WO2018103177A1 - 齿轮自紧钻夹头和扁爪自紧钻夹头 - Google Patents

齿轮自紧钻夹头和扁爪自紧钻夹头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018103177A1
WO2018103177A1 PCT/CN2017/070154 CN2017070154W WO2018103177A1 WO 2018103177 A1 WO2018103177 A1 WO 2018103177A1 CN 2017070154 W CN2017070154 W CN 2017070154W WO 2018103177 A1 WO2018103177 A1 WO 2018103177A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
splicing
disposed
sleeve
conjugate
drill chuck
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Application number
PCT/CN2017/070154
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柳尧亭
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柳尧亭
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Publication date
Application filed by 柳尧亭 filed Critical 柳尧亭
Publication of WO2018103177A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018103177A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/12—Adapters for drills or chucks; Tapered sleeves

Definitions

  • the invention claims the Chinese patent application number 201611121590.9, and the application date is December 08, 2016, and the name is “the gear self-tightening chuck and the flat-claw self-tightening chuck”, and the above application is incorporated by way of introduction. this.
  • the invention relates to the field of machining equipment and the field of power tools, in particular to a gear self-tightening chuck and a flat-claw self-tightening chuck.
  • Drill chucks are tools commonly used in the machining industry and the power tool industry to clamp drills.
  • the drill chuck is generally composed of a drill jacket, a loosening ring, a connecting block and a back cover.
  • the axial positioning is realized by the connecting block, and the hub is moved by the circumferential direction to make the axial movement under the action of the internal thread of the elastic adjusting ring, accurately self-centering and clamping the drilling tool.
  • you need to use the drill chuck with different drilling tools such as center drill, drill bit, reamer, tap, etc.
  • Drill chucks on the market today are classified into three categories according to the clamping force: hand-tight drill chucks, wrench drill chucks and self-tightening drill chucks.
  • Each of the three drill chucks has advantages and disadvantages.
  • the hand drill chuck has low cost, convenient operation, light weight and wide application, but its clamping force is small and the precision is low;
  • the wrench drill chuck has low cost and wide application, but its operation is inconvenient; self-tightening
  • the drill chuck has large clamping force and high precision, but its cost is high, the weight is large, and the operation is inconvenient.
  • the anti-retraction device and the self-tightening drill chuck provided by the invention include a rear body, a front body, a plurality of clamping jaws and a driven bevel gear and a retaining device having the same number as the clamping jaw;
  • the rear body is disposed in the front body
  • One end of the rear body is provided with a driving bevel gear
  • the big end of the driving bevel gear is disposed at an end close to the rear body
  • the other end of the rear body is provided with a connecting portion for connecting with an external device
  • the driving bevel gear is disposed in the front body and meshed with the driven bevel gear
  • a plurality of the driven bevel gears are uniformly disposed with the axis of the driving bevel gear as a center line;
  • the inner bore of the driven bevel gear is provided with an internal thread
  • One end of the clamping jaw is provided with an external thread for use with the internal thread of the driven bevel gear
  • the front body is provided with a jaw hole capable of allowing the jaw to pass and a bevel gear hole for placing the driven bevel gear;
  • One end of the precursor is provided with a rear hole rotatably connected to the rear body;
  • the rear body, the driving bevel gear and the front body are coaxially arranged;
  • the anti-back device includes a front gusset and a rear gusset
  • a side of the front splicing member adjacent to the rear splicing body is provided with a first helical tooth
  • a side of the rear splicing member adjacent to the front splicing piece is provided with a second helical tooth
  • a plurality of the first helical teeth are evenly disposed around an axis of the front conjugate
  • a plurality of the second helical teeth are evenly disposed around an axis of the rear conjugate
  • the front conjugate is fixedly disposed on a side of the end cover away from the front body;
  • the first helical teeth are disposed on a side of the front splicing member away from the end cover;
  • the rear gusset is fixedly coupled to the back sleeve and engaged with the front gusset.
  • the rear portion of the precursor is provided with an end cover for fixing the rear body in the rear hole of the precursor;
  • the inner ring of the front conjugate is provided with a protrusion or a groove
  • the end cover is provided with a groove or a protrusion
  • the protrusion is disposed in the groove, and the end cover and the front yoke can be rotated together in the radial direction, and only the sliding key can be slidably connected in the axial direction.
  • a side of the front splicing member away from the rear splicing piece is provided with elastic means.
  • the elastic device is a corrugated spring or a compression spring.
  • one and only one face is perpendicular to the front splicing.
  • first helical teeth are disposed at an inner edge of the front conjugate
  • the second helical teeth are disposed at an inner edge of the rear conjugate
  • the first helical teeth are disposed at an outer edge of the front conjugate
  • the second helical teeth are disposed at an outer edge of the rear conjugate
  • the first helical teeth are disposed on a side of the front splicing pair adjacent to the rear splicing;
  • the second helical teeth are disposed on a side of the rear splicing member adjacent to the front splicing.
  • the gear self-tightening chuck further comprises an unlocking sleeve
  • the unlocking sleeve is coaxially disposed on the front body
  • An unlocking hook is disposed at an end of the unlocking sleeve away from the front body
  • the unlocking hook abuts the front splicer to separate the front splicer and the rear splicing.
  • unlocking sleeve is coaxially disposed with a rear sleeve away from an end of the front body
  • the back sleeve is disposed on the unlocking hook.
  • the invention also provides a flat claw self-tightening drill chuck, which comprises a rear sleeve, a rear body, a screw, a front body, a front sleeve and a plurality of jaws and a stopping device;
  • One end of the rear body is provided with an inner hole, and the inner hole is a threaded hole;
  • the screw is disposed in the inner hole and is screwed to the inner hole;
  • the end of the screw away from the rear body is provided with a jaw positioning portion
  • the jaw positioning portion is provided with a plurality of jaw positioning grooves, so that the jaws can only slide on the jaw positioning portion;
  • the other end of the rear body is provided with a connecting portion for connecting with an external device
  • One end of the rear sleeve is fixedly connected to the front body for fixing the rear body in the rear sleeve, so that the rear body can only rotate radially in the rear sleeve without going along the axial direction. Move; also ensure that the precursor does not rotate in the radial direction.
  • the front body is disposed in the inner hole of the front sleeve, and the front sleeve is fixedly connected with the rear sleeve to ensure that the front body does not move axially.
  • the front body is provided with a jaw slide, so that the jaw can only slide in the jaw slide;
  • the rear sleeve, the rear body, the front body, the screw, the front sleeve and the jaw positioning portion are coaxially disposed;
  • the anti-back device includes a front gusset and a rear gusset
  • a side of the front splicing member adjacent to the rear splicing body is provided with a first helical tooth
  • a side of the rear splicing member adjacent to the front splicing piece is provided with a second helical tooth
  • a plurality of the first helical teeth are evenly disposed around an axis of the front conjugate
  • a plurality of the second helical teeth are evenly disposed around an axis of the rear conjugate
  • the front conjugate is coupled to the rear of the back cover
  • the first helical teeth are disposed on a side of the front splicing body away from the front body;
  • the rear conjugate is fixedly coupled to the rear body and engages the front splicer.
  • a side of the back cover away from the front body is provided with a groove or a protrusion
  • the inner ring of the front conjugate is provided with a protrusion or a groove
  • the protrusion is disposed in the groove, and the back sleeve and the front joint can be rotated together in the radial direction to slide along the axial sliding key.
  • the present invention provides a gear self-tightening chuck and a flat-claw self-tightening chuck, which are respectively provided with a first helical tooth and a first joint on a front joint connected to the relevant component and on a rear joint engaged with the front joint.
