WO2018076568A1 - 环菠萝烷四环三萜类化合物、其制备方法及其用途 - Google Patents
环菠萝烷四环三萜类化合物、其制备方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- ACCKHPKZVRXJIQ-SZOUBDJTSA-N CCN(C)[C@@H](CC1)C(C)(C)[C@H](CC2)[C@@]1(C1)[C@]1(CC1)[C@@H]2[C@@]2(C)[C@@]1(C)C(C(C)=O)=CC2 Chemical compound CCN(C)[C@@H](CC1)C(C)(C)[C@H](CC2)[C@@]1(C1)[C@]1(CC1)[C@@H]2[C@@]2(C)[C@@]1(C)C(C(C)=O)=CC2 ACCKHPKZVRXJIQ-SZOUBDJTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 C[C@]1([C@@](CC2)[C@@](C3)(CC4)[C@@]3(CC3)[C@]2C(C)(C)[C@@]3N(C)*)[C@@]4(C)C(C(*)C*)=C(*)C1 Chemical compound C[C@]1([C@@](CC2)[C@@](C3)(CC4)[C@@]3(CC3)[C@]2C(C)(C)[C@@]3N(C)*)[C@@]4(C)C(C(*)C*)=C(*)C1 0.000 description 1
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/57—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/06—Antiarrhythmics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of natural medicines and medicinal chemistry, in particular to a kind of cyclopentane tetracyclic triterpenoids, a preparation method thereof and a medical use thereof.
- Cycloartane triterpenoids are widely found in the plant kingdom, and C-9 and C-19 form a three-membered ring and become a special class of tetracyclic triterpenes. These compounds have complex structures and diverse biological activities.
- the literature reports anti-tumor activity, antiviral activity, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity, immunomodulatory activity, cardiovascular effects, and liver damage protection (Tian Ze et al., Natural Ring) Advances in the biological activity of the pineapple triterpenoids, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2006, 31(8): 626-629).
- Typical natural products of the cyclopentane triterpene are, for example, cycloxtragenol (derived from xanthine), astragaloside (from Astragaloside), ascidium (Cimigenol from cohosh), oryzanol (Oryzanol, It is derived from rice bran oil), Cyclovirobuxin A to D (derived from boxwood) and cyclosporin D (Cyclobuxine D).
- cycloxtragenol derived from xanthine
- astragaloside from Astragaloside
- ascidium Cimigenol from cohosh
- oryzanol Oryzanol, It is derived from rice bran oil
- Cyclovirobuxin A to D derived from boxwood
- cyclosporin D Cyclobuxine D
- Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are a common disease that threatens humans, especially those who are over 50 years old. It has the characteristics of high prevalence, high disability and high mortality, even if it is the most advanced and perfect. With the treatment, more than 50% of the survivors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents can not fully take care of themselves. The number of people who die of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases every year in the world is as high as 15 million, ranking first in all causes of death. The China National Cardiovascular Disease Center recently published the "China Cardiovascular Disease Report 2015". The report shows that 2 out of every 5 deaths in China died of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular mortality is still the first in disease deaths, higher than cancer and other diseases.
- the mortality rate of cardiovascular disease in urban areas of China was 261.99/100,000, of which the heart disease mortality rate was 136.21/100,000 people and the cerebrovascular disease mortality rate was 125.78/100,000 people (cerebral hemorrhage 52.25/10 10,000 people, cerebral infarction 41.99 / 100,000 people).
- the invention discloses a kind of cyclopentane tetracyclic triterpenoid compound, which has ideal cardiovascular and cerebral medicinal activity and is used for prevention or treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease, and its structural formula is as follows.
- R 1 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, OR c or OCOR d , wherein R c represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl And R d represents a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group optionally having a substituent, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group, a C 6 -C 12 aryl group or a heteroaryl group, said hetero An aryl group is a monocyclic or fused ring having 5 to 12 ring atoms, containing 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, and the remaining ring atoms are C; wherein the substituent is selected from halogen , trifluoromethyl, methyl, ethyl, hydroxy, amino, decyl, pheny
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl;
- R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl;
- R 1 preferably represents hydrogen, hydroxy or OCOR d , wherein R d is a group optionally having a substituent: C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl or a C 6 -C 12 aryl group, wherein the substituent is selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, methyl, ethyl, hydroxy, amino, decyl, phenyl, methoxy, ethoxy, cyano, nitro , acetoxy, acetylamino, carboxyl, methyl carboxylate or ethyl carboxylate;
- R 1 more preferably represents hydrogen, hydroxy or OCOR d , wherein R d is a group optionally having a substituent: a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a vinyl group or a phenyl group, wherein the substituent is a halogen, a trifluoro group Methyl, methyl, ethyl, hydroxy, amino, decyl, phenyl, methoxy, ethoxy, cyano, nitro, acetoxy, acetylamino, carboxyl, methyl carboxylate or carboxylic acid Ester group.
- R d is a group optionally having a substituent: a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a vinyl group or a phenyl group, wherein the substituent is a halogen, a trifluoro group Methyl, methyl, ethyl, hydroxy, amino, decyl, phenyl, methoxy, eth
- R 1 further preferably represents:
- R 2 preferably represents hydrogen, fluorine or methyl
- R 3 preferably represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl or cyclopropyl.
- Figure 1 is a diagram showing the diffraction structure of a trifluoroacetate X-single crystal of the compound of Example 1.
- Figure 2 is an action potential map of guinea pig ventricular mammary muscle recorded by electrophysiological apparatus, (2a is amiodarone 10 ⁇ M before administration, 2b amiodarone 10 ⁇ M after administration; 2c is the compound of Example 1 3690.05 ⁇ M before administration, 2d For the compound of Example 1, compound 369 0.05 ⁇ M after administration).
- the present invention preferably has the following compounds
- the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with various organic acids and inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, methanesulfonic acid, hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and horse.
- Acid benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, ascorbic acid or salicylic acid.
- the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention may also form a salt with an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium or lithium, may form a salt with an alkaline earth metal such as calcium or magnesium, and may be combined with an organic base such as dicyclohexylamine, tributylamine, pyridine and amino acid.
- an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium or lithium
- an alkaline earth metal such as calcium or magnesium
- an organic base such as dicyclohexylamine, tributylamine, pyridine and amino acid.
- arginine, lysine or the like forms a salt.
- the compounds of the invention can be prepared as follows:
- the compounds of the invention can also be prepared by the following methods:
- Compound 5 is reacted with a hydroxylamine compound (NH 2 OR a ) (such as NH 2 OH, NH 2 OCH 3 , NH 2 OC 2 H 5 ) to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrazine (Formula Compound A), which is removed by trifluoroacetic acid.
