WO2018107989A1 - 一种溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组 - Google Patents

一种溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018107989A1
WO2018107989A1 PCT/CN2017/114416 CN2017114416W WO2018107989A1 WO 2018107989 A1 WO2018107989 A1 WO 2018107989A1 CN 2017114416 W CN2017114416 W CN 2017114416W WO 2018107989 A1 WO2018107989 A1 WO 2018107989A1
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Prior art keywords
tube
titanium
heat exchange
exchange tube
lithium bromide
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PCT/CN2017/114416
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张跃
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远大空调有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201611141266.3A external-priority patent/CN106440480A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201611141955.4A external-priority patent/CN106766343A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710114255.4A external-priority patent/CN108507221A/zh
Application filed by 远大空调有限公司 filed Critical 远大空调有限公司
Priority to JP2019530004A priority Critical patent/JP6785969B2/ja
Publication of WO2018107989A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018107989A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heat exchange technology, in particular to a lithium bromide cold warm water/heat pump unit.
  • the lithium bromide cold water unit includes an evaporator, a condenser, an absorber, an additional water heater and a low temperature generator.
  • the heat exchange tubes in these devices are traditionally made of copper heat exchange tubes. Although the thermal conductivity is high, they have the following disadvantages: 1) the atmosphere side ( The water side) and the vacuum side (solution side) have low hardness and are not resistant to erosion corrosion and wear; 2) the copper on the atmospheric side (water side) is prone to oxide layer and is prone to scaling, and the heat transfer capability is reduced for a long time; ) The copper on the atmospheric side (water side) is not resistant to corrosion by ammonia, sulfides and acidic substances; 4) The copper on the atmospheric side (water side) will cause scale corrosion (an oxygen concentration corrosion) in the case of scale formation.
  • the copper potential on the atmospheric side is significantly higher than that of the steel material, and it is easy to form a copper-iron primary battery to promote corrosion of the steel shell; 6) Copper contact on the vacuum side (solution side) Lithium bromide solution and its corrosion inhibitor will produce copper ions, and the copper ion and the steel material shell will produce a displacement reaction, and local copper plating will occur, forming a copper-iron primary battery and promoting corrosion of the steel shell.
  • the outer casing of a lithium bromide absorption type cold warm water unit or a heat pump unit is usually made of low carbon steel as a casing, and a copper tube or a stainless steel tube is used as a heat exchange tube.
  • the lithium bromide cold-warm water unit with separate high-temperature generator heating has the characteristics of separating the main body from the high-temperature generator during heating. Since the high-temperature generator has no mechanical moving parts, the wear can be reduced when the main body is not in operation. After more than 20 years of actual operation verification by a large number of users: the failure rate is reduced by 70%, and the heat loss is reduced by 60%, which avoids scaling during heating of the evaporator and affects refrigeration. Life expectancy can be doubled.
  • the copper heat exchange tube has the following disadvantages because of its high thermal conductivity: 1) low hardness and erosive corrosion of copper 2) Copper is prone to oxide layer and is prone to fouling. Long-term use leads to a decrease in heat transfer capacity; 3) Copper is not resistant to corrosion by ammonia, sulfides and acids.
  • the stainless steel heat exchange tube was used instead of the copper heat exchange tube.
  • the hardness and corrosion resistance were improved, it had the following disadvantages: 1) The stainless steel was not resistant to corrosion of chloride ions in the water, which caused pitting corrosion and stress corrosion. 2) The coefficient of thermal expansion of stainless steel is higher than 50% of the carbon steel shell of the high temperature generator, which causes the carbon steel shell and the heat exchange tube to expand differently during operation, resulting in large stress, which leads to damage; Stainless steel can cause under-scale corrosion (an oxygen concentration corrosion) in the case of scale formation.
  • the prior art uses a titanium heat exchange tube instead of a stainless steel heat exchange tube, and has achieved good results.
  • titanium is a material having a high modulus of elasticity, its yield strength and fracture strength are very close. Insufficient strength of the expansion tube, The material will rebound, and if the expansion force is too large, it may crack, making it difficult to grasp the expansion strength of the titanium heat exchange tube. Therefore, it is very difficult to ensure long-term leakage through the expansion tube. Titanium cannot be welded to steel tube sheets. In addition, the corrosion resistance of low carbon steel tube sheets is far less than that of titanium, and tube sheet corrosion will affect the overall life.
  • the heat exchanger casing material although the part contacting the external medium is titanium, the outer casing of the unit is still low carbon steel, which is easy to rust and needs to be treated with anti-corrosion treatment.
  • the low carbon steel component is exposed to the lithium bromide solution, which may chemically generate hydrogen gas, affect the vacuum degree of the unit, reduce the refrigeration efficiency, and cause corrosion, dirt, and reduce the service life and heat exchange efficiency of the unit after the unit leaks into the air.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a lithium bromide cold warm water/heat pump unit which is strong in corrosion resistance, light in weight, good in sealing property, material-saving, and has a small expansion factor.
  • the invention relates to a lithium bromide cold and warm water unit, which comprises an evaporator, a condenser, an absorber, an additional water heater and a low temperature generator.
  • the device has a tube plate and a heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange tube is inserted into the hole of the tube plate.
  • the heat exchange tube is a titanium heat exchange tube, and the outer side of the tube end of the tube sheet and/or the tube end of the titanium heat exchange tube is coated with silicone oil.
  • the invention applies the silicone oil between the titanium heat exchange tube and the hole of the tube sheet, and even if the expansion tube strength is insufficient, the titanium heat exchange tube rebounds, and no gap is formed between the titanium heat exchange tube and the hole of the tube sheet.
  • silicone oil can withstand high temperatures and will not lose volatilization under long-term work, ensuring sealing and improving service life.
  • lithium bromide cold water unit is also applicable to each heat exchanger in the lithium bromide heat pump unit.