  • the second helical tooth, and the working principle of only one-way rotation between the front splicing and the rear splicing when the first helical tooth and the second helical tooth are used, thereby ensuring that when the drill chuck is reversed, The drill bit will not be loosened, which ensures the normal operation of the self-tightening chuck.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a self-tightening drill chuck of a gear provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a front splicing device of a retaining device provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a rear splicing device of the retaining device provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic structural view of a front conjugate of the retaining device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing another structure of the rear splicing device of the retaining device provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a flat-claw self-tightening drill chuck provided by the present invention.
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • Connected, or integrally connected can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention provides a gear self-tightening drill chuck including a rear body 11, a precursor 7, a plurality of jaws 10 and a driven bevel gear 8 having the same number as the jaws and a retaining device;
  • the rear body 11 is disposed in the precursor 7;
  • One end of the rear body 11 is provided with a driving bevel gear 9;
  • the large end of the driving bevel gear 9 is disposed near one end of the rear body 11;
  • the other end of the rear body 11 is provided with a connecting portion for connecting with an external device
  • the driving bevel gear 9 is disposed in the front body 7 and meshes with the driven bevel gear 8;
  • a plurality of the driven bevel gears 8 are uniformly disposed with the axis of the driving bevel gear 9 as a center line;
  • the inner bore of the driven bevel gear 8 is provided with an internal thread
  • One end of the clamping jaw 10 is provided with an external thread for use with the internal thread of the driven bevel gear 8;
  • the front body 7 is provided with a jaw hole capable of allowing the jaw 10 to pass and a bevel gear hole for placing the driven bevel gear 8;
  • One end of the front body 7 is provided with a rear hole rotatably connected with the rear body 11;
  • the rear body 11, the driving bevel gear 9 and the front body 7 are coaxially arranged;
  • the stopping device comprises a front splicing 1 and a rear splicing 4;
  • a side of the front splicing 1 adjacent to the rear splicing 4 is provided with a first helical tooth 2;
  • a side of the rear splicing 4 adjacent to the front splicing 1 is provided with a second helical tooth 5;
  • a plurality of the first helical teeth 2 are evenly disposed around an axis of the front splicing 1;
  • a plurality of the second helical teeth 5 are evenly disposed around the axis of the rear joint 4;
  • the first helical teeth 2 are engaged with the second helical teeth 5, and when the rear splicing 4 or the front splicing 1 is rotated, only the front splicing 1 or the rear splicing 4 can be driven to rotate in one direction. ;
  • the front splicing 1 is fixedly disposed on a side of the front body 7 away from the front body 7;
  • the first helical tooth 2 is disposed on a side of the front zygote 1 away from the front body 7;
  • the rear gusset 4 is fixedly coupled to the rear sleeve 14 and engaged with the front splicing body 1.
  • both the front gusset 1 and the rear splicing 4 are provided with helical teeth, and the front splicing 1 and the rear splicing 4 pass through the first helical teeth 2 and the second oblique After the teeth 5 are engaged, they are connected Together, during the forward rotation of the drilling tool, the front and rear splicing bodies 4 can be rotated relative to each other until the drilling tool is clamped and automatically engaged with relative rest.
  • the front joint 1 and the rear joint 4 which are engaged after the clamp is fixedly connected to the front body 7 and the rear body 11 can be operated in the reverse direction. If the drill is to be replaced, the front joint 1 and the rear joint 4 can be disengaged, and the front joint 1 and the rear joint 4 can be reversely rotated to easily loosen the drill.
  • the function of the anti-retraction device is that the drilling chuck does not have any influence on the clamping force during the forward rotation of the drilling tool and the work after clamping, or the clamping of the drill chuck to the drilling tool There is no slight influence on the drill; when the drill chuck is reversed, the original clamping force of the drill chuck to the drill can be kept to the maximum, and the requirement of the drill chuck reverse work is completed. Otherwise, the self-tightening chuck cannot be reversed.
  • the forward rotation referred to in the present invention refers to the direction in which the drill is clamped.
  • the direction in which the front splicing 1 and the rear splicing 4 are clamped, or the direction in which the forward yaw is rotated, is exactly opposite.
  • the reversal is also.
  • the direction in which the drill chuck is reversely operated is the direction in which the rear yoke is reversed according to the present invention, and is also the direction in which the rear body is reversed.
  • the drill chuck when the drill chuck is reversed, it is necessary to ensure that the rear joint 4 drives the front joint 1 to rotate synchronously; when the drill chuck rotates forward, it is necessary to ensure that the drill is in the process of being loose to clamped.
  • the rear splicer cannot drive the front splicing 1 to rotate.
  • the first helical tooth 2 and the second helical tooth 5 are uniformly arranged in a circular shape around their respective axes to ensure the best effect.
  • the present invention is applicable to all self-tightening drill chucks that transmit power directly or indirectly through threads, directly or indirectly to the jaws 10, and drive the jaws 10 back and forth.
  • the driving bevel gear 9 and the rear body 11 are disposed together in the rear hole of the front body 7, and the driven bevel gear 8 is disposed in the bevel gear hole of the front body 7 and meshes with the driving bevel gear 9. Since the rear body 11 is disposed in the rear hole of the front body 7, the rear body 11 is rotatably coupled to the front body 7. In order to ensure the stability of the rear body 11 in the front body 7, it is prevented from being thrown out from the rear hole during the rotation, and the end cover is provided at the end of the rear body 11 away from the front body 7.
  • the front splicing 1 is fixedly disposed on a side of the end cover 12 away from the front body 7; the first slanting teeth 2 are disposed on a side of the front splicing 1 away from the end cover 12; the rear splicing 4 is fixedly connected to the rear sleeve 14 and The front zygoes 1 are engaged.
  • the front sleeve 6 may be disposed on the front body 7, or the front sleeve 6 may be integrally provided with the front body 7, the front body 7 and the front sleeve 6 and the end cover 12 are fixedly connected; the end cover 12 and the front end
  • the yoke 2 is a sliding key sliding connection in the axial direction and a fixed connection in the radial direction; the rear splicing 5 is fixedly connected to the rear body 11, and is also fixedly connected to the rear sleeve.
  • the process of loosening the drill to the clamping is to rotate the front sleeve or the lock sleeve by hand when the rear joint and the rear body are not rotating, and the front sleeve or the lock sleeve is driven to fix the axial direction.
  • the connected front body 7 re-synchronizes the end cover 12 and the front yoke 2 to rotate forwardly.
  • the front splicing piece slides forward along the end cover groove under the action of the two helical teeth, so that the front and rear splicing pieces are disengaged.
  • the front and rear joints are in a relatively static state, and automatically mesh with each other under the action of the elastic member 13, and the front body 7 and the rear body 11 are fixedly connected together;
  • the rear sleeve is simultaneously rotated in the forward direction, and the front body 7 and the front joint 2, the rear body 11 and the rear joint 5 are rotated in opposite directions, until the drilling tool is engaged, and the front and rear joints are engaged. So far, you can start the normal operation of the drill chuck whether it is forward or reverse.
  • the rear body will drive the rear splicing and make a slight positive rotation with respect to the front splicing, while the front splicing piece does not rotate, and after being relatively stationary again, The front and rear zygotes are automatically meshed together. Start the normal working state of the drill chuck.
  • the front and rear splicing pieces can be rotated relative to each other until the drilling tool is clamped and automatically engaged with relative rest.
