WO2016174614A1 - Prefabricated modular constructive system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated modular constructive system comprising a plurality of structural frames and connection means which horizontally and vertically join the structural frames, where the structural frames are hyperstatic and self-supporting with a closed cross-section and hyperstatic and self-supporting with an open cross-section. A building structure is formed with a plurality of structural frames interconnected horizontally and vertically in assemblies arranged such that, on the same level or on vertically arranged levels, there is a sequence of assemblies of structural frames and empty spaces. The plurality of structural frames is horizontally and vertically connected and arranged on other structural frames in a vertical sequence of assemblies of structural frames and empty spaces.

Description

 PREFABRICATED MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

 Field of invention The present invention relates generally to the field of prefabricated modular construction systems for the construction of buildings and construction projects.

Description of the state of the art The state of the art reports different proposals for prefabricated modular construction systems, developed in order to allow the economic and rapid construction of buildings examples of prefabricated modular systems. For example, document US8397441 reports buildings formed by recycled intermodal transport containers, sometimes called sea containers or ISO containers. For use in buildings, transport containers require extensive modifications, such as cutting or removing side walls, in order to allow the formation of windows or doors. In addition the construction is limited to a width of 2.44 m and a length of 6.06m or 12.19m, which in turn limits the size of the rooms to fit within these dimensions.

In general, those of prefabricated modular building systems are attractive because the simplified and repetitive assembly of parts offers the possibility of quickly and dry erecting a construction project while drastically reducing waste, losses, and multiple learning curves common to the conventional construction Despite this there is a perception that the quality and versatility of "prefabricated" buildings is lower than that of conventionally constructed buildings. This is partly due to the materials used, such as cargo containers, which has created a stigma associated with the term of construction of prefabricated modular building systems.

Document US7665250 reports assembled structures from a combination of modules and uses, for the combination of said modules, building blocks of modules, corner arch blocks, and other types of elements that are interwoven with corner blocks, and central blocks, which makes this system and many others reported in the technique complex systems given the number of pieces needed to form a module

The present invention overcomes the disadvantages and limitations associated with several floors, modular construction and conventional construction methods to produce an energy efficient structure that can be built on a highly accelerated schedule, at a low cost and continue to operate with very low maintenance costs. low, allows flexible construction with few elements to form a module and allows quick assembly for multiple purposes with resistant elements.

Brief description of the figures.

FIG. 1, shows an isometric view of a complete structural frame of closed section

FIG. 2 shows an isometric view of an open section structural frame where the cross sectional geometric shape is an open perimeter geometry are "U" shaped curves.

FIG. 3, shows an isometric view of an open section structural frame where the cross section geometric shape is an open perimeter geometry are "C" shaped curves.

FIG. 4, shows an isometric view of a structural frame of closed section formed by the union of structural frames of open section where geometric shape of the cross-sectional section is an open perimeter geometry are "C" shaped curves.

FIG. 5, shows an isometric view of a structural frame of closed section by the union of structural frames of open section where geometric shape of the cross-sectional section is an open perimeter geometry are "U" shaped curves. FIG. 6, shows an isometric view of an open section structural frame where the cross section geometric shape is an open perimeter geometry are "U" shaped curves where it reduces its weight through perforations. FIG. 7, shows an isometric view of an open section structural frame where the cross section geometric shape is an open perimeter geometry are "C" shaped curves where it reduces its weight through perforations.

FIG. 8, shows a side view of a structural framework having a plurality of recesses or structural nerves.

FIG. 9, shows a side view of a structural reinforcement of a structural framework of the floor type.

FIG. 10 shows a side view of a structural reinforcement of a structural framework type installations. FIG. 11, shows an isometric view of a structural framework of facilities type with at least one perforation.

FIG. 12 shows an isometric view of a structural roof-like frame located on the second horizontal slab (4) that has a sloping surface (16) that connects a drain channel (17) and with collection ducts of waters (18). FIG. 13 shows an isometric view of a structural roof-like frame located on the second horizontal slab (4) that has two sloping surfaces (16) that connect a drain channel (17).

FIG. 14 shows different side views of elements of the group from which the connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are selected.

FIG. 15 shows an isometric view of a structural frame where the connection means that horizontally join the structural frames are "Z" plates.

FIG. 16 shows an isometric view of a "Z" plate, FIG. 17, shows an isometric view of a structural frame where the connecting means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are geometric assemblies formed by supports (31) between slabs on one side of the structural frame. FIG. 18 shows an isometric view of a structural frame where the connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are geometric assemblies formed by supports (31) between slabs on both sides of the structural frame.

FIG. 19 shows an isometric view of a structural frame where the means of horizontal connection between the structural frames is a flexible element

FIG. 20, shows an isometric view of a plurality structural frame using continuous structural elements such as metal post-tensioning cables (33) with the structural frames attached.

