WO2018116206A1

WO2018116206A1 - Interlocking system of constant cross-section

Info

Publication number: WO2018116206A1
Application number: PCT/IB2017/058213
Authority: WO
Inventors: Victor Manuel ARISTIZABAL GIL; Marcela MORALES LONDOÑO; Juan Diego Del Sagrado Corazón De Jesús JARAMILLO FERNANDEZ
Original assignee: Universidad Eafit; Universidad De Medellín; Seguros Generales Suramericana S.A.; Cámara Colombiana De La Construcción Camacol Regional Antioquia; Ladrillera San Cristobal S.A.
Priority date: 2016-12-23
Filing date: 2017-12-20
Publication date: 2018-06-28

Abstract

The present invention relates to a masonry unit of constant cross-section and to the interlocking system formed when the units are arranged by means of a mechanically locking assembly, such that each unit is locked in position and cannot be rotated or moved in any direction, without any mortar or other additional element being required. The proposed interlocking system only requires a single basic unit to form the arrangement, thus making the building process easier. The proposed interlocking system can be authorised for use in any seismic hazard zone for constructing buildings with one or more floors or for reinforcing existing structures, or for erecting partition walls in buildings with more than two storeys. The proposed arrangement achieves an improved structural performance of the interlocking system, since it interrupts the continuity of the horizontal and/or vertical joints between the contact zones of the units.

Description

MACHIHEMBRATED SYSTEM OF CONSTANT CROSS SECTION

1. Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a masonry unit of constant cross section, and to the tongue and groove system that is achieved from the arrangement of these units, in which an assembly is obtained by the mechanical interlocking that occurs between the units, of such that each unit is locked in its position, without its turning or displacement being possible in any direction, and this is achieved without the need to use mortar or other additional element.

2. Description of the state of the art

Traditional masonry, despite being one of the oldest and most widely accepted construction systems worldwide, has the limitation that its use is currently restricted to certain types of building, and it is only allowed to be used in areas of seismic threat Low or moderate.

These limitations are mainly due to the fact that its structural performance depends to a large extent on the mortar, which constitutes the weak link in the whole; This is why an alternative construction system must be developed from which it is possible to improve the seismic performance of the masonry, so that it can be used in any seismic threat zone and does not require for its use of the use of mortar of paste.

i The tongue and groove masonry, system that is formed from the assembly that is generated by the mechanical anchoring that occurs in the contact areas between the units that constitute the system, and that does not require glue mortar for use, can be classified according to be the cross section of the typical unit, such as constant or variable section.

First, the current developments of tongue and groove masonry, in which the typical unit proposed is of variable cross-section, have the disadvantage that they cannot be implemented in manufacturing processes through the extrusion process, since this process only they can obtain units with constant cross section.

Secondly, the current developments of tongue and groove masonry in which the typical unit proposed is of constant cross-section, have deficiencies in terms of structural performance since in the final assembly of these systems it is not possible to break the continuity in any of the horizontal and / or vertical joints that are generated in the contact areas of the units that make up the system, and therefore in these sites continuous lines of weakness are generated that adversely affect the structural behavior of the system.

Third, the current developments of tongue and groove masonry, in which the typical unit proposed is of constant cross-section, require three or more units to assemble, which slows down the process of learning and adapting the system by the guild builder.

A first example of current development of tongue and groove masonry, in which the proposed typical unit is of constant cross-section, is the one disclosed in US 4633630 A, in which the typical unit is made up of a block ^{n nnnnmtn ο ΐ; ,, Λ} " ^{, | η n} constant section. This system is formed from a double wall system, and to achieve the assembly two types of basic units must be used: the typical and the corner. In this system it is not possible to break the continuity of the vertical joint that is generated in the contact areas between the units.

A second example of current development of tongue and groove masonry, in which the typical unit proposed is of constant cross section, is SILBLOCK / HILBLOCK, which can be seen in the following link EVALUATION OF INTERLOCKING-BLOCK MASON RY, in which a proposed double wall system consisting of three basic units, either solid or vertical drilling. In this system, as in the previous case, it is not possible to break the continuity of the vertical joint that is generated in the contact areas between the units.

