WO2018103001A1 - 钢丝绳张紧装置、张紧方法及工程机械 - Google Patents

钢丝绳张紧装置、张紧方法及工程机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018103001A1
WO2018103001A1 PCT/CN2016/108809 CN2016108809W WO2018103001A1 WO 2018103001 A1 WO2018103001 A1 WO 2018103001A1 CN 2016108809 W CN2016108809 W CN 2016108809W WO 2018103001 A1 WO2018103001 A1 WO 2018103001A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wire rope
tensioning
tensioning device
steel wire
rope
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Application number
PCT/CN2016/108809
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周希
张正得
邓永建
朱涛
杜孝杰
郝朝利
缪加平
Original Assignee
徐州重型机械有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 徐州重型机械有限公司 filed Critical 徐州重型机械有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2016/108809 priority Critical patent/WO2018103001A1/zh
Publication of WO2018103001A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018103001A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B66D1/40—Control devices
    • B66D1/48—Control devices automatic
    • B66D1/50—Control devices automatic for maintaining predetermined rope, cable, or chain tension, e.g. in ropes or cables for towing craft, in chains for anchors; Warping or mooring winch-cable tension control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D3/00—Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
    • B66D3/18—Power-operated hoists

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a wire rope tensioning device, a tensioning method and a construction machine.
  • a crane is a lifting device that vertically lifts and horizontally carries heavy objects within a certain range, also known as a crane.
  • the hoisting mechanism of the crane is an essential mechanism for hoisting heavy objects, and is mainly composed of a driving device, a transmission device, a hoisting, a pulley block, a take-up device and a braking device.
  • Hoisting is a device that wraps a wire rope or chain with a reel to lift a heavy object.
  • a wire rope is a flexible rope that is twisted with multiple or multiple strands of steel wire. The multi-layer steel wire is first formed into a strand and then centered on the core. , a rope that is wound into a spiral by a certain number of strands.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a wire rope tensioning device comprising a force applying member and a tensioning member, the tensioning member being disposed in an extending path of the wire rope, the force applying member and the tensioning member a tight member connection for applying an external force opposite to the wire retracting direction to the tensioning member when the rope loading load of the wire rope is less than a preset value to provide a tension to the wire rope.
  • an external force provided by the urging member to the tensioning member is less than a static friction between the tensioning member and the wire rope.
  • an on-off component provided at the biasing component and the tensioning Between the components, for turning on when the rope loading load of the wire rope is less than a preset value, so that the force applying component can provide the tensioning component with an external force opposite to the wire rope retracting direction.
  • control unit is further included for controlling an operating state of the on-off component and/or the force-applying component according to the collection load.
  • the force applying member includes a driving member
  • the tensioning member includes a rotating member
  • the wire rope is disposed around the rotating member
  • the driving member is configured to apply the wire rope retracting direction to the rotating member The opposite moment provides a tension to the wire rope.
  • the rotating component includes a drive reel operatively coupled to the drive component.
  • the rotating component further includes a driven reel that rotates together with the active reel, and the active reel and the driven reel are spaced apart along an extending direction of the wire rope, and the wire rope is The active reel and the driven reel are integrally wound.
  • an on-off component is further included, the on-off component being disposed between the drive component and the active reel.
  • the spacing between the press rolls on the upper and lower sides is greater than the distance between the upper and lower wire ropes at the corresponding positions.
  • the drive component is a hydraulic motor that is coupled to a hydraulic system on the construction machine.
  • a relief valve is further included, the relief valve being coupled to the hydraulic motor for setting a reverse torque provided by the hydraulic motor to the rotating member.
  • the axis of the rotating member is parallel to the setting surface of the wire rope tensioning device and perpendicular to the extending direction of the wire rope.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a construction machine comprising the wire rope tensioning device of the above embodiment.
  • the construction machine is a crane.
  • the wire rope tensioning device is disposed on the boom or the turntable of the crane.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a tensioning method for a wire rope tensioning device based on the above embodiments, comprising:
  • the force applying member is controlled to provide an external force opposite to the wire rope retracting direction to the tensioning member to provide a tension to the wire rope.
  • the wire rope tensioning device includes an opening and closing member, and the switching member is disposed between the force applying member and the tensioning member, and when it is determined that the rope loading load of the wire rope is less than a preset value
  • the step of controlling the biasing member to provide the tensioning member with an external force opposite to the retracting direction of the wire rope specifically includes:
  • the urging member supplies an external force to the tensioning member opposite to the retracting direction of the wire rope.
  • the wire rope tensioning device of the present invention is provided with a tensioning member in the extending path of the wire rope, and when the wire rope load of the wire rope is less than a preset value, the force applying member can be applied to the tensioning member in a direction opposite to the wire rope retracting direction. External force to provide tension to the wire rope.
  • the wire rope tensioning device can make the wire rope tangibly and densely entangled when the rope collecting load is small, preventing the wire rope of a certain layer from being cut into other layers when the wire rope is subsequently loaded, and eliminating the different layers of the steel wire rope caused by the "cutting rope" problem.
  • the mutual pressure and friction force to improve the service life of the wire rope; and it can also reduce the vibration generated when the wire rope is loaded with the rope to improve the safety of the construction machinery.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a wire rope tensioning device of the present invention mounted on a crane;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a tensioning device for a crane according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the active reel of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the principle of an embodiment of a tensioning device for a crane according to the present invention
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the wire rope tensioning device of Figure 1.