FIG. 21, shows an isometric view of a plurality structural frame using continuous structural elements such as metal post-tensioning cables (33) without joining the structural frames.

FIG. 22 shows a sectional view of a building structure formed by the prefabricated modular building systems. Brief description of the invention.

The present invention corresponds to a prefabricated modular construction system consisting of: a plurality of structural frames; connection means that connect the structural frames horizontally and vertically; Where the structural frames are hyperstatic and self-supporting of closed section and hyperstatic and self-supporting structural frames of open section, said structural frames do not need additional structures to be supported with each other, one or more structural frames individually or collectively. The structural frames are connected connected to each other, horizontally and vertically, creating modules that make up different types of constructions, structures and buildings of one or several floors.

The structural frames, in their geometric shape of the cross-section in section, generate a closed perimeter geometry that is selected from the group consisting of parallelograms, circles, polygons, trapezoids and combinations thereof. Where this type of structural frame is called a closed section structural frame.

In the invention there are also structural frames, in which the geometric shape of its cross-section in section, generates an open perimeter geometry that is selected from open curves, open polygonal lines and combinations thereof. Where this type of structural framework is called an open section structural framework.

The structural frames of open section join together, forming structural frames of closed section. The structural frames are connected with a vertical slab and a horizontal slab, to help form building structures.

The structural frames are connected horizontally and vertically, in assemblies located in such a way that at the same level or in height, there is a sequence of sets of structural frames and empty spaces form a building structure. The structural frames are connected horizontally and vertically, located on other structural frames, in a sequence in height of sets of structural frames and empty spaces.

Detailed description of the invention.

The present invention consists of a prefabricated modular construction system consisting of:

- a plurality of structural frameworks; - connection means that connect the structural frames horizontally and vertically;

Where the structural frames are hyperstatic and self-supporting of closed section and hyperstatic and self-supporting structural frames of open section, where such structural frames do not need additional structures to be supported with each other, either together or individually.

Structural frames can be connected to each other, both horizontally and vertically, creating modules that make up different types of constructions, structures and buildings of one or several floors. In a non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the structural frames are connected by means of connection to

- a vertical slab; I

- a horizontal slab;

Where said connection means are selected from the group comprising: internal rigid joints (such as reinforcing steels joined by welding, glue mortars and metal plates), mechanical joints through metal rods, mechanical joints through bolts or screws and combinations of the above.

Each of the elements listed above is described in detail below: The structural frames have dimensions that are adapted according to the requirements of the architectural project, the requirements of the vehicles for transportation of said structural frames and the requirements of the machinery that are used for transport and installation on site (eg cranes).

The prefabricated modular construction system adopts different geometries for the structural frames, which allows the design of modular elements and their connections, according to the formal characteristics required in each construction project. The structural frames in their cross-section in section have a closed perimeter geometric shape, which is selected from the group consisting of parallelograms, circles, polygons, trapezoids and combinations thereof. Where this type of structural frame is called a closed section structural frame. Additionally, the invention has structural frames in which the geometric shape of its cross-sectional section is an open perimeter geometry, which is selected from open curves, open polygonal lines and combinations thereof. Where this type of structural framework is called an open section structural framework. The configuration of the present invention will be described using Figures 1 to 22, but it should be understood that it may have variations that are not presented here, as the present description is limited to describing the preferred embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 3, we observe closed frame structural framework comprised of:

- a first vertical slab (1); -a second vertical slab (2);

- a first horizontal slab (3) attached to the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) at its bottom;

- a second horizontal slab (4) unit to the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) at the top.

Where the union of the first horizontal slab (3) with the first vertical slab (1) and with the second vertical slab (2) at its bottom and the union of the second horizontal slab (4) with the first vertical slab ( 1) with the second vertical slab (2) at the top, it is carried out through different joining mechanisms such as: welding between metal plates, bolt assemblies, rods and tongue and groove by geometric joints between the parts. In one embodiment of the Invention, the first horizontal slab (3) joins the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) at its bottom and the second horizontal slab (4) joins the first vertical slab (1) and with the second vertical slab (2) at the top, by means of concrete emptying, which make the structural framework a monolithic element. In said concrete emptying, the arrangement of structural reinforcements is made to allow overlaps between said reinforcements.

The structural frames define a closed interior space with preferred dimensions, said interior space is established with the first vertical slab (1), with the second vertical slab (2) with the lower horizontal slab (3) and with the upper horizontal slab (4 ). They can also be used to establish the interior space, a single vertical slab and a single horizontal slab. The other vertical and horizontal elements may be constructed in other materials such as concrete emptying, precast concrete, masonry in concrete or brick, stone, metal, lightweight modular drywall or similar elements, wood or metal.