- a hydroxylamine compound such as NH 2 OH, NH 2 OCH 3 , NH 2 OC 2 H 5
- the Boc protecting group provides a compound of the formula B wherein R a is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl group.
- R a when the substituent R a is hydrogen, it may be combined with an acid anhydride (acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, benzoic anhydride, succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, etc.) or an acid chloride (B).
- the compound of the formula C can be obtained by reacting an acid chloride, propionyl chloride, cyclopropyl chloride, butyryl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, etc.
- the compound D can be obtained by acid removal, wherein R b is substituted or not.
- Substituted groups are C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl, C 6 -C 12 aryl.
- the compounds of the invention can also be prepared by the following methods:
- Compound 5 is obtained by epoxidizing a double bond with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) to obtain compound 6, which is then fluorinated by a fluorinating reagent such as hydrogen fluoride pyridine, and then the Boc protecting group is removed under acidic conditions and the hydroxyl group is eliminated to obtain compound 387.
- mCPBA m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid
- Compound 6 is reacted with an alkyl or cycloalkyl format reagent or a lithium reagent (R c MgX or R c Li,) to obtain a compound of the formula E, which is then removed under acidic conditions to remove the Boc protecting group and to eliminate the hydroxyl group.
- Compound F wherein R c is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl group.
- the compounds of the invention can also be prepared by the following methods:
- the exposed hydroxyl group in the molecule of the compound 10 obtained by removing only the hydroxy protecting group can be reacted with various active agents to form an ester group with an acid chloride or an acid anhydride (the compound of the formula G, wherein R d is a substituted or unsubstituted group, A C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group, a C 6 -C 12 aryl group, a heteroaryl group) or an alkoxy group with an alkyl halide.
- the compounds of the invention can also be prepared by the following methods:
- methylamino compound (formula J) is directly alkylated with an alkyl halide R c X or reductively aminated with an aldehyde to give a methylamino substituted compound (formula K of the formula wherein R c is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl).
- the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention is mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to prepare various pharmaceutical compositions.
- the compound of the formula (I) can be prepared into a tablet by a conventional method after being mixed with a usual auxiliary additive such as a disintegrator, an excipient, a lubricant, a binder, a filler, and the like which are acceptable in an oral preparation.
- Mixing agents, diluents, preservatives, stabilizers, flavoring agents, thickeners, etc. can be made into liquid and cerebrovascular disease prevention and treatment drugs such as liquid preparations, syrups and the like; and injections
- the commonly used appropriate solvent and additive can be prepared and processed into a corresponding muscle or intravenous injection form for cardio-cerebral vascular disease prevention and treatment.
- the administration method for administration may be carried out by oral, intranasal, rectal, transdermal or injection, and the form is administered as a solid, semi-solid, lyophilized powder or liquid medicament, for example, tablets, suppositories, Pills, soft or hard capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions or aerosols, and the like.
- the pharmacodynamic test results of the compounds of the present invention show that the compounds of the present invention have excellent pharmacological pharmacological activities against arrhythmia, anti-myocardial hypoxia, myocardial ischemia and anti-heart failure.
- the compounds of the invention also have good pharmacokinetic characteristics, suitable half-life and good safety.
- the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition of the formula (I), an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases or disorders
- a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases or disorders Use of the disease or condition selected from tachyarrhythmias (including atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation), coronary atherosclerosis Heart disease (including stable angina and unstable angina, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction), asymptomatic myocardial ischemia and ischemic cardiomyopathy, heart failure (including acute and chronic) and its complications.
- tachyarrhythmias including atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation
- Heart disease
- the cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease or condition is preferably from atrial fibrillation, ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, angina pectoris (including stable and unstable), acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, heart failure ( Including acute and chronic).
- the trifluoroacetic acid salt of the title compound obtained in the above step 6 is dissolved in acetone and crystallized at room temperature to give the title compound trifluoroacetate single crystal.
- the X-single diffraction data are shown in Table 2, and the spectrum is shown in Figure 1.
- Example 1 The title compound of Example 1 (3.7 g, 10 mmol) was dissolved in 20 ml of methanol, and sodium borohydride (1.51 g, 40 mmol) was added in portions and the mixture was stirred. To the reaction mixture was added 1N hydrochloric acid to adjust to pH 8-9, and the solvent was evaporated.
- Example 2 The title compound of Example 1 (7.5 g, 20.3 mmol) was dissolved in 40 ml of ethanol, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.8 g, 40.3 mmol) was added. After stirring, triethylamine (4.5 g, 47.55 mol) was added dropwise, and the mixture was warmed to reflux. The reaction was carried out until TLC monitoring, and the raw material remained. The ethanol was distilled off under reduced pressure. Methylene chloride and water were added to the residue, and the mixture was dissolved. The methylene chloride layer was taken, washed with water, dried, filtered, and the filtrate was dried to give a solid 7 g. The title compound, yield 90%.
- Example 8 The product of the first step of Example 8 (intermediate 10, 95 mg, 0.20 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (2 ml), benzoic anhydride (60 mg, pyridine 30 mg) was added, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature until TLC. The reaction solution was diluted with 10 ml of dichloromethane, washed with water, washed with 1% citric acid solution, washed with brine, dried, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 2 ml of dichloromethane.
- Example 1 The title compound of Example 1 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) was dissolved in 4 ml of tetrahydrofuran, 2 ml of anhydrous formic acid and 200 mg of paraformaldehyde were added, and the mixture was heated to reflux until the mixture was refluxed. The mixture was evaporated to dryness.
- Example 2 The title compound of Example 1 (500 mg, 1.36 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml of acetone, and powdered potassium carbonate (560 mg, 4.06 mmol) and bromocyclopropane (822 mg, 6.8 mol) were added. The reaction was refluxed until TLC was applied to the residue. The residue was combined with methylene chloride and water. The mixture was evaporated. ESI (+) m/z: 410.27.
- Example 8 Under the protection of argon, the product of the first step of Example 8 (intermediate 6, 1 g, 2.06 mol) was dissolved in 8 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, and 3 M methylmagnesium chloride tetrahydrofuran solution (0.75 ml) was slowly added, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature until TLC monitoring.
- Cellular action potentials were recorded using conventional electrophysiological methods.
- a glass electrode filled with a 3M KCl saturated solution and a tip resistance of 15 to 30 M ⁇ was fixed on the microelectrode manipulator MP-2, and the glass electrode was gently inserted into the shallow layer of the prepared papillary muscle specimen using a microelectrode pusher.
- the electrodes are adjusted to provide the set bioelectrical stimulation with a three-channel SEN-7203 electronic stimulator and SS-202J isolator.