  • 1-wire rope tensioning device 2-wire rope; 3-winding; 4-turning table; 5-hook; 6-arm head pulley set; 7-arm head guiding pulley; 8-arm frame; 11-active reel; - hydraulic motor; 13-pressure roller; 14-driven reel; 15-clutch; 16-reducer; 17-bearing; 18-base; 81-basic arm; 82-extension arm; .
  • the inventor has noticed that in the prior art crane, the rope is not wound by any other force in the process of winding on the reel except for the gravity of the wire rope and the hook, resulting in winding on the reel.
  • the wire ropes are loosely arranged and cannot be arranged neatly in layers. Therefore, when the crane is descending, the wire rope will stretch under the tensile force of the heavy object, and the diameter will decrease. At this time, the wire rope will cut into the lower layer of the adjacent wire rope, and the lower wire rope has no force to withstand.
  • the wire rope subjected to the pulling force of the heavy object is cut into other layers, which causes friction between the upper and lower wire ropes, that is, the upper steel wire rope and the reel sandwich the middle steel wire rope under pressure, which generates a large pressure. Or friction, thereby causing a decrease in the life of the wire rope.
  • the cut wire rope jumps directly from the cut-in layer to the uppermost layer, and the impact caused by the shock causes the whole vehicle to vibrate, and there is a hidden danger of rollover.
  • the present invention provides a wire rope tensioning device, such
  • the wire rope tensioning device can be used not only in cranes, but also in other construction machines with variable amplitude booms and lifting functions.
  • the embodiment given below will be mainly explained by taking a wire rope tensioning device applied to a crane as an example.
  • the crane is provided with a turntable 4, and the boom 8 is variably mounted on the turntable 4.
  • the root of the boom 8 is provided with a hoist 3 for controlling the retraction of the wire rope 2, and the arm of the boom 8
  • the head is provided with an arm guide pulley 7 and an arm pulley block 6.
  • the wire rope tensioning device 1 can be disposed on the turret 4, the basic arm 81 of the boom 8, or the arm head.
  • One end of the wire rope 2 is pulled out from the hoisting 3, passes through the wire rope tensioning device 1, and sequentially passes around the arm head pulley group 6 and the arm head guiding pulley 7, and the other end is connected to the hook 5.
  • the wire rope tensioning device 1 includes: a biasing member and a tensioning member, the tensioning member is disposed in an extending path of the wire rope 2, and the force applying member and the tensioning member The tight component is connected to apply an external force opposite to the retraction direction of the wire rope 2 to the tensioning member when the rope load of the wire rope 2 is less than a preset value to provide a tension to the wire rope 2.
  • the rope loading load is less than the preset value, including the empty hook collecting rope, and the wire rope 2 is subjected to a small external load.
  • the preset value can be used to find the experience value during the actual working process of the crane, which is to ensure that the wire rope 2 is neatly retracted. The minimum rope load for winding.
  • the tensioning member can be arranged on the boom 8 or the turntable 4 of the crane.
  • Fig. 1 shows the case where the tensioning member is placed on the basic arm 81 of the boom 8.
  • the space on the basic arm 81 is relatively abundant, and is free from other zeros. The interference of the components, and the distance from the hoisting 3 is closer, and a better tensioning effect can be achieved.
  • the wire rope tensioning device 1 can take the wire rope 2 in a tight state under the action of the external force to take the rope when the rope loading load of the wire rope 2 is small, so as to ensure that the wire rope 2 is tightly and tightly wound around the outer surface of the hoisting 3 to prevent the wire rope 2 from being tightly and tightly wound on the outer surface of the hoisting 3 Subsequent execution of the hoisting operation causes the wire rope 2 to elongate under the tensile force of the weight to reduce the diameter, thereby preventing the wire rope 2 of a certain layer from cutting into other layers, and eliminating the different layers of the wire rope 2 due to the "cutting rope" problem.
  • the mutual pressure and friction generated between the two avoid the occurrence of a gap or a broken rope on the wire rope 2 to improve the service life of the wire rope 2.
  • the tight and tight winding of the wire rope 2 can also reduce the vibration generated when the wire rope 2 is loaded with the rope, improve the working stability of the crane, and thereby improve the safety of use of construction machinery such as cranes.
  • the device is simple and easy to use, does not affect the whole system, and can be directly modified and applied on existing construction machines such as cranes.
  • the external force provided by the force applying member to the tensioning member is less than the static friction between the tensioning member and the wire rope 2, and the tension member and the wire rope 2 remain relatively stationary.
  • a better tensioning effect can be achieved, so that the external force provided by the force applying member to the tensioning member is all used to generate the tensioning force, and the wire rope 2 and the tension are avoided.
  • the relative slip produced by the tight component counteracts part of the tension.
  • the wire rope tensioning device 1 of the present invention may further include an on-off member disposed between the force applying member and the tensioning member for turning on when the rope load of the wire rope 2 is less than a preset value So that the force applying member can provide an external force opposite to the retracting direction of the wire rope 2 to the tensioning member; and is disconnected when the rope loading load of the wire rope 2 is not less than a preset value to cut off the force transmitting member to the tension member The path does not provide tension to the wire rope 2.
  • the on-off component is a clutch 15, and the operational state of the clutch 15 can be controlled by an electrical signal or a control oil passage.
