WO2018082513A1 - 中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置及电动自行车 - Google Patents

中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置及电动自行车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018082513A1
WO2018082513A1 PCT/CN2017/108223 CN2017108223W WO2018082513A1 WO 2018082513 A1 WO2018082513 A1 WO 2018082513A1 CN 2017108223 W CN2017108223 W CN 2017108223W WO 2018082513 A1 WO2018082513 A1 WO 2018082513A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clutch block
screw rod
clutch
electric bicycle
screw
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PCT/CN2017/108223
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高峰
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太仓市悦博电动科技有限公司
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Application filed by 太仓市悦博电动科技有限公司 filed Critical 太仓市悦博电动科技有限公司
Publication of WO2018082513A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018082513A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62L—BRAKES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES
    • B62L5/00—Brakes, or actuating mechanisms therefor, controlled by back-pedalling
    • B62L5/006—Details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric bicycles, and relates to an inverted brake separating device for a center electric bicycle, and an electric bicycle using the same.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are schematic structural views of the outer ring of the clutch block and the motor output portion, respectively.
  • a circlip is usually arranged at the end of the screw rod to avoid damage to the electric bicycle caused by the falling off of the clutch block.
  • the radial force of the clutch block is large, after the brake hub is used for a long time, The phenomenon that the circlip is deformed or even detached may occur. In particular, if the circlip is detached during the riding process, it will cause the bicycle parts to fall off. In severe cases, the bicycle may be out of control, resulting in an accident and a serious threat. The rider’s riding is safe.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an electric brake for an intermediate electric bicycle and an electric bicycle using the same.
  • the invention provides an inverted brake separating device for a center electric bicycle, comprising a screw rod, a clutch block and a clutch block, the screw rod is mounted on the central shaft, and the clutch block is sleeved on the screw rod
  • One side of the clutch block is fixedly connected to the sprocket bracket, and the inner ring of the clutch block is threadedly engaged with the outer ring of the clutch connecting portion of the screw rod, and the outer ring of the clutch block and the motor
  • the output portion is in a friction fit
  • the other side of the clutch block is provided with a clutch block, the clutch block is connected to the screw, and the outer diameter of the clutch block is larger than the outer diameter of the clutch connection of the screw .
  • the clutch block is integrally formed with the screw.
  • the clutch block includes a hollow shaft portion and a retaining ring connected forward and backward, and the hollow shaft portion and the retaining ring are provided with a stopper shaft hole penetrating and fitted on the central shaft.
  • the hollow shaft portion is connected to the screw rod, and the outer diameter of the retaining ring is larger than the outer diameter of the clutch connecting portion of the screw rod.
  • the hollow shaft portion is screwed to the lead screw.
  • a stopper key groove is disposed in the shaft hole of the stopper, and the central shaft is provided with a stopper key adapted to the stopper key groove.
  • the lead screw is provided with a stepped hole, and a side having a larger diameter of the stepped hole is connected to an outer side of a hollow shaft portion of the clutch stop, and a side having a smaller diameter of the stepped hole and the middle Axis connection.
  • the side of the stepped hole having a larger diameter is provided with an internal thread
  • the outer side of the hollow shaft portion of the clutch stop is provided with an external thread that cooperates therewith.
  • a side of the stepped hole having a smaller diameter is provided with a screw key groove, and the middle shaft is further provided with a screw button corresponding to the screw key groove;
  • the screw keyway corresponds to the stop keyway and constitutes an integral keyway.
  • the screw key corresponds to the stopper key and constitutes an integral key.
  • the integral keyway cooperates with the integral key.
  • block keyway is a spline groove.
  • the present invention also provides an electric bicycle that uses the above-described reverse brake separating device to realize a reverse brake.
  • the present invention connects the clutch block to the screw rod, and the outer diameter of the clutch block is larger than the outer diameter of the clutch connection portion with the screw rod, and the displacement distance of the clutch block on the screw rod is restrained.