A third example of current development of tongue and groove masonry, is called Haener Block, which can be seen in the following link htlo: //ww,haenerblock.com/index.hj: ml, where a single wall system is proposed by a single basic horizontal drilling unit. In this system it is not possible to break the continuity of the vertical joint that is generated in the contact areas between the units.

The need to develop a tongue and groove system is evident, in which it is only necessary to use a single basic unit in such a way that the construction process is facilitated, and in which it is also fulfilled that the cross-section of the basic unit is constant of such that it is possible to manufacture it through the extrusion process. In addition, the new system must be designed in such a way that it is possible to break the continuity of the horizontal and / or vertical joints that are generated in the contact areas of the units, this in order to enhance their structural performance. 3. Brief description of the figures

FIG. 1 illustrates an isometric view of the unit (1) with the parts that comprise it. FIG. 2 illustrates a plan view of the unit (1).

FIG. 3 illustrates a plan view of an arrangement of four units (1).

FIG. 4 illustrates an isometric view of a proposed arrangement for an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates an isometric view of a proposed arrangement for an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates an isometric view of a proposed arrangement for an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates an isometric view of the unit (1), for an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 8 illustrates an isometric view of the unit (1) lightened by through holes (14), for one embodiment of the invention.

4. Brief description of the invention

The present invention corresponds to a masonry unit of constant cross-section, designed in such a way that it is possible to obtain an arrangement with the assembly of these units, from which a mechanical lock is generated, so that each unit is locked in its position, without its turning or displacement in any direction possible, and this is achieved without the need to use mortar or other additional element. 5. Detailed description of the invention

The present invention corresponds to a unit of constant cross-section, designed in such a way that with the assembly of these units it is possible to obtain an arrangement, for the development of constructions in masonry walls, in which a mechanical interlock is generated between the units in such a way that each unit is locked in its position without its turning or displacement in any direction possible, and this is achieved without the need to use cement or other additional element to reinforce the mechanical assembly between the units (1) that make up the arrangement.

Referring to FIG. 1, we observe a masonry unit of constant cross section that can be placed in its place manually and which is composed of a first wedge (3), a tensioner (2) and a second wedge (6). Where said tensioner (2) joins the parts that make up the masonry unit (1) and allows the connection between the first wedge (3) and the second wedge (6).

The first wedge (3), is formed by a fin (4) and a core (5), connected to one end of the tensioner (2) and where, the fin (4) has a length L1 that is measured in the transverse direction and a width A3 that is measured in the longitudinal direction. Dimensionally, the soul (5) has a length L3 that is measured in the longitudinal direction and a width A1 that is measured in the transverse direction.

The second wedge (6), formed by an extended fin (7) and an extended core (8), connected to the opposite end of the tensioner (2) and where, the extended fin (7) has a length L2 which is measured in the transverse direction and a width A3 that is measured in the longitudinal direction. Dimensionally, the extended soul (8) has a length L3 that is measured in the longitudinal direction and a width A2 that is measured in the transverse direction.

A channel (9) formed by the inner surfaces of the wedges (3 and 6) and the tensioner (2), where said channel, is intended to receive the first and second wedges of two adjacent units that are located in the wall opposite.

Referring to FIG. 2, we can see how in one embodiment of the invention, the length L1 of the fin (4) is less than the length L2 of the extended fin (7); the width A1 of the soul (5) is smaller than the width A2 of the extended soul (8); and the width A3 of the fins is smaller than the length L3 of the souls.

As illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the channel (9) receives the first wedge (3) and the second wedge (6) of two adjacent units (1 D and 1 E) located on the opposite wall, generating an arrangement, from which a lock is generated mechanically, in such a way that each unit is locked in its position without its rotation or displacement in any direction being possible, without using mortar or other additional element to ensure the union between the units. Additionally, in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 we can see how the arrangement formed begins to configure a wall composed of an interior wall (16) and an exterior wall (17).

On the other hand, as illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, both the geometry of the unit (1) and the proposed arrangement were designed in such a way that it would be possible to interrupt the continuity of the horizontal and vertical joints that are formed when assembling the units. The purpose of this strategy is to avoid Weakness generation plans and improve the structural performance of the system.

In the context of this document we will define as horizontal joints, horizontally arranged planes between the construction components that make up each of the walls (interior or exterior) that are part of the proposed arrangement. Additionally, we will define as vertical joints, vertically arranged planes between the construction components that make up each of the walls (interior or exterior) that are part of the proposed arrangement.

