WO2018120831A1 - 基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统及方法 - Google Patents

基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2018120831A1
WO2018120831A1 PCT/CN2017/095131 CN2017095131W WO2018120831A1 WO 2018120831 A1 WO2018120831 A1 WO 2018120831A1 CN 2017095131 W CN2017095131 W CN 2017095131W WO 2018120831 A1 WO2018120831 A1 WO 2018120831A1
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vehicle
noise signal
microphone
fundamental frequency
driving
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PCT/CN2017/095131
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English (en)
French (fr)
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芮元勋
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上海蔚来汽车有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R2021/01302—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over monitoring vehicle body vibrations or noise

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  • the invention relates to the field of automobile electronics, and particularly relates to a vehicle safety early warning system and method based on Doppler effect.
  • the mainstream vehicle safety warning method mainly uses the driving radar or infrared method to measure the distance of adjacent vehicles.
  • the disadvantage of these methods is that the measurable distance is short, and the distance between vehicles for high-speed traveling is often large, if in the vehicle workshop. It is difficult to give the driver enough reaction time to find a safety hazard when the distance is extremely short.
  • the invention intends to increase the vehicle safety early warning detection distance by judging the method of driving noise of other vehicles.
  • the present invention proposes a vehicle safety early warning system and method based on the Doppler effect, which realizes the driving safety judgment by driving noise, and realizes the driving safety early warning detection of a large distance.
  • the invention provides a vehicle safety early warning system based on Doppler effect, which comprises a microphone, a noise signal processing unit and an alarm device; the microphones are respectively installed on the head of the vehicle and/or the tail of the vehicle, and are installed on the head of the vehicle.
  • the microphone is mainly in front of the vehicle, and the microphone is installed at the rear of the vehicle, and the main direction is directly behind the vehicle. Further, the microphone installed at the head of the vehicle is used to collect the noise signal in front of the vehicle and is installed in the vehicle.
  • the microphone at the tail is used to collect the noise signal behind the vehicle; the noise signal processing unit is used to identify the microphone Collecting a driving noise signal in the noise signal, and calculating a fundamental frequency of the driving noise signal, and if the fundamental frequency change of the receiving driving noise signal exceeds a set threshold, alarming to the control alarm device; the fundamental frequency change is a fundamental frequency The magnitude or speed or rate of change; the alarm device is used to receive a control command from the noise signal processing unit for an alarm.
  • a microphone can be installed at the head of the vehicle and at the rear of the vehicle, and in this case, the microphone mounted on the head of the vehicle has a main direction directly in front of the vehicle and is used to collect noise signals in front of the vehicle.
  • the microphone disposed at the rear of the vehicle has a main direction directly behind the vehicle and is used to collect noise signals behind the vehicle.
  • the main direction of the microphone is directly in front of the vehicle and is used to collect a noise signal in front of the vehicle.
  • the main direction of the microphone is directly behind the vehicle and is used to collect the noise signal behind the vehicle.
  • the microphone is a directional microphone or a microphone array.
  • the microphone mounted on the head of the vehicle can be installed in the middle of the front front bumper, and the microphone installed at the tail of the vehicle can be installed in The middle of the last square bumper.
  • a microphone can be installed at the head of the vehicle and at the rear of the vehicle, and in this case, the microphone mounted on the head of the vehicle can be placed in the middle of the front front bumper, and installed.
  • the microphone at the rear of the vehicle can be installed in the middle of the last side bumper.
  • the microphone can be installed in the middle of the foremost front bumper.
  • the microphone can be installed in the middle of the rear front bumper.
  • the alarm device is a warning light or a TTS (Text To Speech) voice broadcaster or a buzzer.
  • TTS Text To Speech
  • the invention also proposes a vehicle safety warning method based on the Doppler effect, comprising the following steps:
  • Step S1 obtaining a front noise signal and/or a rear noise signal of the vehicle by directional acquisition;
  • Step S2 calculating the spectral characteristics of the noise signal collected in step S1, compared with the standard driving noise spectrum characteristics, determining whether the collected signal is a vehicle driving noise signal, and if it is a vehicle driving noise signal, performing step S3;
  • Step S3 calculating a fundamental frequency of the driving noise signal, and monitoring the change of the fundamental frequency;
  • the fundamental frequency change is a fundamental frequency variation amplitude or speed or rate;
  • step S4 if it is detected in step S3 that the fundamental frequency change of the traffic noise signal exceeds the set threshold, it is determined to be a dangerous situation, and an alarm is issued.
