WO2017206491A1 - 扁爪自紧钻夹头 - Google Patents

扁爪自紧钻夹头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017206491A1
WO2017206491A1 PCT/CN2016/111129 CN2016111129W WO2017206491A1 WO 2017206491 A1 WO2017206491 A1 WO 2017206491A1 CN 2016111129 W CN2016111129 W CN 2016111129W WO 2017206491 A1 WO2017206491 A1 WO 2017206491A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
jaw
drill chuck
sleeve
clamping
self
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/111129
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柳尧亭
Original Assignee
柳尧亭
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201620534480.4U external-priority patent/CN205660179U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610397677.2A external-priority patent/CN105855582A/zh
Application filed by 柳尧亭 filed Critical 柳尧亭
Publication of WO2017206491A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017206491A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/12—Adapters for drills or chucks; Tapered sleeves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of machining equipment and the field of power tools, in particular to a flat claw self-tightening drill chuck.
  • Drill chucks are tools commonly used in the machining industry and the power tool industry to clamp drills.
  • the drill chuck is generally composed of a drill jacket, a loosening ring, a connecting block and a back cover.
  • the axial positioning is realized by the connecting block, and the hub is moved by the circumferential direction to make the axial movement under the action of the internal thread of the elastic adjusting ring, accurately self-centering and clamping the drilling tool.
  • you need to use the drill chuck with different drilling tools such as center drill, drill bit, reamer, tap, etc.
  • Drill chucks on the market today are classified into three categories according to the clamping force: hand-tight drill chucks, wrench drill chucks and self-tightening drill chucks.
  • Each of the three drill chucks has advantages and disadvantages.
  • the hand drill chuck has low cost, convenient operation, light weight and wide application, but its clamping force is small and the precision is low;
  • the wrench drill chuck has low cost and wide application, but its operation is inconvenient; self-tightening
  • the drill chuck has large clamping force and high precision, but its cost is high, the weight is large, and the operation is inconvenient.
  • the drill chucks of the four structures all transmit power to the jaws through a single-head thread, so that the jaws move back and forth in the front jaw bores, thereby clamping or loosening the drill.
  • the invention provides a flat-claw self-tightening drill chuck, comprising a rear sleeve, a rear body, a screw, a front body and a plurality of clamping jaws;
  • One end of the rear body is provided with an inner hole, and the inner hole is a threaded hole;
  • the screw is disposed in the inner hole and is screwed to the inner hole;
  • the end of the screw away from the rear body is provided with a jaw positioning portion
  • the jaw positioning portion is provided with a plurality of jaw positioning grooves, so that the jaws can slide only in the direction perpendicular to the axis line on the jaw positioning portion;
  • the other end of the rear body is provided with a connecting portion for connecting with an external device
  • One end of the rear sleeve is fixedly connected to the front body for fixing the rear body in the rear sleeve, so that the rear body can only rotate radially in the rear sleeve without going along the axial direction.
  • the front body is provided with a jaw slide, which enables the jaw to slide back and forth and up and down only in the jaw slide under the action of the front sleeve cone surface;
  • the rear sleeve, the rear body, the front body, the screw and the jaw positioning portion are coaxially disposed;
  • the internal thread of the inner bore and the external thread of the screw are both multi-start threads.
  • spiral angle ⁇ of the multi-start thread is 2.4° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 13.5°.
  • clamping jaw is a triangular plate-like structure
  • the three sides of the clamping jaw are respectively provided with a positioning sliding portion that can cooperate with the clamping claw positioning groove, a slide sliding portion that can cooperate with the clamping jaw sliding passage, and can be in contact with the adjacent clamping jaws.
  • the angle formed by the two clamping faces is parallel to the axis of the precursor
  • the angle between the two clamping faces is 120°.
  • the front body is disposed in the front sleeve for preventing the jaws from sliding out in the jaw slides, and the jaws can only move forward and backward in the direction of the jaw slides, thereby achieving The jaws are clamped or loosened.
  • One end of the front sleeve is fixedly connected to the rear sleeve.
  • front sleeve is screwed to the rear sleeve.
  • the jaw slide is provided with a jaw dismounting hole near one end of the rear body.
  • the rear end of the rear body is disposed with a ball or a bearing away from an inner end surface of one end of the front body, and is capable of rolling contact with the rear sleeve.
  • the back cover is provided with a back cover away from one end of the front body
  • the rear cover is fixedly connected to an end of the rear body away from the front body for driving the rear body to rotate in the front body and the rear sleeve, before and after the work of the drill chuck , initially clamping and loosening the drill.
  • front body and the rear sleeve are fixedly connected by threads (or concave and convex grooves).
