WO2018076576A1 - 一种蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018076576A1
WO2018076576A1 PCT/CN2017/073893 CN2017073893W WO2018076576A1 WO 2018076576 A1 WO2018076576 A1 WO 2018076576A1 CN 2017073893 W CN2017073893 W CN 2017073893W WO 2018076576 A1 WO2018076576 A1 WO 2018076576A1
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parts
artificial feed
powder
bat moth
root
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PCT/CN2017/073893
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French (fr)
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丘雪红
韩日畴
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广东省生物资源应用研究所
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Priority to JP2018519041A priority Critical patent/JP6535419B2/ja
Priority to US15/775,157 priority patent/US10681921B2/en
Publication of WO2018076576A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018076576A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/195—Antibiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of insect feed, and particularly relates to an artificial feed of a bat moth larvae and a preparation method thereof.
  • Cordyceps sinensis is a species unique to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is only distributed in China, Bhutan, India, Nepal and other countries. It is mainly distributed in high altitude areas of 3000-5200m in China, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan and Gansu provinces. (Yue et al., 2013). As the efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis has been confirmed, the domestic and international attention has been paid more and more attention to Cordyceps sinensis, and the transaction volume is increasing (Buenz et al., 2005). Due to special habitats, limited natural resources and high prices, Cordyceps resources have been over-excavated and the ecological environment has been seriously damaged.
  • the artificial breeding of the host insect bat moth of Cordyceps sinensis is an important part of the artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis; the primary problem of artificially feeding host insects is to solve the feed source.
  • the artificial breeding of bat moths is mainly fed with natural feeds based on roots and carrots of the genus Polygonaceae.
  • natural feed is greatly affected by the natural environment, and there will be seasonal shortages; each plant has individual differences, and it is difficult to achieve standardization; at the same time, pathogenic pollution is easily caused by the inability to carry out strict sterilization procedures.
  • There is an urgent need to develop artificial bat moths The feed is effective in avoiding the problems of this system, making the bat moths tidy and physiologically consistent.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide an artificial feed for bat moth larvae and a preparation method thereof.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide an artificial diet of bat moth larvae, which comprises bead root, soybean powder, bran, yeast powder, sucrose, casein, agar, water, choline chloride, Ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, muddy gold and multivitamins.
  • the artificial feed of the bat moth larvae comprises, in parts by mass, 0 to 100 parts of the root of the bud, 25 to 50 parts of the soybean powder, 25 to 50 parts of the bran, 10 to 18 parts of the yeast powder, and sucrose 8 ⁇ 20 parts, 10 to 18 parts of casein, 10 to 15 parts of agar, 500 parts of water, 0.08 to 0.2 parts of choline chloride, 4 to 6 parts of ascorbic acid, 2 to 5 parts of sorbic acid, and 2 to 5 parts of muddy gold. And 6 to 10 parts of multivitamins.
  • the artificial feed of the bat moth larvae comprises, in parts by mass, 0 to 75 parts of a bead root, 25 to 50 parts of soybean powder, 25 to 50 parts of bran, 15 parts of yeast powder, 10 parts of sucrose, 15 parts of casein, 10 parts of agar, 500 parts of water, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 4.5 parts of ascorbic acid, 3 parts of sorbic acid, 3 parts of muddy gold and 8 parts of multivitamin.
  • the artificial feed of the bat moth larvae comprises, in parts by mass, 25 to 75 parts of a bead root, 25 parts of soybean powder, 25 parts of bran, 15 parts of yeast powder, 10 parts of sucrose, 15 parts of casein. 10 parts of agar, 500 parts of water, 0.1 parts of choline chloride, 4.5 parts of ascorbic acid, 3 parts of sorbic acid, 3 parts of muddy gold and 8 parts of multivitamin.
  • the artificial feed of the bat moth larvae comprises, in parts by mass, 75 parts of bead bud root, 25 parts of soybean powder, 25 parts of bran, 15 parts of yeast powder, 10 parts of sucrose, 15 parts of casein, agar 10 parts, 500 parts of water, 0.1 parts of choline chloride, 4.5 parts of ascorbic acid, 3 parts of sorbic acid, 3 parts of muddy gold and 8 parts of multivitamin.
  • the bead root is preferably a dried bead root.
