WO2018105414A1 - 微生物の検査方法及びその装置 - Google Patents
微生物の検査方法及びその装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018105414A1 WO2018105414A1 PCT/JP2017/042274 JP2017042274W WO2018105414A1 WO 2018105414 A1 WO2018105414 A1 WO 2018105414A1 JP 2017042274 W JP2017042274 W JP 2017042274W WO 2018105414 A1 WO2018105414 A1 WO 2018105414A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microorganism testing method and apparatus, and more particularly to a microorganism testing method and apparatus suitable for detecting living microorganisms such as plankton contained in ballast water.
- ballast water In order to stabilize the ship, the ship that is not loaded with cargo travels with ballast water and discharges the ballast water in the sea area where the luggage is loaded. Ballast water is usually discharged into a sea area different from the sea area on which it is mounted. Therefore, problems such as the destruction of ecosystems by transporting microbes such as plankton and bacteria contained in the ballast water to sea areas other than their original habitats. There is a risk of causing it.
- the “Guidelines for Ballast Water Sampling (G2)” related to the above Ballast Water Management Convention is based on the “Ballast Water Emission Standard (D-2)”.
- D-2 Bath Water Emission Standard
- L size organism an organism having a minimum size of 50 ⁇ m or more
- S size organism an organism having a minimum size of 10 ⁇ m or more and less than 50 ⁇ m
- the seawater pumped by the pump is passed through a flow cell and image measurement is performed (for example, patent document) 1)
- the seawater pumped up by the pump is collected as sample water after passing through a filter with a different opening, and the dyeing reagent is added to this and irradiated with excitation light while stirring.
- Patent Literature 2 and Patent Literature 3 There are known devices (for example, Patent Literature 2 and Patent Literature 3) that calculate the amount of microorganisms contained in sample water from the number of luminescence by detecting the number of luminescence.
- Patent Literature 1 increases the concentration of the organism while flowing a liquid specimen and staining a living organism having living cells present in the specimen, and flowing the stained specimen.
- the living body is measured from the concentrating unit that concentrates the image, the individual measuring unit that obtains image information of the individual including the organism in the concentrated specimen, and the individual image information output from the individual measuring unit. And a control means.
- the process of staining organisms in the liquid of the specimen, the process of concentrating organisms in the liquid, the process of acquiring information on organisms in the liquid, etc. can be performed by the flow method.
- the waiting time until a part of a sample that has completed one process proceeds to the next process can be greatly reduced or reduced to zero, and stable organisms can be prevented in order to prevent deterioration of the staining state during the waiting time. There is an advantage that life and death information can be acquired.
- the devices described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 are stirring and mixing means for stirring and mixing the sample solution by adding the sample and the fluorescent staining liquid to a batch-type sample container formed of a light transmitting material.
- an excitation light source having a light source for irradiating the irradiated surface of the sample container with excitation light while stirring the sample solution by the stirring and mixing means, and detecting light emitted by the excitation light from the excitation light source
- a control means for detecting the number of emitted light by converting the light detected by the light receiving means into an electrical signal and calculating the amount of microorganisms contained in the sample in the sample container from the number of emitted light. It is characterized by.
- the sample container is stirred and mixed by the stirring and mixing means, and then the sample solution is stirred on the irradiated surface of the sample container. Since the excitation light is incident and the fluorescence emission of the microorganisms is received by the light receiving means, the microorganisms emit light brightly in a very short time compared to those measured by standing without stirring. The amount can be measured easily and in a short time. And since it is a batch type, it becomes possible to miniaturize an apparatus and there exists a merit that manufacturing cost also becomes cheap.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 have a problem that it is difficult to detect some phytoplankton.
- some of the diatoms that have an oxyacid (glassy) shell around the cells are particularly difficult to absorb the staining agent FDA (fluorescent staining reagent FDA), so fluorescence is emitted. The amount was small and difficult to detect.
- FDA fluorescent staining reagent FDA
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms in ballast water, which can easily and quickly detect phytoplankton that is difficult to incorporate a fluorescent staining reagent.
- a microorganism testing apparatus for measuring the amount of microorganisms in a sample solution, and the sample and fluorescent staining are placed in a batch-type sample container formed of a light transmitting material.
- a stirring and mixing means for adding a reagent to stir and mix the sample solution; and a light source for continuously irradiating the irradiated surface of the sample container with the excitation light while stirring the sample solution by the stirring and mixing means.
- Excitation light source light receiving means for detecting light emitted by the excitation light from the excitation light source, light detected by the light receiving means is converted into an electrical signal, the number of emitted light is detected and counted, and the light emission
- the excitation light source includes two types of excitation light sources: a light source that emits light in a wavelength region that causes phytoplankton to emit chlorophyll fluorescence, and a light source that emits light in a wavelength region that causes fluorescence emitted from microorganisms stained with a fluorescent staining reagent. The technical means of using was taken.
