WO2014019148A1 - 新型钻夹头 - Google Patents

新型钻夹头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014019148A1
WO2014019148A1 PCT/CN2012/079449 CN2012079449W WO2014019148A1 WO 2014019148 A1 WO2014019148 A1 WO 2014019148A1 CN 2012079449 W CN2012079449 W CN 2012079449W WO 2014019148 A1 WO2014019148 A1 WO 2014019148A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
drill chuck
teeth
jaw
sleeve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/079449
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柳尧亭
徐桂洪
Original Assignee
威海达旺五金制品有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 威海达旺五金制品有限责任公司 filed Critical 威海达旺五金制品有限责任公司
Priority to PCT/CN2012/079449 priority Critical patent/WO2014019148A1/zh
Publication of WO2014019148A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014019148A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
    • B23B31/1207—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable moving obliquely to the axis of the chuck in a plane containing this axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
    • B23B31/1207—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable moving obliquely to the axis of the chuck in a plane containing this axis
    • B23B31/1215—Details of the jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23B2260/07—Gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23B2260/106—Nuts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23B2260/138—Screw threads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clamp for a machining tool, in particular to a new drill chuck which is easy to open while protecting the cutter.
  • Drilling and milling are often used in production and processing activities, such as machine tools and electric drills. Drill chucks for holding drills, milling cutters, etc. on the working axes of these equipments have experienced long-term application and improvement. However, there are still many shortcomings. There are currently three main types of drill chucks on the market:
  • This type of drill chuck is used to increase the clamping force of the drill chuck by means of an auxiliary special tool.
  • the special chuck is also used to release the drill chuck. It is mainly used in some small power tools, some medium-sized and some large-scale processing equipment.
  • the advantage is that the applicable range is wide and the clamping force is large; the disadvantage is that special auxiliary tools must be used. Once lost or damaged, the drill chuck becomes waste, and its clamping force is lower than that of some equipment. There is a phenomenon that the clip is not tight and slips when the equipment is working, which affects the quality and precision of the workpiece.
  • the advantage of the drill chuck is that it is easy to operate, convenient to use, small in size, and suitable for various small power tools; the disadvantage is that the clamping force is small, the applicable range is small, and the power tool often has insufficient clamping force during work. The phenomenon of loosening or slipping.
  • the advantage of the drill chuck is that the clamping force is large, and there is no problem that the device slips or loosens during work. It is mainly suitable for some medium-sized or large-scale processing equipment; the disadvantage is that it is bulky, high in cost, and small in electric power.
  • the tool is not available. When replacing the drill bit, the clamping force is too large, and the professional loosening aid must be used to loosen the drill chuck. Once the special tool is lost or damaged, the drill chuck becomes waste and waste.
  • the invention is directed to the prior art, the clamping force of the drill chuck is insufficient, the clamping force is easy to be too large, the tool is broken, and the drill chuck is opened, which is inconvenient and the application range is small.
  • the technical problem is to provide a new type of drill chuck that can protect the tool while opening it.
  • the present invention is provided with a front body, a rear body, a front sleeve, a rear sleeve and a clamping jaw.
  • the clamping jaw is provided with external threads of the clamping jaw, and a gear is arranged between the clamping jaw and the rear sleeve, and the rear sleeve is connected with the gear.
  • the gear has an internal thread inside, and the internal thread of the gear cooperates with the external thread of the jaw.
  • a preferred technical solution of the present invention is that the back sleeve is provided with internal teeth, and the gear is provided with external teeth, and the internal teeth of the back sleeve cooperate with the external teeth of the gear.
  • a further preferred technical solution of the present invention is that an intermediate gear is further disposed between the inner teeth of the rear sleeve and the gear.
  • a still further preferred technical solution of the present invention is that an inner ring gear is disposed between the rear sleeve and the gear, the inner ring gear is provided with internal teeth, and the gear is provided with external teeth, and the inner teeth of the inner ring gear cooperate with the outer teeth of the gear.
  • a still further preferred technical solution of the present invention is that an intermediate gear is further disposed between the internal teeth of the ring gear and the gear.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention provides at least one rolling bearing between the precursor and the rear body.
  • a still further preferred technical solution of the present invention is that the precursor is further provided with a partition.
  • the clamping jaw is provided with a positioning ball groove, and the positioning ball is provided with a positioning ball, and the positioning ball is fixed in the front body.
  • a still further preferred technical solution of the present invention is to provide an oil pool on the precursor.