  • the rear portion of the front body 7 is provided with an end cover 12 or a circlip ring for fixing the rear body 11 in the rear hole of the front body 7;
  • the inner ring of the front splicing 1 is provided with a protrusion 3 or a groove;
  • the end cover 12 or the rear portion of the front body 7 is provided with a groove or a protrusion
  • the protrusion 3 is disposed in the groove, and the front body 7 and the front joint piece 1 can be rotated together in the radial direction, and only the sliding key can be slidably connected in the axial direction.
  • the protrusion and the groove may be arranged in such a manner that the protrusion is disposed on the front joint 1 or the protrusion is disposed on the front body 7 as long as the corresponding groove is disposed on the front body 7 or the front joint. You can do it on sub-1.
  • the front body 7 and the end cover 12 may be integrally provided or may be separately provided as long as the front splicing can be driven.
  • the front side of the front gusset 1 away from the rear gusset 4 is provided with a resilient means 13.
  • the elastic means 13 is provided on the side of the front joint 1 away from the rear joint 4, and by the arrangement of the elastic means 13, it is possible to always have a certain pressure between the front joint 1 and the rear joint 4.
  • the elastic device 13 is disposed on the side of the front splicing 1 away from the rear splicing 4, and may also be disposed on the side of the rear splicing 4 away from the front splicing 1, that is, It is said that as long as it can ensure direct contact between the front gusset 1 and the rear splicing 4, it is also ensured that the front splicing 1 or the rear splicing 4 has sufficient elastic space for the rear splicing 4 When the front yoke 1 is rotated without rotating, the front yoke 1 or the rear splicing 4 has sufficient space to move.
  • the elastic device 13 is a corrugated spring or a compression spring.
  • the elastic means 13 is a corrugated spring or a compression spring
  • the front yoke 1 has a sufficient elastic space by a corrugated spring or a compression spring.
  • the elastic device 13 is a corrugated spring or a compression spring, but it is not limited to the above two devices, and may be other elastic devices 13, such as a device such as a spring piece or a rubber band. It is sufficient as long as the front splicing element 1 and the rear splicing element 4 can be kept in contact at all times and can be separated at any time.
  • one or only one of all faces constituting the first helical tooth 2 is perpendicular to the front splicing 1 .
  • first helical tooth 2 there is a plane parallel to the front splicing 1 and in the second helical tooth 5, there is a plane parallel to the rear splicing 4.
  • the plane of the first helical tooth 2 parallel to the front joint 1 abuts the rear joint 4
  • the plane of the second helical tooth 5 parallel to the rear joint 4 abuts the front joint 1, thereby enabling the front joint
  • the perfect combination between 1 and the rear splicing 4, the gap is small, which in turn can reduce the volume of the entire retort, and also ensure the immediate response of the tang 1 when the gusset 4 is rotated.
  • the first helical teeth 2 are disposed at an inner edge of the front splicing 1;
  • the second helical teeth 5 are disposed at an inner edge of the rear splicing 4;
  • the first helical teeth 2 are disposed at an outer edge of the front splicing 1;
  • the second helical teeth 5 are disposed at an outer edge of the rear splicing 4;
  • the first helical teeth 2 are disposed on a side of the front splicing 1 adjacent to the rear splicing 4;
  • the second helical teeth 5 are disposed on the side of the rear splicing 4 adjacent to the front splicing body 1.
  • the first helical teeth 2 and the second helical teeth 5 are arranged in three ways.
  • the first way is to place the first helical tooth 2 at the inner edge of the front splicing 1 while the second helical tooth 5 is disposed at the inner edge of the rear splicing 4, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the meshing positions of the first helical teeth 2 and the second helical teeth 5 are internal, and a specific structure is not seen from the outside, which makes the entire apparatus more beautiful.
  • the second way is to place the first helical tooth 2 at the outer edge of the front splicing 1 while the second helical tooth 5 is disposed at the outer edge of the rear splicing 4, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the meshing position of the first helical tooth 2 and the second helical tooth 5 can be directly observed externally, and can be used for the front splicing 1 when the rear splicing 4 is rotated forward and the front splicing 1 is not rotated.
  • the engagement of the rear splicing 4 is intuitively judged.
  • the third way is to arrange the first helical teeth 2 on the entire side of the front splicing 1 near the rear splicing 4, and the second helical teeth 5 are arranged on the entire side of the rear splicing 4 near the front splicing 1.
  • Such an arrangement can directly observe the meshing condition of the front joint 1 and the rear joint 4, and extend the engagement length of the front joint 1 and the rear joint 4, thereby ensuring the stability of the force between the two.
  • the first helical teeth 2 are disposed after the front splicing head 1 is close to the rear.
  • the entire side of the sub-four, the second helical teeth 5 are disposed at the inner or outer edge of the rear gusset 4, that is, as long as the front zygote 1 can be rotated by the reversal of the rear splicing 4, the rear splicing 4
  • the front splicer 1 does not rotate when it is rotated.
  • the gear self-tightening chuck further includes an unlocking sleeve 17;
  • the unlocking sleeve 17 is coaxially disposed on the front body 7;
  • the unlocking sleeve 17 is disposed away from the end of the front sleeve 6 with an unlocking hook 18;
  • the unlocking hook 18 abuts against the front splicing 1 and is capable of separating the front splicing 1 and the rear splicing 4 .
  • the front splicing element 1 can be pulled in the direction of the front body 7, so that the front splicing element 1 presses the elastic means 13 to separate the front splicing element 1 from the rear splicing element 4, and then engages after the reverse rotation.
  • the front splicing piece 1 is not rotated together; when the splicing piece 4 is driven to rotate the front splicing piece 1 when necessary, the unlocking sleeve 17 and the unlocking hook 18 are released, and under the action of the elastic device 13, the front splicing piece 1 moves in the direction of the rear splicing 4, and the front splicing 1 and the rear splicing 4 are automatically meshed together to perform reverse synchronous rotation.
  • the unlocking sleeve 17 is coaxially disposed with one end of the front sleeve 6 is provided with a rear sleeve 14;
  • the rear sleeve 14 is sleeved on the unlocking hook 18.
  • the unlocking hook 18 can be protected from external environment damage to the unlocking hook 18.
  • the unlocking sleeve 17 is disposed on the side close to the external device, and the unlocking hook is disposed at the end of the rear splicing 4 near the front splicing unit 1 18, the unlocking hook 18 abuts the side of the rear joint 4 near the front joint 1, and an elastic member is disposed between the rear joint 4 and the end (bottom) portion of the rear sleeve 14 as long as the unlocking sleeve 17 is connected to the outer device.
  • the disengaged state of the front gusset 1 and the rear splicing 4 can be achieved.
  • the separation of the front and rear joints 4 is achieved by pulling the unlocking hooks 18 in the direction of the elastic members, but it is not limited to this manner, and it may also be an unlocking hook.
  • 18 is arranged to push the yoke adjacent to the elastic member, and the state in which the front yoke 1 and the rear splicing 4 are disengaged can also be achieved, that is, as long as the front yoke 1 and the rear yoke 4 can be disengaged, that is, can.
