WO2018077067A1 - 一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2018077067A1
WO2018077067A1 PCT/CN2017/106516 CN2017106516W WO2018077067A1 WO 2018077067 A1 WO2018077067 A1 WO 2018077067A1 CN 2017106516 W CN2017106516 W CN 2017106516W WO 2018077067 A1 WO2018077067 A1 WO 2018077067A1
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Prior art keywords
welded
aluminum
blank
steel
aluminum alloy
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PCT/CN2017/106516
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English (en)
French (fr)
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潘华
苏永超
雷鸣
石磊
蒋浩民
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宝山钢铁股份有限公司
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Priority to MX2019004121A priority Critical patent/MX2019004121A/es
Priority to EP17864438.1A priority patent/EP3533558A4/en
Priority to JP2019520992A priority patent/JP6829312B2/ja
Priority to US16/339,215 priority patent/US11014195B2/en
Priority to KR1020197013481A priority patent/KR102292675B1/ko
Publication of WO2018077067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018077067A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/322—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving coated metal parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12757—Fe

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the manufacture of welded components, and in particular to a steel welded component with an aluminum or aluminum alloy coating and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • hot stamping is a common way to achieve high product strengthening. It combines heat treatment and high-temperature forming to achieve high strength. Laser stamping plate hot stamping can reduce the number of body parts and improve manufacturing precision while reducing weight.
  • Common laser tailor-welded hot stamping products mainly include: A-pillar, B-pillar, C-pillar, and intermediate passage. These hot stamping products have high strength, complex shape, good formability, high dimensional accuracy, and small rebound. Poor strength, poor thickness and other characteristics.
  • the surface state of the steel for hot stamping is divided into bare board and plated steel sheet. Since the hot stamped steel sheet with plating can eliminate the shot peening after hot stamping, it is getting more and more attention. .
  • the most commonly used hot-formed steels are aluminum or aluminum alloy coated hot stamped steel and zinc-based coated hot stamped steel. Because zinc-based coatings can cause cracks in the substrate, aluminum or aluminum alloy coated hot stamped steel is currently commonly used.
  • the coating is melted into the molten pool by welding heat, and a brittle and hard intermetallic compound (Fe 3 Al, Fe 2 Al 5 , FeAl 3 ) is formed.
  • the intermetallic compound will grow further, resulting in a significant decrease in the strength and ductility of the welded joint.
  • Chinese patent CN101426612A discloses a method for manufacturing a welded blank which is made of an aluminum-silicon coated steel sheet as a raw material and which only contains an intermetallic compound as a precoat layer. Specifically, the aluminum alloy layer in the plating layer is removed, and excessive aluminum is prevented from melting into the molten pool; the intermetallic compound layer in the plating layer is retained. The welded blank is then welded and hot stamped. Although the patent has removed the alloy layer in the coating, because the intermetallic compound layer is retained (retained thickness is 3 to 10 ⁇ m), the plating elements are still introduced into the weld, and improper control can easily reduce the weld performance; in addition, keep these The micron coating is also very difficult to implement stably, increasing the production risk.
  • the width of the welded blank to be welded of the removed plating layer is from 0.4 mm to 1.2 mm; preferably from 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm or from 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the composition weight percentage of the welded blank base body is: C: 0.08-0.8%, Si: 0.05-1.0%, Mn: 0.1-5%, P ⁇ 0.3%, S ⁇ 0.1%, Al ⁇ 0.3% , Ti ⁇ 0.5%, B: 0.0005-0.1%, Cr: 0.01-3%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the composition weight percentage of the welded blank base body is: C: 0.1-0.6%, Si: 0.07-0.7%, Mn: 0.3-4%, P ⁇ 0.2%, S ⁇ 0.08%, Al ⁇ 0.2% , Ti ⁇ 0.4%, B: 0.0005-0.08%, Cr: 0.01-2%, and the rest are Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the composition weight percentage of the welded blank base body is: C: 0.15-0.5%, Si: 0.1-0.5%, Mn: 0.5-3%, P ⁇ 0.1%, S ⁇ 0.05%, Al: ⁇ 0.1 %, Ti: ⁇ 0.2%, B: 0.0005-0.08%, Cr: 0.01-1%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the plating of the welded blank is pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the base of the welded blank has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
  • the steel welded part with aluminum or aluminum alloy plating layer of the invention is welded to the steel welded blank with aluminum or aluminum alloy plating layer, and is welded in the welded blank to be welded area where the plating layer has been completely removed.