  • the artificial feed of the bat moth larvae further includes an antibiotic, and the antibiotic is added in an amount of 0.01% of the total mass of the artificial feed of the bat moth larvae.
  • the antibiotics include cephalosporin, streptomycin sulfate, and chloramphenicol, and the mass ratio of the cephalosporin, streptomycin sulfate, and chloramphenicol is 2:2:1.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an artificial feed of a bat moth larva, which comprises the steps of: weighing each raw material according to the raw material and ratio of the artificial feed of the bat moth larva, and locating the root of the bead bud And the multivitamin is pulverized into powder, and then the bead bud root powder, soy flour, bran, yeast powder, sucrose, casein, agar and water are mixed, sterilized, and after cooling to 55-60 ° C, the compound vitamin is added. Choline chloride, ascorbic acid, sorbic acid and muddy gold, stir and mix the components, that is, the artificial feed of the bat moth larvae.
  • the average survival rate of the larvae fed by the artificial diet was up to 92.67%, which was higher than that of the carrot group (90.33%); after 140 days of feeding, the larvae fed by the artificial diet survived on average. The rate was up to 86.67%, which was significantly higher than that of the carrot group (73.67%).
  • the weight growth of the larvae was obvious, and the contamination of bacteria, fungi and other bacteria could be avoided during the feeding process.
  • the raw materials used in the artificial feed of the invention are easy to obtain, the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, the shelf life is long, the survival rate of the feeding larvae is close to or higher than the survival rate of the feeding carrot group, and the larva weight gain is obvious, which is beneficial to realize the bat. Large-scale breeding of moths.
  • Figure 1 is a bat moth larva feeding on a bead root
  • Figure 2 is a bat moth larva feeding on carrots
  • Figure 3 is a bat moth larva feeding artificial diet AD-1
  • Figure 4 is a bat moth larva feeding artificial diet AD-2
  • Figure 5 is a bat moth larva feeding on artificial feed AD-3;
  • Figure 6 is a bat moth larva feeding on artificial feed AD-4.
  • the 3rd instar larva of the bat moth has an average body weight of 11.6 ⁇ 1.7mg.
  • the roots of the bead buds were collected from Kangding, Sichuan, cleaned with water, stored at 4 °C after drying, and rooted and diced before feeding. Before the artificial feed was prepared, the roots of the buds were broken into powder and used as fresh powder samples. After the pearl bud root is dried to a constant weight at a high temperature, it is pulverized into powder for use as a dry powder, and the dry powder can be stored at 4-12 ° C for 2 years or more.
  • the carrots were purchased from Guangzhou Shengyinghui E-Commerce Co., Ltd., after surface disinfection, peeled, cut into small pieces, and stored at 4 °C for use.
  • the artificial feed formula is shown in Table 1.
  • the artificial feed preparation method is as follows:
  • the multivitamin used was a good deposit of Wyeth Wyeth Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1.33 g/grain, which was powdered before being added.
  • Cefomycin final concentration 50 ⁇ g/g
  • streptomycin sulfate final concentration 50 ⁇ g/g
  • chloramphenicol final concentration 25 ⁇ g/g
  • a sterilized 6-well culture plate with 2 layers of filter paper was taken, 200 ⁇ L of water was added to each well, and then artificial feed, a bead root, and 1 carrot were added, and a 3rd-old bat moth larva was inserted, and then placed at a temperature of Breeding at 9-13 ° C, until the larva grows to 5 years old, transfer to a 9 cm culture dish.
  • the experiment consisted of a total of 6 treatments of bead bud root block, carrot block, artificial feed AD-1, AD-2, AD-3, AD-4, and 100 larvae per treatment, with 3 replicates per treatment.
  • the survival rates of larvae of AD-1, AD-2, AD-3 and AD-4 in the roots of buds, carrots and artificial diet were 17.33%, 90.33% and 81.67, respectively. %, 92.67%, 89%, 85.67%, the average body weight gain per larva was 6.87, 70.87, 32.94, 47.99, 41.06, 34.60 mg (Table 2).
  • the artificial feed AD-2 with the addition of bead bud root powder was the highest, slightly higher than the carrot group, and significantly higher than the bead bud root group, artificial feed group AD-1, AD-3, AD-4. There was no significant difference between the artificial feed AD-3 group and the carrot group.