  • the spectral characteristics of the collected noise signal are obtained by performing a Mel cepstrum and normalization calculation on the collected noise signal.
  • the standard driving noise spectrum characteristic is calculated from a large amount of experimental data by a statistical method.
  • noise reduction is performed by a low-pass filtering or a wind noise reduction algorithm.
  • the fundamental frequency of the traffic noise signal is calculated in step S3 by:
  • Step S31 performing discrete Fourier transform on the noise reduction driving noise signal
  • x(n) is the noise signal after noise reduction
  • Step S32 performing frequency domain logarithm processing
  • Step S33 performing discrete Fourier inverse transformation
  • the frequency point of the peak is taken as the fundamental frequency of the driving noise signal.
  • the method for determining the dangerous situation in step S4 is to calculate the vehicle speed change of the vehicle of the driving noise signal source by the fundamental frequency variation of the driving noise signal, thereby calculating the driving noise.
  • the signal source vehicle acceleration is compared with a set threshold, and if the threshold is exceeded, it is judged to be a dangerous situation.
  • the invention provides a high-speed driving vehicle under complicated road conditions, and carries out a dangerous situation warning by the change of the driving noise signal thereof, can find the abnormal acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle of the driving noise signal source at the first time, and sends an alarm message to the driver to avoid
  • the driver simply judges the driving safety situation by the human eye to judge the error or judge the delay, which helps to prevent the rear-end collision and the rear-end situation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle safety early warning system based on Doppler effect according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a vehicle safety early warning method based on the Doppler effect of the present invention.
  • a Doppler-based vehicle safety early warning system 10 of the present invention includes a microphone, a noise signal processing unit 101, and an alarm device 102.
  • This embodiment describes a scheme in which the vehicle has both front and rear safety warnings, as shown in FIG. 1 , in which the microphones are respectively installed at the head of the vehicle and the tail of the vehicle.
  • the main directions correspond to the front of the vehicle and the rear of the vehicle.
  • the microphone 103 mounted on the head of the vehicle collects a noise signal in front of the vehicle
  • the microphone 104 installed at the rear of the vehicle collects a noise signal behind the vehicle.
  • the microphone according to the embodiment is a directional microphone or a microphone array.
  • the microphone 103 mounted on the head of the vehicle can be installed in the middle of the front bumper at the forefront of the vehicle head
  • the microphone 104 installed at the rear of the vehicle can be Installed in the middle of the rear bumper at the rear of the vehicle.
  • the microphone can also be installed separately on the vehicle head or the rear of the vehicle, corresponding to a safety warning in a single direction in front of or behind the vehicle.
  • the noise signal processing unit is configured to identify a driving noise signal in the noise signal collected by the microphone, and calculate a fundamental frequency of the driving noise signal. If the fundamental frequency change of the driving noise signal exceeds a set threshold, the alarm device is controlled to alarm.
  • the fundamental frequency change is the amplitude or speed or rate of the fundamental frequency change.
  • the alarm device is a warning light or a TTS voice broadcaster or a buzzer for receiving a control command of the noise signal processing unit for alarming.
  • a vehicle safety warning method based on the Doppler effect of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 using a directional microphone or a microphone array respectively installed on the head of the vehicle and/or the tail of the vehicle to obtain a vehicle front noise signal and/or a vehicle rear noise signal by directional acquisition;
  • step S2 by performing the Mel cepstrum and the normalization calculation on the collected noise signal, the spectral characteristics of the noise signal collected in step S1 are obtained, and compared with the standard driving noise spectrum characteristics, whether the collected signal is determined whether For the vehicle to drive the noise signal, if the vehicle is traveling noise signal, step S3 is performed;
  • Step S3 calculating a fundamental frequency of the driving noise signal, and monitoring the change of the fundamental frequency;
  • the fundamental frequency change is a fundamental frequency variation amplitude or speed or rate;
  • step S4 if it is detected in step S3 that the fundamental frequency change of the traffic noise signal exceeds the set threshold, it is determined to be a dangerous situation, and an alarm is issued.