  • the utility model can effectively prevent the clutch block from falling off from the screw rod; at the same time, the connection between the clutch block and the screw rod is firm, and the stability and safety of the electric bicycle are ensured while satisfying the requirement of the brake braking.
  • 1 is a schematic structural view showing the outer ring of the clutch block of the prior art brake separation device separated from the motor output portion;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the outer ring of the clutch block of the prior art brake separation device in contact with the motor output portion;
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are schematic structural views of relevant portions of an electric bicycle reverse brake separating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6, and FIG. 7 are structural diagrams of related parts of an electric bicycle reverse brake separating device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment provides a reverse brake separation of a mid-mounted electric bicycle.
  • the device comprises a lead screw 1, a clutch block 2 and a clutch block 11 mounted on a central shaft, the clutch block 2 being sleeved on the clutch connection portion 13 of the screw rod 1, the clutch One side of the block 2 is fixedly connected to the sprocket bracket 6 , the inner ring of the clutch block 2 is threadedly engaged with the outer ring of the clutch connection portion 13 of the screw rod 1 , and the outer ring of the clutch block 2 and the motor output
  • the outer portion of the clutch block 2 is a frictional surface, and the clutch block 2 can be brought into close contact with the motor output portion 5; and the other side of the clutch block 2 is provided with a clutch block 11
  • the clutch block 11 is connected to the screw rod 1, and the outer diameter of the clutch block 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the clutch connection portion 13 of the screw rod 1.
  • the screw rod 1 is sleeved with a motor output portion 5, and the clutch block 2 is sleeved on the screw rod 1 and disposed on one side of the motor output portion 5.
  • One side of the clutch block 2 can be in contact with or separated from the motor output portion 5.
  • the motor output portion 5 is further provided with a motor connecting portion 12, and a ratchet structure is further disposed between the motor connecting portion 12 and the motor output portion 5.
  • a part of the central shaft of the motor connecting portion 12 is slidably engaged with the inner ring of the screw rod 1,
  • the end portion is a crank connecting end 7, and of course, the center shaft can also use a combined center shaft of the left and right structures instead of the single shaft 10.
  • the outer diameter of the clutch block 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the clutch connecting portion 13 with the screw rod 1, and the clutch block 2 is bound to the screw rod 1.
  • the displacement distance effectively prevents the clutch block 2 from falling off the screw rod; at the same time, the connection between the clutch block 11 and the screw rod 1 is firm, and the stability and safety of the electric bicycle are ensured while satisfying the demand for the brake braking. .
  • the clutch block 11 in the above embodiment can be designed to be integrally formed with the screw rod 1 to improve the connection strength between the screw rod 1 and the motor output portion 5, that is, the screw rod 1 can be made into a T with a central shaft hole.
  • the structure is formed as a clutch block 11 by a protrusion integrally formed with the end of the shaft of the screw shaft 1 instead of the circlip structure, and the thrust bearing is matched, so that the clutch block 11 at the end of the screw rod 1 can withstand riding. Due to the movement of the screw rod, the lateral force generated by the connection of the clutch block 2 and the motor output portion 5 solves the problem that the card spring is deformed and detached.
  • the screw rod 1 in the above embodiment may be a single-head or multi-head screw rod, preferably a multi-head screw rod, which has the advantage that the clutch block 2 can be quickly brought into contact with the motor output portion 5 with a small rotation angle or Separation.
  • the motor output portion 5 is a component that is driven by the central motor electric drive through the one-way clutch, and the member is connected to the center shaft or the outer ring of the screw rod by rolling.
  • the rolling connection is usually by means of a bearing or a ball, and the motor output portion comes into contact with the clutch 2 when the electric drive is advanced, and drives the electric vehicle to advance.