  • the connecting portion is a straight hole or a tapered taper hole having an internal thread.
  • the flat claw self-tightening drill chuck of the present invention drives a screw threadedly connected with the rear body by driving the rotation of the rear body.
  • the screw is restricted by the clamping jaws and can only move axially forward and backward without radial rotation, further During the movement of the screw, the movement of the jaws is driven to realize the closing and loosening of the jaws, and the multi-head thread is connected between the rear body and the screw to ensure that the drill chuck is clamped and closed during operation. It can be easily released by hand, and the purpose of opening the jaws of the drill chuck by manual operation is simple and convenient.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of a flat-claw self-tightening drill chuck provided by the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the flat-claw self-tightening drill chuck provided by the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the flat-claw self-tightening drill chuck shown in Figure 2 taken along line A-A;
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view of the front sleeve of the flat-claw self-tightening drill chuck provided by the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of the flat-claw self-tightening drill chuck shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a flat-claw self-tightening drill chuck provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph showing the torque of the flat jaw self-tightening chuck and the torque of the different screw angles according to the present invention.
  • jaw 4-1 positioning slider 4-2: slide sliding portion
  • Connection part 6-2 Inner hole 7: Screw
  • gripper positioning section 8-1 gripper positioning groove 9: precursor
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • Connected, or integrally connected can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention provides a flat-claw self-tightening drill chuck, including a rear sleeve 3, a rear body 6, a screw 7, a front body 9 and a plurality of jaws 4;
  • One end of the rear body 6 is provided with an inner hole 6-2, and the inner hole 6-2 is a threaded hole;
  • the screw 7 is disposed in the inner hole 6-2 and is screwed to the inner hole 6-2;
  • the screw 7 is disposed away from the end of the rear body 6 with a positioning portion of the clamping jaw 4;
  • the positioning portion of the clamping jaw 4 is provided with a plurality of jaw positioning grooves 8-1, so that the clamping jaws 4 can only slide on the positioning portion of the clamping jaws 4;
  • the other end of the rear body 6 is provided with a connecting portion 6-1 for connecting with an external device;
  • One end of the rear sleeve 3 is fixedly connected with the front body 9 for fixing the rear body 6 in the rear sleeve, so that the rear body can only rotate radially in the rear sleeve, and cannot be along the shaft.
  • the front body 9 is provided with a jaw slide 9-2, so that the jaw 4 can slide only in the jaw slide 9-2;
  • the rear sleeve 3, the rear body 6, the front body 9, the screw rod 7, and the positioning portion of the jaw 4 are coaxially disposed;
  • the internal thread of the inner hole 6-2 and the external thread of the screw 7 are both multi-start threads.
  • the present invention is applicable to all self-tightening drill chucks that transmit power directly or indirectly through threads, directly or indirectly, to the jaws 4, driving the jaws to move back and forth.
  • Single-head threads facilitate self-locking and are not conducive to loosening.
  • the multi-start thread facilitates the transmission of power, which is beneficial for clamping and is more conducive to loosening.
  • the contact area between the threads is increased, the same clamping force as the single-head thread is dispersed over a larger contact area, so that the contact pressure or friction force of the thread unit is much smaller than that of the single-head thread, which is more convenient and easy. Open the drill chuck. Therefore, in the present invention, a multi-start thread is used as the transmission thread between the rear body 6 and the screw 7.
  • One end of the rear body 6 is disposed in the upper inner portion of the rear hole of the front body 9, one end of the screw 7 is also disposed in the rear hole of the front body 9, and the other end of the screw 7 is disposed in the inner hole 6-2 of the rear body 6, with The inner bore 6-2 is threaded.
  • the rear body 6 Since the rear body 6 is disposed in the upper part of the rear hole of the front body 9, and the rear body 6 is rotatably connected with the front body 9, in order to ensure the stability of the rear body 6 in the working body 9, the stable radial direction is obtained.
  • the rear sleeve 3 is provided at the end of the rear body 6 away from the front body 9, and the rear sleeve 3 and the front body 9 are threaded (or It is a concave-convex groove) fixed connection, and the rear body 6 is fixed to the front inner hole of the rear sleeve and the inner upper part of the rear hole of the front body, so that the rear body 6 can only perform radial rotation and cannot move axially, thereby ensuring the rear body. 6 stability during work.
  • the jaws 4 are triangular plate-like structures
  • the three sides of the clamping jaw 4 are respectively provided with a positioning sliding portion 4-1 that can cooperate with the clamping claw positioning groove 8-1, and a slide sliding portion 4 that can cooperate with the clamping claw sliding channel 9-2. 2 and two clamping faces 4-3 capable of contacting the adjacent jaws 4;
  • the angle formed by the two clamping faces 4-3 is parallel to the axis of the precursor 9;
  • the angle between the two clamping faces 4-3 is 120°.