- the excitation light source includes a light source that emits light in a wavelength region that causes phytoplankton to emit chlorophyll fluorescence, and light in a wavelength region that causes the microorganisms stained with the fluorescent staining reagent to emit fluorescence. Since two types of light sources different from the light source that emits light are used, it becomes possible to detect phytoplankton that is difficult for fluorescent staining reagents to be taken in by a light source that emits light in the wavelength range that emits chlorophyll fluorescence. Both plant and animal plankton can be detected without omission in a short time.
- the excitation light source is arranged so that excitation light orthogonal to the surface to be irradiated of the sample container is incident, while the light receiving means has its light receiving surface. Is arranged so that the fluorescence emission is received at an angle orthogonal to the excitation light of the excitation light source.
- the excitation light source is arranged such that excitation light orthogonal to the irradiated surface of the sample container is incident, while the light receiving means
- the surface is arranged so that the fluorescence emission is received at an angle orthogonal to the excitation light of the excitation light source, so that the excitation light from the excitation light source does not directly enter the light receiving surface of the light receiving means, and the back
- the difference in the amount of light between the ground and the fluorescence emission of the microorganism becomes very clear, and the detection accuracy of the microorganism is improved.
- the control means includes the number n1 of microorganisms obtained by chlorophyll fluorescence emission, the number n2 of microorganisms obtained by fluorescence emission by fluorescence staining reagents, and the fluorescence by chlorophyll fluorescence emission and fluorescence staining reagents. It is characterized in that after obtaining the number of microorganisms n3 acquired by both luminescence, a calculation unit is provided for calculating the allowable number of microorganisms N which is a discharge standard for ballast water.
- the control means includes the number n1 of microorganisms acquired by chlorophyll fluorescence emission, the number n2 of microorganisms acquired by fluorescence emission by a fluorescence staining reagent, and the chlorophyll fluorescence emission and fluorescence staining reagents.
- the number of microorganisms n3 is estimated as the allowable number N of the complemented number of microorganisms. This permissible number N can be applied by appropriately evaluating the number of microorganisms and strictly evaluating the ballast water drainage standard (D-2) in the same manner as in practice.
- the method for inspecting microorganisms according to the present invention is a method for inspecting microorganisms for measuring the amount of microorganisms in a sample solution, and stirring and mixing a sample solution in which a fluorescent staining reagent is added to a sample in a batch type sample container.
- the phytoplankton is excited by a light source that emits light in a wavelength region that emits chlorophyll fluorescence, and is also excited by a light source that emits light in a wavelength region that causes fluorescence emission of microorganisms stained with the fluorescent staining reagent.
- the microorganism number estimation step includes the number of microorganisms n1 acquired by chlorophyll fluorescence emission, the number of microorganisms n2 acquired by fluorescence emission using a fluorescence staining reagent, and the chlorophyll fluorescence emission and fluorescence staining reagent. After obtaining the individual number n3 of the microorganisms obtained by both of the fluorescence emission by the above, the allowable number N of microorganisms serving as a ballast water drainage standard is calculated.
- a method for detecting phytoplankton in which a fluorescent staining reagent is difficult to be taken in by a light source that emits light in a wavelength range that emits chlorophyll fluorescence is realized. Both animal plankton can be detected without omission.
- the microorganism estimation step subtracts the number of microorganisms n2 obtained by fluorescence emission using a fluorescent staining reagent from the number of microorganisms n3 obtained by both chlorophyll fluorescence emission and fluorescence emission by a fluorescence staining reagent. And calculating the number of zooplankton individuals.
- the microorganism estimation step the number of microorganisms n2 obtained by fluorescence emission with a fluorescent staining reagent from the number of microorganisms n3 obtained with both chlorophyll fluorescence emission and fluorescence emission with a fluorescence staining reagent. It is possible to calculate and count only the number of zooplankton individuals.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the whole of the microorganism testing apparatus of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan sectional view of the same measurement unit
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the same.
- an inspection apparatus 1 of the present invention includes a main body 2 that incorporates a control mechanism such as a CPU board and performs information processing work such as measurement results and statistical processing work,
- a display formed by a liquid crystal touch panel that is arranged in parallel with the main body 2 and that corresponds to an operation button or the like that reacts by touching the screen with a finger and displays the measurement result and the like.
- a batch type sample container 4 formed of a transparent material (for example, glass, quartz, acrylic resin, etc.) that transmits light, and optically counts the number of microorganisms in the sample solution S
- the measuring unit 5 is configured as a main part.