  • the clutch block 11 is disposed separately from the lead screw 1, and specifically, the clutch block 11 includes front and rear connections. a hollow shaft portion 14 and a retaining ring 15, wherein the hollow shaft portion 14 and the retaining ring 15 are provided with a stopper shaft hole 16 penetrating and fitted on the central shaft, the hollow shaft portion 14 and the seat The screw rod 1 is connected, and the outer diameter of the retaining ring 15 is larger than the outer diameter of the clutch connecting portion 13 of the screw rod 1, so that the clutch block 2 cannot be detached from one end of the clutch block stopper 11.
  • the hollow shaft portion 14 of the clutch block 11 is connected to the lead screw 1 by means of a screw connection. Further, the inner hole of the screw rod 1 and the clutch block is screwed into the inner hole. Threaded, the outer wall of the hollow shaft portion 14 is provided with external threads, and the two cooperate with each other to complete the connection.
  • the screw rod 1 is provided with a stepped hole, the side of the stepped hole having a larger diameter and the hollow shaft of the clutch stop 11 The outer portion of the portion 14 is screwed, and the side of the stepped hole having a smaller diameter is connected to the central shaft.
  • the stopper shaft hole 16 is provided with a stopper key groove
  • the center shaft is provided with a stopper key adapted to the stopper key groove.
  • the side of the stepped hole having a smaller diameter is provided with a screw key groove
  • the middle shaft is further provided with a screw key corresponding to the screw key groove; the screw key groove and the block.
  • the block keyway corresponds to and constitutes an integral keyway
  • the screw key corresponds to the stop key and constitutes an integral key
  • the integral keyway cooperates with the integral key, and after the middle shaft is inserted, due to the key connection, The rotation of the clutch block is locked and cannot be rotated and disengaged, ensuring the synchronous rotation of the clutch block 11 and the screw 1.
  • the stopper key groove of the clutch block 11 may be a single key groove or a spline groove, preferably a spline groove, and is provided as a spline groove, which ensures that the clutch block 11 is rotated within 60 degrees in any direction, which is inevitable. It is possible to realize the stopper of the screw key groove of the screw rod 1 and the clutch block 11 The alignment of the keyway reduces assembly difficulty.
  • the clutch block 11 in the structure realizes the distance limitation of the radial movement of the clutch block 2, avoiding excessive separation or falling of the clutch block 2 due to excessive pedaling during the reverse brake, and at the same time, the screwed clutch block The stopper 11 is stopped by the key connection. Therefore, the reverse brake stroke of the clutch block 2 can be conveniently adjusted by the cooperation of the key connection and the rotation of the clutch block block 11, which is simple and reliable.
  • the screw connection of the clutch block 11 and the screw rod 1 effectively prevents the parts that are sleeved on the screw rod from falling off, thereby reducing the difficulty of the assembly process.
  • a center-mounted electric bicycle has a structure in which the clutch brake block 11 and the screw rod 1 are separated.
  • the axis is a left and right axis structure, and is composed of a combination of the left axis 3 and the right axis 4.
  • a portion of the right shaft 4 is slidably engaged with the inner ring of the screw shaft 1, the end portion being the crank connecting end 7, and the other portion being inserted into the inside of the left shaft 3, and the end portion of the insertion portion being fixedly coupled to the inside of the left shaft 3.
  • One end of the left shaft 3 is mounted with a left crank, the other part is sleeved on the right shaft 4, and the end portion is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the screw rod 1; the output of the motor rotor 9 is directly connected to the motor connecting portion through a speed reduction mechanism 12.
  • the motor connection portion 12 is connected to the motor output portion 5 via a one-way ratchet 8.
  • a part of the outer ring of the lead screw 1 is connected to the motor output portion 5 via a bearing, and the bearing is one or more, at least one of which is a thrust bearing for supporting the axial force between the motor output portion 5 and the lead screw 1.
  • the ratchet structure can also adopt any one-way clutch structure.
  • the reverse brake separation device can employ a torque sensor or a speed sensor.
  • the torque sensor is mounted on the surface of the left shaft 3, and the torque sensor collects the shaft torque signal to the motor controller.
  • the speed sensor is used to detect the rotation speed of the middle shaft, and the implementation manner is not limited.