  • the jaws 4 are provided in a triangular plate-like structure, and one of the sides of the triangle is provided with a positioning sliding portion 4-1 that cooperates with the jaw positioning groove 8-1.
  • the positioning sliding portion 4-1 is a T-shaped structure
  • the clamping claw positioning groove 8-1 is a T-shaped groove, and in the cooperation of the two, the clamping claw 4 can be positioned in the clamping groove 8 - Under the action of 1, the movement is made close to or away from the axial direction of the screw 7.
  • the positioning sliding portion 4-1 is T-shaped, and the clamping claw positioning groove 8-1 is a T-shaped groove, but it is not limited to this type of matching structure, and it may also be positioned.
  • the sliding portion 4-1 is provided in a trapezoidal shape, and the jaw positioning groove 8-1 is provided as a dovetail groove that fits the trapezoid, that is, as long as the engagement of the positioning sliding portion 4-1 with the jaw positioning groove 8-1 can be achieved,
  • the jaws 4 can be moved only perpendicularly to the axial direction of the screw 7 at the positioning portion of the jaws 4 of the screw 7.
  • the other side of the jaw 4 is provided with a slide sliding portion 4-2 that cooperates with the jaw slide 9-2.
  • the sliding portion has a T-shaped structure
  • the jaw slide 9-2 is a T-shaped groove, and further, with the cooperation of the two, the clamping jaw 4 can be acted upon by the jaw slide 9-2. , moving in a direction toward or away from the rear body 6.
  • the gripping surface 4-3 is provided on the side of the jaw 4 near the axis of the front body 9.
  • the jaws 4 are arranged in three, and the three jaws 4 have a total of six clamping faces 4-3. Further, by the cooperation of the clamping faces 4-3, the drilling tool can be completely clamped. .
  • the number of the jaws 4 is three, so the angle between the two clamping faces 4-3 on the jaws 4 is 120°, but the number of the jaws 4 is not limited only. In the case of three, it may be four, five, etc., and it is only necessary to modify the angle of the clamping surface 4-3 to be 90°, 72°, etc., so that all the jaws 4 have the clamping surface 4 One end of the -3 can be completely fitted in the closed state.
  • the helix angle ⁇ of the multi-start thread is 2.4° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 13.5°.
  • the invention can ensure that the clamping drilling tool meets the requirements of industrial production, and can realize the operation requirement by hand, and concludes that two conditions must be met, that is, the spiral lifting angle ⁇ is 2.4° ⁇ ⁇ . ⁇ 13.5°.
  • the front body 9 is disposed in the front sleeve 10 for preventing the jaws 4 from sliding out of the jaw slides 9-2; and ensuring that the jaws are up and down in the jaw slides Move back and forth to achieve clamping or loosening of the jaws.
  • One end of the front sleeve 10 is fixedly connected to the rear sleeve 3.
  • the jaw slide 9-2 can only move the jaw 4 in the direction of approaching or away from the rear body 6, it does not ensure that the jaw 4 does not fall off the precursor 9.
  • the front body 9 is completely wrapped by the front cover 10, thereby ensuring that the jaws 4 provided on the front body 9 cannot be detached from the jaw slide 9-2, thereby ensuring the clamping operation.
  • the front sleeve 10 is screwed to the rear sleeve 3, and the front body 9 and the rear sleeve 3 are screwed together.
  • the front sleeve 10 and the rear sleeve 3 are fixedly connected, and the connection manner is a threaded connection, that is, the end of the rear sleeve 3 near the front body 9 is respectively provided with internal threads and external threads, internal threads and the front body 9 The connection and the external thread are connected to the front sleeve 10.
  • the jaw slide 9-2 is provided with a jaw dismounting hole 9-1 near one end of the rear body 6.
  • a jaw dismounting hole 9-1 is disposed at an end of the jaw slide 9-2 near the rear body 6.
  • the jaw 4 is opened to move the jaw 4 toward the rear body 6. Further, the upper end of the positioning sliding portion 4-1 is aligned with the jaw detaching hole 9-1, and the jaw 4 can be taken out from the jaw slide 9-2.
  • the rear body 6 is provided with a ball 11 or a bearing away from the end surface of one end of the front body 9, and is in rolling contact with the end surface of the back cover 3.
  • the contact between the end surface of the rear body 6 and the end surface of the rear sleeve 3 is set to a rolling contact, that is, a ball 11 or a bearing is provided between the rear body 6 and the rear sleeve 3, so that It facilitates good transmission of the power and is clamped, which is more conducive to the simple operation of loosening or clamping the drill chuck by hand.