  • the wire rope tensioning device 1 of the present invention may further comprise control means for automatically controlling the on-off operating state of the on-off component and/or the operating state of the force-applying component in accordance with the rope load.
  • control means for automatically controlling whether or not to activate the wire rope tensioning device 1 and the magnitude of the tension applied to the wire rope 2, depending on the operating conditions.
  • the control unit is a controller or the like, and the controller may be separately provided or integrated in a controller for realizing a specific function on the crane.
  • the tensioning member may be clamped on the extending path of the wire rope 2, and the urging member directly applies an external force opposite to the retracting direction of the wire rope 2 to the tensioning member to achieve an effect of increasing the tension for the wire rope 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a view in the direction of arrow A of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the operation of the wire rope tensioning device.
  • the urging member includes a driving member
  • the tensioning member includes a rotating member
  • the wire rope 2 is disposed around the rotating member, that is, wound around the rotating member, and the wire rope 2 is retracted along the arrow B under the rotation of the hoisting 3, and the driving member is used for the rotation
  • the component applies a moment opposite to the retraction direction of the wire rope 2 (as indicated by arrow C) to provide tension to the wire rope 2.
  • This embodiment is not limited by the stroke of the tensioning member, is more advantageous for applying the tensioning force, and can also save the volume of the wire rope tensioning device 1.
  • the rotating member comprises an active reel 11 operatively coupled to the drive member, the wire rope 2 being wound at least one turn as it passes through the active reel 11.
  • An on-off member may be disposed between the active reel 11 and the driving member to select whether or not an external force is applied to the active reel 11 by the driving member.
  • the operative connection includes a direct connection, a connection through a reducer, or a clutch connection.
  • the drive unit can be selected from a hydraulic motor 12 or a motor. As shown in FIG. 4, the hydraulic motor 12 is connected to the active reel 11 for driving the rotation of the active reel 11, and a clutch 15 and/or a reducer 16 may be disposed between the hydraulic motor 12 and the active reel 11, and the clutch 15 passes.
  • the control oil passage 151 controls the on-off state, and the reduction gear 16 is disposed inside the active reel 11.
  • the rotating member may further comprise a driven reel 14 that rotates with the active reel 11, the main The movable drum 11 and the driven reel 14 are spaced apart along the extending direction of the steel cord 2, and the steel cord 2 is wound integrally with the active reel 11 and the driven reel 14, that is, the winding central shaft of the steel cord 2 is located at the active reel 11 Between the driven roller 14 and the driven roller.
  • the wire rope 2 connected to the arm position of the boom 8 is sequentially connected to the hoist 3 after passing through the active reel 11 and the driven reel 14.
  • This embodiment is provided by arranging two rollers at intervals, which is equivalent to increasing the volume of the rotating member, thereby increasing the winding radius of the wire rope 2, and reducing the degree of bending of the wire rope 2 to improve the service life of the wire rope 2.
  • the tensioning force increases exponentially, so that the number of windings of the wire rope 2 on the active reel 11 and the driven reel 14 can be achieved.
  • the better tensioning effect can also avoid affecting the service life of the wire rope 2 and the efficiency of rope collection.
  • the wire rope 2 can be wound 3 to 5 turns.
  • the wire rope tensioning device 1 comprises a base 18, the ends of which are supported by the bearing block 17 on the base 18, the clutch A reducer 16 is provided at one end of the drive reel 11, and a reducer 16 is provided inside the drive reel 11.
  • the axes of the active reel 11 and the driven reel 14 are parallel to the surface of the boom 8 on which the wire rope tensioning device 1 is disposed, and perpendicular to the extending direction of the wire rope 2 to reduce the occupational height of the wire rope tensioning device 1 on the surface of the boom 8 And make the wire rope 2 as close as possible to the surface of the boom 8 to improve its safety.
  • the axes of the active reel 11 and the driven reel 14 can also be arranged perpendicular to the surface of the boom 8 and spaced apart along the direction in which the wire rope 2 extends.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which the hydraulic motor 12 is used as a driving member.
  • the hydraulic motor 12 can be directly connected to the hydraulic system on the crane, and can fully utilize the existing hydraulic system on the crane without adding an additional power system, and has a simple structure. , the cost is lower. Further, the hydraulic motor 12 can be connected to a relief valve for setting the reverse torque provided by the hydraulic motor 12 to the rotating member.
  • the overflow pressure of the relief valve is set to be smaller than the static friction between the wire rope 2 and the active reel 11.
  • the wire rope tensioning device 1 shown in Fig. 4 operates on the principle that the control oil passage 151 of the clutch 15 is closed to engage the clutch 15 when the crane empty hook is taken up or the rope load is small.
  • the active reel 11 rotates in the retracting direction of the wire rope 2
  • the hydraulic motor 12 rotates along the arrow C (refer to FIG. 2), and the hydraulic pressure can be made due to the external relief valve.
  • the motor 12 provides a small continuous reverse torque to the active reel 11 to create a frictional force between the wire 2 and the active reel 11, and the frictional force of the frictional force - the tension is greater than the hydraulic motor 12 overflow generated by the reverse Force (direction indicated by arrow D in Fig. 4), so in the process of retracting the wire rope 2 along the arrow B, the hydraulic motor 12 is always rotated, and the wire rope 2 is wound on the two reels, one winding, and the other One is released and the wire rope 2 remains relatively stationary between the active reel 11 and the driven reel 14.