  • the magnetic steel can be set on the middle shaft, and the Hall sensor is set at a corresponding position to detect the rotation speed of the left shaft 3 or the right shaft 4.
  • the crank When riding, the crank is stepped forward, and the middle shaft relies on the key connection to transmit the torque to the screw 1 fixedly connected thereto.
  • the screw 1 rotates, and because the rear wheel has running resistance, it will act on the clutch block through the toothed disc. Up, thereby driving the clutch block 2 to move inwardly and contact the motor output portion 5, and then, due to the disengagement, the pedaling torque of the crank drives the clutch block 2 to rotate by the screw rod 1 and transmits the motion to the sprocket fixedly connected thereto, the pulley
  • the rear wheel of the bicycle begins to rotate, at this time, due to the screw torque and
  • the rear wheel cooperates with the resistance brought by the chain to the clutch block, and the clutch block relies on the pressure of the screw rod and the motor output portion 5 to compress and friction to realize the torque transmission.
  • the right shaft 4 drives the left shaft 3, and the left shaft 3 drives the screw shaft 1 to rotate, since the start is static, and the spline of the right shaft 4 and the screw 1
  • the keyway has an idle stroke for causing the central shaft to generate a torsion force
  • the right shaft 4 drives the left shaft 3 to rotate
  • the left shaft 3 and the screw shaft 1 have a torsion force
  • the torque sensor mounted on the surface thereof sends a signal to the motor, when the driving is stable
  • the pedaling force is directly transmitted to the screw shaft 1 through the right shaft 4.
  • the left shaft pedal When the left shaft pedal is stepped on, the left shaft 3 directly generates a torque with the screw rod 1, and the torque sensor mounted on the surface thereof sends a signal to the motor, while the left shaft 3 drives the right shaft 4 to rotate. After the empty stroke, the left shaft 3 is The pedaling force is transmitted to the screw shaft 1 through the right shaft 4; the motor can drive the motor output portion to rotate due to the single rotation characteristic of the ratchet wheel. Therefore, manpower and electric power work together on the clutch block 2 to drive the electric vehicle to travel, and the manpower and the electric power together drive the electric vehicle.
  • the motor at this time constitutes a resistance, and the ratchet mechanism constitutes a forward movement, so that the motor output portion 5 and the motor connecting portion 12 are formed.
  • the separation is the same as that of a normal bicycle at this time, driven by pure manpower, and avoids the resistance of the motor during exercise.
  • the motor connecting portion 12 When the pedaling is stopped, the motor connecting portion 12 is rotated due to the inertia of the motor rotation. Due to the single action of the ratchet or the single clutch, the motor output portion 5 is driven to continue to rotate at this time, and the center shaft will form a reverse resistance due to the stop of the pedaling. The screw 1 is rotated in the reverse direction, causing the clutch 2 to be separated from the motor output 5 to avoid personal injury due to motor inertia.
  • the crank When the brake is required, the crank is stepped backward, and the middle shaft transmits the pedaling force to the screw 1 fixedly connected thereto, and the screw 1 rotates in the reverse direction to drive the clutch 2 to separate from the motor output portion 5 and drive the reverse rotation of the sprocket.
  • the sprocket will move in the opposite direction to drive the brake to lock and realize the vehicle. brake.

