WO2018107766A1 - 电池内短路的在线检测方法 - Google Patents

电池内短路的在线检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2018107766A1
WO2018107766A1 PCT/CN2017/095094 CN2017095094W WO2018107766A1 WO 2018107766 A1 WO2018107766 A1 WO 2018107766A1 CN 2017095094 W CN2017095094 W CN 2017095094W WO 2018107766 A1 WO2018107766 A1 WO 2018107766A1
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voltage
threshold
cell
battery
power battery
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PCT/CN2017/095094
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English (en)
French (fr)
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袁圣杰
刘高坤
何冲
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蔚来汽车有限公司
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Priority to EP17881338.2A priority Critical patent/EP3557269B1/en
Publication of WO2018107766A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018107766A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of battery detection, and particularly relates to an online detection method for short circuit in a battery.
  • the short circuit phenomenon inside the battery is shown in Figure 1.
  • the reason for the formation is: due to the presence of impurities inside the battery and the lithium dendrites that may be formed during use, the internal diaphragm 2 of the battery is damaged, and the positive and negative electrodes are in direct contact, so that the area 1 appears. Internal short circuit.
  • the battery Since the battery is a sealed structure, once the battery has an internal short circuit, it will not be terminated until the battery is exhausted. Short circuit inside the battery will cause the following effects: (1) The battery has continuous internal discharge, and the voltage and charge are continuously reduced; (2) The internal heat of the battery passes through, which will cause local heat generation, and may cause complex electrochemical of the battery. The reaction causes the heat to continue to accumulate, which in turn ignites the battery.
  • the short circuit in the battery has the characteristics of low predictability, non-stop, and great harm, when the vehicle power battery is used, the internal short circuit of the power battery is detected and processed as early as possible, which is extremely important for ensuring reliable and safe operation of the vehicle. .
  • the online analysis method proposed by the internal short circuit detection method of the power battery includes: (1) detecting whether the battery voltage is lower than a set value to determine whether it is marked as an internal short circuit of the battery; 2) Detecting the battery at the end of the discharge Whether the static voltage difference is too large to determine whether it is marked as a battery internal short circuit; (3) further determining whether the internal short circuit of the marked battery (1) and (2) is true by detecting the battery charge and discharge voltage cutoff times.
  • the core idea of the above methods 2 and 3 is to judge whether the battery has an internal short circuit based on the difference in the state of charge between the batteries, but there are usually various reasons for the determination in the above method according to the phenomenon, for example: due to the battery itself There is a difference in consistency, such that the capacity attenuation between the battery cells is inconsistent, causing the problem that some of the cells in the parallel cells are attenuated too fast, and the problem of poor contact between the battery and the voltage sampling circuit may cause the above. The phenomenon occurs, but these problems are not caused by the internal short circuit of the battery.
  • the current vehicle battery management system since the current vehicle battery management system has the function of balancing the battery, the difference between the batteries is balanced, so after the short circuit occurs in the battery, the above phenomenon may occur after a certain period of time has elapsed, so the above method 2 3, the effectiveness in practical applications will be further reduced.
  • the present invention provides an online detection method for short circuit in a power battery, comprising the following steps:
  • the recorded historical monitoring voltage of each cell it is judged whether there is a cell whose voltage is less than the second threshold during charging and whose voltage is less than the third threshold during the discharging process, and if so, the corresponding cell is marked as the inner short-circuit cell.
  • a determining step of whether to perform monitoring is provided, the step comprising:
  • the voltage difference between the strings of the power batteries is calculated. If there is a pressure difference smaller than the preset fourth threshold, the voltages of the batteries in the power battery are monitored.
  • the second threshold is a difference between an average voltage of all the cells in the power battery and a preset first voltage variable
  • the third threshold is an average voltage of all the cells in the power battery and a preset second voltage. The difference between the variables.
  • the detecting method of the battery core whose voltage is less than the second threshold during charging is:
  • Step A1 calculating an average voltage of all the cells in the power battery according to the monitored voltages of the cells, and correspondingly calculating a second threshold;
  • step A2 the voltage of each cell is compared with the second threshold to determine whether there is a cell with a voltage less than the second threshold, if yes, step A3 is performed, if not, step A4 is performed;
  • Step A3 marking the cell with a voltage less than the second threshold as the lowest voltage cell in the charging process
  • step A4 the above steps are repeated while waiting for the charging current to be greater than the preset value of the charging current.