  • the method for manufacturing a steel welded component with aluminum or aluminum alloy plating of the present invention adopts a welded steel blank with aluminum or aluminum alloy plating, and a welded portion of the steel welded blank to which the plating has been completely removed. Welding is performed to form a welded joint; a part is obtained by hot stamping, and the coating is completely converted into an intermetallic compound during hot stamping to provide corrosion protection and decarburization protection for the steel substrate; after austenitizing According to the mechanical performance requirements of the actual target of the component, a cooling rate greater than the critical martensite quenching transformation speed is selected for cooling.
  • the welding is by laser welding, preferably laser filler welding.
  • the plating of the area to be welded on at least one of the plated portions of the steel welded blank is removed by laser ablation.
  • the plating of the area to be welded on at least one of the plated surfaces of the steel welded blank is removed by mechanical peeling.
  • the steel welded blank of the present invention removes all the plating layer on the at least one plating surface of the steel welded blank before welding, and the end face of the welded blank on the side of the removed plating layer is parallel to the weld seam.
  • the vertical surface of the substrate surface forms an angle ⁇ .
  • the existence of the ⁇ angle causes a step of thickness transition in the removal side of the coating. Although the interval is narrow, it can effectively prevent the plating metal from melting into the molten pool or accumulating in the heat affected zone due to the welding heat cycle.
  • the present invention ensures that the plating metal does not enter the molten pool by completely removing the width and angle of the plating layer, thereby preventing the formation of a brittle and hard intermetallic compound (Fe) in the prior art due to the plating metal entering the molten pool.
  • a brittle and hard intermetallic compound Fe
  • 3 Al, Fe 2 Al 5 , FeAl 3 there is no problem that the strength and ductility of the welded joint are lowered due to the growth of the intermetallic compound during post-weld heat treatment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blank of a steel welded blank with aluminum or aluminum alloy coating layer completely removing the plating layer to be welded according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a metallographic diagram of a steel welded blank to be welded after the laser beam is completely deplated according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a metallographic view of a steel welded blank to be welded in the present invention after mechanically completely deplating;
  • Figure 4 is a metallographic view of the laser-welded head after hot stamping of the present invention.
  • the removal of the coating 2 can be monitored by photomicrograph offline inspection.
  • the effect of the deplating operation can also be quickly verified by an online optical inspection.
  • the difference in reflectance of the alloy layer 22 or the intermetallic compound layer 21 of the plating layer with the substrate 1 is remarkable. Therefore, the deplating operation can be monitored by measuring the reflectance or emissivity by a spectrometer: the coating removal area is illuminated with a light source, and an optical sensor is directed to the area. The measured value corresponds to the reflected energy; the value is compared with the reflectance or emissivity reference value of the alloy layer 22, the intermetallic compound layer 21 and the substrate 1 of the plating layer to monitor whether the depth of the deplating operation is up to standard.
  • the width W of the welded blank to be welded region 3 from which the plating is removed is 0.4 mm to 1.2 mm; preferably 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm or 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the plating layer 2 of the welded blank is pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the base 1 of the welded blank has a thickness H of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
  • the 1.2 mm steel plate with aluminum alloy coating was laser-dropped into a billet of 240 mm*110 mm.
  • the hot dip plating bath consisted of Si: 8.5%, Fe: 2.6%, and the rest were Al and inherent impurities.
  • Four different methods of welding blanks are used before laser tailoring:
  • Figure 2 shows the surface state of the steel sheet after complete deplating.
  • the second method is to remove a 0.8 mm wide aluminum silicon plating layer on both sides of a 240 mm side using a precision scraping apparatus.
  • ⁇ 45°
  • Fig. 3 shows the state of the edge portion of the steel sheet after the plating is removed by this method.