  • the control oil passage 151 of the disconnecting clutch 15 separates the hydraulic motor 12 from the active reel 11, and at this time, the frictional force of the wire rope tensioning device 1 to the wire rope 2 is only the reel and the bearing housing.
  • the small rolling friction between 17 does not affect the normal rope release of the crane and the rope collection when the load exceeds the preset value.
  • the steering of the hydraulic motor 12 indicated by the arrow C in Fig. 2 is limited to the case where the input steering of the reducer 16 is the same as the output steering.
  • At least two pressure rollers 13 are further included, and at least two pressure rollers 13 are respectively disposed between the active reel 11 and the driven reel 14 for the wire rope 2
  • the upper and lower sides are used to restrain the wire rope 2 in the current roping passage, and ensure that the wire rope 2 rotates neatly in the rope groove of the reel.
  • One end of the pressure roller 13 may be fixed to the base 18 and disposed in parallel with the axes of the driven reel 11 and the driven reel 14.
  • the spacing between the upper and lower pressure rollers 13 is greater than the distance between the upper and lower wire ropes 2 at the respective positions to prevent the pressure roller 13 from adding additional resistance to the retraction of the wire rope 2.
  • the present invention also provides a construction machine comprising the wire rope tensioning device 1 according to the above embodiments, and any construction machine with a variable amplitude boom and having a lifting function is within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • a construction machine comprising the wire rope tensioning device 1 according to the above embodiments, and any construction machine with a variable amplitude boom and having a lifting function is within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the wire rope tensioning device 1 of the present invention when the wire rope load of the wire rope 2 is small, the wire rope 2 can be tightly and tightly wound in a tight state, and the wire rope 2 of a certain layer can be prevented from being cut into other layers as much as possible, thereby reducing each
  • the force between the layers of the steel wire 2 increases the service life of the wire rope 2, and also reduces the vibration generated when the wire rope 2 is subsequently loaded with the high-altitude rope, thereby improving the safety of the construction machinery.
  • the construction machine is a crane
  • the wire rope tensioning device 1 can be provided on the boom 8 (for example the basic arm 81 or the arm head) or the turntable 4 of the crane.