  • the receiving frequency becomes higher when the wave source approaches the observer, and the receiving frequency becomes lower when the wave source is far away from the observer.
  • the frequency relationship between the observer and the transmitting source is as shown in the formula (1):
  • f' is the observed frequency
  • f is the original transmit frequency from which the source originated
  • v is the travel speed of the wave in the medium
  • v 0 is the observer's moving speed, if the observer approaches the source, the front The operation symbol is "+”, otherwise it is "-"
  • v s is the transmission speed of the source. If the source is close to the observer, the front operation symbol is "-", otherwise it is "+”.
  • the numerator in the formula (1) is the sum of the traveling noise propagation speed and the observer speed v+v 0
  • the denominator is the driving noise propagation speed and the driving noise source vehicle speed.
  • the difference vv s is then multiplied with the original frequency of the sound source to obtain the frequency received by the observer, which is higher than the original frequency of the driving noise.
  • the molecular subtraction operation becomes smaller
  • the denominator addition operation becomes larger
  • the calculated frequency becomes lower than the original sound frequency of the driving noise.
  • the fundamental frequency variation of the monitored driving noise signal can be used to reflect the speed of the vehicle from the source of the driving noise, and the joining time factor can also reflect the acceleration of the vehicle from the source of the driving noise, and thus can be utilized by using the monitored driving.
  • the fundamental frequency change of the noise signal provides an early warning of the acceleration of the vehicle with the source of the traffic noise, such as the sudden acceleration of the rear vehicle or the sudden deceleration of the preceding vehicle, thereby promptly alerting the driver to the situation of the preceding or following vehicle, which is beneficial to the driver. Respond to avoid rear-end collisions and rear-end collisions.
  • the standard driving noise spectrum characteristics in this embodiment are calculated from a large number of experimental data by a statistical method.
  • noise reduction is performed by an algorithm of low-pass filtering or reducing wind noise.
  • the base frequency of the traffic noise signal is calculated in step S3 of this embodiment, and the method is:
  • Step S31 performing discrete Fourier transform on the noise reduction driving noise signal, as shown in formula (2)