  • the third method (not according to the present invention): the aluminum alloy layer in the 0.6 mm wide plating layer is removed from both sides of the 240 mm length side of the billet by laser ablation, and the intermetallic compound layer is left.
  • the fourth method (not according to the present invention): laser welding is directly performed on the weld side without any treatment.
  • Laser welding is performed on the pressing process of the blank under the blank, the welding power is 4kW, the welding speed is 11.75m/min, the gap of the splice plate is reserved for 0mm, the defocusing amount is 0mm, and the welded joint is found to have an uncoated layer of about 1.0mm wide after welding.
  • the area of the metal is 4kW, the welding speed is 11.75m/min, the gap of the splice plate is reserved for 0mm, the defocusing amount is 0mm, and the welded joint is found to have an uncoated layer of about 1.0mm wide after welding. The area of the metal.
  • the tailor welded blank was subjected to hot stamping and quenching, the heating temperature was 930 ° C, the heating time was 3 minutes, and the pressure was maintained in the water-passing mold for 10 seconds.
  • the tailored blank is first completely austenitized, during which the plating and the atoms in the steel mutually expand, so that the original coating is completely converted into an intermetallic compound layer, and the thickness of the layer is greater than the thickness of the original coating. thicker.
  • the layer has a high melting point and high hardness, preventing the substrate from being oxidized and decarburized during the heating phase and the pressure holding phase.
  • the tailor welded blank undergoes martensite transformation, and finally a welded part with a tensile strength greater than 1450 MPa is obtained.
  • the 1.2mm aluminum alloy plated steel plate was laser-cut into a blank of 240mm*110mm.
  • the hot dip plating bath consisted of Si: 8.5%, Fe: 2.6%, and the rest were Al and inherent impurities.
  • a 0.6 mm wide aluminum silicon coating was removed from both sides of the 240 mm length side of the blank by laser ablation.
  • the moving speed of the spot relative to the steel plate was 8 m/min.