  • the preset value of the charging current ranges from [2C, 5C], where C is a charge and discharge rate.
  • the charging current is preset to be 2C.
  • the method for detecting the cell whose voltage is less than the third threshold during discharge is:
  • Step B1 calculating an average voltage of all the cells in the power battery according to the monitored voltages of the cells, and correspondingly calculating a third threshold
  • step B2 the voltage of each cell is sequentially compared with the third threshold to determine whether there is a cell with a voltage less than the third threshold, if yes, step B3 is performed, if not, step B4 is performed;
  • Step B3 marking the cell with a voltage less than the third threshold as the lowest voltage cell in the discharging process
  • step B4 the above steps are repeated while waiting for the discharge current to be greater than the preset value of the discharge current.
  • the preset value of the discharge current ranges from [5C, 8C], where C is a charge and discharge rate.
  • the discharge current is preset to 5C.
  • the first threshold has a value range of [50%, 90%].
  • the fourth threshold is 20 mv.
  • the first voltage variable is 50 mv; and the second voltage variable is 100 mv.
  • processing steps are also provided, including: transmitting alarm information and charging inhibition, or battery energy recovery prohibition, or cooling system maximum capability operation, or system power limitation to limp mode.
  • the limp mode has a corresponding system power value range of [7kw, 10kw].
  • the invention can accurately determine the occurrence of the internal short circuit fault of the power battery during the running of the vehicle, and ensure the safety of the vehicle and the personnel.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a short circuit phenomenon in a battery
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the SOC and the internal resistance of the battery
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an on-line detecting method for short circuit in a power battery of the present invention.
  • the invention determines the internal short circuit fault of the battery in the power battery by using information such as SOC (State of Charge), static voltage, charging voltage consistency, and discharge voltage consistency of the battery.
  • SOC State of Charge
  • An online detection method for internal short circuit of a power battery according to the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the recorded historical monitoring voltage of each cell it is determined whether there is a cell whose voltage is less than the second threshold during charging and whose voltage is less than the third threshold during the discharging process, and if present, the cell is marked as an inner short-circuit cell.
  • the change of the internal resistance R of the cell affects the overpotential (also called overpotential or overpotential) when the cell is working.
  • the overpotential changes with the change of SOC.
  • the specific SOC range is an interval greater than the set first threshold, and the normally set first threshold is a value of SOC greater than 50%.
  • the present invention sets a step of determining whether to perform monitoring before monitoring the voltage of each cell in the power battery, and the step includes: calculating a voltage difference between each string of cells in the power battery, if there is less than The preset fourth threshold pressure difference monitors the voltage of each cell in the power battery.
  • the cell structure in the power battery is usually expressed in the form of "N and M strings", where "N” means that there are N series cells, and "M string” means that M cells are connected in series in each series cell group.
  • the battery cores are respectively arranged in series in the series of battery cells, and the voltage difference between the strings is the pressure difference between the cells arranged in series.
  • the second threshold is a difference between an average voltage of all the cells in the power battery and a preset first voltage variable
  • the third threshold is an average voltage of all the cells in the power battery and a preset number The difference between the two voltage variables.
  • the internal short-circuit fault of the battery cell may cause thermal runaway of the single cell when it is severe.
  • Thermal runaway is a chemical reaction in which the internal temperature of the cell is high due to high temperature, which causes the electrolyte to continue to heat up and is accompanied by the release of high temperature gas/liquid. Therefore, it is necessary to set corresponding processing steps after determining the internal short-circuit fault of the battery to ensure the safety of the vehicle and personnel.
  • the set processing steps may include sending an alarm message and a combination of any one or more of the following:
  • System power limit to limp mode limit the operating current of the battery to reduce the heat generated in the short circuit area of the battery core, reduce the possibility of thermal runaway, and to ensure the vehicle is movable, usually the system power of the limp mode is taken.
  • the value range is [7kw, 10kw];
  • the battery system cooling system works at its maximum capacity to reduce the battery temperature and reduce the possibility of thermal runaway
  • step 1 it is detected whether the current power battery SOC is greater than a preset first threshold, and if it is greater, step 2 is performed.
