。
本实施例电加热火车风挡玻璃的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：对厚度为4mm的FTO导电玻璃基板1(面电阻10ohm/□)按图2进行切割(按近似扇形切割，宽度的最宽处约为1850mm，最窄处约为1780mm，高度约为1600mm)、掰边、磨边、钻孔、洗涤，将表面灰尘、油污、杂质等清洗干净，洗涤后的玻璃基板进行烘干，注意经烘干后的玻璃基板不能用手直接触碰。
步骤2：用激光刻蚀，留出图5所示的2个左右布局平行四边形的FTO导电区块，两区块尺寸相同，平行四边形的纵向边长为1500mm，两边长之间的距离为850mm，每个区块的电阻为17.6ohm，导电的总面积为2.55m2，总电阻为35.3ohm。
步骤3：在平行四边形FTO导电区块的上下对边(短边)，分别印刷10mm宽的导电银条4，并其中将一侧的导电银线连通，另一侧即形成正极5、负极6。
步骤4：将同样尺寸的厚度4mm的普通玻璃基板2经过和步骤1处理后，得到相同尺寸的普通玻璃基板。不同的是，普通玻璃基板2对应于玻璃基板1的Ag条一端的位置需要预先钻孔，孔径为8mm。
步骤5：将上述处理好的平面FTO导电玻璃基板和普通玻璃基板2分别水平放在各自的模具上，送至加热炉加热，当玻璃温度达到620℃左右时，用真空吸盘将两片玻璃分别吸起，叠放在模具上做自由下落，由于重力作用下垂贴至模具而成形，保持10min后，迅速将其送到冷却风栅区，用多头喷嘴将高压冷空气吹向玻璃的两面，急冷钢化，直接获得所需强度和曲率的曲面玻璃。
步骤6：在FTO导电玻璃基板1和玻璃基板2中间放置夹胶膜，对好位置后，至于夹胶炉内进行夹胶。
步骤7：通过普通玻璃基板2上预留的小孔，分别将正极:5、负极6的导电银条4通过导线与220V交流电源相连，从而使电流通过FTO导电薄膜并加热玻璃窗，加热的总功率为1370W，功率密度为538W/m2。
上述非限制性实施例可以使本领域的普通技术人员更全面地理解本发明，但不以任何方式限制本发明。任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思进行等同替换或改变均属于本发明保护范畴。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于FTO导电玻璃的电加热汽车及火车的风挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述FTO导电玻璃由至少一层FTO导电薄膜层和玻璃基板组成，其中：FTO导电薄膜层刻蚀成若干区块，在每个区块的一组对边印刷或粘贴收集电流的导电线路，通过所述导电线路将FTO导电薄膜层的区块串联后；再与设置于所述玻璃基板相对的两条边缘上的电极与电源电气连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的风挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述的FTO导电薄膜层刻蚀成区块数位2～20。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的风挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述玻璃基板为浮法玻璃基板或硼硅酸盐玻璃基板，FTO导电薄膜层是氧化锡掺杂氟的透明导电层。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述风挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述玻璃基板是包含有PVB层的夹层玻璃、钢化玻璃和/或非钢化玻璃。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的风挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述玻璃基板厚度为：1mm～20mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的风挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述FTO导电薄膜层的厚度为：50nm～1000nm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的风挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述FTO导电玻璃基板的面电阻为：3ohm/□～100ohm/□。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的风挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述电极为导电条、导电薄膜或导电胶。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的风挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述电源为24～1000V直流或交流电源。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的风挡玻璃，其特征在于，所述电加热汽车风挡玻璃的透光率为10％～100％。
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CN106739988A (zh) * 2017-01-20 2017-05-31 大连七色光太阳能科技开发有限公司 电加热车用风挡玻璃

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