Abstract

一种中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，包括丝杆（1）、离合块（2）和离合块挡块（11），丝杆安装在中轴上，离合块套在丝杆的离合连接部（13）上，离合块的一侧与链轮支架（6）固定连接，离合块的内圈与丝杆的离合连接部的外圈呈螺纹配合，离合块的外圈与电机输出部呈摩擦配合；并且，离合块的另一侧设置有离合块挡块，离合块挡块与丝杆连接，且离合块挡块的外径大于丝杆的离合连接部的外径。通过将离合块挡块与丝杆相连接，离合块挡块的外径大于与丝杆的离合连接部的外径，束缚了离合块在丝杆上的位移距离，有效防止离合块在丝杆上脱落。还公开一种采用该倒刹分离装置的电动自行车。

Description

中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置及电动自行车 技术领域
本发明涉及电动自行车技术领域，涉及一种中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，及使用该倒刹分离装置的电动自行车。
背景技术
现在自行车的倒刹技术应用越来越广，通过倒刹轮毂，将脚踏板反向踩下，链条反向运动，驱动倒刹轮毂进行刹车制动。现有技术中，该刹车制动技术也有用于电动车上的尝试，通过检测倒刹信号来切断电动车的电机输出，通过设置离合块来避免电机惯性力的不利影响，然后通过反向踩下脚踏板，从而实现快速制动，图1，图2分别为离合块的外圈与电机输出部分离和接触时的结构示意图。
然而，这种倒刹轮毂在使用过程中，由于离合块的旋转移动，导致倒刹过程中离合块会相对于中轴进行径向位移，如果位移距离过大，会发生丝杆上零件脱落。目前，为解决上述问题，通常会在丝杆末端设置卡簧，以避免因离合块的脱落而导致的电动自行车损坏现象，然而，由于离合块径向力较大，长期使用倒刹轮毂后，会发生卡簧受力变形甚至脱落的现象，特别地，如果在骑行过程中发生卡簧脱落而不知，将会导致自行车零件的脱落，严重情况下会发生自行车失控，导致事故发生，严重威胁骑行者的骑行安全。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述现有技术的不足，提供了一种中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，及使用该倒刹分离装置的电动自行车。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，包括丝杆、离合块和离合块挡块，所述丝杆安装在中轴上，所述离合块套在所述丝杆的离合连接部上，所述离合块的一侧与链轮支架固定连接，所述离合块的内圈与所述丝杆的离合连接部的外圈呈螺纹配合，所述离合块的外圈与电机输出部呈摩擦配合；并且，
所述离合块的另一侧设置有离合块挡块，所述离合块挡块与所述丝杆连接，且所述离合块挡块的外径大于所述丝杆的离合连接部的外径。
进一步地，所述离合块挡块与所述丝杆一体成型。
进一步地，所述离合块挡块包括前后连接的中空轴部和挡圈，所述中空轴部和所述挡圈内设置有贯通、且套装在所述中轴上的挡块轴孔，
所述中空轴部与所述丝杆连接，所述挡圈的外径大于所述丝杆的离合连接部的外径。
进一步地，所述中空轴部与所述丝杆螺纹连接。
进一步地，所述挡块轴孔内设置有挡块键槽，所述中轴上设置有与所述挡块键槽相适应的挡块键。
进一步地，所述丝杆设置有阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔直径较大的一侧与所述离合挡块的中空轴部的外侧连接，所述阶梯孔直径较小的一侧与所述中轴连接。
进一步地，所述阶梯孔直径较大的一侧设置有内螺纹，所述离合挡块的中空轴部的外侧设置有与其相配合的外螺纹。
进一步地，所述阶梯孔直径较小的一侧设置有丝杆键槽，所述中轴上还设置有与所述丝杆键槽相对应的丝杆键；
所述丝杆键槽与所述挡块键槽相对应并构成整体键槽，
所述丝杆键与所述挡块键相对应并构成整体键，
所述整体键槽与所述整体键相配合。