- the bioelectric signal is amplified by the MEZ-8301 amplifier and input to the computer electrophysiological recording and analysis system Powerlab 4/25. Then, the parameters of the ventricular papillary muscle action potential are analyzed through the analysis system. Electrical stimulation related parameters: delay 30ms, wave width 7ms, frequency 1Hz, stimulation intensity 52.1mv.
- the compound screening test phase after the guinea pig ventricular papillary muscle specimen was fixed, it was firstly perfused with normal Kreb's solution for about 85 minutes, and about 80 minutes after the start of perfusion, the relevant parameter parameters of the action potential of the cells before administration were recorded, and then passed through the tee.
- the title compound perfusion solution was switched, and the head compound was continuously perfused for about 25 minutes with low (0.0005 ⁇ M), medium (0.005 ⁇ M), and high concentration (0.05 ⁇ M), and the guinea pigs were separately observed at about 20 min after the start of different concentrations of drug perfusion.
- Figure 2 is a diagram of a typical action potential record.
- the results of the study are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- the results in Table 3 suggest that the title compounds of Examples 1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 19 and 20 all have a certain degree of prolongation of the action potential APD value of guinea pig mastoid muscle cells, of which compound 369 The most powerful.
- a PPD of APD, APD 50 and APD 90 after administration in each group compared with before administration
- b low, medium and high dose groups for test, APD, APD 50 and APD of positive control group
- the rate of change of 90 was p ⁇ 0.05 compared with the parallel control group.
- Compound 369 antagonizes high and low potassium Langendorff in vitro perfusion of guinea pig heart-induced atrial fibrillation
- OBJECTIVE To investigate the preventive effect of compound 369 on high- and low-potassium Langendorff infusion of atrial fibrillation induced by heart in guinea pigs, and to provide experimental evidence for the clinical development of compound 369 for atrial fibrillation.
- RESULTS A total of 24 guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups according to their body weight. The rats were killed by decapitation. The heart was quickly removed, and the blood was squeezed in the ice bath perfusion solution. The blood was quickly hung in the Langendorff perfusion system, and the constant flow rate was started by the oxygen-saturated perfusion solution. For perfusion, one end of the electrode is placed at the apex of the heart, and one end is placed in the right atrium (the position of the auricle), and the electrocardiogram is recorded on the computer.
- Compound 369 ranged from 0.1 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M, and the number of animals developing atrial fibrillation was significantly reduced and dose-related compared to the blank vehicle group. 1 ⁇ M of compound 369 was perfused, and the incidence of isolated atrial fibrillation was significantly lower than the statistical amount of cyclovirobuxine D.
- Administration is 5 minutes before coronary artery ligation, administration mode: injection (sublingual)
- Compound 369 was in the range of 1-30 mg/kg. Compared with the blank vehicle group, the number of animals with early ventricular ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and death (incidence rate) was lower than that of the vehicle control group, and showed a dose-response relationship.
- the heart and lungs were quickly taken out of the chest. Immediately, the blood was removed from the normal saline at 4 ° C, the fat, blood vessels and atrial tissue on the heart were discarded, the filter paper was blotted, and the electronic balance was accurately weighed. And record the weight of the heart. Calculate the ratio of heart weight to body weight (HW/BW), the heart mass index (HMI).
- the results of the cardiac index are shown in Table 7. Compared with the negative control group, the heart weight and body weight of the doxorubicin model animals were decreased, and the cardiac index was increased. Among them, the model control group was the most serious, the compound 369 low-dose group was the second, and the high-dose group had the smallest change.
- the results of cardiac function indicators are shown in Table 8.