  • the value of the first threshold is in the range of [50%, 90%], and is 50% in this embodiment.
  • Step 2 Calculate the pressure difference between each string of cells in the power battery. If there is a pressure difference smaller than the preset fourth threshold, monitor and record the voltage of each cell in the power battery, and perform step 3.
  • the fourth threshold is 20mv.
  • Step 3 if it is the charging process, proceed to step 4, otherwise perform step 5;
  • Step 4 Detecting a battery whose voltage is less than a second threshold during charging, specifically including steps A1 to A4.
  • the second threshold is the difference between the average voltage of all the cells in the power battery and the preset first voltage variable, and the first voltage variable is 50 mv.
  • the step of detecting the cell whose voltage during the charging process is less than the second threshold comprises:
  • Step A1 calculating an average voltage of all the cells in the power battery according to the monitored voltages of the cells, and correspondingly calculating a second threshold;
  • Step A2 sequentially compare the voltage of each cell with a second threshold, determine whether there is a cell with a voltage less than the second threshold, if there is a step A3, if not, then step A4;
  • Step A3 marking the cell with a voltage less than the second threshold as the lowest voltage cell in the charging process
  • step A4 the step A1 is performed again when the charging current is greater than the preset value of the charging current.
  • the preset value of the charging current is in the range of [2C, 5C]. In this embodiment, the preset value of the charging current is 2C, where C is the charging and discharging ratio.
  • Step 5 Detecting a battery whose voltage is less than a third threshold during discharge, specifically including steps B1 to B4.
  • the third threshold is a difference between an average voltage of all the cells in the power battery and a preset second voltage variable, and the second voltage variable is 100 mv.
  • the step of detecting the cell whose voltage is less than the third threshold during the discharging process comprises:
  • Step B1 calculating an average voltage of all the cells in the power battery according to the monitored voltages of the cells, and correspondingly calculating a third threshold
  • Step B2 sequentially comparing the voltage of each cell with a third threshold to determine whether there is a cell with a voltage less than the third threshold, if there is step B3, otherwise step B4;