- Reference numeral 6 denotes a rotor for stirring the sample solution S accommodated in the sample container 4.
- a sample, a luminescent reagent (a sample and a luminescent reagent are combined to form a sample solution S), and a rotor 6 are accommodated.
- the rotor 6 is rotationally driven by the magnetic stirrer incorporated in the measurement part 5. Thereby, the number of microorganisms in the sample solution S can be counted while stirring and mixing the sample solution S in the sample container 4 at a predetermined temperature.
- the microorganisms emit bright light in a very short time, and the amount of microorganisms in the ballast water can be measured easily and in a short time.
- the dimensions of the inspection apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 are 300 mm in width, 350 mm in depth, 130 mm in height, and about 2 to 5 kg in weight, and are handheld trunks and rucksacks (also called “backpacks”). (Both are not shown) and can be carried anywhere. It is designed so that it can be driven by an AC power source or a battery, and can be measured inside a ship or measured outdoors.
- the sample container 4 is formed of a transparent material that transmits light, has a bottom surface of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm and a height of 60 mm, and has an inner volume of 100 ml when the water level is 40 mm ( Milliliters).
- the sample container 4 is not limited to such a prismatic shape, and may be cylindrical or cubic as long as the internal volume can be secured about 100 ml (milliliter).
- the measurement unit 5 includes a sample container storage unit 7 that stores and holds the sample container 4, and a light source unit 8 that emits excitation light toward the sample container 4. And a light receiving unit 9 for observing microorganisms floating in the sample container 4 by the excitation light emitted from the light source unit 8.
- the light receiving unit 9 counts the number of microorganisms in the sample solution S, and is electrically connected to the CPU substrate 10 that performs information processing operations such as measurement results and statistical processing operations.
- the sample container storage unit 7 is formed by holding plates 7a and 7b surrounding at least two surfaces of the sample container 4, and stores and holds the sample container 4 so as not to block light irradiation from the light source unit 8. It is.
- the light source unit 8 includes an LED light source 8 disposed in the vicinity of the sample container housing unit 7 and a parallel light conversion unit 11 that is disposed in front of the LED light source 8 and converts diffused light into parallel light. Since the light is diffused and irradiated in a random direction, the sample container 4 is irradiated with excitation light composed of parallel light and a parallel light so that the light rays are uniformly irradiated at the same angle toward one surface. And an excitation light band-pass filter 12 to be used.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of the parallel light converting means 11.
- a threaded hole 51 having a predetermined diameter is formed in a flat plate 50 having a predetermined thickness as the parallel light converting means 11, and the thickness L of the flat plate 50 and the threaded cutting are adjusted in accordance with the optical path length.
- the hole diameter of the hole 51 is appropriately set.
- the scattered light with the incident angle ⁇ irradiated from the LED light source 8 is converted into parallel light when passing through the screw hole 51.
- the optimum condition of ⁇ and L is determined by the SN ratio test. For example, if M3 (the outer diameter of the screw hole) ⁇ 0.5 (pitch), ⁇ is 9. It was optimal when the angle was 5 ° and L was 15 mm.
- the parallel light converting means 11 shown in FIG. 5B is provided with a convex lens 53 on the front surface of the LED light source 8, and the diffused light emitted from the LED light source 8 passes through the convex lens 53 and is emitted to the outside. Is converted into parallel light.
- the light source part 8 of this embodiment used the LED light source as a light source, if the fluorescent substance contained in microorganisms can be excited, it will not be limited to an LED light source but a parallel light LED light source which can irradiate parallel light A laser light source or a light bulb can also be used. Needless to say, the parallel light conversion means 11 described above is not necessary when a parallel light LED, a laser light source, or a light bulb capable of emitting parallel light is employed.
- the said light-receiving part 9 is provided so that the light-receiving surface F may be arrange
- FIG. The light receiving unit 9 is a photomultiplier tube arranged and configured so that the fluorescent light is received by the optical axis perpendicular to the parallel light irradiated with the excitation light from the LED light source 8 toward the sample container 4.
- a fluorescent bandpass filter 13 disposed in front of the photomultiplier tube (PMT) 9
- a condensing lens 14 disposed in front of the fluorescent bandpass filter 13, and the condensing lens
- a slit 15 disposed on the front surface of the lens 14 and a gap between the slit 15 and the sample container 4 are used to excite a fluorescent substance contained in the microorganism, thereby condensing and imaging the emitted fluorescence.
- a relay lens 16 16.