In FIG. 5 is illustrated as the horizontal joint (10), which is formed in the horizontal planes of contact between the components, ceases to be continuous due to the confrontation that occurs between the components that are located in the inner wall (16) and the components which are located in the outer wall (17).

In FIG. 6, it is illustrated how the vertical joints (1 1) that are formed in this arrangement, in the contact planes between the components, lose their continuity due to two possible blockages, one occurs due to the confrontation between the components that are located in the outer wall and the components that are located in the inner wall, and the other blockage occurs thanks to the overlap in height that is generated between the components that are located in the same wall.

The dimensional characteristics of the unit, which are illustrated in FIG. 2, they are proposed in order that, when facing the components of the outer wall with the components of the inner wall, the correct accommodation and splicing between them is achieved, so that when obtaining the arrangement each component it is locked in position without turning or moving in any direction.

Referring to FIG. 7, the unit (1) is characterized in that, for one embodiment of the invention, by making the longitudinal cuts (12), by the zone of the tensioner, it is possible to divide this unit, into the independent modules (1 A, 1 B or 1 C).

To obtain the independent modules (1 A, 1 B or 1 C) and in order to achieve the correct assembly of the system, the longitudinal cuts (12), which are made in the area of the unit tensioner (1), must be be located in such a way that the following specifications are met: for independent module 1 A, it must be fulfilled that the length of the tensioner section is greater than the length of the fin; for the independent module 1 B, it must be fulfilled that the length of the tensioner section is greater than the length of the extended fin; and for the independent module 1 C, it must be fulfilled that the length of the extended fin is equal to the length of the fin.

Said independent modules are used to generate the lateral terminations of the walls, as can be seen in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, and in this way no additional elements are required that would increase the manufacturing and logistics costs of the system, as is the case of current systems.

Additionally, referring to FIG. 7, we can observe a cross section (13), arranged to divide the unit (1) into two independent fractional pieces (1 ^' ). These pieces are used for the conformation of the first and the last course, in each of the walls that make up the proposed arrangement, this situation is illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, in this case It also seeks to simplify the system and reduce manufacturing costs. Likewise, each independent module (1 A, 1 B and 1 C) can also be divided into two by this same cross section (13), generating the independent fraction modules (1 Α ^' , 1 B ^' and 1 C), which they are installed in the lateral endings of the first and last course, as can be seen in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6.

It should be clarified that in the context of this document the term "spinning" refers to the arrangement of the construction elements, in rows or in rows, to form each of the walls that are part of the proposed arrangement.

The system is characterized in that with the proposed arrangement, when facing the units, modules and parts, of the outer wall with the units, modules and parts, of the inner wall, a mechanical interlock is generated between the components and an assembly is obtained from which each component is locked in position without its turning or displacement in any direction possible.

In one embodiment of the invention, and in order to obtain an efficient structural behavior of the system, the transverse (13) and longitudinal (12) cuts that are made to the unit (1), to create the independent modules (1 A, 1 B and 1 C), the independent fraction modules (1 Α ^' , 1 B ^' and 1 C), and the independent fraction piece (Γ), must be located in such a way as to ensure the discontinuity of the horizontal joints ( 10) and of the vertical joints (1 1) that are generated when forming the arrangements.

The unit (1) can be manufactured from materials selected from the group of clays, polymers, cementitious material, pressed earth, composite materials, wood or a combination of the above. Referring to FIG. 8, in one embodiment of the invention, it is possible that the unit (1) contains through holes (14), this in order to lighten its weight and to conduct through these holes the ducts that are required for the construction process.

In one embodiment of the invention, it has been found that it is possible to implement the proposed system as a new structural alternative of construction in tongue and groove masonry from which the limitations currently faced by the traditional masonry system would be overcome. With the proposed new system it is not necessary to use glue mortar or other additional element, the system is self-leveling and self-adjusting, construction times decrease, units (1) are obtained from an industrialized system that allows the assembly and correct anchorage of the units. The seismic resistances obtained with the proposed new structural system enable it to be implemented in any seismic threat zone for the construction of one- and two-story buildings.

In order to validate the seismic resistance of the tongue and groove system to accelerations perpendicular to its plane, a program of dynamic tests on a real scale of three prototypes was carried out and evaluated in a seismic table.