- METHODS Six healthy male Beagle dogs were selected and divided into two groups. The reference source was not found. And Huaweihuangyangxing D 2mg/kg, about 2mL before the administration, 0h after administration, 0.25h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h after the administration of the dog's limbs, about 2mL. The concentration of compound 369 and cyclovirobuxine D in plasma samples was determined by LC-MS/MS method, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS.3.0 software.
- Cyclovirobuxine D is the main effective monomer component of Huangyang Ning. It is mainly used for the treatment of coronary heart disease, arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. Due to its long half-life, long-term medication can produce serious accumulation, toxic side effects, which seriously affect its clinical promotion and use.
- the above-mentioned results of rat and dog pharmacokinetic studies showed that the exposure of compound 369 in rats was slightly lower than that of cyclovirobuxine D, but it was significantly higher in Beagle dogs than in cyclovirobuxine D.
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Abstract
本发明涉及天然药物及药物化学领域,具体涉及一类环菠萝烷四环三萜类化合物(I)、其制备方法及其医药用途。药效学试验证明本发明的化合物具有心脑血管药效活性,用于心律失常、心肌梗死、冠心病等心脑血管疾病的预防或治疗。
Description
本发明涉及天然药物及药物化学领域,具体涉及一类环菠萝烷四环三萜类化合物、其制备方法及其医药用途。
环菠萝烷三萜(Cycloartane triterpenoids)在植物界广泛存在,其C-9和C-19形成三元环而成为一类特殊的四环三萜。此类化合物结构复杂,生物学活性多样,文献报道具有抗肿瘤活性、抗病毒活性、抗菌和抗炎活性、免疫调节活性、对心血管的作用、肝损伤的保护作用(田泽等,天然环菠萝蜜烷三萜化合物生物活性研究进展,中国中药杂志,2006,31(8):626~629)。典型的环菠萝烷三萜的天然产物例如:环黄芪醇(Cycloastragenol,来源于黄芪)、黄芪甲苷(Astragaloside,来源于黄芪)、升麻醇(Cimigenol,来源于升麻)、谷维素(Oryzanol,来源于米糠油)、黄杨宁(Cyclovirobuxin A~D,来源于黄杨)和环黄杨碱D(Cyclobuxine D),结构如下所示:
其中黄芪甲苷作为代表性药物的研究尤为热门,其注射液用于心绞
痛的开发处于临床试验阶段。黄杨宁片作为中成药被收入中国药典,用于治疗滞血瘀所致的胸痹心痛、脉结代、冠心病、心律失常。谷维素注射液用于自主神经功能失调,经前期紧张症,更年期综合征及原发性痛经。
具有四环三萜结构特征的甾体药物结构改造贯穿整个药物开发历史,最为广知的莫过于糖皮质激素抗炎药的结构改造和开发。从泼尼松到氢化可的松,泼尼松龙、地塞米松以及各类水溶性、脂溶性前药,每一个微小的结构变化都带来了临床使用价值的大幅提升。同样作为四环三帖的环菠萝烷类天然产物通过结构改造来改善药代特征、增强药效、降低毒副作用达到提升临床使用价值的研究也日益受到重视。
心脑血管疾病是一种严重威胁人类,特别是威胁50岁以上中老年人健康的常见病,具有高患病率、高致残率和高死亡率的特点,即使应用目前最先进、完善的治疗手段,仍可有50%以上的心脑血管意外幸存者生活不能完全自理,全世界每年死于心脑血管疾病的人数高达1500万人,居各种死因首位。中国国家心血管病中心日前公布的《中国心血管病报告2015》,报告显示:我国每5例死亡病例中,有2例死于心血管病。心血管病死亡率仍居于疾病死亡构成首位,高于肿瘤及其他疾病。报告显示,2014年,我国城市地区心血管病死亡率为261.99/10万人,其中心脏病死亡率为136.21/10万人、脑血管病死亡率为125.78/10万人(脑出血52.25/10万人、脑梗死41.99/10万人)。
因此,开发具有显著预防和治疗心脑血管疾病的药物是非常必要的,其应具备良好的药代吸收特征,方便长期口服给药或急救给药,尤其应具备用于预防或治疗的优异药理活性、具有良好的安全性和治疗窗。
发明内容
本发明公开了一类环菠萝烷四环三萜类化合物,其具有理想的心脑血管药效活性,用于心律失常、心肌梗死、冠心病等心脑血管疾病的预防或治疗,其结构式如式(I)所示:
其中
代表-OH、=O、=NORa或=NOCORb,其中Ra代表氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基或丁基,Rb代表任选具有取代基的C1~C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C6-C12芳基,其中所述取代基选自卤素、甲基、乙基、羟基、氨基、巯基、苯基、甲氧基、乙氧基、氰基、硝基、乙酰氧基、乙酰氨基、羧基、羧酸甲酯基或羧酸乙酯基;
R1代表氢、羟基、ORc或OCORd,其中Rc代表甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、戊基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基,Rd代表任选具有取代基的C1~C10烷基、C3~C10环烷基、C2~C10烯基、C6~C12芳基或杂芳基,所述杂芳基为具有5至12个环原子的单环状或稠合环,含有1~4个选自N、O或S的环杂原子,其余环原子为C;其中所述取代基选自卤素、三氟甲基、甲基、乙基、羟基、氨基、巯基、苯基、甲氧基、乙氧基、氰基、硝基、乙酰氧基、乙酰氨基、羧基、羧酸甲酯基或羧酸乙酯基;
R2选自氢、卤素、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、戊基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基;
R3选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、戊基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基;
R1优选代表氢、羟基或OCORd,其中Rd为任选具有取代基的如下基团:C1~C10烷基、C3~C10环烷基、C2~C10烯基或C6~C12芳基,其中所述取代基选自卤素、三氟甲基、甲基、乙基、羟基、氨基、巯基、苯基、甲
氧基、乙氧基、氰基、硝基、乙酰氧基、乙酰氨基、羧基、羧酸甲酯基或羧酸乙酯基;
R1更优选代表氢、羟基或OCORd,其中Rd为任选具有取代基的如下基团:C1~C10烷基、乙烯基或苯基,其中所述取代基是卤素、三氟甲基、甲基、乙基、羟基、氨基、巯基、苯基、甲氧基、乙氧基、氰基、硝基、乙酰氧基、乙酰氨基、羧基、羧酸甲酯基或羧酸乙酯基。
R1进一步优选代表:
R2优选代表氢、氟或甲基;
R3优选代表氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基或环丙基。
图1是实施例1化合物其三氟乙酸盐X-单晶衍射结构图。
图2是电生理仪记录的豚鼠心室乳突肌动作电位图,(2a为胺碘酮10μM给药前,2b胺碘酮10μM给药后;2c为实施例1化合物3690.05μM给药前,2d为化合物实施例1化合物3690.05μM给药后)。
本发明优选如下化合物
表1本发明优选化合物
本发明结构式(I)化合物可与多种有机酸和无机酸形成药学上可接受的盐,如:盐酸、氢溴酸、甲磺酸、羟基乙磺酸、硫酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、马来酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、硝酸、磷酸、硼酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、苯甲酸、抗坏血酸或水杨酸等。
本发明结构式(I)化合物还可与碱金属例如钠、钾或锂形成盐,可以与碱土金属例如钙或镁形成盐,可以与有机碱例如二环己基胺、三丁基胺、吡啶和氨基酸例如精氨酸、赖氨酸等形成盐。
本发明化合物可用如下方法制备:
以黄杨提取物环维黄杨星D(Cyclovirobuxin D)为原料,先用苯甲醛同时保护16位羟基和20位氨基(得到化合物1),然后使用Boc2O保护3位氨基(得到化合物2),再使用吉拉尔特试剂(Girard′s Reagent T)脱除苄基保护基(得到化合物3)。化合物3经NCS氯代、碱消除及水解得到化合物5,再经三氟乙酸脱除Boc保护基得到化合物369。化合物369经硼氢化钠还原酮羰基可进一步得到化合物371。
本发明化合物还可以通过如下方法制备:
化合物5与羟胺化合物(NH2ORa)(比如NH2OH,NH2OCH3,NH2OC2H5)反应生成取代或未取代的肟(通式化合物A),经三氟乙酸脱除Boc保护基可得到通式化合物B,其中Ra为氢、取代或未取代的C1~C4烷基。
另外,当取代基Ra为氢时,可与酸酐(乙酸酐、丙酸酐、苯甲酸酐、丁二酸酐、戊二酸酐、顺丁烯二酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐等)或酰氯(乙酰氯、丙酰氯、环丙基酰氯、丁酰氯、特戊酰氯、苯甲酰氯等)反应制得通式化合物C,经酸脱除保护基可得到通式化合物D,其中Rb为取代或未取代的如下基团,C1~C10烷基、C3~C10环烷基、C2~C10烯基、C6~C12芳基。
本发明化合物还可以通过如下方法制备:
化合物5经间氯过氧苯甲酸(mCPBA)环氧化双键制得化合物6,然后被氟化氢吡啶等氟化试剂氟代,然后在酸性条件下脱除Boc保护基以及消除羟基得到化合物387。
化合物6与烷基或环烷基的格式试剂或锂试剂(RcMgX或RcLi,)反应,制得通式化合物E,然后在酸性条件下脱除Boc保护基和消除羟基得到通式化合物F,其中Rc为取代或未取代的C1~C6烷基、取代或未取代的C3~C6环烷基。