- the slit 15 narrows the observation surface in a slit shape. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the background in which the light receiving surface F is formed in a circle is monitored in the state without the slit in FIG. 6A, whereas the light receiving surface F in the state with the slit in FIG. The background formed by the vertical slits will be monitored. Accordingly, as a result of the monitoring area (monitoring range) of the observation surface F being narrowed as shown in FIG. 6B, the area of background fluorescent light emission that becomes noise is also narrowed, so that the ratio of the fluorescent light emission signal of the microorganism to the background fluorescent light emission is This improves the detection accuracy of fluorescence emission of microorganisms.
- the light receiving unit 9 uses a photomultiplier tube (PMT) as a light receiving sensor.
- PMT photomultiplier tube
- the light receiving unit 9 is not limited to this, and a silicon photodiode (SiPD) or an avalanche photodiode (APD) is used.
- SiPD silicon photodiode
- APD avalanche photodiode
- various photodetectors that can detect light emission of a fluorescent substance contained in a microorganism like a photomultiplier tube (PMT) can be employed.
- the LED light source 8 is a pair of an LED light source 8a (a light source similar to the conventional light source) that emits light in the green-blue wavelength range near 490 nm and an LED light source 8b that emits light in the blue-violet wavelength range near 450 nm.
- the LED light sources 8a and 8b are preferably provided in a pair so as to face each other with the sample container 4 interposed therebetween, and light on the LED light source 8b side is easily transmitted between the LED light sources 8a and 8b and the sample container 4.
- excitation light band-pass filters 12A and 12A that transmit light in the wavelength range of 395 to 505 nm are interposed. These wavelength ranges are merely examples, and can be appropriately changed according to conditions.
- a long-pass filter 17 that transmits wavelengths in the wavelength range of 510 nm or more, and a condensing lens 18 that is disposed between the front and rear of the long-pass filter 17. Is arranged.
- an output signal converted from light to electricity by a photomultiplier tube (PMT) 9 is analyzed by receiving power from an AC power source 21 or a secondary battery 22.
- the CPU board 10 is arranged for determining whether or not it is within an arbitrary luminance range, counting a pulse of an arbitrary luminance, performing on / off control of the LED light source 8, and the like.
- An AC / DC converter 24 is interposed between the AC power source 21 and the CPU board 10.
- the CPU board 10 is electrically connected to the photomultiplier tube (PMT) 9, the LED light source 8, a RAM 25 serving as a read / write storage unit, and a ROM 26 serving as a read-only storage unit. Further, it is electrically connected to a display / operation unit 3 formed by a liquid crystal touch panel or the like shown in FIG. As described later, on / off switching control is performed by pressing the power button 3a displayed on the liquid crystal touch panel, measurement is started by pressing the measurement start button 3b, and external control is performed by pressing the external output button 3c. Data is transferred to the printer or personal computer, and the type of measurement is switched by pressing the setting button 3d (L size microorganism measurement (3d1) or S size microorganism measurement (3d2)). By pressing the button 3e, it is possible to change the determination criteria setting, change the threshold setting, or change the measurement time setting.
- PMT photomultiplier tube
- a RAM 25 serving as a read / write storage unit
- ROM 26 serving as a read-only storage
- the CPU board 10 includes a magnetic stirrer 27 for rotating the rotor 6 by magnetic force, a cooling fan 28 for a control device, and an external output terminal 29 such as an RS-232C and a universal serial bus (USB) terminal. Is connected.
- a magnetic stirrer 27 for rotating the rotor 6 by magnetic force
- a cooling fan 28 for a control device
- an external output terminal 29 such as an RS-232C and a universal serial bus (USB) terminal. Is connected.
- USB universal serial bus
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a measurement flow, and the operation in the above configuration will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the worker turns on the power button 3a in the main body 2 and prepares by pressing the setting button 3d, the menu button 3e, etc. of the display / operation unit 3 including a liquid crystal touch panel. Thereafter, the measurement start button 3b is turned on. As a result, the LED light sources 8b and 8b for chlorophyll fluorescence are turned on (see step 2 in FIGS. 4 and 7), so that the light transmitted through the excitation light bandpass filters 12A and 12A (FIG. 4) enters the sample container 4. Will be irradiated.
- the photomultiplier tube (PMT) 9 light energy is converted into electric energy by utilizing the photoelectric effect, and a current amplification function is added to detect fluorescence emission of the chlorophyll component with high sensitivity.
- the detected electrical signal is sent to the CPU board 10 and the received light waveform exceeding a certain threshold value is counted (step 4 in FIG. 7).
- the CPU board 10 estimates the number of microorganisms present in 100 ml (milliliter) of water in the sample container 4 from the received light wave count value and displays it on the display / operation unit 3 (step 5 in FIG. 7).