The system was tested to validate its seismic resistance to the possible mechanisms (horizontal flexion, vertical flexion or biaxial flexion) that can be generated when a wall with accelerations perpendicular to its plane is excited. It should be noted that depending on the conditions of border (conditions of subjection in the ends) it is possible to enable some of these mechanisms in each prototype.

For the tested prototypes it was necessary to apply a mortar in order to guarantee a uniform distribution of pressures between the contact areas of the units.

Approximately harmonic excitation signals were applied to the system with oscillation frequencies of 1.0 hz to 2.0 hz.

The structures tested are far from moving in resonance with their natural modes of vibration; they move essentially like rigid bodies with an absolute acceleration very similar in all the points of the structure and very similar at the same time to the acceleration of the vibrating table. Table 1 describes, for each prototype tested, the boundary conditions, the mechanism that is enabled, the results of resistant acceleration obtained on the vibrating table, and the representative figures of each of the prototypes tested.

Table 1

A _R (g)

Prototype Boundary conditions Mechanism Dimensions of the prototype Exp

lateral

No edge element in

the upper end, and wall length = 3160 mm

Flexion

2 edge elements in Wall height = 2490 mm 0.97

Horizontal Wall thickness = 120 concrete at the ends mm

lateral

Border elements in

Wall length = 3160 mm concrete at the ends Flexion

3 Wall height = 2490 mm 1 .0 lateral, upper and biaxial Wall thickness = 120

mm

lower.

With the resistant accelerations that were obtained in the prototypes tested, see table 1, it is verified that the new masonry unit of constant cross section presents a better seismic performance compared to the traditional systems of non-reinforced masonry or confined masonry for group buildings of use 1.

Finally, specific measures, illustrated in FIG., Were defined in the preferred embodiment of the invention. 2, as follows:

A1: 30 mm L1: 60 mm A2: 140 mm L2: 170 mm A3: 29 mm L3: 32 mm

Additionally, the vertical dimension of the masonry unit (1) is defined in 200 mm, as is the vertical dimension of the independent modules (1A, 1B or 1C) and the vertical dimension of the two independent fractional pieces (1 ^' ) it is set as 100 mm, as is the vertical dimension of the independent fractional modules (1Α ^' , 1B ^' and 1C).

Claims

one . A masonry unit of constant cross section, consisting of: a tensioner (2); a first wedge (3), formed by a fin (4) and a soul (5), connected to one end of the tensioner (2); a second wedge (6), formed by an extended fin (7) and an extended core (8), connected to the opposite end of the tensioner (2); a channel (9) formed by the inner surfaces of the wedges (3 and 6) and the tensioner (2); and where the fin (4) has a length less than that of the extended fin (7), the soul (5) has a width smaller than that of the extended soul (8) and the width of the fins is less than the length of the souls .

2. The unit of Claim 1, characterized in that when generating an arrangement with at least three masonry units, both the horizontal joints and the vertical joints formed between them, have no continuity.

3. The unit of Claim 1, characterized in that it has a longitudinal section (12) located in the tensioner (2) which allows the unit to be divided into independent modules (1 A, 1 B or 1 C).

4. The unit of Claim 3, characterized in that the independent modules (1 A, 1 B and 1 C) have a cross-section (13) which allows said independent modules (1 A, 1 B and 1 C) to be divided into modules fractional independent (1 Α ^' , 1 B ^' and 1 C).

5. The unit of Claim 3, characterized in that one of the independent modules (1 A) formed by the longitudinal section (12) where the length of the section of the tensioner is greater than the length of the fin.

6. The unit of Claim 3, characterized in that one of the independent modules (1 B) formed by the longitudinal section (12) where the length of the tensioner section is greater than the length of the extended flap.

7. The unit of Claim 3, characterized in that one of the independent modules (1 C) formed by the longitudinal section (12), wherein the length of the extended fin is equal to the length of the fin.

8. The unit of Claim 1, characterized in that it has a cross-section (13) which allows the unit to be divided into two independent fractional parts (1 ^' ).

9. The unit of Claim 1, characterized in that it is lightened by through holes (14).

10. The unit of Claim 1, characterized in that it is made of materials selected from the group of clays, polymers, cementitious material, pressed earth, composite materials, wood or a combination of the foregoing.