  • the carrot group was the highest, which was significantly higher than the bead bud root group and all artificial diet groups; the artificial feed AD-2 was second, which was significantly higher than the bead bud root group and other artificial feed groups.
  • the weight gain of the larvae of the AD-1 group without the addition of the bead bud root powder was lower than that of the other artificial diet group AD-2, AD-3, AD-4 with the addition of the bead bud root powder; The weight gain was the lowest, and the larval weight gain was not obvious, only 6.87 mg/head.
  • the survival rates of larvae of bead bud root, carrot group and artificial diet group AD-1, AD-2, AD-3 and AD-4 were 0%, 73.67% and 62.00, respectively. %, 86.67%, 74.67%, 63.33%, the average weight gain of each larva of AD-1, AD-2, AD-3, and AD-4 in the carrot group and the artificial diet group were 311.01, 175.58, 270.62, 222.52, and 190.13, respectively. Mg (Table 3). After 140 days of feeding, the survival rate of the larvae of the AD-2 group was the highest, reaching 86.67%, which was significantly higher than that of other feed groups.
  • the carrot group was the highest, which was significantly higher than all the artificial diet groups; the artificial feed AD-2 was second, which was significantly higher than the other artificial feed groups; while the artificial feed group AD-1 and AD-4 did not differ.
  • Significant is the highest, which was significantly higher than all the artificial diet groups; the artificial feed AD-2 was second, which was significantly higher than the other artificial feed groups; while the artificial feed group AD-1 and AD-4 did not differ.
  • the artificial feed AD-5 of the bat moth larvae of the present embodiment includes, according to the mass fraction, 100 parts of pearl bud root (dry powder), 25 parts of soybean powder, 25 parts of bran, 10 parts of yeast powder, 8 parts of sucrose, casein. 10 parts, 15 parts of agar, 500 parts of water, 0.08 parts of choline chloride, 4 parts of ascorbic acid, 2 parts of sorbic acid, 2 parts of paraben, and 6 parts of multivitamin.
  • the roots of the bead buds are collected from Kangding, Sichuan, cleaned with water, and dried to a constant weight after high temperature drying.
  • the powder is used as a dry powder.
  • the dry powder can be stored at 4-12 ° C for 2 years or more.
  • the carrots were purchased from Guangzhou Shengyinghui E-Commerce Co., Ltd., after surface disinfection, peeled, cut into small pieces, and stored at 4 °C for use.
  • the artificial feed preparation method was the same as in Example 1, and the artificial feed AD-5 prepared was stored at 4 ° C for 2 months or more.
  • the feeding experiment (same as in Example 1) showed that the survival rate of the larvae fed with the artificial feed group AD-5 was close to the survival rate of the fed carrot group and the larvae weight gain after 140 days of artificial feeding at 9-13 °C. obvious.
  • the artificial feed AD-6 of the bat moth larvae of the present embodiment includes 75 parts of pearl bud root (dry powder), 25 parts of soybean powder, 25 parts of bran, 18 parts of yeast powder, 20 parts of sucrose, casein. 18 parts, 15 parts of agar, 500 parts of water, 0.2 parts of choline chloride, 6 parts of ascorbic acid, 5 parts of sorbic acid, 5 parts of paraben and 10 parts of multivitamin.
  • the roots of the bead buds are collected from Kangding, Sichuan, cleaned with water, and dried to a constant weight after high temperature drying.
  • the powder is used as a dry powder.
  • the dry powder can be stored at 4-12 ° C for 2 years or more.
  • the carrots were purchased from Guangzhou Shengyinghui E-Commerce Co., Ltd., after surface disinfection, peeled, cut into small pieces, and stored at 4 °C for use.
  • the artificial feed preparation method was the same as in Example 1, and the artificial feed AD-6 prepared was stored at 4 ° C for 2 months or more.
  • the feeding experiment (same as in Example 1) showed that the survival rate of the larvae fed with the artificial feed group AD-6 was close to the survival rate of the fed carrot group and the larvae weight gain after 140 days of artificial feeding at 9-13 °C. obvious.