本发明化合物还可以通过如下方法制备:
化合物6经二醋酸碘苯氧化得到化合物7,然后乙酰化羟基制得化合物8,再经二氯化铬还原环氧后得到双键化合物9,最后分别脱除不同保护基可得到化合物427和385。
仅脱除羟基保护基后得到的化合物10分子中裸露的羟基可以与各种活性试剂反应,与酰氯或酸酐形成酯基(通式化合物G,其中Rd为取代或未取代的如下基团,C1~C10烷基、C3~C10环烷基、C2~C10烯基、C6~C12芳基、杂芳基),或者与烷基卤代物形成烷氧基。
本发明化合物还可以通过如下方法制备:
甲氨基化合物(通式化合物J)经烷基卤代物RcX直接烷基化或与醛发生还原胺化反应,可得到甲氨基取代化合物(通式化合物K,其中Rc为取代或未取代的C1~C6烷基或C3~C6环烷基)。
本发明结构式(I)化合物与药学上可接受的载体混合,制成各种药物组合物。结构式(I)化合物与在口服制剂中可以被接受的如崩解剂、赋形剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、填充剂等常用的辅助添加成份混合后,按常规方法即可制成片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂或多种相应的缓释剂、控释剂等固体剂型的心脑血管病防治药物;与常用的增溶剂、乳化剂、润湿剂、起泡或消泡剂等表面活性剂、稀释剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、矫味剂、增稠剂等混合,按相应的常规方法,即可制成为如水剂、糖浆等液体制剂型的心脑血管病防治药物;与注射剂中常用的适当溶剂和附加剂配合和操作,还可以制备成相应的肌肉或静脉注射剂型的心脑血管病防治药物。
施药采用的给药方式可选择通过口、鼻内、直肠、透皮或注射给药方式,其形式为固体、半固体、冻干粉或液体药剂形式给药,例如,片剂、栓剂、丸剂、软或硬胶囊剂、散剂、溶液剂、混悬剂或气雾剂等。
本发明化合物药效学试验结果显示,本发明的化合物具有优异的抗心律失常、抗心肌缺氧、心肌缺血和抗心衰的药效药理活性。另外本发明的化合物也具有良好的药代特征,合适的半衰期和良好的安全性。
因此,本发明还提供了以式(I)结构化合物、其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分,在制备用于预防或治疗心脑血管疾病或病症的药物组合物中的用途,所述疾病或病症选自快速性心律失常(包括心房扑动和心房颤动、室上性心动过速、室性早搏、室性心动过速、心室颤动)、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(包括稳定型心绞痛和不稳定型心绞痛、急性冠状动脉综合征、心肌梗死)、无症状性心肌缺血和缺血性心肌病、心力衰竭(包括急性和慢性)及其并发症。
所述心脑血管疾病或病症优选自于心房颤动、室性早搏、室性心动过速、心室颤动、心绞痛(包括稳定型和不稳定型)、急性冠状动脉综合征、心肌梗死、心力衰竭(包括急性和慢性)。
实施例
以下经由实施例来具体示例根据本发明的化合物的制备方法。需要指出的是,根据本发明的技术方案不限于所述实施例。
实施例1
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮(化合物369)
步骤一:中间体1的合成:
将环维黄杨星D(Cyclovirobuxin D)(544g,1.35mol)溶于4L乙醇中,加入苯甲醛(286.4g,2.7mol),搅拌并加热回流反应5h。冷却至室温,过滤,滤饼用少量乙醇淋洗至无苯甲醛味,所得滤饼于50℃真空干燥,得白色固体550g即为中间体1,收率82.9%。ESI(+)m/z:491.4[M+H]+步骤二:中间体2的合成:
将上述中间体1(550g,1.12mol)溶于2.4L二氯甲烷中,滴加含Boc2O(361g,1.658mol)的100ml二氯甲烷溶液,TLC监控至无原料消失(展开剂∶二氯甲烷/甲醇=10∶1,V/V),反应液减压浓缩至干,然后加入2L甲醇搅拌15min,过滤,滤饼用少量甲醇淋洗。所得固体于50℃真空干燥,得白色固体580g即为中间体2,收率87.6%。ESI(+)m/z:591.4[M+H]+步骤三:中间体3的合成:
将上述中间体2(580g,0.981mol)悬浮于1.5L二氯甲烷和1.5L甲醇的溶剂中,加入吉拉尔特试剂(Girard′s Reagent T,180g,1.072mol),加热回流至溶液澄清,TLC监控至原料消失(展开剂∶二氯甲烷/甲醇=20∶1,
V/V),反应液减压蒸干。向剩余物中加入乙酸乙酯1L和水1L,搅拌10min,过滤,滤饼再用2L水洗涤。所得固体于50℃真空干燥,得白色固体484g即为中间体3,收率98%。ESI(+)m/z:503.4[M+H]+
步骤四:中间体4的合成:
氩气保护下,将上述中间体3(484g,0.964mol)溶于11L二氯甲烷中,降温至0℃左右,分批加入N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(NCS)(142g,1.06mol),搅拌反应2h,反应液用水洗涤3次,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至干得到固体504g即为中间体4,收率97%。
步骤五:中间体5的合成:
氩气保护下,将上述中间体4(360g,0.67mol)溶于4L无水甲醇中,加入甲醇钠(180g,3.33mol),回流反应4h,冷至室温,加入4M盐酸调pH至6,减压蒸除甲醇,残余物加入500ml乙酸乙酯和200ml水,过滤并分液,乙酸乙酯层经柱层析纯化得145g白色固体即为中间体5,收率46%。ESI(+)m/z:470.3[M+H]+、492.3[M+Na]+、414.3[脱叔丁基]。
步骤六:化合物369的合成:
将上述中间体5(145g,0.304mol)溶于1L二氯甲烷中,加入300ml三氟乙酸,搅拌反应至无原料剩余,减压蒸除三氟乙酸和二氯甲烷得到标题化合物的三氟乙酸盐。所得三氟乙酸盐用二氯甲烷1L溶解,浓氨水调节pH至9,分液,有机层水洗至中性,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液旋干所得残余物用300ml乙酸乙酯重结晶得产品105g即为标题化合物,收率92%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):6.65(1H,m,=CH)、2.47(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.27(3H,s,CH3CO)、2.20-2.18(1H,m)、2.16-1.90(5H,m)、1.90-1.42(4H,m)、1.40-1.25(4H,m)、1.21(3H,s,CH3)、1.20-1.03(2H,m)、0.99(3H,s,CH3)、0.97(3H,s,CH3)、0.90-0.73(1H,m)、0.79(3H,s,CH3)、0.65(1H,d)、0.35(1H,d);
13C-NMR(CDCl3,300M):δ(ppm):196.86、152.70、143.81、68.54、50.64、48.83、48.63、46.08、43.03、39.89、35.62、32.67、31.38、27.17、27.09、26.83、26.66、26.44、26.16、25.80、22.33、21.08、20.52、19.78、15.04;
HR-ESI(+)m/z:实测值370.3211;
步骤七:369三氟乙酸盐单晶的制备:
上述步骤六所得标题化合物的三氟乙酸盐经丙酮溶解,缓慢室温析晶,得标题化合物三氟乙酸盐单晶。X-单晶衍射数据见表2,谱图见附图1。
表2晶体数据与结构细化
实施例2
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-醇(化合物371)
将实施例1标题化合物(3.7g,10mmol)溶于20ml甲醇中,分批加入硼氢化钠(1.51g,40mmol)搅拌反应,TLC监控无原料剩余。反应液中加入1N盐酸调pH至8-9,蒸除溶剂所得残余物经二氯甲烷/甲醇柱层析纯化得3g即为标题化合物,收率92%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):5.92(1H,s,=CH)、4.10(1H,m,CHOH)、2.60(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.43-2.49(1H,m)、2.31-2.36(1H,m)、1.98-2.15(4H,m)、1.63-1.88(4H,m)、1.52-1.58(1H,m)、1.48(3H,s,CH3CHOH)、1.35-1.45(3H,m)、1.19(3H,s,CH3)、1.12(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.19(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.58(1H,d);
ESI(+)m/z:372.4(M+H)+
实施例3
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮肟(化合物
384)
将实施例1标题化合物(7.5g,20.3mmol)溶于40ml乙醇中,加入盐酸羟胺(2.8g,40.3mmol),搅拌溶清后滴加三乙胺(4.5g,47.55mol),升温至回流,反应至TLC监控无原料剩余,减压蒸除乙醇,在剩余物中加入二氯甲烷和水,溶解分液后取二氯甲烷层,水洗,干燥,过滤,滤液旋干得固体7g即为标题化合物,收率90%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):5.85(1H,s,=CH)、2.46(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.26-2.29(1H,m)、2.22-2.27(1H,m)、2.08(3H,s,CH3CNOH)、1.95-2.01(4H,m)、1.68-1.90(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.38-1.48(3H,m)、1.29(3H,s,CH3)、1.20(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.15(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.62(1H,d);