  • the present invention also provides a tensioning method based on the wire rope tensioning device of the above embodiment, in one embodiment, comprising the steps of: judging the rope load of the wire rope 2; if the wire rope load of the wire rope 2 is less than The preset value controls the biasing member to provide an external force opposite to the retraction direction of the wire rope 2 to the tensioning member to provide a tension to the wire rope 2.
  • the wire rope tensioning device 1 is provided with an on-off component, and the on-off component is disposed between the force-applying component and the tensioning component, and when it is determined that the rope-receiving load of the wire rope 2 is less than a preset value, the control is performed.
  • the step of the urging member providing the tension member with an external force opposite to the retracting direction of the wire rope 2 specifically includes: controlling the on and off The component is turned on; the force applying member provides an external force to the tensioning member opposite to the retraction direction of the wire rope 2.
  • the on-off member is the clutch 15, and the on-off operation state of the clutch 15 can be controlled by the control oil passage 151.

Abstract

一种钢丝绳张紧装置、张紧方法及工程机械，其中，钢丝绳张紧装置（1）包括施力部件和张紧部件，张紧部件设在钢丝绳（2）的延伸路径中，施力部件与张紧部件连接，用于在钢丝绳（2）的收绳负载小于预设值时向张紧部件提供与钢丝绳（2）收回方向相反的外力，以对钢丝绳（2）提供张紧力。此种钢丝绳张紧装置（1）能够使钢丝绳（2）在收绳负载较小时整齐致密地缠绕，防止钢丝绳（2）在后续带载时某层的钢丝绳（2）切入其它层中，消除由于"切绳"问题带来的不同层钢丝绳（2）之间相互的压力和摩擦力，以提高钢丝绳（2）的使用寿命；而且还能降低钢丝绳（2）负载放绳时产生的震动，以提高工程机械的使用安全性。

Description

钢丝绳张紧装置、张紧方法及工程机械 技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械技术领域，尤其涉及一种钢丝绳张紧装置、张紧方法及工程机械。
背景技术
起重机是指在一定范围内垂直提升和水平搬运重物的起重机械，又称吊车。起重机的起升机构是起吊重物的必备机构，主要由驱动装置、传动装置、卷扬、滑轮组、取物装置和制动装置组成。卷扬是用卷筒缠绕钢丝绳或链条以提升重物的装置，钢丝绳是指用多根或多股细钢丝拧成的挠性绳索，先由多层钢丝捻成股，再以绳芯为中心，由一定数量股绕成螺旋状的绳。
在起重机不需要吊重时，通过卷扬将钢丝绳收回并缠绕在卷筒上实现盘绳，目前存在的问题是，起重机的吊钩在空钩起升后，如果再从高空往下吊重物，当重物重量达到一定值但不超载的工况下，会出现“切绳”(又称“勒绳”)问题，即卷扬外层钢丝绳挤进下面的层中，或下层钢丝绳挤到上面的层中。
起重机遇到“切绳”问题时，会造成钢丝绳承受较大的压力和摩擦力，极易造成钢丝绳断丝或在钢丝绳上形成缺口，长期使用后会影响钢丝绳的寿命，而且在后续高空吊重下降时，可能导致强烈的震动，造成整车晃动，甚至出现翻车等重大吊装事故。
发明内容
为实现上述目的，本发明第一方面提供了一种钢丝绳张紧装置，包括施力部件和张紧部件，所述张紧部件设在钢丝绳的延伸路径中，所述施力部件与所述张紧部件连接，用于在所述钢丝绳的收绳负载小于预设值时向所述张紧部件施加与所述钢丝绳收回方向相反的外力，以对所述钢丝绳提供张紧力。
进一步地，所述施力部件向所述张紧部件提供的外力小于所述张紧部件与所述钢丝绳之间的静摩擦力。
进一步地，还包括通断部件，所述通断部件设在所述施力部件与所述张紧 部件之间，用于在所述钢丝绳的收绳负载小于预设值时接通，以使所述施力部件能够向所述张紧部件提供与所述钢丝绳收回方向相反的外力。
进一步地，还包括控制部件，用于根据所述收绳负载控制所述通断部件和/或所述施力部件的工作状态。
进一步地，所述施力部件包括驱动部件，所述张紧部件包括转动部件，所述钢丝绳绕过所述转动部件设置，所述驱动部件用于向所述转动部件施加与所述钢丝绳收回方向相反的力矩，以对所述钢丝绳提供张紧力。
进一步地，所述转动部件包括主动卷筒，所述主动卷筒与所述驱动部件可操作地连接。
进一步地，所述转动部件还包括随所述主动卷筒一起转动的从动卷筒，所述主动卷筒和所述从动卷筒沿着所述钢丝绳的延伸方向间隔设置，所述钢丝绳以所述主动卷筒和所述从动卷筒为整体进行缠绕。
进一步地，还包括通断部件，所述通断部件设在所述驱动部件与所述主动卷筒之间。