  • the silicone oil is dimethyl silicone oil, ethyl silicone oil or other groups, and various modified silicone oils having a high boiling point (boiling point at atmospheric pressure ⁇ 250 ° C) and thermal stability and chemical inertness.
  • the heat exchange tube is inserted into the expanded portion of the expander.
  • the coating thickness of the silicone oil is not more than 0.1 mm.
  • a method for expanding a tube according to the foregoing lithium bromide cold water chiller comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Before the tube of the titanium heat exchange tube is expanded, the silicone oil is applied in the hole of the tube sheet and/or the tube end of the titanium heat exchange tube as a sealant;
  • Step 2 insert the titanium heat exchange tube into the hole of the tube plate, and expand the tube of the titanium heat exchange tube, so that the titanium heat exchange tube at the hole is expanded and fastened with the tube sheet, and adhered to the titanium heat exchange through the silicone oil.
  • An auxiliary seal is achieved between the tube and the bore of the tube sheet.
  • a lithium bromide cold water chiller of the present invention comprises a high temperature generator, the high temperature generator comprising a tube sheet and a heat exchange tube, the heat exchange tube being inserted into a hole of the tube sheet; the heat exchange tube being a titanium heat exchange tube , the inside of the tube plate and/or the tube end of the titanium heat exchange tube The outer side is coated with silicone oil.
  • the coating thickness of the silicone oil is not more than 0.1 mm. In this way, the silicone oil is saved, the cost is reduced, and the sealing property is improved. If the coating thickness is too large, the expansion tube strength is improperly handled, and it is easily affected by the silicone oil, for example, the expansion tube strength is insufficient, but the silicone oil is at this time. If the thickness is large, the sealing property will still be ensured. However, if it is operated for a long time in a high temperature environment, the silicone oil will be volatilized, and the insufficient expansion strength in the early stage may result in poor sealing between the titanium heat exchange tube and the tube sheet.
  • a method for expanding a tube of the foregoing lithium bromide cold water chiller of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Before the tube is expanded to the titanium heat exchange tube of the high temperature generator, the silicone oil is applied to the outside of the tube sheet and/or the tube end of the titanium heat exchange tube as a sealant;
  • Step 2 insert the titanium heat exchange tube into the hole of the tube plate, and expand the tube of the titanium heat exchange tube, so that the titanium heat exchange tube at the hole is expanded and fastened with the tube sheet, and adhered to the titanium heat exchange through the silicone oil.
  • An auxiliary seal is achieved between the tube and the bore of the tube sheet.
  • the invention relates to a lithium bromide cold and warm water unit, comprising an evaporator, a condenser, an absorber, an additional water heater, a low temperature generator and a high temperature generator, wherein the device has a tube plate and a heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange tube is inserted.
  • the heat exchange tube is a titanium heat exchange tube, and the outer side of the tube end of the tube sheet and/or the outer side of the tube of the titanium heat exchange tube is coated with a lubricating sealant other than the silicone oil.
  • the agent has thermal stability and chemical inertness above 200 ° C, and the saturated vapor pressure is lower than 1 Pa, such as heat transfer oil, vacuum pump oil and the like.
  • a lithium bromide cold warm water/heat pump unit of the present invention comprises a plurality of heat exchangers, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a titanium shell, titanium rod plates are arranged at both ends of the titanium shell, and one side of the titanium tube plate is provided with a cavity a titanium heat exchange tube is disposed in the titanium shell, the titanium heat exchange tube is disposed between the adjacent two titanium tube sheets; the chamber is composed of a titanium plate; and the titanium heat exchange tube is expanded to the adjacent two pieces Between the titanium tube sheets, the ends are welded to the adjacent two titanium tube sheets.
  • the above scheme has the following advantages: (1) The heat exchanger is entirely made of titanium material, so that it does not have any corrosion under the use environment of the lithium bromide cold warm water (heat pump) unit, and is durable; (2) the titanium shell and the titanium heat exchange tube are working.
  • Titanium strength is close to stainless steel, no erosion corrosion and wear
  • Titanium surface oxide layer will not increase Thickness, not easy to scale, long-term use of heat transfer capacity is not easy to reduce
  • Titanium shell, titanium heat exchange tube, titanium tube plate and chamber titanium plate do not need to reserve corrosion margin, thickness can be reduced to copper tube 1/2 of the material, and the density of titanium is only about 1/2 of that of copper.
  • the unit can reduce the weight of the material by more than 70% compared with the conventional unit, which is conducive to transportation and installation, especially the position of the roof and the like, saving space; (6) In addition to the basic strength and sealing of the expansion tube package, the end of the titanium heat exchange tube is welded with the titanium tube sheet to achieve a sealing effect; (7) since the heat exchanger is entirely made of titanium material, each component can be guaranteed Roughly equivalent life Life, no need to change parts frequently; (8) light weight, improve the weight of the entire unit.
  • the expansion joint between the titanium heat exchange tube of the present invention and the adjacent two titanium tube sheets can adopt the expansion tube structure and the expansion tube method of the above-mentioned lithium bromide cold warm water unit.
  • a solder joint is disposed between the end of the titanium heat exchange tube and the side of the adjacent two titanium tube sheets.
  • solder joints are disposed at the corners of the side of the titanium tube sheet; or the entire side of the side of the titanium tube sheet is provided with a linear solder joint.
  • the linear solder joint means that the solder joint is a linear structure, not a simple one, and the length of the solder joint may be the same as or different from the length of the side of the titanium tube sheet.
  • a solder joint is disposed between the titanium shell and the side of the titanium tube sheet.
  • the titanium shell and the titanium tube sheet may be connected only by solder joints; the titanium shell and the titanium tube sheet may be first welded to each other and further strengthened by solder joints.