  • the present invention also provides a self-tightening chuck, as shown in FIG. 6, which includes a rear sleeve 14, a rear body 11, a screw 15, a front body 7, a front sleeve 6 and a plurality of jaws 10, and a retaining device;
  • One end of the rear body 11 is provided with an inner hole, and the inner hole is a threaded hole;
  • the screw 15 is disposed in the inner hole and is screwed to the inner hole;
  • the screw 15 is disposed away from the end of the rear body 11 with a positioning portion of the clamping jaw 10;
  • the positioning portion of the clamping jaw 10 is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves 10 for the clamping jaws 10, so that the clamping jaws 10 can only slide on the positioning portion of the clamping jaws 10;
  • the other end of the rear body 11 is provided with a connecting portion for connecting with an external device
  • One end of the rear sleeve 14 is fixedly connected to the front body 7 for fixing the rear body 11 in the rear sleeve 14, so that the rear body 11 can only rotate radially in the rear sleeve 14 without Will move in the axial direction;
  • the front body 7 is provided with a jaw slide 16 so that the jaw 10 can only slide in the jaw slide 16; and the jaw positioning portion of the other end of the screw 15 is provided in the inner hole. Cooperating with the jaw 10 and the jaw sliding groove to ensure that the jaw can only move back and forth in the axial direction.
  • the front sleeve 6 is fixedly connected to the rear sleeve 14, and the front body 7 is disposed in the inner hole of the front sleeve 6, ensuring that the front body 7 does not move axially.
  • the rear sleeve 14, the rear body 11, the front body 7, the screw 15 and the positioning portion of the jaw 10 and the front sleeve 6 are coaxially disposed;
  • the front splicing 1 is slidably connected to the rear sleeve 14;
  • the first helical tooth 2 is disposed on a side of the front splicing 1 away from the front body 7;
  • the rear splicer is fixedly coupled to the rear body 11 and meshes with the front splicer 1.
  • the present invention is applicable to all self-tightening drill chucks that transmit power directly or indirectly through threads, directly or indirectly, to the jaws 10, driving the jaws back and forth.
  • the front splicing 1 is connected to the rear sleeve 14; the first helical teeth 2 are disposed on the side of the front splicing 1 away from the front body 7; The zygote is fixedly coupled to the rear body 11 and meshes with the front splicer 1.
  • the rear sleeve 14 is disposed at the end of the rear body 11 away from the front body 7, and the rear sleeve 14 and the precursor 7 is fixedly connected by a thread or a concave-convex groove, and then the rear body 11 is fixed on the front inner hole of the rear sleeve 14 and the rear hole of the front body 7, so that the rear body 11 can only perform radial rotation and cannot move axially.
  • the stability of the rear body 11 during operation is ensured.
  • the front sleeve 6 and the rear sleeve 14 are fixedly connected by screws, and the front body 7 is fixed inside the front sleeve 6, so that the front body 7 cannot be moved axially, and the front body 7 passes through the thread or the concave and convex groove and the rear sleeve 14
  • the fixed connection can ensure that the rear body 11 can only rotate radially, can not move axially, and can ensure that the front body 7 cannot rotate radially.
  • the rear body 11 is disposed in the rear sleeve 14.
  • the rear end of the rear body 11 is provided with an internal thread, and is screwed to the screw thread 16 provided with the external thread.
  • the screw rod 16 is provided with a clamping claw fixing groove at one end of the front body.
  • the clamping claw fixing groove is disposed in the inner hole of the front body 7.
  • the end of the front body 7 away from the rear body is provided with a jaw sliding groove.