The dimensions of the structural frames correspond to the proportions proposed for the construction project and change according to the structural calculation, the length of the horizontal slabs, the height of the buildings and the bearing capacity of the land In an embodiment of the invention a Structural framework has a dimension of:

- 5.80 meters between the outer surfaces of the first vertical slab (1) and 5.50 meters between the inner surfaces of said slab.

-5.80 meters between the outer surfaces of the second vertical slab (2) and 5.50 meters between the inner surfaces of said slab. - 2.80 meters between the outer surfaces of the first horizontal slab (3).

- 2.80 meters between the outer surfaces of the second horizontal slab (4).

- 2.40 meters between the interior surfaces of the first horizontal slab (3).

- 2.40 meters between the interior surfaces of the second horizontal slab (4). 2.00 meters between the outer edges of the vertical slabs in the transverse direction, or between the outer edges of the horizontal slabs in the transverse direction.

Where the first vertical slab (1), the second vertical slab (2), the first horizontal slab (3) and the second horizontal slab (4). They are 15 centimeters thick for buildings up to 5 stories high.

In one embodiment of the invention, the thicknesses of the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) are:

- For buildings up to 5 stories, the thickness is up to 15 centimeters.

- For buildings up to 10 stories, the thickness is up to 18 centimeters. - For buildings up to 15 stories, the thickness is up to 20 centimeters.

- For buildings with up to 20 floors, the thickness is up to 22 centimeters.

- For buildings up to 25 stories, the thickness is up to 25 centimeters.

- For buildings up to 30 stories, the thickness is up to 30 centimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention, with the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) separated up to a distance of 6.00 the thickness of the first horizontal slab (3) and the second horizontal slab (4) is up to 20 centimeters and the thickness of the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2), to support this type of structural frames, is 15 centimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention, with the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) separated up to a distance of 10 meters, the first horizontal slab (3) and the second horizontal slab (3) have a thickness up to 50 centimeters and the thickness of the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2), to support this type of structural frames, is 20 centimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention, with the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) separated up to a distance of 15 meters of light, the first horizontal slab (3) and the second horizontal slab (3) have a thickness up to 75 centimeters and the thickness of the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2), to support this type of structural frames, is up to 25 centimeters. In one embodiment of the invention, with the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) separated up to a distance of 20 meters of light, the first horizontal slab (3) and the second horizontal slab (3) have a thickness up to 100 centimeters and the thickness of the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2), to support this type of structural frames, is up to 30 centimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention, referring to FIG. 2, we observe the use of open section structural frames, where the geometric shape of the cross-sectional section of the open section structural frame is an open perimeter geometry formed of "U" shaped polygonal lines comprising: a first vertical slab (5).

 a second vertical slab (6).

 a horizontal slab (7) attached to the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2).

In one embodiment of the invention, referring to FIG. 3, the open section structural frames, in their cross-sectional section, have an open perimeter geometry formed of "C" shaped polygonal lines comprising: - A first horizontal slab (8)

 A second horizontal slab (9).

 A vertical slab (10) attached to the first horizontal slab (8) and the second horizontal slab (9).

 In the invention the open section structural frames are joined together, forming closed section structural frames.

In one embodiment of the invention, referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the open section structural frames are joined together formed structural frames of closed section that is to say that in the geometric shape of their cross-sectional section they have closed perimeter geometry said union is made for example through assemblies between their elements, simple supports, internal welding or external, mechanical fixings (such as bolts, rods or screws), or through structural cable postings.

In one embodiment of the invention, the connection between the vertical and horizontal slab or between two open sections of structural frames has a preferred angle of 90 °. The ranges of this union are between 0 ^or 180 °.

In one embodiment of the invention, the structural frames reduce their weight by combining different textures and geometries, including horizontal or vertical perforations on the surfaces of the structural frames and by the material in which they are manufactured. In one embodiment of the invention, referring to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, inside the structural frames there are alveoli (11), that is to say horizontal or vertical perforations that can be through or not, to lighten the weight of the elements without reducing their bearing capacity.

Additionally, the alveoli (11) have curved or straight geometric shapes and have different sizes, depending on the thicknesses of the first vertical slab (1), the second vertical slab (2), the first horizontal slab (3) and the second slab horizontal (4).

In one embodiment of the invention, the dimension of the cells is 15 centimeters in diameter for the first horizontal slab (3) and the second horizontal slab (3) 20 centimeters thick and 10 centimeters in diameter for the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) 15 centimeters thick.

The alveoli have a dimension proportional to the thickness of the vertical and horizontal slabs. At a minimum, they should distance themselves from the edge of their surfaces, preferably 2 centimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention, structural frames have air cavities in the concrete that form them in this way their weight is reduced.

In one embodiment of the invention the structural frames have expanded polystyrene inside, reducing their weight. In one embodiment of the invention the structural frames are manufactured with cellular concrete, which contains injected air, reducing the density of the structural frames without decreasing their bearing capacity.