  • the invention is a self-tightening chuck, and the clamping force is large, and there is no problem that the device slips or loosens during work. Since the inner teeth of the front end of the rear sleeve cooperate with the external teeth of the gear, the internal thread of the gear cooperates with the thread of the jaw, and the gear is fixed with respect to the front body, so the drill chuck is applied to the electric drill or other operations. When the tool is constantly being struck, the jaws are limited by the gears, and the tool is not continuously clamped, thus maintaining the proper clamping force, avoiding the problem of struggling or even opening when the drill chuck is opened. At the same time, the tool is also protected, and no dents due to too much clamping force are left on the tool. Since the present invention is provided with a suitable helix angle, it can be made into small, medium and large drill chucks according to the needs of the equipment used, covering most of the equipment using the drill chuck, and the scope of application is wide.
  • Figure 1 is a general assembly view of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a half cross-sectional view of the precursor of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a rear body of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the jaw of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a gear of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the bearing back cover of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the bearing pad of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the bearing cover of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a half cross-sectional view of the front cover of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of the inner tooth back sleeve of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a general assembly view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a half cross-sectional view showing the ring gear in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention mainly comprises a precursor 1 , a rear body 9 , a front sleeve 10 , and an inner tooth rear sleeve 3 . , jaws 6 and gears 4 .
  • the rear body 9 is built into the front body 1 and can only be rotated laterally relative to the front body 1.
  • the front body 1 is provided with a jaw hole 12 which is located in the jaw hole 12.
  • Gear 4 The internal thread is provided, and the jaw 6 is provided with an external thread, and the internal thread of the gear 4 cooperates with the external thread of the jaw 6.
  • the front end of the inner tooth back sleeve 3 is provided with internal teeth 13 and the outer circumference of the gear 4 is provided with external teeth 14
  • the inner teeth 13 of the inner tooth back sleeve 3 and the outer teeth 14 of the gear 4 cooperate with each other, and the rear body 9 and the inner tooth rear sleeve 3 form a relatively fixed connection.
  • the rear body 9 rotates, the inner tooth rear sleeve 3 It also rotates, so that the gear 4 is also rotated, and the jaw 6 is moved up and down in the jaw hole 12 by the gear 4.
  • Figure 3-A is a half cross-sectional view of the rear body 9, and Figure 3-B is a top view of the rear body 9, the precursor 1
  • the inner center of the rear end is provided with a recess 15 which cooperates with the recess 15 when the rear body 9 is inserted into the front body 1.
  • a rear body protrusion 16 is provided on the rear body 9, and the rear body is raised.
  • figure 6-B is a front view of the bearing back sleeve 8, which is pressed against the bearing ball 17 on the right side, and forms a close fit with the front body 1, the rear body 9, and the inner tooth back sleeve 3, which serves as a good limit.
  • Role of the posterior body 9 can only be rotated laterally relative to the precursor 1, but not radially relative to the precursor 1, such that the rear body 9 and the precursor 1 The friction between the two is changed from sliding friction to rolling friction, which greatly reduces the friction between the two and increases the flexibility of the drill chuck.
  • the front body 1 is machined obliquely symmetrically with three jaw holes 12 extending through the upper and lower sides, and the jaws 6 are located in the jaw holes 12.
  • Precursor 1 There are also three obliquely symmetric gear slots 18 in which the gears 4 are located.
  • annular oil pool 21 is formed at the front end of the precursor 1, and the annular oil pool 21 may be continuous or may be combined with three jaws 6 Corresponding to the setting, it appears as a discontinuous state.
  • the annular oil pool 21 is sealed with grease to ensure that the jaws 6 can cut the grease of the inner ring during the up and down movement, because the annular oil pool is processed on the precursor 1
  • the part is tightly fitted to the front sleeve 10 of the drill chuck so that the grease does not penetrate outward. Since the annular oil pool 21 is provided, the grease can be cut in the process of moving the jaws 6 up and down, so that the entire jaw 6
  • the reduced friction between the precursor 1 and the length of the jaws 6 increases the life of the drill chuck.
  • Figure 4-A is a structural view of the jaw
  • Figure 4-B is a B-B view of Figure 4-A
  • Figure 4-C This is the C-C view in Figure 4-A.
  • the outer circumference of the jaw 6 is provided with a jaw external thread 22 which cooperates with the gear internal thread 23 in the gear 4.