13C-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):151.48、149.71、129.13、77.24、76.99、76.74、69.51、51.43、48.86、48.38、47.58、42.85、39.80、35.37、32.10、27.32、27.03、26.92、26.31、25.75、23.26、21.71、20.71、20.51、15.56、11.03;
HR-ESI(+):实测值385.3331。
实施例4
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-20-甲氧基亚氨基-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯(化合物398)
同实施例3制备过程,实施例1标题化合物(7.4g,20mmol)与O-甲基羟胺盐酸盐(2.8g,40.3mmol)、三乙胺(4.5g,47.55mol)制得固体7g即为标题化合物,收率88%。ESI(+)m/z:399.4(M+H)+
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):5.99(1H,s,=CH)、4.23(3H,s,CH3ON=)、2.52(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.46-2.49(1H,m)、2.22-2.27(1H,m)、2.06(3H,s,CH3C=N)、1.95-2.02(4H,m)、1.68-1.90(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.35-1.46(3H,m)、1.28(3H,s,CH3)、1.21(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.15(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.79-0.88(1H,m)、0.67(1H,d)、0.63(1H,d)。
实施例5
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-20-[(3-羧基丙酰氧基)亚氨基)]-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯(化合物484)
步骤一:中间体11的合成:
将实施例1步骤五产物(中间体5,4.7g,10mmol)溶于30ml乙醇中,加入羟胺盐酸盐(2.78g,40mmol),搅拌溶清后滴加三乙胺(4.5g,44.75mol),升温至回流,反应至TLC监控无原料剩余,减压蒸除乙醇,在剩余物中加入二氯甲烷和水,分液取二氯甲烷层,水洗,干燥,过滤,滤液旋干得固体4.5g即为中间体11。
步骤二:中间体12的合成:
将上述中间体11(4.5g,7.28mmol)溶于DMF(50ml)中,加入丁二酸酐(0.9g,9mmol)及4-二甲氨基吡啶(1.22g,10mmol),升温至80℃,反应至TLC监控无原料剩余。冷却至室温,将反应液倒入冰水中,固体析出,过滤,水洗,烘干得固体4.1g即为中间体12。
步骤三:化合物484的合成:
将上述中间体12(4.1g,7mmol)溶于20ml二氯甲烷中,加入7ml三氟乙酸,搅拌反应至TLC监控无原料剩余,减压蒸除三氟乙酸和二氯甲烷,剩余物中用二氯甲烷20ml溶解,浓氨水调节pH至8,分液,有机层水洗至中性,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液旋干得到残余物,用300ml乙酸乙酯重结晶得产品3g即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:485.4(M+H)+
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):6.20(1H,s,=CH)、2.65-2.68(2H,m,CH2COOH)、2.60-2.63(2H,m,CH2CO)、2.48(3H,s,CH3NH)、236-2.39(1H,m)、2.22-2.27(1H,m)、2.06(3H,s,CH3C=N)、1.96-2.02(4H,m)、1.66-1.90(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.35-1.46(3H,m)、1.28(3H,s,CH3)、1.21(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.15(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.79-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.60(1H,d)。
实施例6
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-20-[(乙酰氧基)亚氨基)]-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯(化合物426)
同实施例5步骤二、三制备过程,以乙酸酐替换丁二酸酐,得到标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:427.3(M+H)+
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):5.98(1H,s,=CH)、2.47(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.36-2.40(1H,m)、2.22-2.27(1H,m)、2.10(3H,s,CH3CO)、2.06(3H,s,CH3C=N)、1.95-2.02(4H,m)、1.68-1.90(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.35-1.46(3H,m)、1.28(3H,s,CH3)、1.21(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.15(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.79-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.64(1H,
d)。
实施例7
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-20-[(苯甲酰氧基)亚氨基)]-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯(化合物488)
同实施例5步骤二、三制备过程,以苯甲酸酐替换丁二酸酐,得到标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:489.4(M+H)+
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):8.15(1H,s)、8.13(1H,s)、7.60(1H,s)、7.48(1H,s)、7.46(1H,s)、5.88(1H,s,=CH)、2.47(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.36-239(1H,m)、2.22-2.27(1H,m)、2.06(3H,s,CH3C=N)、1.96-2.02(4H,m)、1.66-1.90(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.35-1.46(3H,m)、1.28(3H,s,CH3)、1.21(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.15(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.79-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.62(1H,d)。
实施例8
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-21-羟基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮(化合物385)
步骤一:中间体6的制备
将实施例1步骤五产物(中间体5,9.4g,20mmol)溶于100ml乙醇中,加入氢氧化钠(1.6g,40mmol),加热至回流,分批加入30%双氧水20ml,反应至TLC监控无原料剩余,减压蒸除溶剂,加入二氯甲烷萃取,二氯甲烷层经乙酸乙酯-石油醚柱层析纯化得中间体6,共2.5g。ESI(+)m/z:386.28;430.25;485.90。
步骤二:中间体7的制备
将上述中间体6(2g,4.12mmol)溶于20ml甲醇以及12ml二氯甲烷中,加入氢氧化钠(1.65g,41.2mmol),冰盐浴降温至0℃,加入二醋酸碘苯(2.12g,6.59mmol),搅拌反应至TLC监控无原料剩余。减压蒸除溶剂,残余物加入水和二氯甲烷溶解,调pH约7左右,分液,有机层经水洗,干燥,过滤,旋干,剩余物用少量石油醚打浆抽滤得白色固体。所得白色固体溶于20ml丙酮,加入1M的HCl水溶液5ml,搅拌至反应完全。向反应液中加入50ml水,过滤,干燥得类白色固体920mg。即中间体7。ESI(+)m/z:446.28;502.04。
步骤三:中间体8的制备
将上述中间体7(920mg,1.83mmol)溶于5ml吡啶中,加入醋酐1ml,室温搅拌反应至TLC监控无原料剩余。反应液中加二氯甲烷稀释,有机
层用5%的柠檬酸水溶液洗涤至弱酸性,水洗至中性,干燥,过滤,滤液旋干后得1.09g白色固体,即中间体8。ESI(+)m/z:444.30;488.28。
步骤四:中间体9的制备
氩气保护下,将上述中间体8(1.09g,1.83mmol)溶于60ml丙酮中,降温至0℃,加入1ml醋酸以及二氯化铬(1.12g,9.15mmol),搅拌反应至TLC监控无原料剩余,减压蒸除溶剂,向残余物中加入100ml水,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,有机层水洗,干燥,过滤,滤液旋干经柱层析纯化得555mg类白色固体,即中间体9。ESI(+)m/z:428.32;472.31。
步骤五:中间体10的制备