进一步地，所述挡块键槽为花键槽。
本发明还提供了一种电动自行车，其采用了上述的倒刹分离装置实现倒刹。
采用上述技术方案，本发明通过将离合块挡块与丝杆相连接，离合块挡块的外径大于与丝杆的离合连接部的外径，束缚了离合块在丝杆上的位移距离，有效防止离合块从丝杆上脱落；同时，离合块挡块与丝杆的连接牢固，在满足倒刹制动需求的同时，保证电动自行车使用的稳定性和安全性。
附图说明
图1为现有技术的倒刹分离装置的离合块的外圈与电机输出部分离的结构示意图；
图2为现有技术的倒刹分离装置的离合块的外圈与电机输出部接触的结构示意图；
图3、图4为本发明一实施例的电动自行车倒刹分离装置相关部分的结构示意图；
图5、图6、图7为本发明又一实施例的电动自行车倒刹分离装置相关部分的结构示意图。
其中：1、丝杆；2、离合块；3、左轴；4、右轴；5、电机输出部；6、链轮支架；7、曲柄连接端；8、单向棘轮；9、电机转子；10、单轴；11、离合块挡块；12、电机连接部；13、离合连接部；14、中空轴部；15、挡圈；16、挡块轴孔。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图3，图4所示，本实施例提供了一种中置电动自行车的倒刹分离 装置，包括丝杆1、离合块2和离合块挡块11，所述丝杆1安装在中轴上，所述离合块2套在所述丝杆1的离合连接部13上，所述离合块2的一侧与链轮支架6固定连接，所述离合块2的内圈与所述丝杆1的离合连接部13的外圈呈螺纹配合，所述离合块2的外圈与电机输出部5呈摩擦配合，离合块2的外圈为摩擦面，能够使离合块2与电机输出部5紧密相接触；并且，所述离合块2的另一侧设置有离合块挡块11，所述离合块挡块11与所述丝杆1连接，且所述离合块挡块11的外径大于所述丝杆1的离合连接部13的外径。
具体地，丝杆1套接有电机输出部5，离合块2套在丝杆1上，并设置在电机输出部5的一侧，离合块2的一侧可与电机输出部5接触或分离，电机输出部5还套设有电机连接部12，电机连接部12和电机输出部5之间还设置有棘轮结构，电机连接部12的中轴的一部分与丝杆1的内圈滑动配合，端部是曲柄连接端7，当然，中轴也可采用左右结构的组合中轴替代单轴10。
本实施例通过将离合块挡块11与丝杆1相连接，离合块挡块11的外径大于与丝杆1的离合连接部13的外径，束缚了离合块2在丝杆1上的位移距离，有效防止离合块2从丝杆1上脱落；同时，离合块挡块11与丝杆1的连接牢固，在满足倒刹制动需求的同时，保证电动自行车使用的稳定性和安全性。
优选地，上述实施例中的离合块挡块11可以设计成与丝杆1一体成型，提高丝杆1与电机输出部5的连接强度，即丝杆1可制成带有中心轴孔的T型结构，通过与丝杆1轴体末端制成一体的突起作为离合块挡块11，替代卡簧结构，并配合推力轴承，使得丝杆1末端的离合块挡块11可以承受骑行时，由于丝杆运动导致离合块2与电机输出部5连接产生的侧向力，解决卡簧受力变形脱落的问题。
上述实施例中的丝杆1，可以为单头或多头丝杆，优选采用多头丝杆，其优势在于，只需很小的旋转角度就能够快速使离合块2与电机输出部5相接触或者分离。
本发明所提供的中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置中，电机输出部5就是中置电机电力驱动通过单向离合器来驱动的一个部件，该部件通过滚动连接到中轴或者丝杆外圈的一部分上，滚动连接通常是用轴承或者滚珠的方式，该电机输出部在电力驱动前行时与离合块2接触，驱动电动车前行。
如图5、图6、图7所示的本发明又一实施例，与上述实施例不同地，离合块挡块11与丝杆1分体设置，具体地，离合块挡块11包括前后连接的中空轴部14和挡圈15，所述中空轴部14和所述挡圈15内设置有贯通、且套装在所述中轴上的挡块轴孔16，所述中空轴部14与所述丝杆1连接，所述挡圈15的外径大于所述丝杆1的离合连接部13的外径，使得离合块2不能由离合块挡块11一端脱落。
作为上述实施例的优选，离合块挡块11的中空轴部14通过螺纹连接的方式连接至丝杆1上，进一步地，所述丝杆1与离合块挡块螺纹连接处的内孔设置内螺纹，中空轴部14的外壁设置外螺纹，二者互相配合，完成连接。