Abstract

一种蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，包括珠芽蓼根、黄豆粉、麸皮、酵母粉、蔗糖、干酪素、琼脂、水、氯化胆碱、抗坏血酸、山梨酸、泥泊金和复合维生素。制备方法为：将珠芽蓼根和复合维生素粉碎成粉，然后将珠芽蓼根粉、黄豆粉、麸皮、酵母粉、蔗糖、干酪素、琼脂和水混匀后，灭菌，冷却，加入复合维生素、氯化胆碱、抗坏血酸、山梨酸和泥泊金，搅拌混匀各组分即得。

Description

一种蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料及其制备方法 技术领域：
本发明属于昆虫饲料领域，具体涉及一种蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术：
冬虫夏草(Ophiocordyceps sinensis(Berk.)Sung＝Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.)Sacc.)属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)，粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes)，肉座菌目(Hypocreals)，蛇孢虫草科(Ophiocordycipitaceae)，蛇孢虫草属(Ophiocordyceps)；是由冬虫夏草菌侵染蝙蝠蛾科(Hepialidae)昆虫的幼虫而形成的幼虫尸体与真菌子座的复合体(Sung et al.，2007；Yue et al.，2013)；是我国传统的名贵中药材，具有免疫调节、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老、降血糖血脂等广泛的药理作用，与人参、鹿茸并称“中药三大宝”。
冬虫夏草是生长在青藏高原地区特有的物种，全球仅分布在中国、不丹、印度、尼泊尔等4国，在我国主要分布在西藏、青海、四川、云南、甘肃等省3000-5200m的高海拔地区(Yue et al.，2013)。随着冬虫夏草的药效功能被证实，国内外越来越关注冬虫夏草，交易额呈增长的趋势(Buenz et al.，2005)。由于生境特殊、自然资源有限、价格昂贵，冬虫夏草资源被过度采挖，生态环境严重受损，已濒临枯竭，大部分地区的产量不到25年前的10％(尹定华等，2011)。然而，人们对冬虫夏草的需求量日趋增多，供不应求。资源的枯竭、需求的旺盛和政策的保护导致其市场价格飞涨。野生冬虫夏草已被列为国家二级保护物种。为了保护青藏高原生态、虫草资源，让冬虫夏草更好地为人类健康服务，唯一选择是人工培育。
冬虫夏草真菌的寄主昆虫蝙蝠蛾的人工饲养是冬虫夏草人工培育的重要环节；人工饲养寄主昆虫的首要问题是解决饲料来源。目前，蝙蝠蛾的人工饲养主要饲喂以蓼科植物根块、胡萝卜为主的天然饲料。然而天然饲料受自然环境的影响大，会出现季节性短缺问题；每个植株存在个体差异，难以达到标准化；同时由于不能进行严格的灭菌程序，容易带来病原污染。迫切需要研发蝙蝠蛾的人工 饲料以有效避免这一系统的问题，使蝙蝠蛾发育整齐，生理一致。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料及其制备方法。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，其特征在于，包括珠芽蓼根、黄豆粉、麸皮、酵母粉、蔗糖、干酪素、琼脂、水、氯化胆碱、抗坏血酸、山梨酸、泥泊金和复合维生素。
优选，所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，按质量份数计，包括珠芽蓼根0～100份、黄豆粉25～50份、麸皮25～50份、酵母粉10～18份、蔗糖8～20份、干酪素10～18份、琼脂10～15份、水500份、氯化胆碱0.08～0.2份、抗坏血酸4～6份、山梨酸2～5份、泥泊金2～5份和复合维生素6～10份。
优选，所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，按质量份数计，包括珠芽蓼根0～75份、黄豆粉25～50份、麸皮25～50份、酵母粉15份、蔗糖10份、干酪素15份、琼脂10份、水500份、氯化胆碱0.1份、抗坏血酸4.5份、山梨酸3份、泥泊金3份和复合维生素8份。