进一步地，还包括至少两个压辊，至少两个所述压辊分别设在所述主动卷筒和所述从动卷筒之间钢丝绳的上下两侧，用于将所述钢丝绳限制在当前的绕绳通道内。
进一步地，上下两侧所述压辊之间的间距大于相应位置处上下钢丝绳之间的距离。
进一步地，所述驱动部件为液压马达，所述液压马达与工程机械上的液压系统连接。
进一步地，还包括溢流阀，所述溢流阀与所述液压马达连接，用于设定所述液压马达向所述转动部件提供的反向力矩。
进一步地，所述转动部件的轴线平行于钢丝绳张紧装置的设置表面，且垂直于所述钢丝绳的延伸方向。
为实现上述目的，本发明第二方面提供了一种工程机械，包括上述实施例所述的钢丝绳张紧装置。
进一步地，所述工程机械为起重机。
进一步地，钢丝绳张紧装置设在所述起重机的臂架或转台上。
为实现上述目的，本发明第三方面提供了一种基于上述各实施例钢丝绳张紧装置的张紧方法，包括：
对所述钢丝绳的收绳负载进行判断；
如果所述钢丝绳的收绳负载小于预设值则控制所述施力部件向所述张紧部件提供与所述钢丝绳收回方向相反的外力，以对所述钢丝绳提供张紧力。
进一步地，所述钢丝绳张紧装置包括通断部件，所述通断部件设在所述施力部件与所述张紧部件之间，在判断出所述钢丝绳的收绳负载小于预设值时，所述控制所述施力部件向所述张紧部件提供与所述钢丝绳收回方向相反的外力的步骤具体包括：
控制所述通断部件接通；
所述施力部件向所述张紧部件提供与所述钢丝绳收回方向相反的外力。
基于上述技术方案，本发明的钢丝绳张紧装置，在钢丝绳的延伸路径中设置张紧部件，在钢丝绳的收绳负载小于预设值时，施力部件可向张紧部件施加与钢丝绳收回方向相反的外力，以对钢丝绳提供张紧力。此种钢丝绳张紧装置能够使钢丝绳在收绳负载较小时整齐致密地缠绕，防止钢丝绳在后续带载时某层的钢丝绳切入其它层中，消除由于“切绳”问题带来的不同层钢丝绳之间相互的压力和摩擦力，以提高钢丝绳的使用寿命；而且还能降低钢丝绳带载放绳时产生的震动，以提高工程机械的使用安全性。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明的钢丝绳张紧装置安装在起重机上的结构示意图；
图2为本发明起重机用张紧装置的一个实施例的结构示意图；
图3为图2中主动卷筒的结构示意图；
图4为本发明起重机用张紧装置的一个实施例的原理示意图；
图5为图1中钢丝绳张紧装置的放大图。
附图标记说明
1-钢丝绳张紧装置；2-钢丝绳；3-卷扬；4-转台；5-吊钩；6-臂头滑轮组；7-臂头导向滑轮；8-臂架；11-主动卷筒；12-液压马达；13-压辊；14-从动卷筒；15-离合器；16-减速机；17-轴承座；18-基座；81-基本臂；82-延伸臂；151-控制油路。
具体实施方式
以下详细说明本发明。在以下段落中，更为详细地限定了实施例的不同方面。如此限定的各方面可与任何其他的一个方面或多个方面组合，除非明确指出不可组合。尤其是，被认为是优选的或有利的任何特征可与其他一个或多个被认为是优选的或有利的特征组合。
本发明中出现的“第一”、“第二”等用语仅是为了方便描述，以区分具有相同名称的不同组成部件，并不表示先后或主次关系。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“内”、“外”、“上”、“下”、“左”和“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
发明人注意到，现有技术的起重机在空钩上升工况下，钢丝绳在缠绕在卷筒上的过程中除了受钢丝绳和吊钩的重力外，不受其它任何拉力，导致缠绕在卷筒上的钢丝绳排布松散，不能按层整齐排列。因而，起重机在后续带载下降时，钢丝绳在重物的拉力作用下会伸长，同时直径会减小，这时钢丝绳就会切入下层的相邻钢丝绳之间，而下层的钢丝绳没有力量顶住拉紧钢丝绳的压力，就会使受到重物拉力的钢丝绳切入其它层中，导致上下层钢丝绳之间产生摩擦力，即在压力作用下上层钢绳和卷筒夹住中层钢丝绳，产生较大压力或摩擦力，由此造成钢丝绳的寿命下降。接下来在带载下降时，切入的钢丝绳直接从切入层跳到最上层，由此带来的冲击使整车发生震动，并存在翻车的隐患。
为了提高类似于起重机等工程机械中钢丝绳的使用寿命，应该保证起重机在空钩上升工况下钢丝绳仍能整齐致密地排列，以减小缠绕在卷筒上的各层钢丝绳之间的受力。按照这一思路，首先，本发明提供了一种钢丝绳张紧装置，此种 钢丝绳张紧装置不仅可以应用在起重机中，也可以应用在其它带有变幅臂架和具有起升功能的工程机械中。下面给出的实施例将主要以钢丝绳张紧装置应用在起重机中为例进行说明。
如图1所示，起重机上设有转台4，臂架8可变幅地安装在转台4上，臂架8的根部位置设有用于控制钢丝绳2收放的卷扬3，臂架8的臂头设有臂头导向滑轮7和臂头滑轮组6。钢丝绳张紧装置1可设置在转台4、臂架8的基本臂81或臂头上。钢丝绳2的一端从卷扬3拉出后，通过钢丝绳张紧装置1，并依次绕过臂头滑轮组6和臂头导向滑轮7后另一端与吊钩5连接。
如图1至图5所示，在本发明的一个实施例中，钢丝绳张紧装置1包括：施力部件和张紧部件，张紧部件设在钢丝绳2的延伸路径中，施力部件与张紧部件连接，用于在钢丝绳2的收绳负载小于预设值时向张紧部件施加与钢丝绳2收回方向相反的外力，以对钢丝绳2提供张紧力。其中，收绳负载小于预设值既包括空钩收绳，也包括钢丝绳2受到较小外负载的情况，预设值可在起重机实际工作过程中寻找经验值，是能够保证钢丝绳2收回时整齐缠绕的最小收绳负载。
张紧部件可设在起重机的臂架8或转台4上，图1给出了将张紧部件设在臂架8的基本臂81上的情况，基本臂81上空间较为充裕，不受其它零部件的干扰，而且与卷扬3距离较近，能够达到较好的张紧效果。
此种钢丝绳张紧装置1能够在钢丝绳2的收绳负载较小时，使钢丝绳2在外力的作用下处于紧绷状态进行收绳，以保证钢丝绳2整齐致密地缠绕在卷扬3外表面，防止后续执行吊重作业使钢丝绳2在重物的拉力作用下伸长导致直径减小，从而避免某层的钢丝绳2切入到其它层中，消除由于“切绳”问题带来的不同层钢丝绳2之间产生的相互压力和摩擦力，避免在钢丝绳2上出现缺口或出现断绳现象，以提高钢丝绳2的使用寿命。而且，钢丝绳2整齐致密地缠绕还能降低钢丝绳2带载放绳时产生的震动，提高起重机的作业稳定性，从而提高起重机等工程机械的使用安全性。另外，该装置简单易用，不影响整机系统，可以在现有起重机等工程机械上直接进行改装并应用。