  • the back cover 3 is provided with a back cover 1 away from one end of the front body;
  • the rear cover 1 is fixedly connected to an end of the rear body 6 away from the front body 9 for driving the rear body 6 to rotate in the front body 9, which can be before and after the work of the drill chuck. , initially clamping and loosening the drill.
  • the back cover 3 is disposed away from the end of the front body 9 and the rear cover 1 is tightly fitted with the rear body 6, so that the rear cover 1 can be easily disassembled, and the rear cover 3 can be prevented from being detached from the rear body, thereby ensuring that the rear cover 3 is detached from the rear body.
  • the stability of the entire flat claw drill chuck It is important to achieve the purpose of initial clamping of the jaws or loosening of the drill by twisting the back cover by hand and then rotating the fixed joint.
  • the rear cover 1 is provided with a fastening bolt 5, which can lock the rear cover 1 and the rear body 6 to ensure that there is no relative rotation between the rear cover 1 and the rear body 6.
  • the connecting portion 6-1 is a threaded hole or a tapered taper hole having an internal thread.
  • the rear body 6 is connected to the device through a threaded hole or a tapered taper hole.
  • a threaded hole or a tapered taper hole there are many ways in which the rear body 6 is connected to the device, such as a pin connection, a hinge, etc., that is, as long as the rear body 6 can be connected to the device.
  • the flat-claw self-tightening drill chuck drives the screw 7 threadedly connected with the rear body 6 by driving the rotation of the rear body 6.
  • the screw 7 is restricted by the clamping jaw 4 and can only move axially forward and backward without going through the diameter. Rotation, further moving the gripper 4 during the movement of the screw 7, the closing and loosening of the jaws 4 is achieved, and the multi-start thread is connected between the rear body 6 and the screw 7 to ensure the connection.