优选，所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，按质量份数计，包括珠芽蓼根25～75份、黄豆粉25份、麸皮25份、酵母粉15份、蔗糖10份、干酪素15份、琼脂10份、水500份、氯化胆碱0.1份、抗坏血酸4.5份、山梨酸3份、泥泊金3份和复合维生素8份。
优选，所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，按质量份数计，包括珠芽蓼根75份、黄豆粉25份、麸皮25份、酵母粉15份、蔗糖10份、干酪素15份、琼脂10份、水500份、氯化胆碱0.1份、抗坏血酸4.5份、山梨酸3份、泥泊金3份和复合维生素8份。
所述的珠芽蓼根优选为干燥的珠芽蓼根。
所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，还包括抗生素，所述的抗生素的添加量为蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料总质量的0.01％。
所述的抗生素包括头孢霉素、硫酸链霉素和氯霉素，所述的头孢霉素、硫酸链霉素和氯霉素的质量比为2:2:1。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：按照蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料的原料和配比称取各原料，将珠芽蓼根和复合维生素粉碎成粉，然后将珠芽蓼根粉、黄豆粉、麸皮、酵母粉、蔗糖、干酪素、琼脂和水混匀后，灭菌，待冷却至55-60℃后加入复合维生素、氯化胆碱、抗坏血酸、山梨酸和泥泊金，搅拌混匀各组分，即得蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料。
以本发明的人工饲料饲喂3龄幼虫60天后，人工饲料饲喂的幼虫平均成活率最高达92.67％，高于饲喂胡萝卜组的90.33％；饲养140天后，人工饲料饲喂的幼虫平均成活率最高达86.67％，明显高于饲喂胡萝卜组的73.67％；同时幼虫的体重增长明显，且在饲喂过程中，可避免细菌、真菌等杂菌的污染。本发明的人工饲料所用原材料均易于获取，制作工艺简单，成本较低，保质期较长，饲喂幼虫的成活率接近甚至高于饲喂胡萝卜组的成活率，幼虫增重明显，有利于实现蝙蝠蛾的规模化饲养。
附图说明：
图1是饲喂珠芽蓼根块的蝙蝠蛾幼虫；
图2是饲喂胡萝卜的蝙蝠蛾幼虫；
图3是饲喂人工饲料AD-1的蝙蝠蛾幼虫；
图4是饲喂人工饲料AD-2的蝙蝠蛾幼虫；
图5是饲喂人工饲料AD-3的蝙蝠蛾幼虫；
图6是饲喂人工饲料AD-4的蝙蝠蛾幼虫。
具体实施方式：
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
1材料与方法
1.1供试昆虫
蝙蝠蛾3龄幼虫，平均体重11.6±1.7mg。
1.2供试植物
珠芽蓼根从四川康定采集，以清水清洗干净，晾干后4℃保存，饲喂前去根须、切块；配制人工饲料前，将珠芽蓼根块打碎成粉，作为鲜粉样品用；珠芽蓼根经高温烘至恒重后，粉碎成粉作为干粉用，干粉在4-12℃下可保存2年或以上。红萝卜购自广州盛盈汇电子商务股份有限公司，表面消毒后去皮，切小块，4℃保存备用。
1.3人工饲料及制备方法
人工饲料配方如表1。
表1.人工饲料配方
Figure PCTCN2017073893-appb-000001
人工饲料制备方法如下：
1)组分珠芽蓼根粉、黄豆粉、麸皮、酵母粉、蔗糖、干酪素、琼脂、水混匀后，于121℃高温高压灭菌20-30min。待冷却至55-60℃后加入其他组分。
2)超净工作台上加入复合维生素。所用复合维生素为Wyeth惠氏制药有限公司的善存佳维片，1.33克/粒，加入前打成粉。
3)加入氯化胆碱、抗坏血酸、山梨酸、泥泊金组分。
4)加入头孢霉素(终浓度为50μg/g)、硫酸链霉素(终浓度为50μg/g)、氯霉素(终浓度为25μg/g)。
5)搅拌混匀各组分，将饲料倒入无菌塑料盒，凝固后密封，4℃条件下可保存2个月或以上。
1.4饲喂实验
取垫有2层滤纸的灭菌6孔培养板，每孔加入200μL水后，加入人工饲料、珠芽蓼根块、胡萝卜1块，接入1头3龄的蝙蝠蛾幼虫，然后置于温度为9-13℃条件下饲养，待幼虫长至5龄后转移至9cm培养皿饲养。实验设珠芽蓼根块、胡萝卜块、人工饲料AD-1、AD-2、AD-3、AD-4共6个处理，每处理100头幼虫，每处理设3个重复。