- Prorocentrum micans The phytoplankton, Prorocentrum micans (Prorocentrum micans), was used as a test microorganism, and it was verified whether the number of individuals could be estimated by photomultiplier tube (PMT) 9 by chlorophyll fluorescence.
- PMT photomultiplier tube
- a plurality of horned beetles were housed together with water in a sample container 4 (100 mL capacity), and the number of waveform counts was detected (see FIGS. 12 and 13). As a result, it was possible to count the number of individuals 102 in FIG. 12 and the number of individuals 103 in FIG.
- the number of microorganisms can be estimated by chlorophyll fluorescence without absorbing FDA.
- the number of microorganisms at this time is stored as n1 (step 5 in FIG. 7).
- calcein AM As the fluorescent staining reagent, generally known calcein AM (Calcein-AM, manufactured by Promocell® GMBH®, Germany), FDA, or the like can be used. Calcein AM tends to stain phytoplankton, while FDA tends to stain zooplankton. Then, after the operator puts the rotor 6 into the sample container 4, it is accommodated in the measuring unit 5 of the inspection apparatus 1 and the lid 30 is attached to complete the preparation for measurement.
- the operator presses the S size setting button 3d2 (or L size 3d1) of the display / operation unit 3 and turns on the measurement start button 3b. Then, the rotor 6 is rotated by driving the magnetic stirrer 27 built in the measurement unit 5, and the sample solution S is stirred (step 8 in FIG. 7).
- the LED light sources 8a and 8a are turned on (see FIG. 4), and the light transmitted through the excitation light band-pass filters 12A and 12A is irradiated onto the sample container 4.
- the specimen (microorganism) in the sample container 4 emits fluorescence.
- This fluorescence passes through the fluorescence band-pass filter 15 and is detected by the photomultiplier tube (PMT) 9 (step 10 in FIG. 7).
- the electrical signal detected by the photomultiplier tube (PMT) 9 is sent to the CPU substrate 10 and the received light waveform exceeding a certain threshold value is counted (step 11 in FIG. 7). Further, the CPU substrate 10 estimates the number of microorganisms present in 100 ml (milliliter) of water in the sample container 4 from the received light wave count value and displays it on the display / operation unit 3. In the CPU board 10, the number of microorganisms at this time is stored as n2 (step 12 in FIG. 7).
- both the LED light sources 8a and 8a and the LED light sources 8b and 8b are simultaneously irradiated (step 13 in FIG. 7), and fluorescence is detected by the photomultiplier tube (PMT) 9, and the number of microorganisms at this time is determined.
- PMT photomultiplier tube
- n3 step 14 in FIG. 7
- the number n1 of microorganisms detected by the chlorophyll fluorescence emission the number n2 of microorganisms detected by fluorescence emission using a fluorescent staining reagent, and the microorganisms when the two types of LED light sources 8a and 8b are simultaneously irradiated.
- the relationship with the number of individuals n3 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a Venn diagram of a set relating to the number of microorganisms n1, n2, and n3 obtained by the above process.
- FIG. 8A is a logical sum set combining two sets of the number of individuals n1 and the number of individuals n2.
- the number of phytoplankton individuals that were difficult to absorb the fluorescent staining reagent that could not be detected in the past May not have been taken into account.
- the allowable number of microorganisms was evaluated to be less than actual, and the ballast water discharge standard (D-2) was to be evaluated more sweetly than actual.
- the allowable number of microorganisms can be obtained.
- the CPU board 10 estimates the number of microorganisms n3 when the two types of LED light sources 8a and 8b are simultaneously irradiated as the allowable number N of the supplemented number of microorganisms (step 15 in FIG. 7). Based on this, the allowable number N is displayed on the display / operation unit 3 (step 16 in FIG. 7). Since this allowable number N properly evaluates the number of microorganisms, the ballast water drainage standard (D-2) can be evaluated and applied in the same manner as in practice.
- D-2 ballast water drainage standard
- FIG. 8C is obtained by subtracting the number of microorganisms n2 detected with a fluorescent staining reagent from the number of microorganisms n3 when two types of LED light sources 8a and 8b are irradiated simultaneously.
- This set n3-n2 is obtained by subtracting a set n2 of only phytoplankton from a set n3 in which zooplankton and phytoplankton are mixed, and only the number of zooplankton individuals can be obtained.
- the number of microorganisms in the sample solution S accommodated in the main body 2, the display / operation unit 3 arranged in parallel with the main body 2, and the batch-type sample container 4 is optically calculated.
- a microbe inspection apparatus comprising a measuring unit 5 for counting automatically,
- the measurement unit 5 includes a sample container housing unit 7 that houses and holds the sample container 4, a light source unit 8 that emits excitation light toward the sample container 4, and excitation light emitted from the light source unit 8.