  • Step B3 marking the cell with a voltage less than the third threshold as the lowest voltage cell in the discharging process
  • Step B4 executing the step again when the discharge current is greater than the preset value of the discharge current Step B1.
  • the preset value of the discharge current is in the range of [5C, 8C]. In this embodiment, the preset value of the discharge current is 5C.
  • step 6 the cells with the lowest voltage cell in the charging process and the lowest voltage cell in the discharging process are screened, and the corresponding cells are marked as inner short-circuit cells.

Abstract

一种动力电池内短路的在线检测方法，包括如下步骤：充、放电过程中，当动力电池荷电状态大于预设的第一阈值时，对动力电池中各电芯的电压进行监测和记录；依据记录的各电芯历史监测电压，判断是否存在充电过程中电压小于第二阈值、且放电过程中电压小于第三阈值的电芯，若存在则将对应电芯标记为内短路电芯。该检测方法可准确判断车辆运行过程中动力电池内部短路故障的发生，保证车辆和人员安全。

Description

电池内短路的在线检测方法 技术领域
本发明属于电池检测领域，具体涉及一种电池内短路的在线检测方法。
背景技术
电池内短路现象示意图如图1所示，其形成原因为：由于电池内部存在杂质，以及使用过程中可能形成的锂枝晶导致电池内部隔膜2破损，正负极直接接触，从而区域1处出现内部短路。
由于电池为密封结构，一旦电池发生了内短路，将不可终止，直到电池电量耗尽。电池内短路会造成以下影响：(1)电池存在持续的内部放电，电压及带电量持续降低；(2)电池内部由于持续的电流通过，会造成局部发热，还有可能引发电池的复杂电化学反应，造成热量持续聚集，进而引燃电池。
由于电池内短路存在可预见性低、不可终止、以及危害性大的特点，所以在车载动力电池的使用时，对动力电池的内部短路的尽早发现并处理，对于保证车辆可靠及安全运行极其重要。
目前电池的内短路判断方法如有下几种：
1、通过对疑似内短路的电池进行解体分析，检测绝缘层有无破损来判断电池是否出现内短路；该方法是目前最准确的判断电池是否出现内短路的方法，常用作原因分析及后续改进的方法，但该方法不能满足车载动力电池使用时的在线检测需要，无法对动力电池发生内部短路做到及时检测及处理。
2、通过检测电池之间的静态电压差值，判断静态电压差值是否持续扩大来判断电池是否出现内短路；该方法本身就需要较的长时间来检测和判断，而且由于电池均衡的存在，因此在车载动力电池使用时不能及时有效的进行内短路的判断。
3、动力电池的内短路检测方法(专利授权公告号CN 102565611 B)所提出的在线分析方法，包括：(1)检测电池电压是否低于设定值，来判断是否标记为电池内部短路；(2)检测电池在放电末端 的静态电压差是否过大，来判断是否标记为电池内部短路；(3)通过检测电池的充放电电压截止次数来进一步判断(1)和(2)所标记的电池内部短路是否为真。
上述方法2、3的核心思想都是基于电池间的荷电状态差异来判断电池是否存在内部短路，但通常会有多种原因导致上述方法中判断依据所述现象的产生，例如：由于电池本身存在一致性差异，使电池单体间的容量衰减不一致，造成并联电芯中的部分电芯衰减过快的问题，以及由于电池与电压采样电路之间的接触不良的问题等，都可能导致上述现象的发生，但这些问题都不是由电池的内短路造成的。
同时由于目前的车载电池管理系统都具备电池的均衡功能，以对电池间的差异进行均衡，所以在电池内短路发生后，必须持续存在一定时间后，才有可能出现上述现象，所以上述方法2、3在实际应用中的有效性会进一步降低。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决快速、准确的发现内短路电池的问题，本发明提出了一种动力电池内短路的在线检测方法，包括如下步骤：
充、放电过程中，当动力电池荷电状态大于预设的第一阈值时，对动力电池中各电芯的电压进行监测和记录；
依据所记录的各电芯历史监测电压，判断是否存在充电过程中电压小于第二阈值、且放电过程中电压小于第三阈值的电芯，若存在则将对应电芯标记为内短路电芯。
优选地，在所述对动力电池中各电芯的电压进行监测前，设置有是否进行监测的判断步骤，该步骤包括：
计算动力电池中各串电芯间压差，若存在小于预设的第四阈值的压差，则对动力电池中各电芯的电压进行监测。
优选地，所述第二阈值为动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压与预设第一电压变量的差值，所述第三阈值为动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压与预设第二电压变量的差值。
优选地，充电过程中电压小于第二阈值的电芯的检测方法为：
步骤A1，依据所监测到的各电芯的电压，计算动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压，并对应的计算第二阈值；
步骤A2，依次将各电芯的电压与所述第二阈值进行对比，判断是否存在电压小于所述第二阈值的电芯，若存在则执行步骤A3，若不存在则执行步骤A4；
步骤A3，将电压小于所述第二阈值的电芯标记为充电过程最低电压电芯；
步骤A4，等待充电电流大于充电电流预设值时重复上述步骤。
优选地，所述充电电流预设值的取值范围为[2C，5C]，其中C为充放电倍率。
优选地，所述充电电流预设值为2C。
优选地，放电过程中电压小于第三阈值的电芯的检测方法为：