  • the threaded screw is synchronously driven.
  • the screw re-synchronizes the jaws 10 to move back and forth on the jaw sliding grooves of the front body 7 to realize the clamping or releasing operation of the jaws 10.
  • the front side of the front joint 1 is provided with a protrusion, and the outer side of the rear sleeve 14 is provided with an axial groove.
  • the front joint 1 and the rear sleeve 14 are radially fixedly connected away from the end of the front body, and the axial sliding key is slidably connected, and the spring 13
  • the front joint 1 is disposed near the end of the front body, and the rear sleeve 14 is away from the end of the front body.
  • the rear joint 4 and the rear end of the rear body are fixed to the rear body.
  • the side of the back cover away from the front body is provided with a groove along the axial direction;
  • the inner ring of the front splicing 1 is provided with a protrusion 3;
  • the protrusion 3 is disposed in the groove, and the back sleeve 14 and the front joint piece 1 can be rotated together in the radial direction to slide in the axial sliding key.
  • an unlocking sleeve 17 is also provided, and the unlocking sleeve 17 is sleeved on the outside of the side of the rear sleeve 14 away from the front body 7.
  • the unlocking sleeve 17 and the rear sleeve 14 are fixedly connected in the radial direction and are axially slidable. The key slides the connection.
  • the unlocking sleeve 17 is provided with an unlocking hook 18, and the unlocking hook 18 is disposed on the front joint 1 and the rear joint 4 between.
  • the front nipple 1 and the rear gusset 4 are in an automatically engaged state in the state in which the drill chuck is in a stationary state or after the drilling of the drill.
  • unlocking sleeve 17 can also be sleeved on the outside of the rear joint 4, and the unlocking hook 18 is disposed between the front joint 1 and the rear joint 4, regardless of whether the lock sleeve 17 is pushed or pulled, and the lock hook 18 is also A state in which the front yoke 1 and the rear splicer 4 are engaged can be achieved.
  • the anti-retraction device and the self-tightening chuck provided by the present invention respectively provide a first helical tooth 2 and a second helical tooth 5 through the front joint 1 and the rear joint 4, and then the first helical tooth 2 and the second oblique
  • the tooth 5 acts, only one-way rotation can be performed between the front joint 1 and the rear joint 4, thereby ensuring that the drill bit is not loosened when the drill chuck is reversed, and the self-tightening chuck is ensured.

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Abstract

齿轮自紧钻夹头和扁爪自紧钻夹头，通过在与相关部件连接的前接合子（1）上的第一斜齿（2）与后接合子（4）上的第二斜齿（5）相啮合，利用第一斜齿（2）和第二斜齿（5）作用时的前接合子和后接合子之间只能进行单向的转动的工作原理，保证了在钻夹头反转时，不会将钻头松开，保证了自紧钻夹头的正常工作。

Description

齿轮自紧钻夹头和扁爪自紧钻夹头
本发明要求中国专利申请号201611121590.9，申请日为2016年12月08日，名称为“齿轮自紧钻夹头和扁爪自紧钻夹头”的优先权，上述申请通过全文引入的方式合并于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及机加工器械领域和电动工具领域，尤其是涉及一种齿轮自紧钻夹头和扁爪自紧钻夹头。
背景技术
钻夹头是机械加工行业和电动工具行业普遍使用夹持钻具的工具。
钻夹头一般是由钻夹套、松紧拨环、连接块、后盖组成。在钻夹套中，其轴向定位是利用连接块来实现的，通过圆周向拨动插孔，使在松紧拨环内螺纹的作用下轴向移动，精确地自动定心并夹紧钻具，工作时需要采用装有不同钻具(如中心钻、钻头、铰刀、丝锥等)的钻夹头时，可以松开定位螺钉，转动扇形体到所需位置后，紧固定位螺钉，实现钻夹头多工位的移动。
现在市场上的钻夹头，按照夹持力从大到小分为三类：手紧钻夹头、扳手钻夹头和自紧钻夹头。三种钻夹头各有优缺点。其中，手紧钻夹头成本低，操作方便，重量轻，应用广泛，但是其夹持力小，精度较低；扳手钻夹头的成本较低，应用广泛，但是其操作较为不方便；自紧钻夹头夹紧力大，精度较高，但是其成本较高，重量较大，且操作不方便。
随着时代的发展，由于自紧钻夹头的精度较高而使其应用越来越多，
现目前市场的自紧钻夹头主要有四种结构，分别为扁爪自紧钻夹头、齿轮自紧钻夹头和内螺纹及外螺纹自紧钻夹头。其中只有扁爪自紧钻夹头应用较多，其他三种在市场上只见文献，不见或是很少见到产品。
这四种结构的钻夹头均是通过单头螺纹将动力传递到夹爪上，实现夹 爪在前体夹爪孔里的前后移动，进而实现夹紧或松开钻具。
但是，在现有的方案中，在进行夹紧后，钻夹头反转工作时，容易将钻夹头松开，使钻头脱落，无法完成反转的工作。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种止退装置和自紧钻夹头，以解决现有技术中存在的技术问题。
本发明提供的止退装置和自紧钻夹头，包括后体、前体、多个夹爪和与所述夹爪数量相同的从动锥齿轮以及止退装置；
所述后体设置在所述前体内；
所述后体的一端设置有主动锥齿轮；
所述主动锥齿轮的大端设置在靠近所述后体的一端；
所述后体的另一端设置有用于与外接设备连接的连接部；
所述主动锥齿轮设置在所述前体内，且与所述从动锥齿轮啮合；
多个所述从动锥齿轮以所述主动锥齿轮的轴线为中心线均匀设置；
所述从动锥齿轮的内孔设置有内螺纹；
所述夹爪的一端设置有与所述从动锥齿轮的所述内螺纹配合使用的外螺纹；