  • a positioning ball groove is also provided on the jaw 6 After the jaws 6 are placed in the jaw holes 12, the lower half of the positioning ball 25 is located in the positioning ball groove 24, and the upper half is located in the opening 1 of the precursor 1. Opening in front body 1 26
  • a steel ball retaining ring 2 is provided on the circumferential surface thereof so that the positioning ball 25 cannot roll outward.
  • the positioning ball 25 and the positioning ball groove 24 The function of the jaws 6 relative to the jaw holes 12 can only be moved up and down, but can not be rotated laterally, which plays a good limit, so that the clamping force of the jaws 6 on the cutter is well ensured. If there is no positioning ball 25 and positioning the ball slot 24 limit, the jaws 5 will move laterally while moving up and down, so that the tool can not be clamped well, which has a serious adverse impact on the operation.
  • Figure 5-A shows the left view of gear 4
  • Figure 5-B shows gear 4
  • the gear 4 is a bevel gear
  • the outer side of the gear 4 is provided with external teeth 14
  • the inner side is provided with gear internal thread 23, the outer teeth 14 and the inner teeth of the inner tooth back sleeve 3
  • the internal thread 23 of the gear cooperates with the external thread 22 of the jaw on the jaw 6, and the inner diameter of the gear 4 is equal to the outer diameter of the jaw 6.
  • Bearing cover 5 is provided on both upper and lower sides of the gear 4 As shown in Fig.
  • the bearing cover 5 is provided with a bearing groove 27, the bearing groove 27 is provided with a steel ball 30, the bearing 4 of the upper and lower sides of the gear 4, the steel ball 30 and the gear 4
  • the close fit acts as a limit on the gear 4, and the steel ball 30 changes the sliding friction between the gear 4 and the bearing cover 5 into rolling friction, which reduces the friction, so that the gear 4 It is possible to omit the treatment of the quenching process and reduce the cost.
  • the present invention is further provided with a front sleeve 10 and an inner tooth back sleeve 3, the end of the front sleeve 10 and the rear sleeve 9
  • the front ends cooperate to form a complete drill chuck.
  • a front outer circlip 11 is provided at the front end of the front body 1, and an inner ring portion is caught in the spring groove 29 at the front end of the front body 1, and the outer ring portion is exposed to the front body 1 Outside, it is used to fix the front cover 10 so that the front cover 10 does not slide down.
  • Figure 10-A is a top view of the inner tooth back sleeve 3
  • Figure 10-B is a half cross-sectional view of the inner tooth back sleeve 3, in the rear body 9
  • the rear end is provided with two symmetrical grooves.
  • the inner tooth back sleeve 3 is sleeved on the rear body 9, the inwardly bent portion of the inner tooth rear sleeve 3 is just caught in the two grooves, and The rear body 9 forms a relatively fixed connection.
  • Back body 9 The main body connecting hole 28 is arranged.
  • the main body 9 drives the rear body 9 to rotate, and the inner tooth rear sleeve 3 also rotates together with the rear body 9.
  • Internal teeth are provided on the inner side of the front end of the inner tooth back sleeve 3 It cooperates with the external teeth 14 of the gear 4, and when the inner tooth back sleeve 3 rotates, the gear 4 is driven to rotate with it.
  • the present invention is provided with a suitable helix angle, and it is not necessary to make drill chucks of different sizes depending on the size of the helix angle.
  • the main body connection hole 28 of the rear body 9 is connected with the working axis of the main body, and the device motor is started at this time, and the rear body 9 High-speed rotation under the driving of the main working shaft, due to the static inertia between the inner tooth back sleeve 3, the gear 4 and the clamping jaw 6, there is a strong impact in the initial stage of the rotation of the rear body 9 and the inner tooth rear sleeve 3.
  • the limiting device of the jaw 6 in the above embodiment is the positioning ball groove 24 on the clamping jaw 6, the positioning ball 25 and the steel ball fixing ring 2
  • this solution is the preferred technical solution because the jaws 6 and the positioning ball 25 are at this time.
  • the friction between the two is rolling friction, which reduces the friction and increases the flexibility of the movement of the drill chuck, but can be replaced by other means.
  • a V-groove is provided on the jaw 6 and an opening in the precursor 1 is 26
  • the V-shaped abutment is fixed inside, and the V-shaped abutment is fixed by the steel ball fixing ring 2 or other fixing devices.
  • the V-shaped abutting body and the V-shaped groove cooperate with each other, so that the V-shaped groove is moved during the movement of the jaws 6 up and down. versus The V-shaped abutment can also act to limit the jaws 6 so that the jaws 6 do not rotate laterally during up and down movement.