In a non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the surfaces of the structural frames have different geometric configurations that can reduce the volume of material that forms them, such as lightening or recesses, which generate textures and reduce the volume of the originally required material without decreasing the bearing capacity of the structural element. In one embodiment of the invention, referring to FIG. 8, the structural frames have a plurality of recesses or structural ribs (12) formed by straight or curved shapes and generate a structural grid.

In a non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, in the first horizontal slab (3) and the second horizontal slab (4) and the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) of the structural frames, recesses or ribs Structural (12) decrease the amount of material with which the structural frames are produced, reduce their weight, increase their rigidity and generate different geometries on the surfaces of said frames.

In one embodiment of the invention, the spaces between the structural nerves have a curved surface, with radii of curvature of, for example, between 3 and 15 centimeters.

The structural frames have structural reinforcements located in the slabs that compose them.

The structural reinforcements can be: - Rigid and continuous, such as steel elements that can reinforce a matrix or directly form the structure of the structural frames. Flexible and continuous, such as textile reinforcements or metal cables that are used for structural post-tensioning. Discontinuous as glass fibers, steel fibers or nanomaterials integrated into the matrix of the material with which the structural structural frames are constructed.

Structural reinforcements are selected from the group consisting of metal rods, meshes and combinations thereof.

The meshes, in some modalities are constructed with polymers, cables, textile reinforcements, natural fibers, glass fibers or synthetic fibers.

In an embodiment not illustrated, the structural reinforcements are joined together by means of elements selected from the group of welds, translaps, tie between metal wires and combinations thereof.

The overlaps between the structural reinforcements have for example a measure in the range of between 5 and 50 centimeters. Their union is made through the tie between metallic wires that fix the reinforcements to each other.

In one embodiment of the invention, reinforcements are pretensioning systems that, through stresses exerted on cables that serve as reinforcement, increase structural strength and reduce the thicknesses of vertical and horizontal slabs.

These structural reinforcements and their location in the slabs that make up the structural frames, are determined from aspects such as the dimensions of the structural frames, the loads to which the structural frames are subjected and the bearing capacity of the ground among others.

In a non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the structural reinforcements copy the geometry of the plurality of recesses or structural ribs (12) and adapt to the thicknesses of the lightened slabs.

In one embodiment of the invention and taking into account structural reinforcements, the structural frames are of three types: structural frames of the floor type,

 structural frameworks of facilities

structural roof frames. structural frames of the floor type:

The structural frame of the floor type is installed on the surface of the land making second horizontal slab (4) in contact with the ground, it is preferred that the ground is level and improved in its bearing capacity, according to the resistance of the ground found and with the specifications established from the soil studies and structural designs of the construction project.

The structural frame type floor has structural reinforcements in its first horizontal slab (3) so that they resist the reaction loads of the ground.

In one embodiment of the invention, the structural reinforcements of the first horizontal slab (3) of the floor type frame have the reinforcement elements of greater diameter in the upper part of the first horizontal slab (3) and the reinforcement elements of smaller diameter in the bottom of the horizontal slab (3).

In one embodiment of the invention, referring to FIG. 9, the structural reinforcement of the floor type frame in its first horizontal slab (3) is given by: A steel mesh with dimensions of 1/2 "(14) in diameter located at the top of the first horizontal slab (3) and a steel mesh with dimensions of 3/8 "(13) in diameter located at the bottom of the first horizontal slab (3) ..

The first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) have a steel mesh reinforcement with a diameter of 1/2 "(14). On the second horizontal slab (4) which is structural steel mesh with preferred dimensions of 1/2 "(44) in diameter at the bottom. And in the upper part of the second horizontal slab (4) the preferred reinforcement of this slab is a steel mesh with preferred dimensions of 3/8 "(43) in diameter.

In a non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the meshes are separated from the surface of the structural frame with a distance of for example 2 centimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention, the separation between the rods that make up the structural reinforcement meshes has a preferred dimension of 10 centimeters between them. The ranges of this separation range from 5 x 5 centimeters to 50 x 50 centimeters. Structural type framework Facilities:

The structural framework of the Installations type is installed on the structural frames of the floor type.

In an embodiment of the invention and referring to FIG. 10 The structural reinforcement of the structural frameworks type installations is shaped as follows:

- The first horizontal slab (3) has a steel mesh reinforcement with dimensions of 1/2 "(14) in diameter at its bottom. On the top of the first horizontal slab (3) the preferred reinforcement is a mesh Steel with dimensions of 3/8 "(13) in diameter.

In a non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the meshes are separated from the surface of the structural frame with a distance of for example 2 centimeters.