2实验结果与讨论
在9-13℃条件下人工饲养60d后，珠芽蓼根、胡萝卜组及人工饲料组AD-1、AD-2、AD-3、AD-4的幼虫成活率分别为17.33％、90.33％、81.67％、92.67％、89％、85.67％，平均每头幼虫的体重增长分别为6.87、70.87、32.94、47.99、41.06、34.60mg(表2)。在成活率方面，饲喂添加珠芽蓼根干粉的人工饲料AD-2最高，略高于胡萝卜组、而显著高于珠芽蓼根块组、人工饲料组AD-1、AD-3、AD-4，人工饲料AD-3组与胡萝卜组差异不显著。在幼虫体重增重方面，饲喂胡萝卜组最高，显著高于珠芽蓼根块组与所有的人工饲料组；人工饲料AD-2次之，显著高于珠芽蓼根块组与其他的人工饲料组；未添加珠芽蓼根粉的人工饲料AD-1组的幼虫体重增重低于其他添加珠芽蓼根粉的人工饲料组AD-2、AD-3、AD-4；而珠芽蓼根组幼虫体重增重最低，幼虫增重不明显，只有6.87mg/头。
表2.以不同饲料饲养60天后的蝙蝠蛾幼虫成活率与体重增重情况
Figure PCTCN2017073893-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2017073893-appb-000003
注：表中数据为平均值±标准误，同列数据后不同字母表示彼此间差异显著(Duncan test，P＜0.005)。
在9-13℃条件下人工饲养140d后，珠芽蓼根、胡萝卜组及人工饲料组AD-1、AD-2、AD-3、AD-4的幼虫成活率分别为0％、73.67％、62.00％、86.67％、74.67％、63.33％，胡萝卜组及人工饲料组AD-1、AD-2、AD-3、AD-4平均每头幼虫的体重增长分别为311.01、175.58、270.62、222.52、190.13mg(表3)。饲养140天后，人工饲料AD-2组的幼虫成活率最高，达86.67％，显著高于其他饲料组；人工饲料AD-3组次之，幼虫成活率74.67％，略高于胡萝卜组的73.67％；人工饲料AD-1、AD-4组的幼虫成活率分别为62.00％、63.33％，两者差异不显著；而珠芽蓼根块组则没有幼虫成活。在幼虫体重方面，胡萝卜组最高，显著高于所有的人工饲料组；人工饲料AD-2次之，显著高于其他的人工饲料组；而人工饲料组AD-1、AD-4之间差异不显著。
结果表明，所配制人工饲料可支持蝙蝠幼虫的生长发育，甚至可提高幼虫的成活率；人工饲料中添加珠芽根粉有利于提高幼虫的成活率与体重。
在饲喂过程中，胡萝卜由于含水量高，较容易出现腐烂、变黑现象；而人工饲料质地柔软、疏松，有利于幼虫钻蛀取食，可避免以上问题。对比4种人工饲料，幼虫更喜欢取食添加了珠芽蓼根粉的人工饲料，随着人工饲料中珠芽蓼根粉的含量增加，幼虫的成活率与体重增重升高。综合幼虫成活率及体重增长情况，人工饲料AD-2配方最佳。
表3.以不同饲料饲养140天后的蝙蝠蛾幼虫成活率与体重增重情况
Figure PCTCN2017073893-appb-000004
注：表中数据为平均值±标准误，同列数据后不同字母表示彼此间差异显著(Duncan test，P＜0.005)。
实施例2：
本实施例的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料AD-5，按质量分数计，包括珠芽蓼根100份(干粉)、黄豆粉25份、麸皮25份、酵母粉10份、蔗糖8份、干酪素10份、琼脂15份、水500份、氯化胆碱0.08份、抗坏血酸4份、山梨酸2份、尼泊金2份和复合维生素6份。
珠芽蓼根从四川康定采集，以清水清洗干净，经高温烘至恒重后，粉碎成粉作为干粉用，干粉在4-12℃下可保存2年或以上。红萝卜购自广州盛盈汇电子商务股份有限公司，表面消毒后去皮，切小块，4℃保存备用。
人工饲料制备方法与实施例1相同，制备的人工饲料AD-5在4℃条件下可保存2个月或以上。
饲喂实验(与实施例1相同)结果表明：在9-13℃条件下人工饲养140d后，用人工饲料组AD-5饲喂幼虫的成活率接近饲喂胡萝卜组的成活率，幼虫增重明显。
实施例3：
本实施例的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料AD-6，按质量分数计，包括珠芽蓼根75份(干粉)、黄豆粉25份、麸皮25份、酵母粉18份、蔗糖20份、干酪素18份、琼脂15份、水500份、氯化胆碱0.2份、抗坏血酸6份、山梨酸5份、尼泊金5份和复合维生素10份。