  • the drill chuck After the drill chuck is clamped and closed during work, it can be conveniently released, and the purpose of opening the jaws 4 of the drill chuck by manual operation is simple and convenient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)

Abstract

一种扁爪自紧钻夹头，包括后套（3）、后体（6）、螺杆（7）、前体（9）和多个夹爪（4）；后体（6）的一端设置有内孔（6-2），内孔（6-2）为螺纹孔；螺杆（7）设置在内孔（6-2）内，且与内孔（6-2）螺纹连接；螺杆（7）远离后体（6）的一端设置有夹爪定位部（8）；夹爪定位部（8）上设置有多个夹爪定位槽（8-1）；后体（6）的另一端设置有连接部（6-1）；后套（3）的一端与前体（9）固定连接；前体（9）上设置有夹爪滑道（9-2），能够使夹爪（4）只能在夹爪滑道（9-2）内进行滑动；后套（3）、后体（6）、螺杆（7）、前体（9）和夹爪定位部（8）同轴设置；内孔（6-2）的内螺纹和螺杆（7）的外螺纹均为多头螺纹。

Description

扁爪自紧钻夹头 技术领域
本发明涉及机加工器械领域和电动工具领域，尤其是涉及一种扁爪自紧钻夹头。
背景技术
钻夹头是机械加工行业和电动工具行业普遍使用夹持钻具的工具。
钻夹头一般是由钻夹套、松紧拨环、连接块、后盖组成。在钻夹套中，其轴向定位是利用连接块来实现的，通过圆周向拨动插孔，使在松紧拨环内螺纹的作用下轴向移动，精确地自动定心并夹紧钻具，工作时需要采用装有不同钻具(如中心钻、钻头、铰刀、丝锥等)的钻夹头时，可以松开定位螺钉，转动扇形体到所需位置后，紧固定位螺钉，实现钻夹头多工位的移动。
现在市场上的钻夹头，按照夹持力从大到小分为三类：手紧钻夹头、扳手钻夹头和自紧钻夹头。三种钻夹头各有优缺点。其中，手紧钻夹头成本低，操作方便，重量轻，应用广泛，但是其夹持力小，精度较低；扳手钻夹头的成本较低，应用广泛，但是其操作较为不方便；自紧钻夹头夹紧力大，精度较高，但是其成本较高，重量较大，且操作不方便。
随着时代的发展，由于自紧钻夹头的精度较高而使其应用越来越多。
现目前市场的自紧钻夹头主要有四种结构，分别为扁爪自紧钻夹头、齿轮自紧钻夹头和内螺纹及外螺纹自紧钻夹头。其中只有扁爪自紧钻夹头应用较多，其他三种在市场上只见文献，不见或是很少见到产品。
这四种结构的钻夹头均是通过单头螺纹将动力传递到夹爪上，实现夹爪在前体夹爪孔里的前后移动，进而实现夹紧或松开钻具。
但其仍然没有摆脱前述的缺点，且因为夹紧力大，常常使传递动力的螺纹之间，形成过大的挤压力和摩擦力甚至挤死，必需借助专用工具才能松开自紧松开钻夹头的弊端，操作起来很不方便，且专用工具易丢失，该钻夹头因打不开而报废，造成浪费。
如何使通过螺纹传递动力的自紧钻夹头既有符合工作要求的合适的夹紧力，又能实现操作简单、用手动就能方便松开的自紧钻夹头，是现在亟待解决的一项技术难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供扁爪自紧钻夹头，以解决现有技术中存在的技术问题。
本发明提供的扁爪自紧钻夹头，包括后套、后体、螺杆、前体和多个夹爪；
所述后体的一端设置有内孔，所述内孔为螺纹孔；
所述螺杆设置在所述内孔内，且与所述内孔螺纹连接；
所述螺杆远离所述后体的一端设置有夹爪定位部；
所述夹爪定位部上设置有多个夹爪定位槽，能够使所述夹爪只能在所述夹爪定位部上以垂直于轴心线的方向滑动；
所述后体的另一端设置有用于与外接设备连接的连接部；
所述后套的一端与所述前体固定连接，用于将所述后体固定在所述后套内，能够使后体只能在后套内径向转动，而不会沿着轴向方向移动；
所述前体上设置有夹爪滑道，能够使所述夹爪在前套锥面的作用下，只能在所述夹爪滑道内进行前后、上下滑动；
所述后套、所述后体、所述前体、所述螺杆和所述夹爪定位部同轴设置；
所述内孔的内螺纹和所述螺杆的外螺纹均为多头螺纹。
进一步的，所述多头螺纹的螺旋升角α为2.4°≤α≤13.5°。
进一步的，所述夹爪为三角形板状结构；
所述夹爪的三条边分别设置有能够与所述夹爪定位槽配合的定位滑动部、能够与所述夹爪滑道配合的滑道滑动部和能够与相邻的所述夹爪接触的两个夹持面；
所述两个夹持面形成的夹角线与所述前体的轴心线平行；
两个所述夹持面的夹角为120°。
进一步的，所述前体设置在前套内，用于防止所述夹爪在所述夹爪滑道内滑出，以及使夹爪只能在夹爪滑道的方向上前后、上下移动，实现夹爪的夹紧或是松开。
所述前套的一端与所述后套固定连接。
进一步的，所述前套与所述后套螺纹连接。
进一步的，所述夹爪滑道靠近所述后体的一端设置有夹爪拆装孔。
进一步的，所述后体远离所述前体的一端的内端面设置有滚珠或轴承，能够与所述后套进行滚动接触。