- The second horizontal slab (4) has a preferred steel mesh reinforcement with dimensions of 1/2 "(14) in diameter at its bottom. At the top of the second horizontal slab (4) the reinforcement is a mesh of structural steel with preferred dimensions of 3/8 "(13) in diameter.

In a non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the meshes are separated from the surface of the structural frame with a distance of for example 2 centimeters

- The first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) have a steel mesh reinforcement on their outer and inner faces with a diameter of 1/2 "(14).

In a non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the meshes are separated from the surface of the structural frame with a distance of for example 2 centimeters

The separation between the rods that make up the structural reinforcement mesh has a preferred of 10 centimeters between them. The ranges of this separation range from 5 x 5 centimeters to 50 x 50 centimeters.

In an embodiment of the invention and referring to FIG. 11 the structural frameworks of type installations have at least one perforation (15) for the passage of pipelines for the installation of elements such as pipes, conduits, electrical networks and hydrosanitary, voice and data networks, and other technical systems necessary in construction. This perforation is located according to the location of the bathroom, kitchen and clothing spaces of each housing unit. Its location in the upper and lower horizontal slabs can coincide or can be located at two different points between different structural frames, which makes the pipes attached to the lower or upper part of the structural frames.

The hydrosanitary system functions as the set of pipelines for the transport of the supply waters to the habitable spaces (for consumption) and the drains (used waters). The openings or perforations for the passage of these pipelines or installations are, for example, in one of the structural frames that make up the prefabricated modular construction system,.

These perforations have for example circular or parallel-shaped shapes, with dimensions of 12 centimeters and a range with diameters or widths of 1 centimeter up to 50 centimeters for the location of all the necessary technical conduits. roof type structural frame:

In one embodiment of the invention, the structural roof-like frame, located on the second horizontal slab (4), has at least one sloping surface that connects to a drainage channel and even water collection ducts.

Referring to FIG. 12, the structural roof-like frame located on the second horizontal slab (4), has a sloping surface (16) that connects with a drainage channel (17) and with water collection ducts (18).

In one embodiment and referring to FIG. 13 the roof-type structural frame located on the second horizontal slab (4), has two sloping surfaces (16) that connect a drain channel (17). The preferred diameter for the structural reinforcements of the lower part of the lower and upper horizontal slabs of the roof-type structural frames is 1/2 ". The preferred diameter for the structural reinforcements of the upper part of the lower and upper horizontal slabs Roof type is 3/8 ". The range of the diameters of the reinforcements for the horizontal structural slabs of the structural frames of installations type is between 1/8 "and 3". The preferred diameter of the structural reinforcements of the vertical slabs for the roof-type structural frames is 1/2 ". The reinforcements of the vertical structural slabs of the roof-type structural frames have a range between 1/8" and 3 ".

The separation between the rods that make up the structural reinforcement mesh for the vertical slabs, upper horizontal and lower horizontal, has a preferred dimension of 10 x 10 centimeters and a separation range from l x l centimeter to 50 x 50 centimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention, the sloping surfaces of the roof-type structural frames have waterproofing mortars installed on the outer surface of the second horizontal slab (4). These mortars must have a slope of 5%, for example, towards the drainage channels, but they can have ranges between 1% and 45%.

The sloping surface is waterproofed.

In one embodiment of the invention, the sloping surfaces have textile waterproofing, which are fixed to the outer surface of this structural slab with waterproofing mortars, with heat or with resins.

- The elements for roof waterproofing can be integrally contained in the materials with which the structural structural frames are constructed. They can also be additional elements that are installed in the joints or on the surface of the structural structural frames. These waterproofing can be fluid (waterproofing mortars or silicones), flexible (wetsuits, rubber or rubbers), or rigid (metal seals or in other solid materials such as polymers) and guarantee tightness and control of the passage of water into the living space and structure of modular structural frames. Connection means that connect the structural frames horizontally and vertically:

The connecting means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames stiffen the joints between the structural frames and in the preferred embodiments of the invention achieve the impermeability between their joints and allow the construction of construction projects by joining the structural frames as a modular prefabricated system. Referring to FIG. 14 the connecting means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are selected from the group comprising internal rigid joints, such as reinforcing steels (19) welded together (20), overlapping (21), geometric assemblies, chamfer assemblies (22 ), tongue and groove (23), with simple supports or glue mortars, metal plates (24), mechanical joints through metal rods (25), mechanical joints through bolts or screws (26) and combinations thereof.

In a non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are selected from the group comprising plates, bolts, rods or the like, and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least two structural frames are installed. The plates and bolts make a mechanical connection between the structural frames, being a connecting element between them. The rods are installed inside the vertical and horizontal slabs of the structural frames to make an assembly between at least two of them, which is reinforced by welding or by emptying structural putties, high strength mortars or similar.

In a non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the connecting means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are selected from the group comprising putties, mortars, concrete or the like and combinations thereof and are used for example without the need to install rigid connectors such as plates. or similar.