  • the acrosome can be a key and the corresponding jaw 6
  • the groove on the upper side should be rectangular.
  • the groove of the jaw 6 and the abutting body that cooperates therewith can be expressed in any shape that can function as a limit.
  • the gear 4 is slanted in the drill chuck because the gear 4 is to be placed over the three inclined jaws 6 and the gear 4 It is also possible not to provide a tapered gear, but only to ensure that the external teeth 14 and the internal teeth 13 of the internal tooth back sleeve 3 cooperate with each other, and the rotation of the internal tooth back sleeve 3 can drive the gear 4 to rotate.
  • Two sets of rolling bearings are arranged between the precursor 1 and the rear body 9, and the rolling bearings can be arranged in one or three groups in the rear body 9 Within the allowable range, three or more groups can also be set.
  • the positioning ball 25, the bearing steel ball 17, and the steel ball 30 of the present invention 30 All the spheres are made of wear-resistant steel material, and other materials that have the same effect can be used instead.
  • a preferred technical solution of the present invention is provided with an annular oil pool 21 To ensure sufficient lubrication and prolong the service life of the drill chuck, of course, it is also possible to eliminate the need for the annular oil pool 21 to reduce some processing time and cost.
  • the partition 20 provided by the present invention can effectively prevent dust and protect the rear body. 9. When there is difficulty in processing, you can also choose not to have a partition 20 and directly connect the tool hole 19 to the front end of the rear body 9.
  • an inner ring gear 41 is provided between the rear sleeve 40 and the gear 4, and an outer ring outer thread is provided on the outer side. 42.
  • the inner ring gear 43 is provided on the inner side, and the inner end of the front end of the rear sleeve 40 is provided with an internal thread (not shown), which cooperates with the external ring gear 42 of the inner ring gear, and the inner ring gear 43 and the gear of the inner ring gear 4 external teeth 14 cooperate with each other.