  • a total of 5 sets of swatches were prepared, but it should be noted that the beta angle of each set of blanks (according to the invention) is different, as shown in Table 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件，采用一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，所述焊接坯件由钢制基体（1）和镀层（2、2' ）构成，镀层（2）包括与所述基体（1）接触的金属间化合物合金层（21）及其上的金属合金层（22）；在焊接坯件的至少一个镀面上，位于焊接坯件待焊区域（3）的镀层（2）全部去除，且被去除待焊区域（3）镀层的焊接坯件镀层（2）端面（23）与平行于焊缝的基体（1）表面（11）垂直面成一夹角β，β＝0～80°。还涉及所述钢制焊接部件的拼焊及制造方法。该方法所制备的钢制焊接坯件保证了热冲压后焊接接头的抗拉强度、延伸率及耐蚀性。

Description

一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及焊接部件的制造，具体涉及一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件及其制造方法。
背景技术
近年来，高强减薄、节能减排一直是汽车行业的主要发展趋势，其中，热冲压是实现产品高强化的一种常用方式，它是通过热处理和高温成形相结合的方式来实现产品高强度；激光拼焊板热冲压，可以在减重的同时减少车身零件数量、提高制造精度。
常见的激光拼焊热冲压产品主要有：A柱、B柱、C柱、中通道等安全结构件，这些热冲压产品具有强度高、形状复杂、成形性好、尺寸精度高、回弹小、差强、差厚等特点。根据零件的服役情况，热冲压用钢表面状态分为裸板和带镀层的钢板，由于带镀层的热冲压钢板相对于裸板可以省掉热冲压后的喷丸处理，正越来越受到重视。最常用的热成形钢有铝或者铝合金镀层热冲压钢及锌基镀层热冲压钢，由于锌基镀层会产生到基体的裂纹，因此目前常用的还是铝或者铝合金镀层热冲压钢。但铝或者铝合金镀层板焊接时镀层受焊接热作用熔化进入熔池后，会形成脆而硬的金属间化合物(Fe3Al、Fe2Al5、FeAl3)，在焊后热处理时，这些金属间化合物会进一步长大，致使焊接接头的强度、延性大幅下降。
中国专利CN101426612A公开了一种以铝硅镀层钢板为原材料制造只含金属间化合物为预涂层的焊接坯件制造方法。具体为去除镀层中的铝合金层，避免过多的铝熔入熔池；保留镀层中的金属间化合物层。然后对所述焊接坯件进行焊接、热冲压。该专利尽管已去除镀层中的合金层，但因保留了金属间化合物层(保留厚度为3至10μm)，仍会向焊缝导入镀层元素，控制不当易降低焊缝性能；另外，保留这几个微米的镀层，稳定实施的难度也非常高，增加了生产风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件及其制造方法，保证了热冲压后焊接接头的抗拉强度、延伸率及耐蚀性。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，其由钢制基体和镀层构成，镀层包括与所述基体接触的金属间化合物合金层及其上的金属合金层；在焊接坯件的至少一个镀面上，位于焊接坯件待焊区域的镀层全部去除，且，被去除待焊区域镀层侧的焊接坯件镀层端面与平行于焊缝的基体表面垂直面成一夹角β，β＝0～80°，优选β＝5～60°。
优选的，被去除镀层的焊接坯件待焊区域的宽度为0.4mm～1.2mm；优选为0.5mm～1.0mm或0.6mm～0.8mm。
优选的，所述焊接坯件基体的成分重量百分比为：C：0.08-0.8％，Si：0.05-1.0％，Mn：0.1-5％，P<0.3％，S<0.1％，Al<0.3％，Ti<0.5％，B：0.0005-0.1％，Cr：0.01-3％，其余为Fe及不可避免杂质。
优选的，所述焊接坯件基体的成分重量百分比为：C：0.1-0.6％，Si：0.07-0.7％，Mn：0.3-4％，P<0.2％，S<0.08％，Al<0.2％，Ti<0.4％，B：0.0005-0.08％，Cr：0.01-2％，其余为Fe及不可避免杂质。
优选的，所述焊接坯件基体的成分重量百分比为：C：0.15-0.5％，Si：0.1-0.5％，Mn：0.5-3％，P<0.1％，S<0.05％，Al：<0.1％，Ti：<0.2％，B：0.0005-0.08％，Cr：0.01-1％，其余为Fe及不可避免杂质。
优选的，所述焊接坯件的镀层是纯铝或铝合金。
所述焊接坯件的基体厚度为0.5mm～3mm。
本发明的一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件，拼焊所述带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，在已完全去除镀层的焊接坯件待焊区域进行焊接。
本发明的带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件的制造方法，采用拼焊所述带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，在已完全去除镀层的钢制焊接坯件待焊区域进行焊接，形成焊接接头；通过热冲压方式来获得一个部件，所述镀层在热冲压过程中全部转变为金属间化合物，为钢制基体提供防腐蚀和防脱碳保护；经奥氏体化后，根据部件实际目标机械性能的要求，选取大于基体马氏体淬火临界转变速度的冷却速度进行冷却。