  • the chamber is a water chamber, a steam chamber or a smoke box.
  • the steam chamber is a steam type chamber
  • the smoke box is a smoke type chamber.
  • the plurality of heat exchangers include at least one of an absorber, a condenser, an evaporator and a generator, and an additional water heater.
  • the heat exchanger of the present invention may be an absorber, a condenser, an evaporator, a low temperature generator (double effect type), an additional water heater (direct combustion type), a generator (single effect steam or hot water type), a high temperature generator ( Double effect steam or hot water type).
  • titanium heat exchange tube By selecting titanium heat exchange tube, it has the advantages of resistance to various corrosion, light weight, low fouling coefficient, high strength, and easy to block the pipeline, and does not need to reserve corrosion margin, and the thickness can be reduced to copper tube 1 /2, and the density of titanium is only about 1/2 of that of copper. Therefore, the use of a titanium heat exchange tube can reduce the amount of material by more than 70% compared with a copper heat exchange tube;
  • the lithium bromide cold warm water unit or the heat pump unit is made of titanium, especially the part that contacts the external medium is titanium material, which has excellent corrosion resistance, long service life, and is not easy to oxidize or scale to maintain high efficiency heat exchange. Performance
  • Titanium heat exchange tube adopts the method of expansion joint and welding. Since the expansion joint can ensure sufficient strength and has auxiliary sealing effect, the welding can ensure the sealing property and provide a certain strength, so that the titanium heat exchange tube and the titanium tube The airtightness between the plates is better and the joint strength is higher.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of coating dimethyl silicone oil according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of a titanium heat exchange tube and a titanium tube sheet according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • a lithium bromide cold and warm water unit comprises an evaporator, a condenser, an absorber, an additional water heater and a low temperature generator.
  • the above device is provided with a tube plate 2 and a heat exchange tube, and a heat exchange tube. Inserted into the hole 21 of the tube sheet 2; the heat exchange tube is a titanium heat exchange tube 1, and the outer side of the tube end of the titanium heat exchange tube 1 is coated with dimethyl silicone oil 3, and the coating thickness of the dimethyl silicone oil 3 is 0.05 mm.
  • the titanium heat exchange tube 1 of the embodiment has the following advantages: 1) the titanium heat exchange tube on the atmospheric side (water side) and the vacuum side (solution side) does not have any corrosion under the use environment, and is durable; 2) thermal expansion of titanium The coefficient is less than 10% compared with the carbon steel as the heat exchanger shell.
  • the shell and the titanium heat exchange tube expand uniformly during operation, and there is no hidden danger of stress damage; 3) the atmospheric side (water side) and the vacuum side (solution side)
  • the strength of the titanium heat exchange tube is close to that of stainless steel, without erosion and wear; 4) the surface oxide layer of titanium does not increase the thickness, and is not easy to scale, and the long-term use of heat transfer capacity is not easy to fall; 5) due to the above reasons, the titanium heat exchange tube 1
  • the corrosion allowance is not required, the thickness can be reduced to 1/2 of the copper tube, and the density of titanium is only about 1/2 of that of copper. Therefore, the use of the titanium heat exchange tube 1 can reduce the amount of material compared with the copper heat exchange tube.
  • the titanium heat exchange tube on the vacuum side (solution side) does not react with the lithium bromide solution or the corrosion inhibitor, does not consume the corrosion inhibitor and changes the composition of the solution, and does not cause corrosion of the copper-iron primary battery. Avoid corrosion and scaling of the unit heat exchanger, as well as blockage of various pipelines and nozzles; 7) Light weight Improve the overall weight reduction of lithium bromide cold water chillers.
  • Step 1 Before the tube is expanded on the titanium heat exchange tube 1, the dimethyl silicone oil 3 is applied on the outside of the tube end of the titanium heat exchange tube 1 as a sealant;
  • Step 2 insert the titanium heat exchange tube 1 into the hole 21 of the tube plate 2, the end of the titanium heat exchange tube 1 is inserted into the expansion joint portion of the expander 4, and the titanium heat exchange tube 1 is expanded by the expander 4, The titanium heat exchange tube 1 at the hole 21 is expanded and fastened to the tube sheet 2, and is adhered between the titanium heat exchange tube 1 and the hole 21 of the tube sheet 2 through the dimethyl silicone oil 3 to achieve an auxiliary seal.
  • dimethyl silicone oil 3 has the following advantages: (1) high viscosity, adheres to the gap between the titanium heat exchange tube and the tube plate hole, and plays an auxiliary sealing role; 2) Dimethyl silicone oil is an inert substance that does not corrode metals and does not react with lithium bromide solution; (3) Dimethicone is non-toxic and harmless to operators; (4) Dimethyl The base silicone oil has a boiling point of more than 300 ° C, and will not lose volatilization in working conditions for a long period of time, and has a long working life.
  • Example 2 The difference from Example 1 was that dimethyl silicone oil was applied in the pores of the tube sheet to a thickness of 0.1 mm.
  • the dimethyl silicone oil is applied not only in the hole of the tube sheet but also on the outer side of the tube end of the titanium heat exchange tube, and the coating thickness in the tube sheet hole is 0.02 mm in the titanium.
  • the coating thickness outside the tube end of the heat exchange tube was 0.08 mm.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the lithium bromide cold water unit is replaced by a lithium bromide heat pump unit.
  • the heat exchangers of the lithium bromide heat pump unit including the tube sheet and the heat exchange tube are the same as those of the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.
  • a lithium bromide cold and warm water unit comprises a high temperature generator, the high temperature generator comprises a tube sheet and a heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange tube is inserted into the hole of the tube sheet; the heat exchange tube is a titanium heat exchange tube, and the outer side of the tube of the titanium heat exchange tube It was coated with dimethyl silicone oil, and the coating thickness of dimethyl silicone oil was 0.05 mm.