  • the ring gear 41 can also be provided with no external ring thread 42 and can be directly connected or fixedly connected with the rear sleeve 40, as long as the rear sleeve 40 is ensured.
  • the rotation can drive the ring gear 41 to rotate, and the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
  • the present invention can also provide a pinion gear between the three gears 4, which cooperates with the three gears 4, and passes through the inner tooth back sleeve 3
  • the upper internal tooth 13 and the plurality of pinion gears are driven, or one or more intermediate gears are provided between the internal teeth 13 of the inner tooth back sleeve 3 and the gear 4 to drive the gear 4
  • the rotation in short, the technical solution that can be thought of by the ordinary technician to drive the rotation of the gear 4 through the inner tooth back sleeve 3 or the rear body 9 is within the scope of the invention.

Abstract

一种新型钻夹头，其设有前体（1）、后体（9）、前套（10）、后套（40）、夹爪（6），夹爪（6）上设有夹爪外螺紋（22），夹爪（6）和后套（40）之间设有齿轮（4），后套（40）与齿轮（4）相连接，齿轮（4）内部设有内螺紋（23），齿轮（4）的内螺紋（23）与夹爪（6）的外螺紋（22）相互配合，其解决了现有钻夹头夹紧力不足、夹紧力太大导致其打开不方便、适用范围小的问题，可广泛适用于机械加工领域。

Description

新型钻夹头 技术领域
本发明涉及一种机械加工用刀具的夹具，尤其是一种打开方便同时又保护刀具的新型钻夹头。
背景技术
生产加工活动中经常使用机床和电钻等工具进行钻孔、铣削等作业，装设在这些设备主机工作轴上用于夹持钻头、铣刀等刀具的钻夹头虽然经历了长期的应用和改进，但依然存在诸多不足。 现在市场上主要有三种钻夹头：
1 、扳手钻夹头：
这种钻夹头是通过辅助的专用工具来增加钻夹头的夹紧力的，更换钻头时，也要通过辅助的专用工具才能松开钻夹头。其主要应用在部分小型电动工具、部分中型和部分大型加工设备上。
优点是适用的范围较广、夹紧力较大；缺点是必须使用专用的辅助工具，一旦丢失或者损坏，钻夹头就成了废品，而且它本身的夹紧力也低于部分设备的要求，有在设备工作时出现夹不紧而打滑的现象，影响加工件的质量及精度。
2 、手紧钻夹头：
这种钻夹头的优点是操作简便，使用方便，体积小，适用于各种小型的电动工具；缺点是夹紧力小，适用的范围小，经常出现电动工具在工作中因夹紧力不够而松开或打滑的现象。
3 、自紧钻夹头：
这种钻夹头的优点是夹紧力大，不会出现设备在工作中打滑或者松开的问题，其主要适用于部分中型或者大型加工设备上；缺点是体积大，成本高，小型的电动工具无法使用。其在更换钻头时因夹紧力过大也必须使用专业的松开辅助工具才能松开钻夹头，一旦专用工具丢失或是损坏，钻夹头就成为废品，甚是浪费。
 技术问题
本发明是针对现有钻夹头夹紧力不足、夹紧力容易过大破坏刀具而且使钻夹头打开不方便、适用范围小的 技术问题，提供一种能够保护刀具同时又方便打开的新型钻夹头 。
为此，本发明设有前体、后体、前套、后套、夹爪，夹爪上设有夹爪外螺纹，夹爪和后套之间设有齿轮，后套与齿轮相连接，齿轮内部设有内螺纹，齿轮的内螺纹与夹爪的外螺纹相互配合。
本发明优选的技术方案是后套设有内齿，齿轮上设有外齿，后套的内齿与齿轮的外齿相互配合。
本发明进一步优选的技术方案是后套的内齿与齿轮之间还设有中间齿轮。
本发明更进一步优选的技术方案是后套与齿轮之间设有内齿圈，内齿圈设有内齿，齿轮上设有外齿，内齿圈的内齿与齿轮的外齿相互配合。
本发明再进一步优选的技术方案是内齿圈的内齿与齿轮之间还设有中间齿轮。
本发明进一步优选的技术方案是前体与后体之间设有至少一个滚动轴承。