步骤B1，依据所监测到的各电芯的电压，计算动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压，并对应的计算第三阈值；
步骤B2，依次将各电芯的电压与所述第三阈值进行对比，判断是否存在电压小于所述第三阈值的电芯，若存在则执行步骤B3，若不存在则执行步骤B4；
步骤B3，将电压小于所述第三阈值的电芯标记为放电过程最低电压电芯；
步骤B4，等待放电电流大于放电电流预设值时重复上述步骤。
优选地，所述放电电流预设值的取值范围为[5C，8C]，其中C为充放电倍率。
优选地，所述放电电流预设值为5C。
优选地，所述第一阈值的取值范围为[50％，90％]。
优选地，所述第四阈值为20mv。
优选地，所述第一电压变量为50mv；所述第二电压变量为100mv。
优选地，将电芯标记为内短路电芯后，还设置有处理步骤，包括：发送报警信息和充电禁止、或电池能量回收禁止、或冷却系统最大能力工作、或系统功率限制至跛行模式。
优选地，所述跛行模式，其对应系统功率的取值范围为[7kw，10kw]。
本发明可以可准确判断车辆运行过程中动力电池内部短路故障的发生，保证车辆和人员安全。
附图说明
图1是电池内短路现象示意图；
图2是电池SOC与内阻关系示意图；
图3是本发明动力电池内短路的在线检测方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明通过电池的SOC(State of Charge，荷电状态)、静态电压、充电电压一致性、放电电压一致性等信息，来判断动力电池中电芯的内部短路故障。
本发明的一种动力电池内短路的在线检测方法，包括如下步骤：
充、放电过程中，当动力电池SOC大于预设的第一阈值时，对动力电池中各电芯的电压进行监测和记录；
依据所记录的各电芯历史监测电压，判断是否存在充电过程中电压小于第二阈值、且放电过程中电压小于第三阈值的电芯，若存在则将该电芯标记为内短路电芯。
如图2所示，电芯的内阻R的变化影响着电芯工作时的过电势(也叫过电位或超电势)大小，在同一温度下，过电势随着SOC的变化而变化，为精确判断动力电池内部短路故障，需要在特定的SOC范围内进行检测，以减小电池内阻的变化。特定的SOC范围为大于设定的第一阈值的区间，通常设定的第一阈值为大于50％的SOC取值。
为了降低系统运算负荷，本发明在对动力电池中各电芯的电压进行监测前，设置有是否进行监测的判断步骤，该步骤包括：计算动力电池中各串电芯间压差，若存在小于预设的第四阈值的压差，则对动力电池中各电芯的电压进行监测。
动力电池中的电芯结构通常采用“N并M串”的方式进行表述，其中“N并”表示存在N个串联电芯组，“M串”表示每个串联电芯组中串联设置M个电芯；所述的各串电芯为串联电芯组中各串联设置的电芯，所述各串电芯间压差为各串联设置的电芯之间的压差。
本实施例中，所述第二阈值为动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压与预设第一电压变量的差值，所述第三阈值为动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压与预设第二电压变量的差值。
电芯的内部短路故障，严重时可能引发单体电芯的热失控。热失控是一种电芯内部由于温度较高，引发剧烈电解液分解等化学反应，从而发生电芯持续升温并伴随释放高温气体/液体的现象。因此需要在判定电芯内部短路故障发生后，设置相应的处理步骤，以保证车辆及人员安全。
在判定电芯内部短路故障发生后，所设置的处理步骤可以包括发送报警信息和以下任一方案或多种方案的组合：
(1)系统功率限制至跛行模式：限制电池的工作电流，以降低电芯内部短路区域的发热，降低发生热失控的可能性，为保证车辆是可移动性，通常跛行模式对应系统功率的取值范围为[7kw，10kw]；
(2)电池系统冷却系统最大能力工作，以降低电池温度，降低发生热失控的可能性；
(3)禁止能量回收及充电，电池发生内部短路后应尽量降低电池的所储存的能量，降低危害；
(4)电池管理系统充电禁止。
下面结合优选的实施方式进行详细说明，如图3所示，包括：
步骤1，检测当前动力电池SOC是否大于预设的第一阈值，若大于则执行步骤2。第一阈值的取值范围为[50％，90％]，本实施例中取值为50％。
步骤2，计算动力电池中各串电芯间压差，若存在小于预设的第四阈值的压差，对动力电池中各电芯的电压进行监测和记录，并执行步骤3。第四阈值为20mv。
步骤3，若为充电过程，则执行步骤4，否则执行步骤5；
步骤4，检测充电过程中电压小于第二阈值的电芯，具体包括步骤A1～步骤A4。第二阈值为动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压与预设第一电压变量的差值，第一电压变量为50mv。
其中，检测充电过程中电压小于第二阈值的电芯的步骤包括：
步骤A1，依据所监测到的各电芯的电压，计算动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压，并对应的计算第二阈值；
步骤A2，依次将各电芯的电压与第二阈值进行对比，判断是否存在电压小于第二阈值的电芯，若存在执行步骤A3，若不存在则执行步骤A4；
步骤A3，将电压小于第二阈值的电芯标记为充电过程最低电压电芯；
步骤A4，等待充电电流大于充电电流预设值时再次执行步骤A1步骤。充电电流预设值的取值范围为[2C，5C]，本实施例中充电电流预设值为2C，其中C为充放电倍率
步骤5，检测放电过程中电压小于第三阈值的电芯，具体包括步骤B1～步骤B4。所述第三阈值为动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压与预设第二电压变量的差值，所述第二电压变量为100mv。
其中，检测放电过程中电压小于第三阈值的电芯的步骤包括：
步骤B1，依据所监测到的各电芯的电压，计算动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压，并对应的计算第三阈值；