优选地，施力部件向张紧部件提供的外力小于张紧部件与钢丝绳2之间的静摩擦力，张紧部件与钢丝绳2之间保持相对静止。这样能够达到较好的张紧效果，使施力部件向张紧部件提供的外力全部用于产生张紧力，避免钢丝绳2与张 紧部件产生的相对滑动抵消部分张紧力。
参考图4，本发明的钢丝绳张紧装置1还可包括通断部件，通断部件设在施力部件与张紧部件之间，用于在钢丝绳2的收绳负载小于预设值时接通，以使施力部件能够向张紧部件提供与钢丝绳2收回方向相反的外力；并在钢丝绳2的收绳负载不小于预设值时断开，以切断施力部件向张紧部件传力的路径，不向钢丝绳2提供张紧力。优选地，如图4所示，通断部件为离合器15，离合器15的工作状态可通过电信号或控制油路来控制。
进一步地，本发明的钢丝绳张紧装置1还可包括控制部件，用于根据收绳负载自动控制通断部件的通断工作状态、和/或施力部件的工作状态。通过设置控制部件，能够根据工况自动控制选择是否启用钢丝绳张紧装置1以及为钢丝绳2施加张紧力的大小。优选地，控制部件为控制器等，既可以单独设置控制器，也可以集成在起重机上实现特定功能的控制器中。
在一种实施例中，张紧部件可以夹持在钢丝绳2的延伸路径上，施力部件直接向张紧部件施加与钢丝绳2收回方向相反的外力，以达到为钢丝绳2增加张紧力的效果。
在另一种实施例中，图2为图1的A向视图，图4给出钢丝绳张紧装置的工作原理图。施力部件包括驱动部件，张紧部件包括转动部件，钢丝绳2绕过转动部件设置，即缠绕在转动部件上，钢丝绳2在卷扬3的转动下沿着箭头B收回，驱动部件用于向转动部件施加与钢丝绳2收回方向相反的力矩(如箭头C所指的方向)，以对钢丝绳2提供张紧力。该实施例不受张紧部件运动行程的限制，更有利于施加张紧力，还能够节省钢丝绳张紧装置1的体积。
其中，转动部件包括主动卷筒11，主动卷筒11与驱动部件可操作地连接，钢丝绳2在通过主动卷筒11时至少缠绕一圈。主动卷筒11与驱动部件之间可设置通断部件，以选择是否通过驱动部件向主动卷筒11施加外力。可操作地连接包括直接连接、通过减速机连接或通过离合器连接等。驱动部件可选择液压马达12或电机等。如图4所示，液压马达12与主动卷筒11连接，用于驱动主动卷筒11转动，液压马达12与主动卷筒11之间可设有离合器15和/或减速机16，离合器15通过控制油路151控制通断状态，减速机16设在主动卷筒11内部。
在此基础上，转动部件还可包括随主动卷筒11一起转动的从动卷筒14，主 动卷筒11和从动卷筒14沿着钢丝绳2的延伸方向间隔设置，钢丝绳2以主动卷筒11和从动卷筒14为整体进行缠绕，即钢丝绳2的缠绕中心轴位于主动卷筒11和从动卷筒14之间。连接在臂架8臂头位置的钢丝绳2依次经过主动卷筒11和从动卷筒14后与卷扬3连接。该实施例通过间隔设置两个滚筒，相当于增大了转动部件的体积，从而增大了钢丝绳2的缠绕半径，能够减少钢丝绳2的弯折程度，以提高钢丝绳2的使用寿命。
根据张紧力的需求，随着缠绕圈数的增加，张紧力成指数倍增长，因而可使钢丝绳2在主动卷筒11和从动卷筒14上的缠绕合适的圈数，既能达到较优的张紧效果，也能尽量避免影响钢丝绳2的使用寿命和收绳效率。优选地，钢丝绳2可缠绕3至5圈。
在具体的结构设置中，参考图2和图3，钢丝绳张紧装置1包括基座18，主动卷筒11和从动卷筒14的端部可通过轴承座17支撑在基座18上，离合器15和减速机16设在主动卷筒11的一端，减速机16设在主动卷筒11内部。主动卷筒11和从动卷筒14的轴线平行于设置钢丝绳张紧装置1的臂架8表面，且垂直于钢丝绳2的延伸方向，以降低钢丝绳张紧装置1在臂架8表面的占用高度，并使钢丝绳2尽量贴近臂架8表面，以提高其使用安全性。作为扩展，主动卷筒11和从动卷筒14的轴线也可垂直于臂架8表面设置，并沿着钢丝绳2的延伸方向间隔设置。
图4给出了采用液压马达12作为驱动部件的实施例，液压马达12可直接连接在起重机上的液压系统中，能够充分利用起重机上已有的液压系统，无需增加额外的动力系统，结构简单，成本较低。进一步地，液压马达12可连接溢流阀，用于设定液压马达12向转动部件提供的反向力矩。
优选地，将溢流阀的溢出压力设定成小于钢丝绳2与主动卷筒11之间的静摩擦力。图4所示钢丝绳张紧装置1的工作原理为：在起重机空钩收绳或收绳负载较小时，接通离合器15的控制油路151使离合器15吸合。在钢丝绳2沿着箭头B收回的过程中，主动卷筒11沿着钢丝绳2的收回方向转动，液压马达12一直沿着箭头C转动(参考图2)，由于外接了溢流阀，可使液压马达12向主动卷筒11提供一个较小的持续的反向力矩，从而使钢丝绳2与主动卷筒11之间产生摩擦力，而此摩擦力的绳向分力——张紧力大于液压马达12溢流产生的反向 力(图4中箭头D所指方向)，所以钢丝绳2在被卷扬3沿着箭头B收回的过程中，液压马达12一直转动，钢丝绳2在两个卷筒上相对缠绕，一个缠绕，另一个释放，而且钢丝绳2与主动卷筒11和从动卷筒14之间保持相对静止。在不需要启用钢丝绳张紧装置1时，切断离合器15的控制油路151使液压马达12和主动卷筒11分离，此时钢丝绳张紧装置1带给钢丝绳2的摩擦力只有卷筒与轴承座17之间较小的滚动摩擦力，不影响起重机正常放绳和带载超过预设值时的收绳。图2中箭头C所指的液压马达12的转向仅限于减速机16的输入转向与输出转向相同的情况。
在上述实施例的基础上，如图2和图5所示，还包括至少两个压辊13，至少两个压辊13分别设在主动卷筒11和从动卷筒14之间钢丝绳2的上下两侧，用于将钢丝绳2限制在当前的绕绳通道内，保证钢丝绳2在卷筒的绳槽内整齐转动。压辊13的一端可固定在基座18上，并与主动卷筒11和从动卷筒14的轴线平行设置。优选地，上下两侧压辊13之间的间距大于相应位置处上下钢丝绳2之间的距离，以避免压辊13为钢丝绳2的收回增加额外的阻力。
其次，本发明还提供了一种工程机械，包括上述各实施例所述的钢丝绳张紧装置1，任何带有变幅臂架的并具有起升功能的工程机械都在本发明的保护范围之内。通过设置本发明的钢丝绳张紧装置1，能够在钢丝绳2的收绳负载较小时，使钢丝绳2以绷紧的状态整齐致密地缠绕，尽量避免某层的钢丝绳2切入其它层中，减小各层钢丝绳2之间的作用力，以提高钢丝绳2的使用寿命，而且还能降低钢丝绳2后续带载高空放绳时产生的震动，以提高工程机械作业安全性。