优选的，所述焊接采用激光焊，优选激光填丝焊。
优选的，通过激光烧蚀的方式去除钢制焊接坯件至少一个镀面上的待焊区域的镀层。
优选的，通过机械剥离的方式去除钢制焊接坯件至少一个镀面上的待焊区域的镀层。
本发明所述钢制焊接坯件在焊接之前，钢制焊接坯件的至少一个镀面上，位于待焊区域去除全部镀层，且被去除镀层侧的焊接坯件镀层端面与平行于焊缝的基体表面垂直面成一夹角β。
β角的存在，使镀层去除边存在一个逐步厚度过渡的区间，尽管区间很窄，但可以有效防止镀层金属受焊接热循环的作用熔化进入熔池或在焊接热影响区堆积。
如上所述，本发明通过设计完全去除镀层的宽度及角度，保证了镀层金属不会进入熔池，进而不会出现现有技术中由于镀层金属进入熔池形成脆而硬的金属间化合物(Fe3Al、Fe2Al5、FeAl3)，也就不会发生在焊后热处理时，因金属间化合物长大，致使焊接接头的强度、延性下降的问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件完全去除待焊区域镀层后的坯件示意图；
图2是本发明采用激光束完全去镀层后的钢制焊接坯件待焊区金相图；
图3是本发明采用机械完全去镀层后的钢制焊接坯件待焊区金相图；
图4是本发明热冲压后的激光拼焊接头金相图。
具体实施方式
为让本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。首先需要说明的是，本发明并不限于下述具体实施方式，本领域的技术人员应该从下述实施方式所体现的精神来理解本发明，各技术术语可以基于本发明的精神实质来作最宽泛的理解。
参见图1，本发明的一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，其由钢制基体1和镀层2、2’构成，镀层2(以镀层2为例，下同)包括与所述基体1接触的金属间化合物合金层21及其上的金属合金层22；在钢制焊接坯件的至少一个镀面上，位于焊接坯件待焊区域3的镀层2全部去除，且，被去除待焊区域3镀层侧的焊接坯件镀层2端面23与平行于焊缝的基体1表面11垂直面100成一夹角β，β＝0～80°，优选为β＝5～60°。
去除效果可以通过显微照相离线检验来监控镀层2的去除。也可以通过在线光学检验来迅速地检验去镀层操作的效果。镀层的合金层22或金属间化合物层21与基体1对光的反射率差异明显。因此，可通过分光计测量反射率或发射率来监控去镀层操作：利用光源照射镀层去除区域，将一个光学传感器指向该区域。所述测定数值对应于反射能量；将所述数值与镀层的合金层22、金属间化合物层21及基体1的反射率或发射率参考值相比较，来监控去镀层操作的深度是否达标。
被去除镀层的焊接坯件待焊区域3的宽度W为0.4mm～1.2mm；优选为0.5mm～1.0mm或0.6mm～0.8mm。
优选的，所述焊接坯件的镀层2是纯铝或铝合金。所述焊接坯件的基体1厚度H为0.5mm～3mm。
实施例1
将1.2mm带铝合金镀层的钢板激光落料成240mm*110mm的坯料，热浸镀镀液组成Si：8.5％，Fe：2.6％，其余为Al及固有杂质。在激光拼焊前采用四种不同的焊接坯件制备方法：
第1种方法(根据本发明)：通过激光烧蚀从坯料的240mm长度边上双面去除0.6mm宽的铝硅镀层。β＝45°使用额定功率为850W、脉冲宽度为30ns、脉冲频率为23kHz的短脉冲、高平均功率激光器，光斑相对于钢板的移动速度为8m/min。图2为完全去镀层后的钢板表面状态。
第2种方法(根据本发明)：采用精密刮削设备，去除240mm边上双面去除0.8mm宽的铝硅镀层。β＝45°图3为用此法去除镀层后的钢板边部状态。
第3种方法(未根据本发明)：通过激光烧蚀从坯料的240mm长度边上双面去除0.6mm宽的镀层中的铝合金层，保留金属间化合物层。
第4种方法(未根据本发明)：对侍焊边未经过任何处理，直接进行激光拼焊。
对上述坯件按下边的焊接工艺进行激光拼焊，焊接功率4kW，焊接速度11.75m/min，拼接板间隙预留0mm，离焦量0mm，焊后发现焊接接头存在约1.0mm宽的没有镀层金属的区域。
而后对拼焊坯件进行进行热冲压淬火，加热温度930℃，加热时间为3分钟，在通水模具中保压10秒钟。经过上述热循环，将拼焊坯件首先完全奥氏体化，在此加热期间镀层与钢中的原子相互扩展，使原有镀层全部转变为金属间化合物层，且该层厚度比原镀层厚度更厚。另外，该层具有高熔点、高硬度的特征，防止了基板在加热阶段、保压阶段被氧化和脱碳。在模具中保压期间，拼焊坯件发生马氏体转变，最终得到抗拉强度大于1450MPa的焊接部件。
然后按表1开展焊接接头性能评估：
表1
方法 焊接接头内部的脆性 接头抗拉强度 接头延伸率 接头耐蚀性
  金属间化合物* (MPa)** (％)** ***
1 无 >1450 >4％ 符合要求
2 无 >1450 >4％ 符合要求
3 无 >1450 ≥4％ 符合要求
4 存在 1054 ≤1％ 不符合要求
*垂直于焊接方面的焊缝截面的电镜分析确定是否存在金属间化合物；
**采用标准拉伸试样，试样标称宽度为12.5mm，原始标距为50mm，测试接头抗拉强度及延伸率；
***耐蚀性试验按DIN50021、DIN50017、DIN50014标准执行。
实施例2
将1.2mm带铝合金镀层的钢板激光落料成240mm*110mm的坯件，热浸镀镀液组成Si：8.5％，Fe：2.6％，其余为Al及固有杂质。