- a light receiving unit 9 for observing microorganisms drifting in the sample container 4 Two types of LED light sources 8a and 8b having different wavelength regions (in particular, an LED light source 8a that emits light in the vicinity of a green-blue wavelength region of 490 nm (a light source similar to the conventional light source)) and a blue-violet wavelength LED light source 8b that emits light in the region of 450 nm is used as a pair.) By detecting phytoplankton that is difficult to incorporate a fluorescent staining reagent in a short time, zooplankton and Both plankton can be detected without omission.
- FIG. 9 shows a modification 1 of the measurement unit characterized in that two kinds of LED light sources 8a and 8b are provided with dedicated bandpass filters 12A and 12B, respectively, with respect to the basic example of the measurement unit of FIG. 10 is different from the basic example of the measurement unit shown in FIG. 4 in that a dichroic mirror 31 capable of performing spectroscopy and two light receiving units 9A and 9B having sensitivity specific to the dispersed wavelength are provided. It is the modification 2 of a part.
- a long pass filter 33 having a wavelength range of 650 nm or more is interposed between the light receiving unit 9A and the dichroic mirror 31, and a band pass filter having a wavelength range of 510 to 550 nm is provided between the light receiving unit 9A and the dichroic mirror 31.
- FIG. 11 shows a filter wheel including a bandpass filter 32 having a wavelength range of 510 to 550 nm and a longpass filter 33 transmitting a wavelength range of 650 nm or more instead of a single longpass filter 17 in the basic example of the measurement unit of FIG. 34 is a third modification of the measurement unit characterized in that 34 is arranged.
- symbol 35 of FIG. 11 is a step motor which drives the filter wheel 34.
- the light source unit 8 includes two types having different wavelength regions. LED light sources 8a and 8b are provided, and a filter and a light-receiving unit specific to each light source are provided, so that phytoplankton that is difficult to incorporate a fluorescent staining reagent can be detected easily and in a short time. Both plankton and phytoplankton can be detected without omission.
- the CPU board 10 is configured to detect the number of microorganisms n1 acquired by chlorophyll fluorescence emission, the number of microorganisms n2 acquired by fluorescence emission by staining liquid, and the fluorescence emission by chlorophyll fluorescence emission and staining liquid. The number n3 of microorganisms obtained by both is obtained.
- the number of microorganisms n3 is obtained by complementing the number of phytoplankton individuals that are difficult to absorb the fluorescent staining reagent, and can be an appropriate number of allowed microorganisms.
- the CPU board 10 estimates the allowable number N of the supplemented number of microorganisms. And since this allowable number N properly evaluates the number of microorganisms, the ballast water drainage standard (D-2) can be evaluated and applied in the same manner as in practice. .
- the light receiving unit 9A mainly detects fluorescence emission of only phytoplankton, while the light reception unit 9B can detect fluorescence emission of both phytoplankton and zooplankton.
- the light receiving unit 9B detects a signal that is not detected by the light receiving unit 9A, this is estimated as zooplankton. be able to. Then, if this signal is counted, the number of zooplankton individuals can be grasped.
- the present invention can be applied to a microorganism testing apparatus for confirming whether or not the discharge standard is satisfied when discharging ballast water.