将上述中间体9(450mg,1.04mmol)加入2M的甲醇氨溶液20ml,室温搅拌反应至TLC监控无原料剩余,反应倒入水中,析出物经柱层析纯化得360mg白色固体,即中间体10。ESI(+)m/z:386.29;430.29;486.03。步骤六:化合物385的制备
将上述中间体10(180mg,0.37mmol)溶于3ml的二氯甲烷中,加入三氟乙酸0.5ml,室温搅拌反应至TLC监控无原料剩余。将反应液旋干,向残余物中加入二氯甲烷,加氨水调节pH至10,分液,有机层水洗,干燥,滤液旋干得150mg白色固体,即标题化合物。
ESI(+)m/z:386.29.
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):6.71(1H,s,=CH)、4.42-4.68(2H,m,CH2OH)、2.46(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.27-2.30(1H,m)、2.20-2.26(1H,m)、1.98-2.15(4H,m)、1.63-1.88(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.35-1.45(3H,m)、1.19(3H,s,CH3)、1.12(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.19(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.41(1H,d);
13C-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):196.54、146.69、136.09、68.23、65.49、49.31、45.93、44.44、40.48、34.48、31.92、27.35、26.14、26.01、25.83、25.40、24.18、21.84、20.19、17.71。
实施例9
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-21-乙酰氧基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮(化合物427)
将实施例8步骤四产物中间体9(100mg,0.19mmol)溶于5ml的二氯甲烷中,加入三氟醋酸1ml,室温搅拌反应至TLC监控无原料剩余。将反应液减压旋干,向残余物中加入二氯甲烷,饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节pH至8,分液,有机层水洗,干燥,过滤,滤液旋干得90mg白色固体,即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:428.30
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):6.83(1H,s,=CH)、4.86-4.98(2H,m,CH2OAc)、2.47(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.43-2.47(1H,m)、2.21-2.27(1H,m)、1.99-2.16(4H,m)、1.64-1.88(4H,m)、1.52-1.58(1H,m)、1.36-1.45(3H,m)、1.19(3H,s,CH3)、1.12(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.19(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.45(1H,d)。
实施例10
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-21-(3-羧基丙酰氧基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮盐酸盐(化合物522)
将实施例8步骤五产物(中间体10,100mg,0.21mmol)溶于2ml的二氯甲烷中,加入丁二酸酐25mg、吡啶30mg,室温搅拌反应至TLC监控无原料剩余。反应液用10ml二氯甲烷稀释,水洗,1%柠檬酸溶液洗涤,盐水洗涤,干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩至干所得残余物溶于2ml乙酸乙酯中,加入2M氯化氢乙酸乙酯溶液0.5ml,室温搅拌至无原料剩余,过滤,
少量乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼,减压干燥,重75mg,所得固体即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:486.40。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):6.72(1H,s,=CH)、4.72-4.78(2H,m,CH2O)、2.65-2.68(2H,m,CH2COOH)、2.52-2.58(2H,m,CH2CO)、2.50(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.43-2.47(1H,m)、2.21-2.27(1H,m)、1.99-2.16(4H,m)、1.64-1.88(4H,m)、1.52-1.58(1H,m)、1.36-1.45(3H,m)、1.19(3H,s,CH3)、1.12(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.19(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.62(1H,d)、0.48(1H,d)。
实施例11
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-21-(2-羧基苯甲酰氧基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮盐酸盐(化合物570)
同实施例10操作过程,将丁二酸酐(25mg)替换为邻苯二甲酸酐(37mg),制得产物80mg即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:534.40。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):8.24(1H,s)、8.18(1H,s)、7.72(1H,s)、7.68(1H,s)、7.46(1H,s)、6.78(1H,s,=CH)、5.76-5.90(2H,m,CH2O)、2.58(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.46-2.49(1H,m)、2.25-2.32(1H,m)、1.98-2.12(4H,m)、1.66-1.90(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.35-1.46(3H,m)、1.28(3H,s,CH3)、1.21(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.15(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.79-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.58(1H,d)。
实施例12
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-21-(苯甲酰氧基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮(化合物489)
将实施例8步骤五产物(中间体10,95mg,0.20mmol)溶于2ml的二氯甲烷中,加入苯甲酸酐60mg、吡啶30mg,室温搅拌反应至TLC监控无原料剩余。反应液用10ml二氯甲烷稀释,水洗,1%柠檬酸溶液洗涤,盐水洗涤,干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩至干所得残余物溶于2ml二氯甲烷中,加入三氟乙酸0.5ml,室温搅拌至无原料剩余,减压蒸除二氯甲烷和三氟乙酸,向残余物中加入二氯甲烷,饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节pH至8,分液,有机层水洗,干燥,过滤,滤液旋干得80mg白色固体,即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:486.40。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):8.01(1H,s)、7.98(1H,s)、7.52(1H,s)、7.47(1H,s)、7.43(1H,s)、6.56(1H,s,=CH)、5.76-5.90(2H,m,CH2O)、2.58(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.46-2.49(1H,m)、2.26-2.30(1H,m)、1.97-2.11(4H,m)、1.65-1.90(4H,m)、1.51-1.59(1H,m)、1.35-1.46(3H,m)、1.29(3H,s,CH3)、1.22(3H,s,CH3)、1.03-1.13(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.87(1H,m)、0.65(1H,d)、0.56(1H,d)。
实施例13
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-21-甲氧基-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮(化合物399)
将实施例8步骤五产物(中间体10,100mg,0.21mmol)溶于2ml丙酮中,加入粉末状碳酸钾(90mg,0.65mmol)及碘甲烷(0.5ml),升温回流反应至TLC监控无原料剩余,反应液减压蒸除溶剂,残余物用10ml