In an embodiment of the invention and referring to FIG. 14 the connecting means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames form angles of union at 90 ° with internal rigid joints, such as reinforcing steels (11) welded together (12) or overlapping (13) with a preferred length of 20 centimeters . For the construction of these translaps between the inner rigid joints there is a range between 5 and 50 centimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention and with reference to FIG. 14 Connecting means that connect the structural frames horizontally and vertically makes the connections by chamfering assemblies (14) or tongue and groove (15) with simple supports or with mortars.

In one embodiment of the invention and with reference to FIG. 14 The connection means that connect the structural frames horizontally and vertically makes the connections by means of simple supports between the vertical slabs, that is to say the first vertical slab (1) or the second vertical slab (2) and the horizontal slabs that is the first slab horizontal (3) or the second horizontal slab (4) and reinforced with glue mortars between vertical and horizontal slabs.

In one embodiment of the invention and with reference to FIG. 14 The connection means that connect the structural frames horizontally and vertically are external joints with metal plates (16) with preferred dimensions of 10 x 10 centimeters and 2 mm gauges (with ranges between 2 x 2 centimeters up to 30 x 30 centimeters in area and calibers between 2 and 10 millimeters).

In one embodiment of the invention and with reference to FIG. 14 The connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are mechanical joints through metal rods (17) with a preferred diameter of 1/2 ", with ranges between 1/4" and 2 ".

In one embodiment of the invention and with reference to FIG. 14 The connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are mechanical joints through bolts or screws (18) with preferred diameters of 1/2 ", with ranges between 1/4" and 2 ", and preferred lengths of 10 centimeters, with ranges between 5 and 20 centimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention and with reference to FIG. 14 The connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are external joints with metal plates (16) welded together, with preferred dimensions of 10 x 10 centimeters and 2 mm calipers, with ranges between 2 x 2 centimeters up to 30 x 30 centimeters of area and sizes between 2 and 10 millimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention and with reference to FIG. 14 The connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are interior joints with metal reinforcement rods (17) overlapping at the corners in hook or cane shape, welded or joined by structural ties with metal wires. The preferred length of the overlap is 20 centimeters, with a range between 5 and 50 centimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention the installation of rigid structural elements such as metal rods (17). they are inserted with a depth of 90 centimeters in each structural frame. The depth of these metal rods has a range between 30 and 150 centimeters per structural frame. The diameter is in a range between 3/8 "and 3" preferably is 1 ".

The structural frame that joins vertically to the lower structural frame, should leave perforations in its vertical slabs with a preferred diameter of 1 ", with ranges between 3/8" and 3 "to make the union with epoxy putties or high-strength mortars that they are installed in the perforations of the vertical slabs to increase the rigidity ..

In one embodiment of the invention and referring to FIG. 14, the connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are geometric assemblies, located in the edges of the elements, which connect the pieces together, stiffening them by friction.

In one embodiment of the invention and referring to FIG. 14, the connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are geometric assemblies by means of a chamfer (14) at the edge of the structural frames with an angle ranging from 15 ° to 75 ° preferably 45 °.

In an embodiment of the invention and referring to FIG. 15 The connection means that horizontally join the structural frames are "Z" plates (27), which are fixed to the upper structural frames through bolts, screws or welds. Referring to FIG. 16 The joint sheet has three surfaces: an upper vertical (28), a horizontal (29) and a lower vertical (30) between the upper vertical fin and horizontal louver angle preferential binding is 90 ° and has a range between 0 ^and 180. ° measured from the surfaces of the structural structural frames that are joined between the horizontal fin and the lower vertical fin, the angle of attachment Preferential is 90 ° and they have a range between 0 ^or -180 °, also measured from the surfaces of the structural structural frames that these fins join.

The fins that make up the joint sheet have a preferred caliber of 2 millimeters, with a range between 0.5 and 10 millimeters. They can be located in each of the structural structural frames, to increase the rigidity of the system. The preferred location of these elements is at the outer edge of each structural framework. The joining sheets can also be at the junction of two structural structural frames, or anywhere on the surface of the horizontal slabs of the structural frames. The joining sheets can be fixed to the structural frames through bolts, plates, or left embedded in the emptying process.

The angles of the joints between the structural structural frames are posed according to the geometry defined from the architectural designs.

The dimensions of one of these plates referring to FIG. 16 is for example In its upper vertical fin (28), the preferred length of the "Z" plate is 15 centimeters high. This dimension has ranges between 2 and 30 centimeters in height. On its horizontal fin (29) On its lower vertical fin (30), the preferred length of the "Z" plate is 15 centimeters. This dimension has a range between 2 and 30 centimeters in length. The preferred caliber is 2 millimeters and can be varied in a range of 2 to 10 millimeters, according to the structural calculations made for each case.