优选地，为配合上述实施例的螺纹连接，并使本发明的结构更加紧凑合理，丝杆1设置有阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔直径较大的一侧与所述离合挡块11的中空轴部14的外侧螺纹连接，所述阶梯孔直径较小的一侧与所述中轴连接。
作为上述实施例的优选，挡块轴孔16内设置有挡块键槽，所述中轴上设置有与所述挡块键槽相适应的挡块键。进一步优选地，所述阶梯孔直径较小的一侧设置有丝杆键槽，所述中轴上还设置有与所述丝杆键槽相对应的丝杆键；所述丝杆键槽与所述挡块键槽相对应并构成整体键槽，所述丝杆键与所述挡块键相对应并构成整体键，所述整体键槽与所述整体键相配合，在中轴被插入后，由于键连接，离合块挡块的旋转被锁止，无法旋转脱开，保证了离合块挡块11与丝杆1的同步旋转。
上述实施例中离合块挡块11的挡块键槽，可以为单键槽或花键槽，优选为花键槽，设置为花键槽，保证了离合块挡块11在任意方向旋转60度的范围内，必然可以实现与丝杆1的丝杆键槽和离合块挡块11的挡块 键槽的对齐，从而降低装配难度。
该结构中的离合块挡块11实现了对离合块2径向运动的距离限定，避免了在倒刹过程中，由于过度踩踏使得离合块2过度分离或掉落，同时，旋接的离合块挡块11通过键连接止动，因此，通过键连接和离合块挡块11旋转的配合，可方便的调整离合块2的倒刹行程，简单可靠。此外，在倒刹分离装置的生产装配过程中，利用该离合块挡块11与丝杆1的螺纹连接，有效阻止了套接在丝杆上的各个零件脱落，降低组装工艺难度。
实施例1
如图5-7所示，一种中置电动自行车，其倒刹分离装置采用了离合块挡块11与丝杆1分体的结构。其中轴为左右轴结构，由左轴3和右轴4组合而成。右轴4的一部分与丝杆1的内圈滑动配合，端部是曲柄连接端7，另一部分插入左轴3内部，并且该插入部分的端部与左轴3的内部固定连接。左轴3一端安装左曲柄，另一部分套在所述的右轴4上，并且端部与所述的丝杆1的内圈固定连接；电机转子9的输出直接或通过减速机构连接电机连接部12，电机连接部12通过单向棘轮8与电机输出部5连接。
丝杆1外圈的一部分与电机输出部5通过轴承连接，所述轴承为一个或者多个，至少其中一个轴承为推力轴承，用来承受电机输出部5与丝杆1之间的轴向力。其中棘轮结构也可以采用任何一种单向离合器的结构。
倒刹分离装置可以采用扭力传感器或速度传感器。扭力传感器安装在左轴3的表面，扭力传感器采集中轴扭力信号给电机控制器。速度传感器用来检测中轴转动速度，实现方式不限，例如可以通过中轴上设置磁钢，霍尔传感器设置在相对应的位置，来检测左轴3或者右轴4的转速。
骑行时，向前踩踏曲柄，中轴依靠键连接将扭力传递给与之固定连接的丝杆1，丝杆1转动，由于后轮存在运行阻力，会通过齿盘反向作用在离合块2上，从而驱动离合块2向内运动并接触电机输出部5，随后由于离合作用，曲柄的踩踏扭力通过丝杆1带动离合块2旋转并将运动传递给与之固定连接的链轮，带轮自行车后轮开始旋转，此时，由于丝杆扭力和 后轮通过链条给离合块带来的阻力的共同作用，离合块依靠丝杆的压力与电机输出部5压紧摩擦实现扭力传递。在上述过程中，当踩踏右轴的踏板时，右轴4带动左轴3，左轴3带动丝杆1转动，由于起始时均为静止，并且右轴4的花键与丝杆1的键槽存在一段用于使中轴产生扭力的空行程，右轴4带动左轴3转动，左轴3与丝杆1存在一个扭力，安装在其表面的扭力传感器发出信号给电机，当行驶稳定后，右轴4行驶完空行程后，踩踏力直接通过右轴4传递给丝杆1。当踩踏左轴踏板时，左轴3直接与丝杆1产生扭力，安装在其表面的扭力传感器发出信号给电机，同时左轴3带动右轴4转动，行驶完空行程后，将左轴3的踩踏力通过右轴4传递给丝杆1；由于棘轮的单项转动特性，使得电机可驱动电机输出部转动。因此，人力和电力共同作用在离合块2上，驱动电动车行驶，人力和电力一起驱动电动车前行。
此时，若电池没电或关闭电机，由于电机输出部5依靠棘轮机构连接电机连接部12，此时的电机构成阻力，棘轮机构成顺向运动，使得了电机输出部5与电机连接部12的分离，此时骑行状态与普通自行车相同，由纯人力驱动，并避免了电机在行使过程中构成阻力。