进一步的，所述后套远离所述前体的一端设置有后盖；
所述后盖与所述后体远离所述前体的一端固定连接，用于驱动所述后体在所述前体和所述后套内进行转动，能够在钻夹头工作前和工作后，初始夹紧和松开钻具。
进一步的，所述前体与所述后套之间通过螺纹(或是凹凸槽)固定连接。
进一步的，所述连接部为具有内螺纹的直孔或锥面的锥孔。
本发明提供的扁爪自紧钻夹头，通过驱动后体的转动来驱动与后体螺纹连接的螺杆，螺杆受夹爪的限制，只能前后轴向移动，不会径向转动，进一步在螺杆移动的过程中，带动夹爪的移动，实现了夹爪的闭合和松开，且将后体与螺杆之间使用多头螺纹进行连接，既能保证钻夹头在工作中夹紧闭合，还能保证用手就可以很方便的松开，实现通过手动即可打开钻夹头的夹爪的目的，操作简单方便。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的扁爪自紧钻夹头的爆炸图；
图2为本发明提供的扁爪自紧钻夹头的主视图；
图3为图2所示的扁爪自紧钻夹头的A-A剖视图；
图4为本发明提供的扁爪自紧钻夹头的前套的主视图；
图5为图4所示的扁爪自紧钻夹头的B-B剖视图；
图6为本发明提供的扁爪自紧钻夹头的立体图；
图7为本发明提供的扁爪自紧钻夹头的不同的螺纹头数和不同螺旋升角下的扭矩曲线图。
附图标记：
1：后盖           2：锁止环        3：后套
4：夹爪           4-1：定位滑动部  4-2：滑道滑动部
4-3：夹持面       5：螺栓          6：后体
6-1：连接部       6-2：内孔        7：螺杆
8：夹爪定位部     8-1：夹爪定位槽  9：前体
9-1：夹爪拆装孔   9-2：夹爪滑道    10：前套
11：滚珠
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如附图1-6所示，本发明提供了一种扁爪自紧钻夹头，包括后套3、后体6、螺杆7、前体9和多个夹爪4；
所述后体6的一端设置有内孔6-2，所述内孔6-2为螺纹孔；
所述螺杆7设置在所述内孔6-2内，且与所述内孔6-2螺纹连接；
所述螺杆7远离所述后体6的一端设置有夹爪4定位部；
所述夹爪4定位部上设置有多个夹爪定位槽8-1，能够使所述夹爪4只能在所述夹爪4定位部上滑动；
所述后体6的另一端设置有用于与外接设备连接的连接部6-1；
所述后套3的一端与所述前体9固定连接，用于将所述后体6固定在所述后套内，能够使后体只能在后套中径向转动，不能沿着轴向移动；
所述前体9上设置有夹爪滑道9-2，能够使所述夹爪4只能在所述夹爪滑道9-2内进行滑动；
所述后套3、所述后体6、所述前体9、所述螺杆7和所述夹爪4定位部同轴设置；
所述内孔6-2的内螺纹和所述螺杆7的外螺纹均为多头螺纹。
本发明适用于所有将动力直接或间接通过螺纹、直接或间接传递到夹爪4上，驱动卡爪前后移动的自紧钻夹头。
单头螺纹有利于自锁，不利于松开。多头螺纹有利于动力的传递，既有利于夹紧，更有利于松开。而且因为增加螺纹间的接触面积，使与单头螺纹同样的夹紧力分散在更大的接触面积上，既而使螺纹单位的接触压力或摩擦力较单头螺纹小了很多，这样更有利轻松地打开钻夹头。因此，在本发明中，使用了多头螺纹作为后体6和螺杆7之间的传动螺纹。
后体6的一端设置在前体9的后孔内上部，螺杆7的一端也设置在前体9的后孔内，螺杆7的另一端设置在后体6的内孔6-2内，与内孔6-2螺纹连接。
由于后体6设置在前体9的后孔内上部，且后体6与前体9转动连接，为保证后体6在工作时前体9内的稳定性，使其既能稳定的径向转动、又不会轴向移动，避免其在转动的过程中从后孔内窜出，在后体6远离前体9的一端设置后套3，且后套3与前体9通过螺纹(或是凹凸槽)固定连接，进而将后体6固定在后套的前内孔、前体的后孔内上部，使后体6只能进行径向转动而不能进行轴向移动，保证了后体6作业时的稳定性。
在使用时，通过转动后体6，带动后体6的内孔6-2转动，进一步带动与内孔6-2通过多头螺纹连接的螺杆7上下移动，进而再进一步通过螺杆7带动夹爪4在前套10内锥面的作用下、沿着前体9的夹爪滑道9-2内上下及前后移动，以完成夹爪4闭合或张开。
申请人将扁爪自紧钻夹头在1050W的冲击钻上，用直径为12mm的冲击钻头，分别以同样的螺旋升角2.4°、4.7°、13.5°，在同样直径的夹爪4上，使用单头和多头螺纹，在水泥板上做了一万两千多次的打孔对比实验，得出下列表的数据。
对比下列图表中及数据坐标图，就可以看出多头螺纹在钻夹头打开时的优势。
表一
螺纹头数 设备功率 冲击钻头的直径 螺旋升角 松开扭矩(平均值)
单头 1050W Φ12mm 2.4° 11.2N.m
两头 1050W Φ12mm 2.4° 8.5N.m
三头 1050W Φ12mm 2.4° 6.4N.m
表二
螺纹头数 设备功率 冲击钻头的直径 螺旋升角 松开扭矩(平均值)