  • x(n) is the noise signal after noise reduction
  • Step S32 performing frequency domain logarithm processing, as shown in formula (3)
  • Step S33 performing a discrete Fourier inverse change, as shown in formula (4)
  • the frequency point of the peak is taken as the fundamental frequency of the driving noise signal.
  • the method for determining the dangerous situation in step S4 is to calculate the vehicle speed change of the vehicle of the driving noise signal by the fundamental frequency change of the driving noise signal, and then calculate the vehicle acceleration of the driving noise signal source and compare it with the set threshold. If the threshold value is exceeded, it is determined as Dangerous situation.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
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Abstract

一种基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统（10），包括传声器、噪声信号处理单元（101）、报警装置（102）；通过传声器定向采集得到车辆前方噪声信号和/或车辆后方噪声信号；在噪声信号处理单元中（101）计算所采集的噪声信号的频谱特性，与标准的行车噪声频谱特性进行对比，判断所采集的信号是否为车辆行驶噪声信号，若是车辆行驶噪声信号则继续往下执行；计算行车噪声信号的基频，并监测该基频的变化；若监测到行车噪声信号的基频变化超过设定阈值，则判断为危险情况，并控制报警装置（102）进行报警；以及一种基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警方法。该系统和方法能够第一时间发现前、后方车辆的异常加速或减速，并向驾驶员发出报警信息，避免驾驶员单纯靠人眼判断行车安全情况判断错误或判断延误，有助于防止车辆追尾和被追尾情况的发生。

Description

基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车电子领域，具体涉及一种基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统及方法。
背景技术
目前主流的车辆安全预警方式主要采用行车雷达或红外的方式来测量相邻的车辆距离，这些方法的缺陷是可测量的距离较短，对于高速行进的车辆车间距往往比较大，如果在车辆车间距离已经极短的情况下才发现安全隐患则难以给到驾驶员足够的反应时间。
本发明拟通过判断其他车辆行驶噪声的方法，较大幅度增加车辆安全预警探测距离。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，本发明提出了一种基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统及方法，通过行车噪声进行行车安全的判断，实现了较大距离的行车安全预警探测。
本发明提出的一种基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统，包括传声器、噪声信号处理单元、报警装置；所述传声器分别装设于车辆头部和/或车辆尾部，装设于车辆头部的传声器，其主方向为车辆正前方，装设于车辆尾部的传声器，其主方向为车辆正后方，进一步，装设于车辆头部的传声器用于采集车辆前方噪声信号，而装设于车辆尾部的传声器用于采集车辆后方噪声信号；噪声信号处理单元用于识别传声器所采 集噪声信号中的行车噪声信号，并计算该行车噪声信号的基频，若接收到行车噪声信号的基频变化超过设定阈值，则向控制报警装置报警；所述的基频变化为基频变化幅度或速度或速率；报警装置用于接收噪声信号处理单元的控制指令进行报警。
应理解的是，在车辆头部和车辆尾部均可装设传声器，且在这种情况下，装设于车辆头部的传声器，其主方向为车辆正前方并用于采集车辆前方噪声信号，装设于车辆尾部的传声器，其主方向为车辆正后方并用于采集车辆后方噪声信号。当仅在车辆头部装设传声器的情况下，该传声器主方向为车辆正前方并用于采集车辆前方噪声信号。当仅在车辆尾部装设传声器的情况下，该传声器主方向为车辆正后方并用于采集车辆后方噪声信号。
按照本发明的基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统中，优选的，所述的传声器为指向性传声器或传声器阵列。
按照本发明的基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统中，优选的，装设于车辆头部的传声器可装设于最前方的前保险杠中部，装设于车辆尾部的传声器可装设于最后方保险杠的中部。与上文描述的示例类似，在车辆头部和车辆尾部均可装设传声器，且在这种情况下，设于车辆头部的传声器装可设于最前方的前保险杠中部，而装设于车辆尾部的传声器可装设于最后方保险杠的中部。当仅在车辆头部装设传声器的情况下，该传声器可装设于最前方的前保险杠中部。当仅在车辆尾部装设传声器的情况下，该传声器可装设于最后方的前保险杠中部。
按照本发明的基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统中，优选的，所述的报警装置为警示灯或TTS(Text To Speech，从文本到语音)语音播报器或蜂鸣器。