在停止踩踏时，由于电机旋转惯性，会带动电机连接部12旋转，由于棘轮或单项离合器的单项作用，此时会驱动电机输出部5继续转动，由于停止踩踏，中轴会形成反向阻力，使得丝杆1逆向旋转，导致离合块2与电机输出部5分离，避免由于电机惯性造成的人员伤害。
需要倒刹时，向后踩踏曲柄，中轴将踩踏力传递给与之固定连接的丝杆1，丝杆1反向转动，驱动离合块2与电机输出部5分离并带动链轮反向转动，实现倒刹。此时不论电机是否在运转，都能保证电机的驱动力不会作用在链轮和曲柄上，避免电机运动造成人员受伤或损坏车辆，同时，链轮反向运动，带动刹车锁紧，实现车辆制动。通过键连接和离合块挡块旋转的配合，有效控制离合块的倒刹行程，保证电动自行车性能的稳定性和安全性。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细， 但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，其特征在于，包括丝杆、离合块和离合块挡块，所述丝杆安装在中轴上，所述离合块套在所述丝杆的离合连接部上，所述离合块的一侧与链轮支架固定连接，所述离合块的内圈与所述丝杆的离合连接部的外圈呈螺纹配合，所述离合块的外圈与电机输出部呈摩擦配合；并且，
    所述离合块的另一侧设置有离合块挡块，所述离合块挡块与所述丝杆连接，且所述离合块挡块的外径大于所述丝杆的离合连接部的外径。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，其特征在于，所述离合块挡块与所述丝杆一体成型。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，其特征在于，所述离合块挡块包括前后连接的中空轴部和挡圈，所述中空轴部和所述挡圈内设置有贯通、且套装在所述中轴上的挡块轴孔；
    所述中空轴部与所述丝杆连接，所述挡圈的外径大于所述丝杆的离合连接部的外径。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，其特征在于，所述中空轴部与所述丝杆螺纹连接。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，其特征在于，所述挡块轴孔内设置有挡块键槽，所述中轴上设置有与所述挡块键槽相适应的挡块键。
  6. 根据权利要求3或5所述的中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，其特征在于，所述丝杆设置有阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔直径较大的一侧与所述离合挡块的所述中空轴部的外侧连接，所述阶梯孔直径较小的一侧与所述中轴连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，其特征在于，所述阶梯孔直径较大的一侧设置有内螺纹，所述离合挡块的所述中 空轴部的外侧设置有与其相配合的外螺纹。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，其特征在于，所述阶梯孔直径较小的一侧设置有丝杆键槽，所述中轴上还设置有与所述丝杆键槽相对应的丝杆键；
    所述丝杆键槽与所述挡块键槽相对应并构成整体键槽，
    所述丝杆键与所述挡块键相对应并构成整体键，
    所述整体键槽与所述整体键相配合。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的中置电动自行车的倒刹分离装置，其特征在于，所述挡块键槽为花键槽。
  10. 一种电动自行车，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-9任一项所述的倒刹分离装置。
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