本发明更进一步优选的技术方案是前体上还设有隔断。
本发明再进一步优选技术的方案是夹爪设有定位球槽，定位球槽内设有定位球，定位球被固定在前体内。
本发明再更进一步优选的技术方案是前体上设有油池。
本发明是自紧钻夹头，夹紧力大，不会出现设备在工作中打滑或者松开的问题。其由于后套前端的内齿与齿轮的外齿相互配合，齿轮的内螺纹又与夹爪的螺纹相配合，而齿轮相对于前体是固定的，所以在钻夹头应用到电钻或者其他作业时不断敲击的工具上的时候，夹爪受齿轮的限制，不会持续不断的去夹紧刀具，从而保持了适当的夹紧力，避免了钻夹头打开时费劲甚至打不开的问题，同时也保护了刀具，不会在刀具上留下由于夹紧力太大而带来的凹痕。由于本发明设有合适的螺旋升角，能够根据使用设备的需要，制作成小型、中型和大型钻夹头，覆盖绝大多数使用钻夹头的设备，适用范围很广泛。
 技术解决方案
有益效果
附图说明
图 1 是本发明的总体装配图；
图 2 是本发明前体的半剖视图；
图 3 是本发明后体的结构示意图；
图 4 是本发明夹爪的结构示意图；
图 5 是本发明齿轮的结构示意图；
图 6 是本发明轴承后套的结构示意图；
图 7 是本发明轴承垫板的剖视图；
图 8 是本发明轴承盖板的剖视图；
图 9 是本发明前套的半剖视图；
图 10 是本发明内齿后套的结构示意图；
图 11 是本发明实施例 2 的总体装配图；
图 12 是本发明实施例 2 中内齿圈的半剖视图。
图中符号说明：
1. 前体； 2. 钢球固定环； 3. 内齿后套； 4. 齿轮； 5. 轴承盖板； 6. 夹爪； 7. 轴承垫板； 8. 轴承后套； 9. 后体； 10. 前套； 11. 前外卡簧； 12. 夹爪孔； 13. 内齿； 14. 外齿； 15. 凹槽； 16. 后体突起； 17. 轴承钢珠； 18. 齿轮槽； 19. 刀具孔； 20. 隔断； 21. 环形油池； 22. 夹爪外螺纹； 23. 齿轮内螺纹； 24 定位球槽 . ； 25 定位球 . ； 26 开孔 . ； 27 轴承凹槽 . ； 28. 主机连接孔； 29. 卡簧槽； 30. 钢球； 40. 后套； 41. 内齿圈； 42. 内齿圈外螺纹； 43. 内齿圈内齿。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
本发明的实施方式
第一实施例：
如图 1 、图 2 和图 3 所示，本发明主要包括前体 1 、后体 9 、前套 10 、内齿后套 3 、夹爪 6 和齿轮 4 。后体 9 内置于前体 1 中，只能相对于前体 1 做横向转动。前体 1 设有夹爪孔 12 ，夹爪 6 位于夹爪孔 12 内。齿轮 4 设有内螺纹，夹爪 6 设有外螺纹，齿轮 4 的内螺纹与夹爪 6 的外螺纹相互配合。内齿后套 3 的前端设有内齿 13 ，齿轮 4 的外周设有外齿 14 ，内齿后套 3 的内齿 13 与齿轮 4 的外齿 14 相互配合，后体 9 与内齿后套 3 形成相对固定的连接，在后体 9 旋转时，内齿后套 3 也跟着旋转，从而带动齿轮 4 也跟着旋转，夹爪 6 在齿轮 4 的带动下在夹爪孔 12 内做上下运动。
图 3-A 是后体 9 的半剖视图，图 3-B 是后体 9 的俯视图，前体 1 的后端内部居中位置设有凹槽 15 ，在后体 9 插入到前体 1 中时，后体 9 正好与凹槽 15 相互配合。在后体 9 上设有后体突起 16 ，在后体突起 16 的左右两侧各设有一圈轴承钢珠 17 ，左侧轴承钢珠 17 的左边设有轴承垫板 7 （如图 7 所示），轴承垫板 7 、前体 1 的内壁和后体 9 将左侧的轴承钢珠 17 固定，使其只能在原地旋转滚动；右侧轴承钢珠 17 的右端设有轴承后套 8 ，如图 6 所示，图 6-A 为轴承后套 8 的左视图，图 6-B 为轴承后套 8 的正视图，其压在右侧的轴承钢珠 17 上，同时与前体 1 、后体 9 、内齿后套 3 形成紧密的配合，起到了很好地限位的作用，使得后体 9 只能相对于前体 1 做横向转动，而不能相对于前体 1 做径向运动，这样后体 9 与前体 1 之间的摩擦就由滑动摩擦变成了滚动摩擦，大大的减小了两者之间的摩擦力，增加了钻夹头的灵活性。
前体 1 上斜向对称地加工有三个贯穿上下的夹爪孔 12 ，夹爪 6 位于夹爪孔 12 内。前体 1 还设有三个斜向对称地齿轮槽 18 ，齿轮 4 位于齿轮槽 18 内。在前体 1 的前端内部设有刀具孔 19 ，其与后体 9 所在的凹槽 15 之间设有隔断 20 ，两者并不相通。这样在作业时可以防止鼓起的灰尘进入到钻夹头的后部，有效的隔离了灰尘，同时也免除了没有隔断 20 时刀具直接顶在后体 9 上对后体 9 造成的破坏。
另外，在前体 1 的前端还加工有环形油池 21 ，该环形油池 21 可以为连续的，也可以与三个夹爪 6 相对应设置，而表现为不连续的状态。环形油池 21 中封有润滑脂，保证夹爪 6 在上下运动过程中能够切到内环的润滑脂，由于前体 1 上加工有环形油池 21 的部位与钻夹头的前套 10 紧密配合，所以润滑脂不会向外渗透。由于设有了环形油池 21 ，使夹爪 6 上下运动的过程中能够切到其中的润滑脂，从而使整个夹爪 6 与前体 1 之间的摩擦力减小，延长了夹爪 6 的灵活性的时间，进而延长了钻夹头的使用寿命。