本发明还提出一种基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，通过定向采集得到车辆前方噪声信号和/或车辆后方噪声信号；
步骤S2，计算步骤S1中所采集的噪声信号的频谱特性，与标准的行车噪声频谱特性进行对比，判断所采集的信号是否为车辆行驶噪声信号，若是车辆行驶噪声信号则执行步骤S3；
步骤S3，计算行车噪声信号的基频，并监测该基频的变化；所述的基频变化为基频变化幅度或速度或速率；
步骤S4，若步骤S3监测到行车噪声信号的基频变化超过设定阈值，则判断为危险情况，并进行报警。
按照本发明的基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警方法，优选的，步骤S2中通过对所采集的噪声信号进行梅尔倒谱以及归一化计算得到所采集的噪声信号的频谱特性。
按照本发明的基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警方法，优选的，所述标准的行车噪声频谱特性通过统计学的方法，从大量试验数据中计算得出。
按照本发明的基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警方法，优选的，步骤S2中计算所采集的噪声信号的频谱特性前，通过低通滤波或降低风噪的算法进行降噪。
按照本发明的基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警方法，优选的，步骤S3中所述计算行车噪声信号的基频，其方法为：
步骤S31，对降噪后的行车噪声信号进行离散傅立叶变化
X(eiω)＝DFT[x(n)]
其中x(n)为降噪后噪声信号；
步骤S32，进行频域取对数处理
C(eiω)＝lnX(eiω)
步骤S33，进行离散傅立叶逆变化
c(n)＝IDFT[C(eiω)]
然后，取峰值的频率点作为行车噪声信号的基频。
按照本发明的基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警方法，优选的，步骤S4中判断危险情况的方法为通过行车噪声信号的基频变化来计算行车噪声信号来源车辆的车速变化，进而计算行车噪声信号来源车辆加速度并与设定阈值进行对比，如超过阈值则判断为危险情况。
本发明对于复杂路面情况下的高速行驶车辆，通过其行车噪声信号的变化来进行危险情况预警，能够第一时间发现行车噪声信号来源车辆的异常加速或减速，并向驾驶员发出报警信息，避免驾驶员单纯靠人眼判断行车安全情况判断错误或判断延误，有助于防止车辆追尾和被追尾情况的发生。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统结构框架示意图；
图2是本发明基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明的一种基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统10，包括传声器、噪声信号处理单元101、报警装置102。
本实施例采用车辆同时具有前方和后方安全预警的方案进行描述，如图1所示，该方案中传声器分别装设于车辆头部和车辆尾部， 其主方向分别对应为车辆正前方和车辆正后方。装设于车辆头部的传声器103采集车辆前方噪声信号，装设于车辆尾部的传声器104采集车辆后方噪声信号。按照本实施例的传声器为指向性传声器或传声器阵列，作为示例，装设于车辆头部的传声器103可装设在车辆头部最前方的前保险杠中部，装设于车辆尾部的传声器104可装设在车辆尾部最后方保险杠的中部。在实际的使用中，也可以单独的将传声器安装车辆头部或车辆尾部，对应的实现车辆前方或后方单一方向的安全预警。
噪声信号处理单元用于识别传声器所采集噪声信号中的行车噪声信号，并计算该行车噪声信号的基频，若接收到行车噪声信号的基频变化超过设定阈值，则控制报警装置报警。所述的基频变化为基频变化幅度或速度或速率。
报警装置为警示灯或TTS语音播报器或蜂鸣器，用于接收噪声信号处理单元的控制指令进行报警。
本发明的一种基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警方法，如图2所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，利用分别装设于车辆头部和/或车辆尾部的指向性传声器或传声器阵列，通过定向采集得到车辆前方噪声信号和/或车辆后方噪声信号；
步骤S2，通过对所采集的噪声信号进行梅尔倒谱以及归一化计算，得到步骤S1中所采集的噪声信号的频谱特性，与标准的行车噪声频谱特性进行对比，判断所采集的信号是否为车辆行驶噪声信号，若是车辆行驶噪声信号则执行步骤S3；
步骤S3，计算行车噪声信号的基频，并监测该基频的变化；所述的基频变化为基频变化幅度或速度或速率；
步骤S4，若步骤S3监测到行车噪声信号的基频变化超过设定阈值，则判断为危险情况，并进行报警。
通过基频变化来进行危险报警的原理为：
根据多普勒效应，波在波源向观察者接近时接收频率变高，而在波源远离观察者时接收频率变低，观察者和发射源的频率关系如公式(1)所示：
Figure PCTCN2017095131-appb-000001
其中f′为观察到的频率；f为发射源于该介质中的原始发射频率；v为波在该介质中的行进速度；v0为观察者移动速度，若观察者接近发射源，则前方运算符号为“+”号,反之则为“-”号；vs为发射源移动速度，若发射源接近观察者，则前方运算符号为“-”号，反之则为“+”号。
在本发明应用场景中，当发射源接近观察者时，公式(1)中分子是行车噪声传播速度和观察者速度之和v+v0，分母是行车噪声传播速度和行车噪声来源车辆速度之差v-vs，然后和声源原始频率进行乘法运算，得到观察者接收到的频率，比行车噪声的原始频率变高。反之，当发射源远离观察者的时候，分子减法运算变小，分母加法运算变大，计算得到的频率比行车噪声的原始声音频率变低。根据上述原理可知，利用监测到的行车噪声信号的基频变化，可以反映出行车噪声来源车辆的速度，加入时间因素还可以反映行车噪声来源车辆的加速度情况，因而，可以通过利用监测到的行车噪声信号的基频变化对行车噪声来源车辆的加速情况作出预警，如后车的突然加速或前车的突然减速，进而快速的提醒驾驶员注意前车或后车的情况，有利于驾驶员快速作出反应，避免追尾和被追尾。