  • the titanium heat exchange tube 1 of the embodiment has the following advantages: (1) titanium does not have any corrosion under the use environment, and is durable; (2) the thermal expansion coefficient of titanium is not comparable to the carbon steel as the shell of the high temperature generator. 10%, the shell and the heat exchange tube expand uniformly during operation, no stress damage hazard; (3) Titanium strength is close to stainless steel, no erosion corrosion and wear; (4) Titanium surface oxide layer does not increase thickness, and is not easy to knot Scale, long-term use of heat transfer capacity is not easy to reduce; (5) light weight, improve the weight of the heater.
  • the titanium heat exchange tube does not need to reserve corrosion margin, the thickness can be reduced to 1/2 of the copper tube, and the density of titanium is only about 1/2 of that of copper. Therefore, the titanium heat exchange tube is replaced by copper. Heat pipes can reduce the amount of materials by more than 70%.
  • Step 1 Before the tube is expanded on the titanium heat exchange tube, first apply dimethyl silicone oil on the outside of the tube end of the titanium heat exchange tube as a sealant;
  • Step 2 insert the titanium heat exchange tube into the hole of the tube plate, insert the end of the titanium heat exchange tube into the expansion joint portion of the expander, and expand the tube through the expander to the titanium heat exchange tube, so that the titanium at the hole is exchanged. After the heat pipe is expanded, it is fastened with the tube sheet, and is adhered between the titanium heat exchange tube and the hole of the tube sheet through the dimethyl silicone oil to realize the auxiliary sealing.
  • Example 5 The difference from Example 5 is that dimethyl silicone oil is applied in the pores of the tube sheet to a thickness of 0.1 mm.
  • the dimethyl silicone oil is applied not only in the hole of the tube sheet but also on the outer side of the tube end of the titanium heat exchange tube, and the coating thickness in the tube sheet hole is 0.02 mm in the titanium.
  • the coating thickness outside the tube end of the heat exchange tube was 0.08 mm.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 or Example 5 is that the dimethyl silicone oil is replaced by ethyl silicone oil.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 or Example 5 is that the dimethyl silicone oil is replaced by a heat transfer oil.
  • the heat transfer oil is thermally and chemically inert above 200 ° C and has a saturated vapor pressure of less than 1 Pa.
  • a lithium bromide cold and warm water unit includes an absorber, a condenser, an evaporator and a generator; each of the heat exchangers includes a titanium shell 5, and two ends of the titanium shell 5 are provided.
  • a titanium tube plate 2' one side of the titanium tube plate 2' is provided with a chamber 6, the titanium housing 5 is provided with a titanium heat exchange tube 1, and the titanium heat exchange tube 1 is disposed at two adjacent titanium tube sheets 2'
  • the chamber 6 is composed of two titanium plates 61; the titanium heat exchange tube 1 is expanded between the two adjacent titanium tube sheets 2', and the ends thereof are welded together with the adjacent two titanium tube sheets 2' .
  • the chamber 6 may be a solvent type water chamber, a steam type steam chamber or a smoke type cigarette case.
  • the end of the titanium heat exchange tube 1 and the adjacent two titanium tube sheets 2' are gas-shielded and welded to achieve a sealing effect.
  • a solder joint 7 is disposed between the end of the titanium heat exchange tube 1 and the side edges of the adjacent two titanium tube sheets 2', and the solder joint 7 is disposed at a corner of the side of the titanium tube sheet 2'.
  • a solder joint 7 is also disposed between the titanium shell 1 and the side of the titanium tube sheet 2'.
  • the contact between the titanium shell 5 and the titanium tube sheet 2' is first welded, and then the solder joint 7 is passed. Further reinforcement.
  • the titanium plate 61 of the chamber 6 is welded to the titanium casing 5.
  • the entire heat exchanger is made of titanium, the same material is easier to weld, and the welding is more firm and airtight.
  • the present embodiment is based on any of the above embodiments 1 to 9, and the housing, the chamber and the tube plate of the heat exchanger are also made of titanium and replaced by titanium.
  • the heat pipe and the tube sheet are expanded and joined, and the expansion joint can adopt the expansion tube structure or the expansion tube method of any of the above embodiments 1 to 9.
  • other expansion methods can also be used.
  • this embodiment can ensure the high corrosion resistance of the heat exchanger inside contact with solvent or steam or flue gas and the high corrosion resistance of the absorption cold water/heat pump unit in contact with the external medium, thereby improving the service life of the whole machine. And heat exchange efficiency; on the other hand, the sealing is good, and there is no leakage between the titanium heat exchange tube and the titanium tube sheet.
  • Embodiment 10 The difference from Embodiment 10 is that the titanium plate of the chamber is connected to the titanium casing by bolts.
  • solder joint is arranged between the end of the titanium heat exchange tube and the side edges of the adjacent two titanium tube sheets, and the solder joint is a linear structure extending from one end of the side of the titanium tube sheet to At the other end, the contact surface of the weld is increased to further improve the sealing property.
  • Embodiment 10 The difference from Embodiment 10 is that the lithium bromide cold water unit is replaced by a lithium bromide heat pump unit.
  • the heat exchangers in the lithium bromide heat pump unit are the same as those in the embodiment 10 and will not be described here.
  • the lithium bromide cold water warmer further includes an additional water heater
  • the casing, the chamber and the tube plate of the additional water heater are also made of titanium, and are welded after the titanium heat exchange tube and the tube plate are expanded.
  • the connection is the same as in the embodiment 10.