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Abstract
Description
バラスト水は、通常、搭載する海域と異なる海域に排出されるため、該バラスト水に含まれるプランクトンや細菌等の微生物を本来の生息地以外の海域に運び、生態系を破壊する等の問題を引き起こす虞がある。
これにより、検体の液体中の生物の染色工程、液体中の生物の濃縮工程、液体中の生物の情報取得の工程等をフロー方式で行えるため、各方式をバッチ方式で行う手法と比べて、ひとつの工程を終えた検体の一部が次の工程に進むまでの待機時間を大幅に短縮、または0とすることができ、待機時間での染色の状態の劣化を防ぐ意味で安定した生物の生死の情報を取得することができるといったメリットがある。
これにより、バッチ式の試料容器に試料と蛍光染色試薬とを添加した後、撹拌混合手段により試料容器の撹拌・混合を行い、次いで、前記試料溶液を撹拌しつつ前記試料容器の被照射面に励起光を入射させ、さらに、受光手段により微生物の蛍光発光を受光するため、撹拌しないで静置して計測するものと比較すれば、極めて短時間で微生物が明るく発光し、バラスト水中の微生物の量を簡便かつ短時間で計測することが可能となる。そして、バッチ式であるために装置を小型化することが可能となり、製造コストも安価となるといったメリットがある。
前記励起光源は、植物性プランクトンをクロロフィル蛍光発光させる波長域の光を発する光源と、蛍光染色試薬に染色された微生物を蛍光発光させる波長域の光を発する光源との異なる2種類の励起光源を用いる、という技術的手段を講じた。
前記励起工程は、植物性プランクトンをクロロフィル蛍光発光させる波長域の光を発する光源により励起させるとともに、蛍光染色試薬に染色された微生物を蛍光発光させる波長域の光を発する光源により励起させることを特徴とする。
前記微生物の検査方法によれば、前記微生物推定工程により、クロロフィル蛍光発光及び蛍光染色試薬による蛍光発光の両者で取得した微生物の個体数n3から蛍光染色試薬による蛍光発光によって取得した微生物の個体数n2を減算し、動物性プランクトンの個体数のみを演算し、計数することが可能となる。
まず、クロロフィル蛍光の測定から開始する。作業者はピペット等を使用し、バラスト水100ml(ミリリットル)を試料として採取し、試料容器4に投入する(図7のステップ1)。次に、検査装置1の測定部5に試料容器4を収容し、測定部5の蓋30を被着することで測定準備が完了する。
次に、図7に戻り染色液による蛍光の測定を説明する。上記クロロフィル蛍光発光の測定後の試料容器4を検査装置1から取出し(図7のステップ6)、取り出した試料容器4内に蛍光染色試薬を添加する(図7のステップ7)。
そして、LED光源8a,8a及びLED光源8b,8bの両者を同時照射させ(図7のステップ13)、蛍光を光電子増倍管(PMT)9により検知して、このときの微生物の個体数をn3として記憶する(図7のステップ14)。ここで、前記クロロフィル蛍光発光により検出した微生物の個体数n1と、蛍光染色試薬を用いた蛍光発光により検出した微生物の個体数n2と、2種のLED光源8a,8bを同時照射したときの微生物の個体数n3との関係につき、図8を用いて説明する。
前記測定部5は、試料容器4を収容して保持する試料容器収容部7と、該試料容器4に向けて励起光を照射する光源部8と、該光源部8から照射された励起光により試料容器4内で漂っている微生物を観察するための受光部9とを備えて構成され、
前記光源部8に、波長領域が異なる2種類のLED光源8a,8b(特に、緑青色系の波長域490nm付近の光を発するLED光源8a(従来と同様の光源)と、青紫色系の波長域450nm付近の光を発するLED光源8bとをペアで設ける。)を用いているので、蛍光染色試薬が取り込まれにくい植物性プランクトンを簡便かつ短時間で検出することで、動物性プランクトン及び植物性プランクトンの両者を漏れなく検出することができるようになった。
図10は図4の測定部の基本例に対し、分光可能なダイクロイックミラー31と、分光された波長に特有な感度を有する2個の受光部9A,9Bを配設したことを特徴とする測定部の変形例2である。受光部9Aとダイクロイックミラー31との間には波長域が650nm以上を透過するロングパスフィルタ33を介装し、受光部9Aとダイクロイックミラー31との間には波長域が510~550nmのバンドパスフィルタ32を介装してある。
図11は図4の測定部の基本例に対し、単数のロングパスフィルタ17の代わりに、波長域が510~550nmのバンドパスフィルタ32及び波長域が650nm以上を透過するロングパスフィルタ33からなるフィルタホイール34を配置したことを特徴とする測定部の変形例3である。なお、図11の符号35はフィルタホイール34を駆動するステップモータである。
CPU基板10は、補完された数の微生物の許容個体数Nとして推定する。そして、この許容個体数Nは、適正に微生物の数を評価しているから、バラスト水排水基準(D-2)を実際と同じように評価し、適用することができるといった作用・効果がある。
2 本体部
3 表示・操作部
4 試料容器
5 測定部
6 回転子
7 試料容器収容部
8 光源部
9 受光部
10 CPU基板
11 平行光変換手段
12 励起光用バンドパスフィルタ
13 蛍光用バンドパスフィルタ
14 集光用レンズ
15 スリット
16 リレーレンズ
17 ロングパスフィルタ
18 集光用レンズ
20 筐体
21 AC電源
22 二次電池
24 AC/DC変換器
25 RAM
26 ROM
27 マグネティックスターラ
28 冷却用ファン
29 外部出力端子
30 蓋
31 ダイクロイックミラー
32 バンドパスフィルタ
33 ロングパスフィルタ
34 フィルタホイール
35 ステップモータ
50 平板
51 ねじ切孔
53 凸レンズ
Claims (6)
- 試料溶液中の微生物量を測定するための微生物の検査装置であって、
光を透過する材質で形成されたバッチ式の試料容器に試料と蛍光染色試薬とを添加して試料溶液の撹拌・混合を行う撹拌混合手段と、
該撹拌混合手段により前記試料溶液を撹拌しつつ前記試料容器の被照射面に励起光を連続的に照射させる光源を備えた励起光源と、
該励起光源からの励起光により蛍光発光された光を検知する受光手段と、
該受光手段により検知した光を電気信号に変換して発光数を検出してカウントし、該発光数から前記試料容器中の試料に含まれる微生物量を算出する制御手段と、
該制御手段に電気的に接続されている操作部と、を備え、