本实施例中标准的行车噪声频谱特性通过统计学的方法，从大量试验数据中计算得出。
本实施例中，在步骤S2中计算所采集的噪声信号的频谱特性前，通过低通滤波或降低风噪的算法进行降噪。
本实施例步骤S3中所述计算行车噪声信号的基频，其方法为：
步骤S31，对降噪后的行车噪声信号进行离散傅立叶变化，如公式(2)所示
X(eiω)＝DFT[x(n)]           (2)
其中x(n)为降噪后噪声信号；
步骤S32，进行频域取对数处理，如公式(3)所示
C(eiω)＝lnX(eiω)             (3)
步骤S33，进行离散傅立叶逆变化，如公式(4)所示
c(n)＝IDFT[C(eiω)]           (4)
然后，取峰值的频率点作为行车噪声信号的基频。
步骤S4中判断危险情况的方法为通过行车噪声信号的基频变化来计算行车噪声信号来源车辆的车速变化，进而计算行车噪声信号来源车辆加速度并与设定阈值进行对比，如超过阈值则判断为危险情况。
本领域技术人员应该能够意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及方法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明电子硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以电子硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。本领域技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警系统，其特征在于，包括传声器、噪声信号处理单元、报警装置；
    所述传声器分别装设于车辆头部和/或车辆尾部，其中，装设于车辆头部的传声器的主方向为车辆正前方且用于采集车辆前方噪声信号，装设于车辆尾部的传声器的主方向为车辆正后方且用于采集车辆后方噪声信号；
    噪声信号处理单元用于识别传声器所采集噪声信号中的行车噪声信号，并计算该行车噪声信号的基频，若接收到行车噪声信号的基频变化超过设定阈值，则向控制报警装置报警；所述基频变化为基频变化幅度或速度或速率；
    报警装置用于接收噪声信号处理单元的控制指令进行报警。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆安全预警系统，其特征在于，所述的传声器为指向性传声器或传声器阵列。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车辆安全预警系统，其特征在于，装设于车辆头部的传声器装设于车辆头部最前方的前保险杠中部，装设于车辆尾部的传声器装设于车辆尾部最后方保险杠的中部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的车辆安全预警系统，其特征在于，所述的报警装置为警示灯或TTS语音播报器或蜂鸣器。
  5. 一种基于多普勒效应的车辆安全预警方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1，通过定向采集得到车辆前方噪声信号和/或车辆后方噪声信号；
    步骤S2，计算步骤S1中所采集的噪声信号的频谱特性，与标准的行车噪声频谱特性进行对比，判断所采集的信号是否为车辆行驶噪声信号，若是车辆行驶噪声信号则执行步骤S3；
    步骤S3，计算行车噪声信号的基频，并监测该基频的变化；所述的基频变化为基频变化幅度或速度或速率；
    步骤S4，若步骤S3监测到行车噪声信号的基频变化超过设定阈值，则判断为危险情况，并进行报警。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的车辆安全预警方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中通过对所采集的噪声信号进行梅尔倒谱以及归一化计算得到所采集的噪声信号的频谱特性。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的车辆安全预警方法，其特征在于，所述标准的行车噪声频谱特性通过统计学的方法，从大量试验数据中计算得出。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的车辆安全预警方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中计算所采集的噪声信号的频谱特性前，通过低通滤波或降低风噪的算法进行降噪。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的车辆安全预警方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中所述计算行车噪声信号的基频，其方法为：
    步骤S31，对降噪后的行车噪声信号进行离散傅立叶变化
    X(eiω)＝DFT[x(n)]
    其中x(n)为降噪后噪声信号；
    步骤S32，进行频域取对数处理
    C(eiω)＝lnX(eiω)
    步骤S33，进行离散傅立叶逆变化
    c(n)＝IDFT[C(eiω)]
    然后，取峰值的频率点作为行车噪声信号的基频。
  10. 根据权利要求5～9任一项所述的车辆安全预警方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中判断危险情况的方法为通过行车噪声信号的基频变化来计算行车噪声信号来源车辆的车速变化，进而计算行车噪声信号来源车辆加速度并与设定阈值进行对比，如超过阈值则判断为危险情况。
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