The dimensions are directly proportional to the thickness of the vertical slabs at the different heights of the system, and for example 2 millimeters are left on each side to ensure the assembly between the plates and the slabs of the structural frames.

In one embodiment of the invention and referring to the ones Referring to FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 the connecting means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are geometric assemblies formed by supports (31) between slabs of the structural frame.

In one embodiment of the invention, the connecting means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are a flexible element such as neoprene, rubbers or the like located on the edges of the vertical slabs and horizontal of the structural frames, and finish adhering by the pressure that is made to join the structural frames together.

In an embodiment of the invention and referring to FIG. 19, the means of horizontal connection between the structural frames is a flexible element such as neoprene, rubbers or the like (32). These elements are installed on the edges of the vertical and horizontal slabs of the structural frames, and finish adhering by the pressure that is made to join the structural frames together.

In an embodiment of the invention and referring to FIG. 19, waterproof elastic gaskets that cover a portion of the edge section of a structural frame.

In one embodiment of the invention, the flexible element (32) is installed between the structural frames with a thickness of between 5 millimeters and 10 millimeters. These seals are located in the edges of the horizontal and vertical structural slabs and adhere to them by the pressure that is made to join the structural frames. In an embodiment of the invention and referring to FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 continuous structural elements are used, such as metal post-tensioning cables (33) that are installed inside the structural frames in the longitudinal or transverse direction through ducts with a diameter for example of 1/2 ", and that through of the stresses made, they join the structural frames together, for the construction of the buildings and referring to FIG. 22 In the building the support structure is constructed with the arrangement of the structural frame assemblies (34). Structural structures are made in such a way that there is an empty space (35) that is, habitable spaces and empty spaces that form, for example, courtyards between two sets of structural frames and thus form a habitable space.

The arrangement of the structural frames is done in such a way that at the same level or height there is a sequence of sets of structural frames and empty spaces. Structural frame assemblies that are installed over other structural frameworks also continue the height sequence of frame assemblies Structural and empty. In this way, the structural elements necessary for the construction of a building leave free spaces that can be used as living spaces.

 A cover (36) is added between some sets of structural frames thus forming a new living space.

Likewise, an open section structural frame can be added where the geometric shape of its cross-sectional section of the open section structural frame is an open perimeter geometry formed of "U" shaped open polygonal lines (37) supported by another frame structural, forms a new living space. On the upper level, the gaps (6) between the structural frames are covered with a cover (36)

The facades, which are the frontal spaces of the structural frames and that are delimited by the vertical and horizontal slabs.

The facades, interior divisions and roofs are constructed with non-structural elements with various architectural forms and structural or non-structural elements with materials according to the weather, the disposition of economic and material resources, or the cultural tradition such as: metal sheets , mampuestos in brick or in concrete, concrete emptied or prefabricated earth, metal, glass, wood, light modular divisions dry-wall type or similar, natural or synthetic agglomerates, polymers, among others. In an embodiment of the invention in the vacuum left by the installation of the structural frames located on the last floor of the building, at least one roof will be installed that will carry the rainwater through channels to lead them outside. Said cover can be curved, straight or inclined straight or combinations of the previous ones and has a slope for example of 2% and leads to rainwater collection channels and can be metallic, emptied into concrete, built with brick, wood, roof tile mud, concrete blocks or textile materials.