单头 1050W Φ12mm 4.7° 9.5N.m
两头 1050W Φ12mm 4.7° 5.2N.m
三头 1050W Φ12mm 4.7° 3.7N.m
表三
螺纹头数 设备功率 冲击钻头的直径 螺旋升角 松开扭矩(平均值)
单头 1050W Φ12mm 13° 9.2N.m
两头 1050W Φ12mm 13° 5.0N.m
三头 1050W Φ12mm 13° 3.5N.m
从上面的表一、表二、表三以及附图7中可以看出，螺旋升角越大，螺纹的头数越多，松开夹爪4时所需的扭矩就越小，也就是说，松开夹爪4时就越省力。而行业内的常识是：普通的操作者的手的扭矩是6N.m。所以钻夹头大于6N.m的松开力矩，普通操作者用手是松不开的，只能借助专用工具才能松开。而低于6N.m的松开力矩，操作者用手就可以轻松打开。
优选的实施方式为，所述夹爪4为三角形板状结构；
所述夹爪4的三条边分别设置有能够与所述夹爪定位槽8-1配合的定位滑动部4-1、能够与所述夹爪滑道9-2配合的滑道滑动部4-2和能够与相邻的所述夹爪4接触的两个夹持面4-3；
所述两个夹持面4-3所形成的夹角线与所述前体9的轴心线平行；
两个所述夹持面4-3的夹角为120°。
在本实施例中，夹爪4设置为三角形的板状结构，三角形其中一条边上设置有与夹爪定位槽8-1配合的定位滑动部4-1。在本实施例中，定位滑动部4-1为T型结构，且夹爪定位槽8-1为T型槽，进而在两者的配合下，能够使夹爪4在夹爪定位槽8-1的作用下，进行靠近或远离螺杆7轴心线方向的移动。
需要指出的是，在本实施例中定位滑动部4-1为T型，夹爪定位槽8-1为T型槽，但其不仅仅局限于这一种配合结构，其还可以是将定位滑动部4-1设置为梯形，将夹爪定位槽8-1设置为与梯形配合的燕尾槽，也就是说，只要能够通过定位滑动部4-1与夹爪定位槽8-1的配合，使夹爪4在螺杆7的夹爪4定位部上只能做垂直于螺杆7轴心线方向的移动即可。
在本实施例中，夹爪4的另一条边上设置有与夹爪滑道9-2配合的滑道滑动部4-2。在本实施例中，滑动部为T型结构，且夹爪滑道9-2为T型槽，进而在两者的配合下，能够使夹爪4在夹爪滑道9-2的作用下，进行靠近或远离后体6方向的移动。
在本实施例中，夹爪4靠近前体9轴线的边上设置有夹持面4-3。在本实施例中，夹爪4设置为3个，三个夹爪4共六个夹持面4-3，进而通过夹持面4-3的配合，可以实现将钻具进行完全的夹持。
需要指出的是，在本实施例中，夹爪4的数量为3个，因此夹爪4上的两个夹持面4-3的夹角为120°，但夹爪4的数量不仅仅局限于3个，其还可以是4个、5个等，只需要将夹持面4-3的夹角相应的修改为90°、72°等，能够使所有的夹爪4具有夹持面4-3的一端在闭合状态下完全贴合即可。
优选的实施方式为，所述多头螺纹的螺旋升角α为2.4°≤α≤13.5°。
通过反复多次的实验，螺旋升角α小于2.4°时，夹紧力就会过大，即使多头螺纹也不能用手打开；而螺旋升角α大于13.5°时，夹紧力就大幅缩小，即使是单头螺纹也夹不紧钻具(钻头)。
因此本发明以既能保证夹紧钻具满足工业生产的要求，又能实现用手就能轻松的操作要求，得出的结论是必须符合两个条件，即螺旋升角α为2.4°≤α≤13.5°。
优选的实施方式为，所述前体9设置在前套10内，用于防止所述夹爪4在所述夹爪滑道9-2内滑出；以及确保夹爪在夹爪滑道内上下、前后移动，实现夹爪的夹紧或是松开。
所述前套10的一端与所述后套3固定连接。
由于夹爪滑道9-2只能使夹爪4沿着靠近或远离后体6的方向上移动，但其无法保证夹爪4不在前体9上脱落。
在前体9外设前套10，通过前套10将前体9完全包裹，进而保证设置在前体9上的夹爪4不能从夹爪滑道9-2中脱落，保证了夹持作业的正常进行。
优选的实施方式为，所述前套10与所述后套3螺纹连接，所述前体9与所述后套3之间通过螺纹连接。
在本实施例中，前套10与后套3固定连接，且其连接方式为螺纹连接，即在后套3靠近前体9的一端分别设置有内螺纹和外螺纹，内螺纹与前体9连接，外螺纹与前套10连接。
优选的实施方式为，所述夹爪滑道9-2靠近所述后体6的一端设置有夹爪拆装孔9-1。
在夹爪滑道9-2靠近后体6的一端设置夹爪拆装孔9-1，在夹爪4需要维护或更换时，打开夹爪4，使夹爪4向后体6方向移动，进而使定位滑动部4-1的上端与夹爪拆装孔9-1对齐，进而可以将夹爪4从夹爪滑道9-2中取出。
优选的实施方式为，所述后体6远离所述前体9的一端的端面，设置有滚珠11或轴承，能够与所述后套3的端面进行滚动接触。
后体6与后套3的端面如果直接进行接触的话，在钻夹头工作时，因夹爪4的反作用力使得后体6与后套3的端面之间因巨大的摩擦力和挤压力，而影响动力的传递，进而既不利于钻夹头的夹紧，也不利于钻夹头的松开，特别是仅用手的力量更是松不开的。
为解决上述问题，本实施例中，在后体6的端面与后套3的端面的接触方式设置为滚动接触，即在后体6与后套3之间设有滚珠11或轴承，这样既有利于动力的良好传递而夹紧，更有利于用手就可以松开或夹紧钻夹头的简单操作的要求。