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Abstract

一种溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组，包括蒸发器、冷凝器、吸收器、附加热水器及低温发生器，上述器件内均设有管板（2）和换热管（1），换热管（1）插入管板（2）的孔（21）内；换热管（1）为钛换热管（1），管板（2）的孔（21）内和/或钛换热管（1）的管端外侧涂敷有硅油（3）。还提供了另外几种溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组及胀管方法。该溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组一方面耐腐蚀性好、重量轻、节省材料，另一方面能够大大降低胀管的难度系数、密封性好。

Description

一种溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组 技术领域
本发明涉及换热技术领域，特别是一种溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组。
背景技术
溴化锂冷温水机组包括蒸发器、冷凝器、吸收器、附加热水器及低温发生器，这些器件内的换热管传统采用铜换热管，虽然导热系数高，但具有以下缺点：1)大气侧(水侧)和真空侧(溶液侧)的铜硬度低，不耐冲刷腐蚀和磨损；2)大气侧(水侧)的铜容易产生氧化层，并且容易结垢，长期使用传热能力下降；3)大气侧(水侧)的铜不耐氨、硫化物及酸性物质的腐蚀；4)大气侧(水侧)的铜在结水垢的情况下会产生垢下腐蚀(一种氧浓差腐蚀)，容易出现穿孔等事故；5)大气侧(水侧)的铜电位明显高于钢铁材质的外壳，易形成铜铁原电池，促进钢铁壳体腐蚀；6)真空侧(溶液侧)的铜接触溴化锂溶液及其缓蚀剂，会产生铜离子，而铜离子与钢铁材质的壳体产生置换反应，出现局部镀铜现象，形成铜铁原电池，促进钢铁壳体腐蚀。
溴化锂吸收式冷温水机组或热泵机组的外壳通常采用低碳钢作为壳体，铜管或不锈钢管作为换热管。而分隔式高温发生器供热的溴化锂冷温水机组，具有制热时主体与高温发生器分隔的特点，由于高温发生器无机械运动部件，当主体不运转时，能够减少磨损。经过20多年大量用户实际运行验证：故障率下降70％、散热损失减少60％，避免蒸发器制热时结垢而影响制冷。寿命可延长一倍。
无论是溴化锂吸收式冷温水机组或热泵机组的外壳，还是高温发生器内的换热管，采用铜换热管，虽然导热系数高，但具有以下缺点：1)铜硬度低，不耐冲刷腐蚀和磨损；2)铜容易产生氧化层，并且容易结垢，长期使用导致传热能力下降；3)铜不耐氨、硫化物及酸性物质的腐蚀。
之后进行改进，采用不锈钢换热管代替铜换热管，虽然硬度和耐蚀性提高，但具有以下缺点：1)不锈钢不耐水中大量存在的氯离子腐蚀，从而导致点蚀、应力腐蚀等问题；2)不锈钢热胀系数高于作为高温发生器碳素钢壳体的50％，导致碳素钢壳体和换热管在工作时膨胀不一，产生较大的应力，进而导致损坏；3)不锈钢在结水垢的情况下可产生垢下腐蚀(一种氧浓差腐蚀)。
为了解决上述问题，现有技术中采用钛换热管来代替不锈钢换热管，取得了良好的效果，但是，由于钛是一种弹性系数高的材料，其屈服强度与断裂强度非常接近，若胀管力量不足， 材料会产生回弹，若胀管力量过大，则可能开裂，从而很难把握钛换热管的胀管力度，因此，通过胀管要保证长期不泄漏非常困难。而钛也不能与钢类管板进行焊接。此外，低碳钢的管板耐蚀性也远不如钛，管板腐蚀将影响整体寿命。
另外，若采用钛-低碳钢复合板作为换热器壳体材料的机组，虽然接触外界介质部分均为钛，但机组外壳仍然为低碳钢，容易锈蚀，需要做防腐处理。另外，低碳钢部件接触溴化锂溶液，可能化学反应产生氢气，影响机组真空度，降低制冷效率，且在机组泄漏进入空气后会导致腐蚀，产生污垢，降低机组使用寿命和换热效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的上述不足而提供一种耐腐蚀性强，重量轻，密封性好，节省材料，胀管难度系数小的溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组。
本发明的技术方案是：
本发明之一种溴化锂冷温水机组，包括蒸发器、冷凝器、吸收器、附加热水器及低温发生器，上述器件内均设有管板和换热管，所述换热管插入管板的孔内；所述换热管为钛换热管，所述管板的孔内和/或钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷有硅油。
本发明通过在钛换热管与管板的孔之间涂敷硅油，即使胀管力量不足，钛换热管产生回弹，钛换热管与管板的孔之间也不会产生间隙。另外，硅油能够耐高温，在长期工作下不会挥发损失，能够保证密封性，提高使用寿命。
可以理解的是，只要溴化锂冷温水机组中至少一个包括管板和换热管的换热器包含了本申请的技术方案，就落入本发明的保护范围内。
另外，上述的溴化锂冷温水机组也适用于溴化锂热泵机组中的各个换热器。
进一步，所述硅油为二甲基硅油、乙基硅油或其他基团的、具有高沸点(大气压下沸点≥250℃)及热稳定性、化学惰性的各种改性硅油。
进一步，所述换热管插入胀管器的胀接部分。
进一步，所述硅油的涂敷厚度不大于0.1mm。
本发明之一种根据前述溴化锂冷温水机组的胀管方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：在对钛换热管进行胀管前，先在管板的孔内和/或钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷有硅油，作为密封剂；
步骤2：将钛换热管插入管板的孔内，对钛换热管进行胀管，使得处于孔处的钛换热管扩胀后与管板紧固，通过硅油粘附在钛换热管与管板的孔之间，实现辅助密封。