所述前体上设置有能够允许所述夹爪通过的夹爪孔和用于放置所述从动锥齿轮的锥齿轮孔；
所述前体的一端设置有与所述后体转动连接的后孔；
所述后体、所述主动锥齿轮和所述前体同轴设置；
所述止退装置包括前接合子和后接合子；
所述前接合子靠近所述后接合子的一侧设置有第一斜齿；
所述后接合子靠近所述前接合子的一侧设置有第二斜齿；
多个所述第一斜齿绕所述前接合子的轴线均匀设置；
多个所述第二斜齿绕所述后接合子的轴线均匀设置；
所述第一斜齿与所述第二斜齿啮合，能够使所述后接合子或前接合子转动时，只能带动所述前接合子或后接合子单向转动；
所述前接合子固定设置在所述端盖远离所述前体的一侧；
所述第一斜齿设置在所述前接合子远离所述端盖的一侧；
所述后接合子与所述后套固定连接，且与所述前接合子啮合。
进一步的，所述前体后部设置有将后体固定在前体后孔内的端盖；
所述前接合子的内圈上设置有凸起或凹槽；
所述端盖上设置有凹槽或凸起；
所述凸起设置在所述凹槽内，能够使所述端盖和所述前接合子沿径向一同转动，且在轴向只能滑键滑动连接。
进一步的，所述前接合子远离所述后接合子的一侧设置有弹性装置。
进一步的，所述弹性装置为波纹簧或压簧。
进一步的，构成所述第一斜齿的所有面中，有且只有一个面与所述前接合子垂直。
进一步的，所述第一斜齿设置在所述前接合子的内沿处；
所述第二斜齿设置在所述后接合子的内沿处；
或，
所述第一斜齿设置在所述前接合子的外沿处；
所述第二斜齿设置在所述后接合子的外沿处；
或，
所述第一斜齿布满设置在所述前接合子靠近所述后接合子的侧面上；
所述第二斜齿布满设置在所述后接合子靠近所述前接合子的侧面上。
进一步的，齿轮自紧钻夹头还包括开锁套；
所述开锁套同轴设置所述前体上；
所述开锁套远离所述前体的一端设置有开锁钩；
所述开锁钩与所述前接合子抵接，能够将所述前接合子和所述后接合子分离。
进一步的，所述开锁套远离所述前体的一端同轴设置有后套；
所述后套套设在所述开锁钩上。
本发明还提供了一种扁爪自紧钻夹头，其包括后套、后体、螺杆、前体、前套和多个夹爪以及止退装置；
所述后体的一端设置有内孔，所述内孔为螺纹孔；
所述螺杆设置在所述内孔内，且与所述内孔螺纹连接；
所述螺杆远离所述后体的一端设置有夹爪定位部；
所述夹爪定位部上设置有多个夹爪定位槽，能够使所述夹爪只能在所述夹爪定位部上滑动；
所述后体的另一端设置有用于与外接设备连接的连接部；
所述后套的一端与所述前体固定连接，用于将所述后体固定在所述后套内，能够使后体只能在后套内径向转动，而不会沿着轴向方向移动；也同时保证前体不会沿径向转动。
所述前体设置在所述前套内孔中，所述前套与所述后套固定连接，确保前体不会进行轴向移动。
所述前体上设置有夹爪滑道，能够使所述夹爪只能在所述夹爪滑道内进行滑动；
所述后套、所述后体、所述前体、所述螺杆、所述前套和所述夹爪定位部同轴设置；
所述止退装置包括前接合子和后接合子；
所述前接合子靠近所述后接合子的一侧设置有第一斜齿；
所述后接合子靠近所述前接合子的一侧设置有第二斜齿；
多个所述第一斜齿绕所述前接合子的轴线均匀设置；
多个所述第二斜齿绕所述后接合子的轴线均匀设置；
所述第一斜齿与所述第二斜齿啮合，能够使所述后接合子或前接合子转动时，只能带动所述前接合子或后接合子单向转动；
所述前接合子与所述后套的后部连接；
所述第一斜齿设置在所述前接合子远离所述前体的一侧；
所述后接合子与所述后体固定连接，且与所述前接合子啮合。
进一步的，所述的后套的远离前体的一侧设置有凹槽或凸起；
所述前接合子的内圈上设置有凸起或凹槽；
所述凸起设置在所述凹槽内，能够使所述后套和所述前接合子沿径向一同转动，沿轴向滑键滑动。
本发明提供的齿轮自紧钻夹头和扁爪自紧钻夹头，通过在与相关部件连接的前接合子上以及在与前接合子啮合的后接合子上分别设置第一斜齿和第二斜齿，再利用第一斜齿和第二斜齿的作用时的前接合子和后接合子之间只能进行单向的转动的工作原理，进而保证了在钻夹头反转时，不会将钻头松开，保证了自紧钻夹头的正常工作。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的齿轮自紧钻夹头的结构示意图；
图2为本发明提供的止退装置的前接合子的结构示意图；
图3为本发明提供的止退装置的后接合子的结构示意图；
图4为本发明提供的止退装置的前接合子的另一种结构示意图；
图5为本发明提供的止退装置的后接合子的另一种结构示意图；
图6为本发明提供的扁爪自紧钻夹头的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1：前接合子；2：第一斜齿；3：凸起；4：后接合子；5：第二斜齿；6：前套；7：前体；8：从动锥齿轮；9：主动锥齿轮；10：夹爪；11：后体；12：端盖；13：弹性装置；14：后套；15：螺杆；16：夹爪滑道；17:开锁套；18：开锁钩。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如附图1-4所示，本发明提供了一种齿轮自紧钻夹头，其包括后体11、 前体7、多个夹爪10和与所述夹爪数量相同的从动锥齿轮8以及止退装置；
所述后体11设置在所述前体7内；
所述后体11的一端设置有主动锥齿轮9；
所述主动锥齿轮9的大端设置在靠近所述后体11的一端；
所述后体11的另一端设置有用于与外接设备连接的连接部；
所述主动锥齿轮9设置在所述前体7内，且与所述从动锥齿轮啮合8；
多个所述从动锥齿轮8以所述主动锥齿轮9的轴线为中心线均匀设置；
所述从动锥齿轮8的内孔设置有内螺纹；
所述夹爪10的一端设置有与所述从动锥齿轮8的所述内螺纹配合使用的外螺纹；
所述前体7上设置有能够允许所述夹爪10通过的夹爪孔和用于放置所述从动锥齿轮8的锥齿轮孔；
所述前体7的一端设置有与所述后体11转动连接的后孔；
所述后体11、所述主动锥齿轮9和所述前体7同轴设置；
所述止退装置包括前接合子1和后接合子4；
所述前接合子1靠近所述后接合子4的一侧设置有第一斜齿2；
所述后接合子4靠近所述前接合子1的一侧设置有第二斜齿5；
多个所述第一斜齿2绕所述前接合子1的轴线均匀设置；
多个所述第二斜齿5绕所述后接合子4的轴线均匀设置；
所述第一斜齿2与所述第二斜齿5啮合，能够使所述后接合子4或前接合子1转动时，只能带动所述前接合子1或后接合子4单向转动；
所述前接合子1固定设置在所述前体7远离所述前体7的一侧；
所述第一斜齿2设置在所述前接合子1远离前体7的一侧；
所述后接合子4与所述后套14固定连接，且与所述前接合子1啮合。
在本发明中，如图2和图4可以看出，前接合子1和后接合子4上均设置有斜齿，前接合子1和后接合子4通过第一斜齿2和第二斜齿5啮合后连接在 一起，在正转夹紧钻具的过程中，前接合子1、后接合子4可以做相对的转动，直到夹紧钻具、且相对静止自动啮合为止。而在反转工作时，夹紧钻具后啮合的前接合子1、后接合子4将前体7和后体11固定连接后，即可以进行反方向作业。如要更换钻具，只需将前接合子1和后接合子4脱离啮合状态，就可以将前接合子1和后接合子4进行反转的自由转动，轻松的松开钻具。
也就是说，止退装置作用是：钻夹头正转夹紧钻具以及夹紧后工作的过程中，对夹紧力不会有丝毫的影响，或是对钻夹头对钻具的夹紧不会有丝毫的影响；而在钻夹头反转工作时，能够最大限度的保持钻夹头对钻具的原始夹紧力，完成钻夹头反转工作的要求。否则，自紧钻夹头是无法进行反转工作的。
需要指出的是，在本发明中所指的正向转动，均是指夹紧钻具的方向。前接合子1和后接合子4夹紧的方向、或是正转的方向恰恰是相反的。反转亦是。但钻夹头反转工作时的方向，即是本发明所述的后接合子反转的方向，亦是后体反转的方向。
在本实施例中，当钻夹头反转时，需要保证后接合子4带动前接合子1同步转动；当钻夹头正转时，需要保证钻具在由松到夹紧的过程中，后接合子不能带动前接合子1转动。为实现上述两种目标，特将第一斜齿2和第二斜齿5均绕各自的轴线进行均匀的环形设置，才能保证能够得到最佳的效果。
本发明适用于所有将动力直接或间接通过螺纹、直接或间接传递到夹爪10上、驱动夹爪10前后移动的自紧钻夹头。
主动锥齿轮9和后体11一同设置在前体7的后孔内，从动锥齿轮8设置在前体7的锥齿轮孔内，且与主动锥齿轮9啮合。由于后体11设置在前体7的后孔内，且后体11与前体7转动连接。为保证后体11在前体7内的稳定性，避免其在转动的过程中从后孔内窜出，在后体11远离前体7的一端设置端盖 12，且端盖12与前体7通过螺栓固定连接，进而将后体11固定在后孔内，使后体11只能进行径向转动而不能进行轴向移动，保证了后体11作业时的稳定性。前接合子1固定设置在端盖12远离前体7的一侧；第一斜齿2设置在前接合子1远离端盖12的一侧；后接合子4与后套14固定连接，且与前接合子1啮合。
在使用时，可以在前体7上设置前套6，也可以是将前套6与前体7一体设置，前体7与前套6和端盖12均是固定连接；端盖12与前接合子2在轴向上是滑键滑动连接、在径向上是固定连接；后接合子5与后体11固定连接，与后套也是固定连接。
钻夹头在工作前有两种情况：