优选的实施方式为，所述后套3远离所述前体的一端设置有后盖1；
所述后盖1与所述后体6远离所述前体9的一端固定连接，用于驱动所述后体6在所述前体9内进行转动，能够在钻夹头工作前和工作后，初始夹紧和松开钻具。
在本实施例中，后套3远离前体9的一端设置后盖1，后盖1与后体6紧配合，进而能够便于拆卸，同时还能够防止后套3从后体上脱离，保证了整个扁爪钻夹头的稳定性。重要的是通过用手扭动后盖、继而带动固定连接的后体转动，实现夹爪的初始夹紧钻具或是松开钻具的目的。
在本实施例中，后盖1上设置有紧固螺栓5，能够将后盖1与后体6锁定，以保证后盖1与后体6之间不会进行相对转动。
优选的实施方式为，所述连接部6-1为具有内螺纹的螺纹孔或锥面锥孔。
在本实施例中，后体6通过螺纹孔或是锥面锥孔与设备进行连接。但需要指出的是，后体6与设备的连接方式还有很多中，如还可以是销轴连接、铰接等，也就是说，其只要能够将后体6与设备连接在一起即可。
本发明提供的扁爪自紧钻夹头，通过驱动后体6的转动来驱动与后体6螺纹连接的螺杆7，螺杆7受夹爪4的限制，只能前后轴向移动，不会径向转动，进一步在螺杆7移动的过程中，带动夹爪4的移动，实现了夹爪4的闭合和松开，且将后体6与螺杆7之间使用多头螺纹进行连接，保证了 在钻夹头在工作中夹紧闭合后，能够很方便的松开，实现通过手动即可打开钻夹头的夹爪4的目的，操作简单方便。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，包括后套、后体、螺杆、前体和多个夹爪；
    所述后体的一端设置有内孔，所述内孔为螺纹孔；
    所述螺杆设置在所述内孔内，且与所述内孔螺纹连接；
    所述螺杆远离所述后体的一端设置有夹爪定位部；
    所述夹爪定位部上设置有多个夹爪定位槽，能够使所述夹爪只能在所述夹爪定位部上滑动；
    所述后体的另一端设置有用于与外接设备连接的连接部；
    所述后套的一端与所述前体固定连接，用于将所述后体固定在所述后套内，能够使后体只能在后套内径向转动，而不会沿着轴向方向移动；
    所述前体上设置有夹爪滑道，能够使所述夹爪只能在所述夹爪滑道内进行滑动；
    所述后套、所述后体、所述前体、所述螺杆和所述夹爪定位部同轴设置；
    所述内孔的内螺纹和所述螺杆的外螺纹均为多头螺纹。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述多头螺纹的螺旋升角α为2.4°≤α≤13.5°。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述夹爪为三角形板状结构；
    所述夹爪的三条边分别设置有能够与所述夹爪定位槽配合的定位滑动部、能够与所述夹爪滑道配合的滑道滑动部和能够与相邻的所述夹爪接触的两个夹持面；
    所述两个夹持面的夹角线与所述前体的轴心线平行；
    两个所述夹持面的夹角为120°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述前体设置在前套内，用于防止所述夹爪在所述夹爪滑道内滑出，以及只能使夹爪在前套的内锥面沿前体的夹爪滑道方向前后、上下移动，实现夹爪的夹紧或是松开。
    所述前套的一端与所述后套固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述前套与所述后套螺纹连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述夹爪滑道靠近所述后体的一端设置有夹爪拆装孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述后体远离所述前体的一端设置有滚珠或轴承，能够与所述后套进行滚动接触。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述后套远离所述前体的一端设置有后盖；
    所述后盖与所述后体远离所述前体的一端固定连接，用于驱动所述后体在所述前体和所述后套内进行转动，能够在钻夹头工作前和工作后，初始夹紧和松开钻具。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述前体与所述后套之间通过螺纹(或是凹凸槽)连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的扁爪自紧钻夹头，其特征在于，所述连接部为具有内螺纹的直孔或锥面的锥孔。
PCT/CN2016/111129 2016-06-03 2016-12-20 扁爪自紧钻夹头 WO2017206491A1 (zh)

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