本发明之一种溴化锂冷温水机组，包括高温发生器，所述高温发生器包括管板和换热管，所述换热管插入管板的孔内；所述换热管为钛换热管，所述管板的孔内和/或钛换热管的管端 外侧涂敷有硅油。
进一步，所述硅油的涂敷厚度不大于0.1mm。这样，既节省了硅油，降低成本，又能提高密封性，若涂敷厚度过大，则会使得胀管力度拿捏不当，容易受到硅油的影响，例如会导致胀管力度不足，但是此时硅油厚度大，仍会确保密封性，然而一旦在高温环境下长期工作，会使得硅油挥发，而由于前期的胀管力度不足，会导致钛换热管与管板之间密封性差。
本发明之一种前述溴化锂冷温水机组的胀管方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：在对高温发生器的钛换热管进行胀管前，先在管板的孔内和/或钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷有硅油，作为密封剂；
步骤2：将钛换热管插入管板的孔内，对钛换热管进行胀管，使得处于孔处的钛换热管扩胀后与管板紧固，通过硅油粘附在钛换热管与管板的孔之间，实现辅助密封。
本发明之一种溴化锂冷温水机组，包括蒸发器、冷凝器、吸收器、附加热水器、低温发生器和高温发生器，上述器件内均设有管板和换热管，所述换热管插入管板的孔内；所述换热管为钛换热管，所述管板的孔内和/或钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷有除硅油以外的润滑封闭剂，所述润滑封闭剂在200℃以上具有热稳定性和化学惰性，饱和蒸气压低于1Pa，如导热油、真空泵油等。
本发明之一种溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组，包括多个换热器，所述换热器包括钛壳体，钛壳体的两端设有钛管板，钛管板的一侧设有腔室，钛壳体内设有钛换热管，钛换热管设于相邻两个钛管板之间；所述腔室由钛板构成；所述钛换热管胀接于相邻两块钛管板之间，其端头与相邻两块钛管板焊接在一起。
上述方案具有以下优点：(1)换热器全部采用钛材料，使得其在溴化锂冷温水(热泵)机组使用环境下没有任何腐蚀，经久耐用；(2)钛壳体和钛换热管在工作时膨胀一致，没有应力损坏隐患，不需要采用移动封头或膨胀节，节省零部件，降低成本；(3)钛强度接近不锈钢，没有冲刷腐蚀和磨损；(4)钛表面氧化层不会增加厚度，也不易结垢，长期使用传热能力不易下降；(5)钛壳体、钛换热管、钛管板和腔室的钛板不需要预留腐蚀余量，厚度可降低为铜管等材料的1/2，并且钛的密度仅为铜的1/2左右，因此这种机组比传统机组可降低材料重量70％以上，有利于运输安装，特别是楼顶等位置，节省空间；(6)除胀管包装基本的强度和密封性外，钛换热管的端头与钛管板进行焊接，达到密封效果；(7)由于换热器整体采用钛材料，能够保证各个部件达到大致相当的使用寿命，无需频繁更换部件；(8)重量轻，提高整个机组的轻量化水平。
另外，本发明的钛换热管与相邻两块钛管板之间的胀接方式可采用前述溴化锂冷温水机组的胀管结构和胀管方法。
进一步，所述钛换热管的端头与相邻两块钛管板的侧边之间设有焊点。通过在钛管板的侧边设置焊点，一方面便于焊接，另一方面，达到密封效果，由于钛是一种弹性系数高的材料，其屈服强度与断裂强度非常接近，若胀管力量不足，材料会产生回弹，若胀管力量过大，则可能开裂，因此胀管要保证长期不泄漏非常困难；本方案通过在胀管后进一步设置焊点，来提高密封性。
进一步，所述焊点设于钛管板侧边的边角处；或者钛管板侧边的整条边上均设有线状的焊点。其中线状的焊点是指焊点为线型结构，不是单纯的一点，焊点的长度可以与钛管板侧边的长度相同或不同。
进一步，所述钛壳体与钛管板的侧边之间设有焊点。钛壳体与钛管板之间可以仅通过焊点连接；也可以先将钛壳体与钛管板的接触面之间焊接，再通过焊点进一步加固。
进一步，所述腔室为水室、汽室或烟箱。其中，汽室为蒸汽型的腔室，烟箱为烟气型的腔室。
进一步，所述腔室的钛板与钛壳体之间焊接和/或紧固件连接。
进一步，所述多个换热器包括吸收器、冷凝器、蒸发器和发生器、附加热水器中的至少一种。本发明的换热器可以是吸收器、冷凝器、蒸发器、低温发生器(双效型)，附加热水器(直燃型)、发生器(单效蒸汽或热水型)、高温发生器(双效蒸汽或热水型)等。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)通过选用钛换热管，具有耐各种腐蚀、重量轻、污垢系数低、强度高、不易堵塞管路等优点，且不需要预留腐蚀余量，厚度可降低为铜管的1/2，并且钛的密度仅为铜的1/2左右，因此，采用钛换热管比铜换热管可降低材料用量70％以上；
(2)通过在管板的孔内和/或钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷有硅油或其它润滑剂，即使钛换热管自身的弹性系数高，也不会降低密封性，进而降低胀管的难度系数，大大提高密封性；
(3)将溴化锂冷温水机组或热泵机组采用全钛材质，尤其是接触外界介质的部分均为钛材料，具有耐蚀性极佳，使用寿命长，不易氧化或结垢而保持高效率换热的性能；
(4)钛换热管采用胀接加焊接的方式，由于胀接能够保证足够的强度，并且有辅助密封作用，焊接能够保证密封性，又提供一定的强度，使得钛换热管与钛管板之间的气密性更好、联接强度更高。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例1涂敷二甲基硅油的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例10的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例10钛换热管与钛管板的连接结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
如图1和图2所示：一种溴化锂冷温水机组，包括蒸发器、冷凝器、吸收器、附加热水器及低温发生器，上述器件内均设有管板2和换热管，换热管插入管板2的孔21内；换热管为钛换热管1，钛换热管1的管端外侧涂敷有二甲基硅油3，二甲基硅油3的涂敷厚度为0.05mm。