1)将钻具由松到夹紧的过程是，在后接合子和后体均不转动的情况下，用手正向转动前套或是开锁套，前套或是开锁套带动轴向固定连接的前体7，再同步带动端盖12和前接合子2正向转动，前接合子在双方斜齿的作用下，沿端盖凹槽向前滑动，使前、后接合子脱离啮合状态，直到夹爪初始夹紧钻具时，前、后接合子处于相对静止的状态，在弹性件13的作用下自动互相啮合，将前体7和后体11固定连接成为一体；也可以将前、后套同时做相向的正转方向转动，带动前体7和前接合子2、后体11和后接合子5做相向的正转方向转动，直到夹紧钻具，前、后接合子啮合为止，就可以开始钻夹头无论是正转还是反转的正常作业。
在工作时由于外接动力会比手动的初始夹紧力更大，后体会将后接合子带动、相对前接合子做轻微的正向转动，而前接合子是不转动的，再次相对静止后，前、后接合子又自动啮合在一起。开始钻夹头正常的工作状态。
即：在正转夹紧钻具的过程中，前、后接合子可以做相对的转动，直到夹紧钻具、且相对静止自动啮合为止。
2)而在反转工作时，夹紧钻具后自动啮合的前、后接合子将前体7和 后体11固定连接后，即可以进行反方向作业。
如要更换钻具，只需将前、后接合子脱离啮合状态，就可以将前、后接合子进行反转的自由转动，轻松的松开钻具。
优选的实施方式为，如图2所示，所述前体7后部设置有将后体11固定在前体7的后孔内的端盖12或是弹性挡圈；
所述前接合子1的内圈上设置有凸起3或凹槽；
所述端盖12或是前体7的后部上设置有凹槽或凸起；
所述凸起3设置在所述凹槽内，能够使所述前体7和所述前接合子1沿径向一同转动，在轴向只能滑键滑动连接。
凸起和凹槽的配合方式，可以是将凸起设置在前接合子1上，也可以是将凸起设置在前体7上，只要将相对应的凹槽设置在前体7或前接合子1上即可。
在本实施例中，前体7和端盖12可以是一体设置，也可以是分开设置，其只要能够对前接合子进行驱动即可。
优选的实施方式为，所述前接合子1远离所述后接合子4的一侧设置有弹性装置13。
在本实施例中，在前接合子1远离后接合子4的一侧设置弹性装置13，通过弹性装置13的设置，能够使得前接合子1和后接合子4之间始终具有一定的压力。
需要指出的是，在本实施例中，弹性装置13设置在前接合子1远离后接合子4的一侧，其还可以是设置在后接合子4远离前接合子1的一侧，也就是说，其只要能够在保证前接合子1和后接合子4之间能够进行直接接触的同时，还能够保证前接合子1或后接合子4有足够的弹性空间，以便于在后接合子4转动而前接合子1不转动时，使得前接合子1或后接合子4有足够的空间进行移动。
优选的实施方式为，所述弹性装置13为波纹簧或压簧。
在本实施例中，弹性装置13为波纹簧或压簧，通过波纹簧或压簧给前接合子1足够的弹性空间。
需要指出的是，在本实施例中，弹性装置13为波纹簧或压簧，但其不仅仅局限于上述两种装置，其还可以是其他的弹性装置13，如可以是弹片、皮筋等装置，其只要能够将前接合子1和后接合子4始终保持接触，且能够随时进行分离即可。
优选的实施方式为，构成所述第一斜齿2的所有面中，有且只有一个面与所述前接合子1垂直。
当钻夹头反向转动时，第一斜齿2上与前接合子1垂直的面、第二斜齿5上与后接合子4垂直的面相互抵接，保持紧密的啮合状态，在后接合子4反向转动时，通过垂直的面能够给前接合子1最大的力，能够同步带动前接合子1转动，同时，也便于在钻夹头静止时，前接合子1与后接合子4很容易的分离。
还可以将构成所述第一斜齿2的所有面中，设置为有且只有一个面与所述前接合子1平行。
在第一斜齿2中，具有与前接合子1平行的平面，在第二斜齿5中，具有与后接合子4平行的平面。第一斜齿2上与前接合子1平行的平面与后接合子4相抵接，第二斜齿5上与后接合子4平行的平面与前接合子1抵接，进而能够实现前接合子1和后接合子4之间的完美结合，缝隙较小，进而能够减小整个止退装置的体积，也能够保证后接合子4转动时，前接合子1的即时响应。
优选的实施方式为，所述第一斜齿2设置在所述前接合子1的内沿处；
所述第二斜齿5设置在所述后接合子4的内沿处；
或，
所述第一斜齿2设置在所述前接合子1的外沿处；
所述第二斜齿5设置在所述后接合子4的外沿处；
或，
所述第一斜齿2布满设置在所述前接合子1靠近所述后接合子4的侧面上；
所述第二斜齿5布满设置在所述后接合子4靠近所述前接合子1的侧面上。
在本实施例中，第一斜齿2和第二斜齿5的设置方式有三种。
第一种方式是将第一斜齿2设置在前接合子1的内沿处，同时第二斜齿5设置在后接合子4的内沿处，如图1和图2所示。这样的设置方式，第一斜齿2和第二斜齿5的啮合位置在内部，从外侧看不出具体的结构，能够使整个装置更加美观。
第二种方式是将第一斜齿2设置在前接合子1的外沿处，同时第二斜齿5设置在后接合子4的外沿处，如图3和图4所示。这样的设置方式，第一斜齿2和第二斜齿5的啮合位置在外部能够直接观察到，能够在后接合子4正转而前接合子1不转动的时候，对前接合子1与后接合子4的啮合情况进行直观的判断。
第三种方式是将第一斜齿2设置在前接合子1靠近后接合子4的整个侧面，第二斜齿5设置在后接合子4靠近前接合子1的整个侧面。这样的设置方式，既能够直接观察前接合子1和后接合子4的啮合情况，又延长了前接合子1与后接合子4的啮合长度，保证了两者之间的受力稳定性。
需要指出的是，在本申请中，可以是上述的几种设置方式，但其不仅仅局限于上述的设置方式，其还可以是如将第一斜齿2设置在前接合子1靠近后接合子4的整个侧面，第二斜齿5设置在后接合子4的内沿或外沿处，也就是说，只要能够通过后接合子4的反转带动前接合子1转动，后接合子4正转时前接合子1不转动即可。
优选的实施方式为，齿轮自紧钻夹头还包括开锁套17；
所述开锁套17同轴设置所述前体7上；
所述开锁套17远离所述前套6的一端设置有开锁钩18；
所述开锁钩18与所述前接合子1抵接，能够将所述前接合子1和所述后接合子4分离。
通过开锁钩18的设置，能够将前接合子1向前体7的方向拉动，使前接合子1压制弹性装置13而使得前接合子1与后接合子4分离，进而在反向转动后接合子4时，就不会带动前接合子1一起转动；当需要后接合子4带动前接合子1转动时，松开开锁套17和开锁钩18，在弹性装置13的作用下，前接合子1向靠近后接合子4的方向移动，前接合子1和后接合子4自动啮合在一起，即可进行反向同步转动。
优选的实施方式为，所述开锁套17远离所述前套6的一端同轴设置有后套14；
所述后套14套设在所述开锁钩18上。
通过后套14的设置，能够将开锁钩18进行保护起来，避免外界环境对开锁钩18造成破坏。
同时也可以实施另外一种使前接合子1、后接合子4脱离啮合的方案，即开锁套17设置在靠近外接设备一侧，在后接合子4靠近前接合子1的一端设置有开锁钩18，开锁钩18与后结合子4靠近前接合子1的一面抵接，在后接合子4和与后套14端(底)部之间设置有弹性件，只要将开锁套17向外接设备方向拖动，皆可实现前接合子1和后接合子4的脱离啮合的状态。当松开开锁套17时，后接合子4在弹性件的作用下向前接合子1方向轴向移动，与前接合子1啮合在一起，即可以保证钻夹头正常工作的需要。
需要指出的是，在本实施例中，以将开锁钩18向有弹性件的方向拉动来实现前后接合子4的分离，但其不仅仅局限于这一种方式，其也可以是将开锁钩18设置为推动靠近弹性件的接合子，同样也可以实现将前接合子1和后接合子4脱离啮合的状态，也就是说，只要能够前接合子1和后接合子4脱离啮合的状态即可。
本发明还提供了一种自紧钻夹头，如图6所示，其包括后套14、后体11、螺杆15、前体7、前套6和多个夹爪10以及止退装置；
所述后体11的一端设置有内孔，所述内孔为螺纹孔；
所述螺杆15设置在所述内孔内，且与所述内孔螺纹连接；
所述螺杆15远离所述后体11的一端设置有夹爪10定位部；
所述夹爪10定位部上设置有多个夹爪10定位槽，能够使所述夹爪10只能在所述夹爪10定位部上滑动；
所述后体11的另一端设置有用于与外接设备连接的连接部；
所述后套14的一端与所述前体7固定连接，用于将所述后体11固定在所述后套14内，能够使后体11只能在后套14内径向转动，而不会沿着轴向方向移动；
所述前体7上设置有夹爪滑道16，能够使所述夹爪10只能在所述夹爪滑道16内进行滑动；同时内孔中设有螺杆15另一端的夹爪定位部，与夹爪10和夹爪滑动槽一起配合，保证夹爪只能沿轴向前后移动。
所述前套6与所述后套14固定连接，前体7设置于前套6的内孔中，确保前体7不会轴向移动。
所述后套14、所述后体11、所述前体7、所述螺杆15和所述夹爪10定位部及所述前套6同轴设置；
所述前接合子1与所述后套14滑键连接；
所述第一斜齿2设置在所述前接合子1远离所述前体7的一侧；
所述后接合子与所述后体11固定连接，且与所述前接合子1啮合。
本发明适用于所有将动力直接或间接通过螺纹、直接或间接传递到夹爪10上，驱动卡爪前后移动的自紧钻夹头。
后体11的一端设置在前体7的后孔内，螺杆15的一端也设置在前体7的后孔内，螺杆15的另一端设置在后体11的内孔内，与内孔螺纹连接。前接合子1与后套14连接；第一斜齿2设置在前接合子1远离前体7的一侧；后接 合子与后体11固定连接，且与前接合子1啮合。
为保证后体11在前体7内的稳定性，避免其在转动的过程中从后孔内窜出，在后体11远离前体7的一端设置后套14，且后套14与前体7通过螺纹或是凹凸槽固定连接，进而将后体11固定在后套14的前内孔、前体7的后孔上方，使后体11只能进行径向转动而不能进行轴向移动，保证了后体11作业时的稳定性。