前記励起光源は、植物性プランクトンをクロロフィル蛍光発光させる波長域の光を発する光源と、蛍光染色試薬に染色された微生物を蛍光発光させる波長域の光を発する光源との異なる2種類の励起光源を用いることを特徴とする微生物の検査装置。 - 前記励起光源は、前記試料容器の被照射面に対して直交した励起光が入射されるように当該励起光源を配設する一方、前記受光手段は、その受光面が前記励起光源の励起光と直交した角度で蛍光発光が受光されるように配設したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の微生物の検査装置。
- 前記制御手段は、クロロフィル蛍光発光によって取得した微生物の個体数n1と、蛍光染色試薬による蛍光発光によって取得した微生物の個体数n2と、クロロフィル蛍光発光及び蛍光染色試薬による蛍光発光の両者で取得した微生物の個体数n3とをそれぞれ求めた後に、バラスト水の排出基準となる許容微生物数Nを演算する演算部を備えてなる請求項1又は2記載の微生物の検査装置。
- 試料溶液中の微生物量を測定するための微生物の検査方法であって、
バッチ式の試料容器内で試料に蛍光染色試薬を添加した試料溶液の撹拌・混合を行う撹拌混合工程と、
前記試料溶液を撹拌しつつ前記試料容器の被照射面に励起光を連続的に照射する励起工程と、
前記励起工程により蛍光発光した微生物の蛍光をカウントする受光工程と、
該受光工程により検出した発光数から試料容器中の試料に含まれる微生物量を算出する微生物数推定工程とを備え、
前記励起工程は、植物性プランクトンをクロロフィル蛍光発光させる波長域の光を発する光源により励起させるとともに、蛍光染色試薬に染色された微生物を蛍光発光させる波長域の光を発する光源により励起させることを特徴とする微生物の検査方法。 - 前記微生物数推定工程は、クロロフィル蛍光発光によって取得した微生物の個体数n1と、蛍光染色試薬による蛍光発光によって取得した微生物の個体数n2と、クロロフィル蛍光発光及び蛍光染色試薬による蛍光発光の両者で取得した微生物の個体数n3とをそれぞれ求めた後に、バラスト水の排水基準となる許容微生物数Nを演算してなる請求項4記載の微生物の検査方法。
- 前記微生物推定工程は、クロロフィル蛍光発光及び蛍光染色試薬による蛍光発光の両者で取得した微生物の個体数n3から蛍光染色試薬による蛍光発光によって取得した微生物の個体数n2を減算して動物性プランクトンの個体数を演算してなる請求項5記載の微生物の検査方法。
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EP17878013.6A EP3553164B1 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-11-24 | Method for inspecting microorganisms, and apparatus for said method |
AU2017372183A AU2017372183B2 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-11-24 | Apparatus for inspecting microorganisms |
CN201780076057.1A CN110062805B (zh) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-11-24 | 微生物的检查方法及其装置 |
DK17878013.6T DK3553164T3 (da) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-11-24 | Fremgangsmåde til inspektion af mikroorganismer og apparatur til denne fremgangsmåde |
US16/467,671 US20200087611A1 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-11-24 | Microorganism testing method and apparatus for the same |
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WO2020239833A1 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | Faunaphotonics Agriculture & Environmental A/S | Detection of non-phytoplankton-eating zooplankton within a volume of water |
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WO2020239833A1 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | Faunaphotonics Agriculture & Environmental A/S | Detection of non-phytoplankton-eating zooplankton within a volume of water |
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CN110062805A (zh) | 2019-07-26 |
AU2017372183B2 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
AU2017372183A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
KR102390747B1 (ko) | 2022-04-25 |
KR20190094189A (ko) | 2019-08-12 |
EP3553164A1 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
DK3553164T3 (da) | 2022-08-01 |
CN110062805B (zh) | 2022-11-01 |
TW201821616A (zh) | 2018-06-16 |
US20200087611A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
EP3553164B1 (en) | 2022-05-11 |
EP3553164A4 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
TWI746719B (zh) | 2021-11-21 |
JP2018093758A (ja) | 2018-06-21 |
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