本实施例采用钛换热管1具有以下优点：1)大气侧(水侧)和真空侧(溶液侧)的钛换热管在使用环境下没有任何腐蚀，经久耐用；2)钛的热胀系数与作为换热器壳体的碳素钢相差不到10％，壳体和钛换热管在工作时膨胀一致，没有应力损坏隐患；3)大气侧(水侧)和真空侧(溶液侧)的钛换热管强度接近不锈钢，没有冲刷腐蚀和磨损；4)钛表面氧化层不会增加厚度，也不易结垢，长期使用传热能力不易下降；5)由于以上原因，钛换热管1不需要预留腐蚀余量，厚度可降低为铜管的1/2，并且钛的密度仅为铜的1/2左右，因此，采用钛换热管1比铜换热管可降低材料用量70％以上；6)真空侧(溶液侧)的钛换热管不会与溴化锂溶液或者缓蚀剂反应，不会消耗缓蚀剂和改变溶液成分，也不会产生铜铁原电池腐蚀，可避免机组换热器腐蚀、结垢，以及各种管路、喷嘴堵塞；7)重量轻，提高溴化锂冷温水机组的整体轻量化。
但是，由于钛是一种弹性系数高的材料，其屈服强度与断裂强度非常接近，若胀管力量不足，材料会产生回弹，若胀管力量过大，则可能开裂，从而很难把握钛换热管的胀管力度。因此，本实施例通过在钛换热管1的管端外侧涂敷二甲基硅油3，即使钛换热管自身的弹性系数高，也不会降低密封性，进而降低胀管的难度系数，大大提高密封性。
本实施例的胀管方法具体包括以下步骤：
步骤1：在对钛换热管1进行胀管前，先在钛换热管1的管端外侧涂敷二甲基硅油3，作为密封剂；
步骤2：将钛换热管1插入管板2的孔21内，钛换热管1的末端插入胀管器4的胀接部分，通过胀管器4对钛换热管1进行胀管，使得处于孔21处的钛换热管1扩胀后与管板2紧固，通过二甲基硅油3粘附在钛换热管1与管板2的孔21之间，实现辅助密封。
本实施例之所以选用二甲基硅油3，是因为二甲基硅油具有以下优点：(1)粘度高，粘附在钛换热管和管板孔间的缝隙中，起辅助密封作用；(2)二甲基硅油是一种惰性物质，不腐蚀金属也不与溴化锂溶液产生化学反应；(3)二甲基硅油无毒，对操作者无害；(4)二甲 基硅油的沸点在300℃以上，在工作条件长期不会挥发损失，工作寿命长。
通过选择涂敷厚度为0.05mm的二甲基硅油3，由于涂敷很薄一层，既能够使得胀管力度较易拿捏，又能提高密封性。
实施例2
与实施例1的区别在于，二甲基硅油涂敷在管板的孔内，涂敷厚度为0.1mm。
其它同实施例1。
实施例3
与实施例1的区别在于，二甲基硅油既涂敷在管板的孔内，还涂敷在钛换热管的管端外侧，在管板孔内的涂敷厚度为0.02mm，在钛换热管的管端外侧的涂敷厚度为0.08mm。
其它同实施例1。
实施例4
与实施例1的区别在于，溴化锂冷温水机组由溴化锂热泵机组代替。溴化锂热泵机组中包含管板和换热管的各个换热器均与实施例1的技术方案相同，此处不再赘述。
实施例5
一种溴化锂冷温水机组，包括高温发生器，高温发生器包括管板和换热管，换热管插入管板的孔内；换热管为钛换热管，钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷有二甲基硅油，二甲基硅油的涂敷厚度为0.05mm。
本实施例采用钛换热管1具有以下优点：(1)钛在使用环境下没有任何腐蚀，经久耐用；(2)钛的热胀系数与作为高温发生器壳体的碳素钢相差不到10％，壳体和换热管在工作时膨胀一致，没有应力损坏隐患；(3)钛强度接近不锈钢，没有冲刷腐蚀和磨损；(4)钛表面的氧化层不会增加厚度，也不易结垢，长期使用传热能力不易下降；(5)重量轻，提高加热器的轻量化。
由于以上原因，钛换热管不需要预留腐蚀余量，厚度可降低为铜管的1/2，并且钛的密度仅为铜的1/2左右，因此，采用钛换热管比铜换热管可降低材料用量70％以上。
本实施例的胀管方法具体包括以下步骤：
步骤1：在对钛换热管进行胀管前，先在钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷二甲基硅油，作为密封剂；
步骤2：将钛换热管插入管板的孔内，钛换热管的末端插入胀管器的胀接部分，通过胀管器对钛换热管进行胀管，使得处于孔处的钛换热管扩胀后与管板紧固，通过二甲基硅油粘附在钛换热管与管板的孔之间，实现辅助密封。
实施例6
与实施例5的区别在于，二甲基硅油涂敷在管板的孔内，涂敷厚度为0.1mm。
其它同实施例5。
实施例7
与实施例5的区别在于，二甲基硅油既涂敷在管板的孔内，还涂敷在钛换热管的管端外侧，在管板孔内的涂敷厚度为0.02mm，在钛换热管的管端外侧的涂敷厚度为0.08mm。
其它同实施例5。
实施例8
与实施例1或实施例5的区别在于，二甲基硅油由乙基硅油代替。
其它同实施例1或实施例5。
实施例9
与实施例1或实施例5的区别在于，二甲基硅油由导热油代替。导热油在200℃以上具有热稳定性和化学惰性，饱和蒸气压低于1帕。
其它同实施例1或实施例5。
实施例10
如图3和图4所示：一种溴化锂冷温水机组，包括吸收器、冷凝器、蒸发器和发生器；上述每个换热器均包括钛壳体5，钛壳体5的两端设有钛管板2′，钛管板2′的一侧设有腔室6，钛壳体5内设有钛换热管1，钛换热管1设于相邻两个钛管板2′之间；腔室6由两块钛板61构成；钛换热管1胀接于相邻两块钛管板2′之间，其端头与相邻两块钛管板2′焊接在一起。
其中腔室6可以是溶剂型的水室、蒸汽型的汽室或烟气型的烟箱。
钛换热管1的端头与相邻两块钛管板2′之间进行气体保护焊接，达到密封效果。钛换热管1的端头与相邻两块钛管板2′的侧边之间设有焊点7，焊点7设于钛管板2′侧边的边角处。钛壳体1与钛管板2′的侧边之间也设有焊点7，本实施例是先将钛壳体5与钛管板2′的接触面之间焊接，再通过焊点7进一步加固。腔室6的钛板61与钛壳体5之间焊接。整个换热器均采用钛材料，相同的材质更易于焊接，且焊接更为牢固，气密性更好。
可以说，本实施例在上述实施例1～实施例9任一项实施例的基础之上，将换热器的壳体、腔室和管板也均采用钛材质制成，并在钛换热管与管板胀接后进行焊接连接，胀接方式可采用上述实施例1～实施例9任一项实施例的胀管结构或胀管方法。当然，也可采用其他胀接方式。