Claims

1. a prefabricated modular building system comprising: - a plurality of structural frameworks; - connection means that connect the structural frames horizontally and vertically; where the structural frames are hyperstatic and self-supporting of closed section and hyperstatic and self-supporting structural frames of open section. 2. The construction system of claim 1 characterized in that the structural frame in the geometric shape of the cross-sectional section is a closed perimeter geometry that is selected from the group consisting of parallelograms, circles, polygons, trapezoids and combinations thereof. 3. The constructive system of claim 1 characterized in that the structural frame in the geometric shape of the cross-sectional section is an open perimeter geometry that is selected from open curves, open polygonal lines and combinations thereof. 4. The constructive system of claim 1 wherein the structural framework comprises - a first vertical slab (1); -a second vertical slab (2); - a first horizontal slab (3) attached to the first vertical slab (1) and 1 second vertical slab (2) in its lower part; - a second horizontal slab (4) unit to the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) at the top. 5. The construction system of claim 1 wherein the structural frame is emptied of reinforced concrete. 6. The construction system of claim 1 wherein the open frame structural framework comprises: A first vertical slab (5);  A second vertical slab (6);  A horizontal slab (7) attached to the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2);  where the geometric shape of the cross-section in cross-section of the structural frame of open section is an open perimeter geometry formed of open polygonal lines in a "U" shape. 7. The construction system of claim 1 wherein the open frame structural frame comprises: - A first horizontal slab (8);  A second horizontal slab (9);  A vertical slab (10) attached to the first horizontal slab (8) and the second horizontal slab (9);  where the geometric shape of its cross-section in section of the open frame structural frame is an open perimeter geometry formed of open polygonal lines in the form of "C".  8. The construction system of claim 4 wherein the structural framework has structural reinforcements that resist the reaction loads of the terrain. 9. The constructive system of claim 1 wherein two open frame structural frames are joined together formed structural frames of closed section. 10. The construction system of claim 1 wherein the structural frames have horizontal or vertical perforations. 11. The construction system of claim 1 wherein the structural frames have air cavities inside the structural frames. 12 The constructive system of claim 1 wherein the structural frames have expanded polystyrene inside said structural frames 13. The construction system of claim 1 wherein the structural frames are manufactured with cellular concrete. 14. The constructive system of claim 1 wherein the structural frames have a plurality of recesses that constitute structural ribs. 15. The construction system of claim 1 characterized in that the structural frames are connected by means of connection to: - a vertical slab; - a horizontal slab; 16. The construction system of claim 1 wherein the structural frames have structural reinforcements that are selected from the group consisting of metal rods, meshes and combinations thereof. 17. The construction system of claim 16 wherein the structural reinforcements are joined together by elements selected from the group welds, translaps, tie between metal wires and combinations thereof. 18. The constructive system of claim 16 wherein the structural reinforcements are pretensioning systems. 19. The construction system of claim 1 wherein the structural frames have reinforcements that resist the reaction loads of the terrain. 20. The construction system of claim 4 wherein a structural frame has structural reinforcement of the first horizontal slab (3) with the reinforcement elements of greater diameter at the top of the first horizontal slab (3) and the reinforcement elements of smaller diameter at the bottom of the horizontal slab (3). 21. The construction system of claim 4 wherein a structural frame has structural reinforcements at the top of the first horizontal slab (3) which is a steel mesh with dimensions of 1/2 "(14) in diameter and structural reinforcements in The bottom of the first horizontal slab (3) the reinforcement is a steel mesh with dimensions of 3/8 "(13) in diameter. 22. The construction system of claim 4 wherein a structural frame has structural reinforcements in the first vertical slab (1) and the second vertical slab (2) which is a 1/2 "structural steel mesh (14). 23 The construction system of claim 4 wherein a structural frame has structural reinforcements in the second horizontal slab (4) which is made of structural steel mesh with preferred dimensions of 1/2 "(44) in diameter at its bottom. And in the upper part of the second horizontal slab (4) the preferred reinforcement of this slab is a structural steel mesh with preferred dimensions of 3/8 "(43) in diameter. 24. The construction system of claim 4 wherein a structural frames have structural reinforcements in the first horizontal slab (3) which is a steel mesh reinforcement with dimensions of 1/2 "(14) in diameter at its bottom. The upper part of the first horizontal slab (3) the preferred reinforcement is a steel mesh with dimensions of 3/8 "(13) in diameter. 25. The construction system of claim 4 wherein a structural frameworks have structural reinforcements in the 26. The construction system of claim 4 located on the second horizontal slab (4) has at least one sloping surface that connects a drainage channel and with a water collection ducts. 27. The construction system of claim 26 wherein the sloping surface is waterproofed 28. The construction system of claim 1 wherein the connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are selected from the group comprising internal rigid joints, such as reinforcing steels (19) welded together (20), overlapping (21) , geometric assemblies, chamfer assemblies (22), tongue and groove (23), with simple supports or with glue mortars, metal plates (24), mechanical joints through metal rods (25), mechanical joints through bolts or screws (26) and combinations of them. 29. The constructive system of claim 1 wherein the connection means connecting horizontally and vertically the structural frames are selected from the group comprising plates, bolts, rods or the like, and combinations thereof. 30. The constructive system of claim 1 wherein the connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames are selected from the group comprising putties, mortars, concrete or the like and combinations thereof. The constructive system of claim 1 wherein the connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames is a flexible element. 32. The constructive system of claim 4 wherein the connection means that horizontally and vertically join the structural frames is a flexible element located on the edges of the slabs of the structural frames, and end up adhering by the pressure that is made to join each other structural frameworks. 33. The construction system of claim 31 wherein flexible element is selected from the group comprising neoprene, rubbers, plastics, elastic gaskets and combinations of the foregoing. 33. The constructive system of claim 1 wherein the connection means connecting horizontally and vertically are metal post-tensioning cables (33). 34. A building structure comprising a plurality of structural frames interconnected horizontally and vertically in assemblies located such that at the same level or in height there is a sequence of sets of structural frames and empty spaces. 35. A claimed building structure in claim 34 wherein a plurality of structural frames are connected horizontally and vertically are located on other structural frames in a height sequence of sets of structural frames and empty spaces.