在激光拼焊前采用如下方法(根据本发明)去镀层：通过激光烧蚀从坯料的240mm长度边上双面去除0.6mm宽的铝硅镀层。使用额定功率为850W、脉冲宽度为30ns、脉冲频率为23kHz的短脉冲、高平均功率激光器，光斑相对于钢板的移动速度为8m/min。共制备5组样片，但需要指出的是每组坯件的β角(根据本发明)不同，具体见表2。
然后按表2开展焊接接头性能评估：
表2
Figure PCTCN2017106516-appb-000001
*采用标准拉伸试样，试样标称宽度为12.5mm，原始标距为50mm，测试接头抗拉强度及延伸率；
**耐蚀性试验按DIN50021、DIN50017、DIN50014标准执行。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，其由钢制基体和镀层构成，镀层包括与所述基体接触的金属间化合物合金层及其上的金属合金层；其特征在于，在焊接坯件的至少一个镀面上，位于焊接坯件待焊区域的镀层全部去除，且，被去除待焊区域镀层侧的焊接坯件镀层端面与平行于焊缝的基体表面垂直面成一夹角β，β＝0～80°。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，其特征在于，所述焊接坯件的镀层端面与平行于焊缝的基体表面垂直面的夹角β＝5～60°。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，其特征在于，被去除镀层的焊接坯件待焊区域的宽度为0.4mm～1.2mm；优选为0.5mm～1.0mm或0.6mm～0.8mm。
  4. 如权利要求1或2或3所述的带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，其特征在于，所述焊接坯件的基体厚度为0.5mm～3mm。
  5. 如权利要求1或2或3或4所述的带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，其特征在于，所述焊接坯件基体的成分重量百分比为：C：0.08-0.8％，Si：0.05-1.0％，Mn：0.1-5％，P<0.3％，S<0.1％，Al<0.3％，Ti<0.5％，B：0.0005-0.1％，Cr：0.01-3％，其余为Fe及不可避免杂质。
  6. 如权利要求1或2或3或4所述的带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，其特征在于，所述焊接坯件基体的成分重量百分比为：C：0.1-0.6％，Si：0.07-0.7％，Mn：0.3-4％，P<0.2％，S<0.08％，Al<0.2％，Ti<0.4％，B：0.0005-0.08％，Cr：0.01-2％，其余为Fe及不可避免杂质。
  7. 如权利要求1或2或3或4所述的带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，其特征在于，所述焊接坯件基体的成分重量百分比为：C：0.15-0.5％，Si：0.1-0.5％，Mn：0.5-3％，P<0.1％，S<0.05％，Al<0.1％，Ti<0.2％，B：0.0005-0.08％，Cr：0.01-1％，其余为Fe及不可避免杂质。
  8. 如权利要求1～7中任何一项所述的带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，其特征在于，所述焊接坯件的镀层是纯铝或铝合金。
  9. 一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件，其特征在于，拼焊如权利要求1～8任何一项所述带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，在已完全去除镀层的焊接坯件待焊区域进行焊接。
  10. 一种带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件的制造方法，其特征在于，拼焊如权利要求1～8任何一项所述带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接坯件，在已完全去除镀层的钢制焊接坯件待焊区域进行焊接，形成焊接接头；通过热冲压方式来获得一个部件，选取大于基体马氏体淬火临界转变速度的冷却速度进行冷却。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件的制造方法，其特征在于，通过激光烧蚀的方式去除焊接坯件至少一个镀面上的焊接坯件待焊区域的镀层。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件的制造方法，其特征在于，通过机械剥离的方式去除钢制焊接坯件至少一个镀面上的钢制焊接坯件待焊区域的镀层。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的带铝或者铝合金镀层的钢制焊接部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述焊接采用激光焊，优选激光填丝焊。
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