步骤B2，依次将各电芯的电压与第三阈值进行对比，判断是否存在电压小于第三阈值的电芯，若存在执行步骤B3，否则执行步骤B4；
步骤B3，将电压小于第三阈值的电芯标记为放电过程最低电压电芯；
步骤B4，等待放电电流大于放电电流预设值时再次执行步 骤B1步骤。放电电流预设值的取值范围为[5C，8C]，本实施例中放电电流预设值为5C。
步骤6，筛选同时标记有充电过程最低电压电芯、放电过程最低电压电芯的电芯，并将对应电芯标记为内短路电芯。
本领域技术人员应该能够意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的方法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明电子硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以电子硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。本领域技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种动力电池内短路的在线检测方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    充、放电过程中，当动力电池荷电状态大于预设的第一阈值时，对动力电池中各电芯的电压进行监测和记录；
    依据所记录的各电芯历史监测电压，判断是否存在充电过程中电压小于第二阈值、且放电过程中电压小于第三阈值的电芯，若存在则将对应电芯标记为内短路电芯。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述对动力电池中各电芯的电压进行监测前，设置有是否进行监测的判断步骤，该步骤包括：
    计算动力电池中各串电芯间压差，若存在小于预设的第四阈值的压差，则对动力电池中各电芯的电压进行监测。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二阈值为动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压与预设第一电压变量的差值，所述第三阈值为动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压与预设第二电压变量的差值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，充电过程中电压小于第二阈值的电芯的检测方法为：
    步骤A1，依据所监测到的各电芯的电压，计算动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压，并对应的计算第二阈值；
    步骤A2，依次将各电芯的电压与所述第二阈值进行对比，判断是否存在电压小于所述第二阈值的电芯，若存在则执行步骤A3，若不存在则执行步骤A4；
    步骤A3，将电压小于所述第二阈值的电芯标记为充电过程最低电压电芯；
    步骤A4，等待充电电流大于充电电流预设值时重复上述步骤。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述充电电流预设值 的取值范围为[2C，5C]，其中C为充放电倍率。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述充电电流预设值为2C。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，放电过程中电压小于第三阈值的电芯的检测方法为：
    步骤B1，依据所监测到的各电芯的电压，计算动力电池中所有电芯的平均电压，并对应的计算第三阈值；
    步骤B2，依次将各电芯的电压与所述第三阈值进行对比，判断是否存在电压小于所述第三阈值的电芯，若存在则执行步骤B3，若不存在则执行步骤B4；
    步骤B3，将电压小于所述第三阈值的电芯标记为放电过程最低电压电芯；
    步骤B4，等待放电电流大于放电电流预设值时重复上述步骤。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述放电电流预设值的取值范围为[5C，8C]，其中C为充放电倍率。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述放电电流预设值为5C。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一阈值的取值范围为[50％，90％]。
  11. 根据权利要求2～9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第四阈值为20mv。
  12. 根据权利要求3～9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一电压变量为50mv；所述第二电压变量为100mv。
  13. 根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将电芯标记 为内短路电芯后，还设置有处理步骤，包括：发送报警信息和充电禁止、或电池能量回收禁止、或冷却系统最大能力工作、或系统功率限制至跛行模式。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述跛行模式，其对应系统功率的取值范围为[7kw，10kw]。
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CN115343649B (zh) * 2022-10-18 2023-03-14 力高(山东)新能源技术股份有限公司 一种电池组电芯一致性的检测方法
CN115980596B (zh) * 2023-03-17 2023-05-30 合肥力高动力科技有限公司 一种在线检测动力电池内短路的方法
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