在使用时，前套6与后套14通过螺纹固定连接，将前体7固定在前套6内部，使前体7不能进行轴向移动，前体7通过螺纹或是凹凸槽与后套14固定连接，既能保证后体11只能径向转动、不能轴向移动，还能保证前体7不能进行径向转动。后体11设于后套14中，后体11靠近前体的一端设有内螺纹，与设有外螺纹的丝杆16螺纹连接，丝杆16靠近前体的一端设有夹爪固定槽，夹爪固定槽设置于前体7的内孔中，前体7远离后体的一端设有夹爪滑动槽，当后体11在外接动力的带动下转动时，同步带动通过螺纹配合的丝杆，丝杆再同步带动夹爪10在前体7的夹爪滑动槽上前后移动，实现夹爪10的夹紧或是松开的工作过程。
前接合子1内侧设有凸起，后套14后部外侧设有轴向凹槽，前接合子1与后套14远离前体的一端径向固定连接、轴向滑键滑动连接，弹簧13设于前接合子1靠近前体的一端、后套14远离前体的一端之间，后接合子4与后体靠近动力连接部的一端固定于后体连接。
优选的实施方式为，后套远离前体的一侧沿轴线方向上设置有凹槽；
所述前接合子1的内圈上设置有凸起3；
所述凸起3设置在所述凹槽内，能够使所述后套14和所述前接合子1沿径向一同转动,在轴向滑键滑动。
在本实施例中，也设置有开锁套17，开锁套17套设在后套14远离前体7的一侧的外部，开锁套17与后套14在径向固定连接、在轴向上滑键滑动连接。开锁套17上设置有开锁钩18，开锁钩18设置于前接合子1和后接合子4 之间。钻夹头在静止状态或是在夹紧钻具后的工作的状态，前接合子1和后接合子4都是处在自动啮合的状态。当前接合子1和后接合子4需要脱离啮合状态时，只需要将开关套向前接合子1和后接合子4设置有弹性件的一侧，沿轴向拉动或是推动，既可以实现上述目的，完成钻夹头对钻具的更换的要求。
需要指出的是，开锁套17也可以套设在后接合子4的外部，开锁钩18设置于前接合子1和后接合子4之间，无论推动还是拉动开锁套17，通过开锁钩18同样可以实现脱离前接合子1和后接合子4啮合的状态。
本发明提供的止退装置和自紧钻夹头，通过前接合子1和后接合子4上分别设置第一斜齿2和第二斜齿5，再利用第一斜齿2和第二斜齿5的作用时的前接合子1和后接合子4之间只能进行单向的转动，进而保证了在钻夹头反转时，不会将钻头松开，保证了自紧钻夹头的正常工作。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种齿轮自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，包括后体、前体、多个夹爪和与所述夹爪数量相同的从动锥齿轮以及止退装置；
    所述后体设置在所述前体内；
    所述后体的一端设置有主动锥齿轮；
    所述主动锥齿轮的大端设置在靠近所述后体的一端；
    所述后体的另一端设置有用于与外接设备连接的连接部；
    所述主动锥齿轮设置在所述前体内，且与所述从动锥齿轮啮合；
    多个所述从动锥齿轮以所述主动锥齿轮的轴线为中心线均匀设置；
    所述从动锥齿轮的内孔设置有内螺纹；
    所述夹爪的一端设置有与所述从动锥齿轮的所述内孔内螺纹配合使用的外螺纹；
    所述前体上设置有能够允许所述夹爪通过的夹爪孔和用于放置所述从动锥齿轮的锥齿轮孔；
    所述前体的一端设置有与所述后体转动连接的后孔；
    所述后体、所述主动锥齿轮和所述前体同轴设置；
    所述止退装置包括前接合子和后接合子；
    所述前接合子靠近所述后接合子的一侧设置有第一斜齿；
    所述后接合子靠近所述前接合子的一侧设置有第二斜齿；
    多个所述第一斜齿绕所述前接合子的轴线均匀设置；
    多个所述第二斜齿绕所述后接合子的轴线均匀设置；
    所述第一斜齿与所述第二斜齿啮合，能够使所述后接合子或前接合子转动时，只能带动所述前接合子或后接合子单向转动；
    所述前接合子固定设置在所述前体远离所述前体的一侧；
    所述第一斜齿设置在所述前接合子远离所述前体的一侧；
    所述后接合子与所述前接合子啮合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的齿轮自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述前体后部设置有将后体固定在前体后孔内的端盖；
    所述前接合子的内圈上设置有凸起或凹槽；
    所述端盖上设置有凹槽或凸起；
    所述凸起设置在所述凹槽内，能够使设置有所述端盖的所述前体和所述前接合子沿径向一同转动，且在轴向只能滑键滑动连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的齿轮自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述前接合子远离所述后接合子的一侧设置有弹性装置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的齿轮自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述弹性装置为波纹簧或压簧。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的齿轮自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，构成所述第一斜齿的所有面中，有且只有一个面与所述前接合子垂直。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的齿轮自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述第一斜齿设置在所述前接合子的内沿处；
    所述第二斜齿设置在所述后接合子的内沿处；
    或，
    所述第一斜齿设置在所述前接合子的外沿处；
    所述第二斜齿设置在所述后接合子的外沿处；
    或，
    所述第一斜齿布满设置在所述前接合子靠近所述后接合子的侧面上；
    所述第二斜齿布满设置在所述后接合子靠近所述前接合子的侧面上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的齿轮自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，还包括开锁套；
    所述开锁套同轴设置所述前体上；
    所述开锁套在前、后接合子之间设置有开锁钩；
    所述开锁钩与所述前接合子或者后接合子抵接，能够将所述前接合子和所述后接合子分离。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的齿轮自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述开锁套远离所述前体的一端同轴设置有后套；
    所述后套套设在所述开锁钩上。
  9. 一种扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，包括后套、后体、螺杆、前体、前套和多个夹爪以及止退装置；
    所述后体的一端设置有内孔，所述内孔为螺纹孔；
    所述螺杆设置在所述后体内孔内，且与所述内孔螺纹连接；
    所述螺杆远离所述后体的一端设置有夹爪定位部；
    所述夹爪定位部上设置有多个夹爪定位槽，能够使所述夹爪只能在所述夹爪定位部的带动下，在前体的夹爪滑道上前后滑动；实现夹爪的夹紧或是松开；
    所述后体的另一端设置有用于与外接设备连接的连接部；
    所述后套的一端与所述前体固定连接，用于将所述后体固定在所述后套内，与前体固定配合后，能够使后体只能在后套内径向转动，而不会沿着轴向方向移动；同时保证前体不会径向转动；
    所述前体设置于前套内孔中，所述前套与所述后套固定连接，确保前体不会轴向移动；
    所述前体上设置有夹爪滑道，能够使所述夹爪只能在所述夹爪滑道内进行滑动；
    所述后套、所述后体、所述前体、所述螺杆、所述前套和所述夹爪定位部同轴设置；
    所述止退装置包括前接合子和后接合子；
    所述前接合子靠近所述后接合子的一侧设置有第一斜齿；
    所述后接合子靠近所述前接合子的一侧设置有第二斜齿；
    多个所述第一斜齿绕所述前接合子的轴线均匀设置；
    多个所述第二斜齿绕所述后接合子的轴线均匀设置；
    所述第一斜齿与所述第二斜齿啮合，能够使所述后接合子或前接合子转动时，只能带动所述前接合子或后接合子单向转动；
    所述前接合子与所述后套的后部连接；
    所述第一斜齿设置在所述前接合子远离所述前体的一侧；
    所述后接合子与所述后体固定连接，且与所述前接合子啮合。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述后套的远离前体的一侧设置有凹槽或凸起；
    所述前接合子的内圈上设置有凸起或凹槽；
    所述凸起设置在所述凹槽内，能够使所述后套和所述前接合子沿径向一同转动，沿轴向滑键滑动。
PCT/CN2017/070154 2016-12-08 2017-01-04 齿轮自紧钻夹头和扁爪自紧钻夹头 WO2018103177A1 (zh)

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