本实施例一方面能够保证换热器内部与溶剂或蒸汽或烟气接触的高耐腐蚀性以及吸收式冷温水/热泵机组与外界介质接触的高耐腐蚀性，从而提高了整机的使用寿命和换热效率；另一方面，密封性好，钛换热管与钛管板之间不易产生泄露。
实施例11
与实施例10的区别在于，腔室的钛板与钛壳体之间通过螺栓连接。
其它同实施例10。
实施例12
与实施例10的区别在于，钛换热管的端头与相邻两块钛管板的侧边之间设有焊点，焊点为线型结构，从钛管板侧边的一端延伸至另一端，来提高焊接的接触面，进一步提高密封性。
其它同实施例10。
实施例13
与实施例10的区别在于，溴化锂冷温水机组由溴化锂热泵机组代替。溴化锂热泵机组中各个换热器均与实施例10的技术方案相同，此处不再赘述。
实施例14
与实施例10的区别在于，溴化锂冷温水机组还包括附加热水器，附加热水器的壳体、腔室和管板也均采用钛材质制成，并在钛换热管与管板胀接后进行焊接连接，具体同实施例10。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其同等技术的范围之内，则本发明也包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种溴化锂冷温水机组，包括蒸发器、冷凝器、吸收器、附加热水器及低温发生器，上述器件内均设有管板和换热管，所述换热管插入管板的孔内；其特征在于，所述换热管为钛换热管，所述管板的孔内和/或钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷有硅油。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述溴化锂冷温水机组，其特征在于，所述硅油为二甲基硅油、乙基硅油或改性硅油。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述溴化锂冷温水机组，其特征在于，所述换热管插入胀管器的胀接部分。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述溴化锂冷温水机组，其特征在于，所述硅油的涂敷厚度不大于0.1mm。
  5. 一种根据权利要求1～4任一项所述溴化锂冷温水机组的胀管方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：在对钛换热管进行胀管前，先在管板的孔内和/或钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷有硅油，作为密封剂；
    步骤2：将钛换热管插入管板的孔内，对钛换热管进行胀管，使得处于孔处的钛换热管扩胀后与管板紧固，通过硅油粘附在钛换热管与管板的孔之间，实现辅助密封。
  6. 一种溴化锂冷温水机组，包括高温发生器，所述高温发生器包括管板和换热管，所述换热管插入管板的孔内；其特征在于，所述换热管为钛换热管，所述管板的孔内和/或钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷有硅油。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述溴化锂冷温水机组，其特征在于，所述硅油的涂敷厚度不大于0.1mm。
  8. 一种根据权利要求6或7所述溴化锂冷温水机组的胀管方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：在对高温发生器的钛换热管进行胀管前，先在管板的孔内和/或钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷有硅油，作为密封剂；
    步骤2：将钛换热管插入管板的孔内，对钛换热管进行胀管，使得处于孔处的钛换热管扩胀后与管板紧固，通过硅油粘附在钛换热管与管板的孔之间，实现辅助密封。
  9. 一种溴化锂冷温水机组，包括蒸发器、冷凝器、吸收器、附加热水器、低温发生器和高温发生器，上述器件内均设有管板和换热管，所述换热管插入管板的孔内；其特征在于，所述换热管为钛换热管，所述管板的孔内和/或钛换热管的管端外侧涂敷有除硅油以外的润滑封闭剂，所述润滑封闭剂耐温≥200℃，饱和蒸气压低于1Pa。
  10. 一种溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组，其特征在于，包括多个换热器，所述换热器包括钛壳体，钛壳体的两端设有钛管板，钛管板的一侧设有腔室，钛壳体内设有钛换热管，钛换热管设于相邻两个钛管板之间；所述腔室由钛板构成；所述钛换热管胀接于相邻两块钛管板之间，其端头与相邻两块钛管板焊接在一起。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组，其特征在于，所述钛换热管的端头与相邻两块钛管板的侧边之间设有焊点。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组，其特征在于，所述焊点设于钛管板侧边的边角处；或者钛管板侧边的整条边上均设有线状的焊点。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组，其特征在于，所述钛壳体与钛管板的侧边之间设有焊点。
  14. 根据权利要求10～13任一项所述的溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组，其特征在于，所述腔室的钛板与钛壳体之间焊接和/或紧固件连接。
  15. 根据权利要求10～13任一项所述的溴化锂冷温水/热泵机组，其特征在于，所述多个换热器包括吸收器、冷凝器、蒸发器和发生器、附加热水器中的至少一种。
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