珠芽蓼根从四川康定采集，以清水清洗干净，经高温烘至恒重后，粉碎成粉作为干粉用，干粉在4-12℃下可保存2年或以上。红萝卜购自广州盛盈汇电子商务股份有限公司，表面消毒后去皮，切小块，4℃保存备用。
人工饲料制备方法与实施例1相同，制备的人工饲料AD-6在4℃条件下可保存2个月或以上。
饲喂实验(与实施例1相同)结果表明：在9-13℃条件下人工饲养140d后，用人工饲料组AD-6饲喂幼虫的成活率接近饲喂胡萝卜组的成活率，幼虫增重明显。
关于蝙蝠蛾的人工饲料鲜有报道，王宏生(2002)组配了4种人工饲料饲喂 5龄幼虫，90d后，幼虫的成活率只有36.66％-60％。本实施例所配制的人工饲料，饲喂的幼虫成活率接近甚至高于饲喂胡萝卜组的，幼虫增重也明显，且所用材料较容易购买，有利于实现蝙蝠蛾的规模化饲养。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，其特征在于，包括珠芽蓼根、黄豆粉、麸皮、酵母粉、蔗糖、干酪素、琼脂、水、氯化胆碱、抗坏血酸、山梨酸、泥泊金和复合维生素。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，其特征在于，按质量份数计，包括珠芽蓼根0～100份、黄豆粉25～50份、麸皮25～50份、酵母粉10～18份、蔗糖8～20份、干酪素10～18份、琼脂10～15份、水500份、氯化胆碱0.08～0.2份、抗坏血酸4～6份、山梨酸2～5份、泥泊金2～5份和复合维生素6～10份。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，其特征在于，按质量份数计，包括珠芽蓼根0～75份、黄豆粉25～50份、麸皮25～50份、酵母粉15份、蔗糖10份、干酪素15份、琼脂10份、水500份、氯化胆碱0.1份、抗坏血酸4.5份、山梨酸3份、泥泊金3份和复合维生素8份。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，其特征在于，按质量份数计，包括珠芽蓼根25～75份、黄豆粉25份、麸皮25份、酵母粉15份、蔗糖10份、干酪素15份、琼脂10份、水500份、氯化胆碱0.1份、抗坏血酸4.5份、山梨酸3份、泥泊金3份和复合维生素8份。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，其特征在于，按质量份数计，包括珠芽蓼根75份、黄豆粉25份、麸皮25份、酵母粉15份、蔗糖10份、干酪素15份、琼脂10份、水500份、氯化胆碱0.1份、抗坏血酸4.5份、山梨酸3份、泥泊金3份和复合维生素8份。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5任一项所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，其特征在于，所述的珠芽蓼根为干燥的珠芽蓼根。
  7. 根据权利要求1～5任一项所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，其特征在于，还包括抗生素，所述的抗生素的添加量为蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料总质量的0.01％。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料，其特征在于，所述的抗生素包括头孢霉素、硫酸链霉素和氯霉素，所述的头孢霉素、硫酸链霉素和氯霉素的质量比为2:2:1。
  9. 一种权利要求1所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料的制备方法，其特征在于， 包括以下步骤：按照权利要求1所述的蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料的原料和配比称取各原料，将珠芽蓼根和复合维生素粉碎成粉，然后将珠芽蓼根粉、黄豆粉、麸皮、酵母粉、蔗糖、干酪素、琼脂和水混匀后，灭菌，待冷却至55-60℃后加入复合维生素、氯化胆碱、抗坏血酸、山梨酸和泥泊金，搅拌混匀各组分，即得蝙蝠蛾幼虫的人工饲料。
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