如图 4 所示，图 4-A 为夹爪的结构视图，图 4-B 为图 4-A 的 B-B 视图，图 4-C 为图 4-A 的 C-C 视图。夹爪 6 的外侧圆周设有夹爪外螺纹 22 ，其与齿轮 4 内的齿轮内螺纹 23 相互配合。在夹爪 6 上还设有定位球槽 24 ，夹爪 6 置于夹爪孔 12 中后，定位球 25 的下半部分位于定位球槽 24 内，上半部分位于前体 1 开孔 26 内。在前体 1 的开孔 26 所在的圆周面上设有钢球固定环 2 ，使定位球 25 不能向外滚动。这样，在夹爪 6 沿夹爪孔 12 上下运动时，由于定位球 25 和定位球槽 24 的作用，使得夹爪 6 相对于夹爪孔 12 只能够做上下运动，而不能横向转动，起到了很好地限位作用，从而良好的保证了夹爪 6 对刀具的夹紧力。如果没有定位球 25 和定位球槽 24 的限位，夹爪 5 就会在上下运动的同时横向转动，从而不能够好好的夹持刀具，也就对作业产生了严重不利的影响。
如图 5 所示，图 5-A 为齿轮 4 的左视图，图 5-B 为齿轮 4 的正视图，从图中可以清楚的看出，齿轮 4 为锥齿轮，齿轮 4 外侧设有外齿 14 ，内侧设有齿轮内螺纹 23 ，外齿 14 与内齿后套 3 上的内齿 13 相互配合，齿轮内螺纹 23 与夹爪 6 上的夹爪外螺纹 22 相配合，齿轮 4 的内径与夹爪 6 的外径大小相等。在齿轮 4 的上下两面上均设有轴承盖板 5 ，如图 8 所示，轴承盖板 5 上设有轴承凹槽 27 ，轴承凹槽 27 内设有钢球 30 ，齿轮 4 上下两面的轴承盖板 5 、钢球 30 都与齿轮 4 紧密配合，对齿轮 4 起到限位的作用，同时钢球 30 又将齿轮 4 与轴承盖板 5 之间的滑动摩擦变为滚动摩擦，减小了摩擦力，这样齿轮 4 就可以省略淬火工艺的处理，降低了成本。
如图 9 和图 10 所示，本发明还设有前套 10 和内齿后套 3 ，前套 10 的末端和后套 9 的前端相互配合，形成一个完整的钻夹头。在前体 1 的前端设有前外卡簧 11 ，其内圈部分卡在前体 1 前端的卡簧槽 29 中，外圈部分露在前体 1 外面，用来固定前套 10 ，使前套 10 不会向下滑落。图 10-A 为内齿后套 3 的俯视图，图 10-B 为内齿后套 3 的半剖视图，在后体 9 的后端设有两个对称的凹槽，在内齿后套 3 套设在后体 9 上时，内齿后套 3 尾端向内弯曲的部分正好卡在这两个凹槽内，与后体 9 形成相对固定连接。后体 9 上设有主机连接孔 28 ，在后体 9 连接主机时，主机带动后体 9 旋转，内齿后套 3 也会跟着后体 9 一起转动。在内齿后套 3 前端内侧设有内齿 13 ，其与齿轮 4 的外齿 14 相互配合，在内齿后套 3 旋转时，会带动齿轮 4 随其一起旋转。
本发明设有合适的螺旋升角，可根据螺旋升角大小的不用制作出大小不同的钻夹头。
下面对本发明的工作过程加以说明：
将刀具插入前体 1 的刀具孔 19 内，用手转动后体 9 ，因为后体 9 相对于内齿后套 3 为固定连接，内齿后套 3 会跟着后体 9 的旋转而旋转，又因为内齿后套 3 上的内齿 13 与齿轮 4 的外齿 14 相互配合，齿轮 4 的齿轮内螺纹 23 又与夹爪 6 的夹爪内螺纹 22 相互配合，所以后体 9 的转动迫使内齿后套 3 与齿轮 4 做相对转动，齿轮 4 的转动又会带动夹爪 6 沿夹爪孔 12 向下移动，三个夹爪 6 下端之间的空隙也随之缩小，直至夹紧放入刀具孔 19 内的刀具。
后体 9 的主机连接孔 28 与主机的工作轴相连接，此时启动设备电机，后体 9 在主机工作轴的带动下高速旋转，由于内齿后套 3 、齿轮 4 和夹爪 6 之间的静止惯性的作用，在后体 9 与内齿后套 3 转动的初始阶段有较强的冲击力迫使齿轮 4 和夹爪 6 跟随其一起旋转，这个冲击力进一步使得三个夹爪 6 夹紧刀具，之后刀具与加工件之间的反作用力，也在迫使夹爪 6 、齿轮 4 和内齿后套 3 之间做相对转动，这同样增加了三个夹爪 6 对刀具的夹持力，因而具备了自紧的功能，使整个自紧钻夹头具有很高的精度和稳定性，随着电机的转动，三个夹爪 6 夹紧刀具一起逐渐转动，从而完成机械加工过程。
上述实施例中夹爪 6 的限位装置是由夹爪 6 上的定位球槽 24 、定位球 25 以及钢球固定环 2 来实现的，这种方案为优选的技术方案，因为此时夹爪 6 与定位球 25 之间的摩擦为滚动摩擦，减小了摩擦力，也就增加了钻夹头运动的灵活性，但也可以用其他的方式来代替。比如说在夹爪 6 上设有 V 型槽，而在前体 1 的开孔 26 内设有 V 型顶体，通过钢球固定环 2 或者其他固定设备来固定 V 型顶体， V 型顶体与 V 型槽相互配合，这样在夹爪 6 上下运动的过程中， V 型槽与 V 型顶体同样能够起到对夹爪 6 进行限位的作用，使夹爪 6 在上下运动的过程中不会横向转动。又例如顶体可以为键，相对应的夹爪 6 上的凹槽就应该为长方形。总之，夹爪 6 的凹槽和与之相配合的顶体可以表现为任意的能够起到限位作用的形状。