优选地，工程机械为起重机，钢丝绳张紧装置1可设在起重机的臂架8(例如基本臂81或臂头)或转台4上。
最后，本发明还提供了一种基于上述实施例钢丝绳张紧装置的张紧方法，在一个实施例中，包括如下步骤：对钢丝绳2的收绳负载进行判断；如果钢丝绳2的收绳负载小于预设值则控制施力部件向张紧部件提供与钢丝绳2收回方向相反的外力，以对钢丝绳2提供张紧力。
在另一个实施例中，钢丝绳张紧装置1中设有通断部件，通断部件设在施力部件与张紧部件之间，在判断出钢丝绳2的收绳负载小于预设值时，控制施力部件向张紧部件提供与钢丝绳2收回方向相反的外力的步骤具体包括：控制通断 部件接通；施力部件向张紧部件提供与钢丝绳2收回方向相反的外力。针对图5所示的结构，通断部件为离合器15，可通过控制油路151控制离合器15的通断工作状态。
以上对本发明所提供的一种钢丝绳张紧装置、张紧方法及工程机械进行了详细介绍，这三个主题中的内容可以相互借鉴。本文中应用了具体的实施例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，包括：施力部件和张紧部件，所述张紧部件设在钢丝绳(2)的延伸路径中，所述施力部件与所述张紧部件连接，用于在所述钢丝绳(2)的收绳负载小于预设值时向所述张紧部件施加与所述钢丝绳(2)收回方向相反的外力，以对所述钢丝绳(2)提供张紧力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，所述施力部件向所述张紧部件提供的外力小于所述张紧部件与所述钢丝绳(2)之间的静摩擦力。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，还包括通断部件，所述通断部件设在所述施力部件与所述张紧部件之间，用于在所述钢丝绳(2)的收绳负载小于预设值时接通，以使所述施力部件能够向所述张紧部件提供与所述钢丝绳(2)收回方向相反的外力。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，还包括控制部件，用于根据所述收绳负载控制所述通断部件和/或所述施力部件的工作状态。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，所述施力部件包括驱动部件，所述张紧部件包括转动部件，所述钢丝绳(2)绕过所述转动部件设置，所述驱动部件用于向所述转动部件施加与所述钢丝绳(2)收回方向相反的力矩，以对所述钢丝绳(2)提供张紧力。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，所述转动部件包括主动卷筒(11)，所述主动卷筒(11)与所述驱动部件可操作地连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，所述转动部件还包括随所述主动卷筒(11)一起转动的从动卷筒(14)，所述主动卷筒(11)和所述从动卷筒沿着所述钢丝绳(2)的延伸方向间隔设置，所述钢丝绳(2)以所述主动卷筒(11)和所述从动卷筒(14)为整体进行缠绕。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，还包括通断部件，所述通断部件设在所述驱动部件与所述主动卷筒(11)之间。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，还包括至少两个压辊(13)，至少两个所述压辊(13)分别设在所述主动卷筒(11)和所述从动卷筒(14)之间钢丝绳(2)的上下两侧，用于将所述钢丝绳(2)限制在当前的 绕绳通道内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，上下两侧所述压辊(13)之间的间距大于相应位置处上下钢丝绳(2)之间的距离。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，所述驱动部件为液压马达(12)，所述液压马达(12)与工程机械上的液压系统连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，还包括溢流阀，所述溢流阀与所述液压马达(12)连接，用于设定所述液压马达(12)向所述转动部件提供的反向力矩。
  13. 根据权利要求5所述的钢丝绳张紧装置，其特征在于，所述转动部件的轴线平行于钢丝绳张紧装置(1)的设置表面，且垂直于所述钢丝绳(2)的延伸方向。
  14. 一种工程机械，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～13任一所述的钢丝绳张紧装置(1)。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的工程机械，其特征在于，所述工程机械为起重机。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的工程机械，其特征在于，钢丝绳张紧装置(1)设在所述起重机的臂架(8)或转台(4)上。
  17. 一种基于权利要求1～13任一所述的钢丝绳张紧装置的张紧方法，其特征在于，包括：
    对所述钢丝绳(2)的收绳负载进行判断；
    如果所述钢丝绳(2)的收绳负载小于预设值则控制所述施力部件向所述张紧部件提供与所述钢丝绳(2)收回方向相反的外力，以对所述钢丝绳(2)提供张紧力。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的钢丝绳张紧方法，其特征在于，所述钢丝绳张紧装置(1)包括通断部件，所述通断部件设在所述施力部件与所述张紧部件之间，在判断出所述钢丝绳(2)的收绳负载小于预设值时，所述控制所述施力部件向所述张紧部件提供与所述钢丝绳(2)收回方向相反的外力的步骤具体包括：
    控制所述通断部件接通；
    所述施力部件向所述张紧部件提供与所述钢丝绳(2)收回方向相反的外力。
PCT/CN2016/108809 2016-12-07 2016-12-07 钢丝绳张紧装置、张紧方法及工程机械 WO2018103001A1 (zh)

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