齿轮 4 在钻夹头内是斜着相对应的，是因为齿轮 4 要套在三个斜着的夹爪 6 上，齿轮 4 也可以不设置成锥型齿轮，只需要保证其外齿 14 与内齿后套 3 的内齿 13 相互配合、内齿后套 3 的转动能够带动齿轮 4 旋转即可。
在前体 1 与后体 9 之间设置有两组滚动轴承，此滚动轴承可以设置成一组或者三组，在后体 9 允许的范围内，也可以设置三组以上。
为了增加钻夹头的寿命，本发明的定位球 25 、轴承钢珠 17 、钢球 30 等所有的球体均选用耐磨的钢性材质，也可以选用起到相同作用的其他材质来代替。
本发明优选的技术方案设有环形油池 21 ，保证充分的润滑，延长钻夹头的使用寿命，当然也可以不设有环形油池 21 ，减小一些加工时间和成本。另外，本发明所设有的隔断 20 可以有效的防止灰尘和保护后体 9 ，在加工有困难时也可以选择不设有隔断 20 ，直接将刀具孔 19 通到后体 9 的前端。
第二实施例：
如图 11 和图 12 所示，在后套 40 和齿轮 4 之间设有内齿圈 41 ，其外侧设有内齿圈外螺纹 42 ，内侧设有内齿圈内齿 43 ，在后套 40 的前端内侧设有内螺纹（图中未示出），其与内齿圈外螺纹 42 相互配合，内齿圈内齿 43 与齿轮 4 的外齿 14 相互配合。动力从后体 9 传给后套 40 后，通过螺纹传递给内齿圈 41 ，再通过齿传递给齿轮 4 ，最后再带动夹爪 6 向下运动，从而夹紧刀具完成作业过程。内齿圈 41 也可以不设有内齿圈外螺纹 42 ，直接与后套 40 成一体或者固定连接，只要保证后套 40 的旋转能够带动内齿圈 41 转动即可，其余部分与第一实施例相同。
本发明也可以在三个齿轮 4 中间设置一个小齿轮，此小齿轮与三个齿轮 4 相互配合，其通过内齿后套 3 上的内齿 13 和多个小齿轮来驱动，或者在内齿后套 3 的内齿 13 与齿轮 4 之间再设置一个或者多个中间齿轮来带动齿轮 4 的旋转，总之，在普通技术人员能够想到的通过内齿后套 3 或者后体 9 来带动齿轮 4 旋转的技术方案都属于本发明的保护范围。
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Claims (9)

  1. 一种新型钻夹头，其设有前体、后体、前套、后套、夹爪，夹爪上设有夹爪外螺纹，其特征是所述夹爪和所述后套之间设有齿轮，所述后套与所述齿轮相连接，所述齿轮内部设有内螺纹，所述齿轮的内螺纹与所述夹爪的外螺纹相互配合。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述后套设有内齿，所述齿轮上设有外齿，所述后套的内齿与所述齿轮的外齿相互配合。
  3. 根据权利要求 2 所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述后套的内齿与所述齿轮之间还设有中间齿轮。
  4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述后套与所述齿轮之间设有内齿圈，所述内齿圈设有内齿，所述齿轮上设有外齿，所述内齿圈的内齿与所述齿轮的外齿相互配合。
  5. 根据权利要求 4 所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述内齿圈的内齿与所述齿轮之间还设有中间齿轮。
  6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述前体与所述后体之间设有至少一个滚动轴承。
  7. 根据权利要求 6 所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述前体上还设有隔断。
  8. 根据权利要求 7 所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述夹爪设有定位球槽，所述定位球槽内设有定位球，所述定位球被固定在前体内。
  9. 根据权利要求 8 所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述前体上设有油池。
PCT/CN2012/079449 2012-07-31 2012-07-31 新型钻夹头 WO2014019148A1 (zh)

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CN105855582A (zh) * 2016-06-03 2016-08-17 柳尧亭 扁爪自紧钻夹头
CN105880694A (zh) * 2016-06-03 2016-08-24 柳尧亭 外螺纹自紧钻夹头
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