二氯甲烷和水溶解,分液,盐水洗涤,干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩至干所得残余物溶于2ml二氯甲烷中,加入三氟乙酸0.5ml,室温搅拌至无原料剩余,减压蒸除二氯甲烷和三氟乙酸,向残余物中加入二氯甲烷,浓氨水调节pH至9,分液,有机层水洗,干燥,过滤,滤液旋干得64mg白色固体,即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:400.38。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):6.74(1H,s,=CH)、4.32-4.45(2H,m,CH2OH)、3.42(3H,s,OCH3)、2.59(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.46-2.52(1H,m)、2.32-2.36(1H,m)、2.18-2.25(4H,m)、1.73-1.89(4H,m)、1.60-1.68(1H,m)、1.38-1.46(3H,m)、1.29(3H,s,CH3)、1.18(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.13(2H,m)、0.95(3H,s,CH3)、0.93(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.67(1H,d)、0.48(1H,d)。
实施例14
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(二甲氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮(化合物383)
将实施例1标题化合物(100mg,0.27mmol)溶于4ml四氢呋喃中,加入无水甲酸2ml及200mg多聚甲醛,加热回流反应至TLC监控无原料剩余。旋干,加入二氯甲烷溶解,用氨水调pH至9,分液,干燥,滤液经二氯甲烷-甲醇柱层析纯化得到87mg微黄色固体,即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:384.27。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm)6.65(1H,s,=CH)、2.42(6H,s,CH3N)、2.36-2.39(1H,m)、2.29(3H,s,CH3CO)、2.20-2.27(1H,m)、1.97-2.14(4H,m)、1.62-1.87(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.38-1.45(3H,m)、1.21(3H,s,CH3)、1.15(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.09(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.52(1H,d)。
实施例15
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(二甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮肟(化合物398a)
同实施例14操作过程,将实施例1标题化合物替换为实施例2标题化合物(100mg,0.26mmol),制得90mg微黄色固体即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:399.30。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):5.82(1H,s,=CH)、2.36(6H,s,CH3N)、2.25-2.28(1H,m)、2.12-2.17(1H,m)、2.08(3H,s,CH3CNOH)、1.95-2.01(4H,m)、1.68-1.90(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.38-1.48(3H,m)、1.29(3H,s,CH3)、1.20(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.15(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.67(1H,d)、0.58(1H,d)。
实施例16
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基乙基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮(化合物397)
同实施例14操作过程,将多聚甲醛替换为乙醛(0.5ml),制得90mg类白色固体即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:398.41。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):6.59(1H,s,=CH)、2.45(3H,s,CH3N)、2.36-2.39(1H,m)、2.29(3H,s,CH3CO)、2.22-2.28(2H,m,CH2N)、2.18-2.22(1H,m)、1.97-2.12(4H,m)、1.62-1.87(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.38-1.45(3H,m)、1.21-1.29(3H,t,CH3)、1.15(3H,s,CH3)、1.12(3H,s,CH3)、
1.05-1.09(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.67(1H,d)、0.42(1H,d)。
实施例17
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-21-羟基-3-(二甲氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮(化合物399a)
同实施例14操作过程,将实施例1标题化合物替换为实施例8标题化合物(100mg,0.26mmol),制得75mg米白色固体即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:400.39。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):6.70(1H,s,=CH)、4.40-4.66(2H,m,CH2OH)、2.46(6H,s,CH3N)、2.38-2.42(1H,m)、2.22-2.28(1H,m)、1.99-2.18(4H,m)、1.63-1.88(4H,m)、1.51-1.59(1H,m)、1.35-1.45(3H,m)、1.19(3H,s,CH3)、1.12(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.19(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.45(1H,d)。
实施例18
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基环丙基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮(化合物409)
将实施例1标题化合物(500mg,1.36mmol)溶于10ml丙酮中,加入粉末状碳酸钾(560mg,4.06mmol)及溴代环丙烷(822mg,6.8mol)升温
回流反应至TLC监控无原料剩余,反应液加二氯甲烷和水,分液,有机层水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,滤液旋干得终产品480mg,即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:410.27。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):6.62(1H,s,=CH)、2.41(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.36-2.39(1H,m)、2.28(3H,s,CH3CO)、2.20-2.26(1H,m)、1.98-2.15(4H,m)、1.63-1.88(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.35-1.45(3H,m)、1.32(1H,t,CHN)、1.21(3H,s,CH3)、1.15(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.19(2H,m)、0.98(3H,s,CH3)、0.94(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.44(1H,d);0.40(2H,m)、0.28(2H,m)。
实施例19
(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-16-氟-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮(化合物387)
在氩气保护下,将实施例8步骤一产物(中间体6,200mg 0.41mmol)悬浮于70%氟化氢吡啶溶液3ml中,室温搅拌过夜。加入饱和碳酸钠溶液调节pH至9,二氯甲烷萃取,二氯甲烷-甲醇柱层析纯化得48mg白色固体,即为(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-16-氟-17-羟基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-20-酮,直接用于下步反应。ESI(+)m/z:406.30。
将上述产物(48mg,0.11mmol)悬浮于4ml甲苯中,加入0.5ml浓硫酸,加热回流反应至TLC监控无原料剩余,加入二氯甲烷,浓氨水溶液调pH至9,分液,有机层经二氯甲烷-甲醇柱层析纯化得30mg类白色固体,即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:388.29。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):2.58(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.46-2.49(1H,m)、2.30(3H,s,CH3CO)、2.22-2.28(1H,m)、1.98-2.15(4H,m)、1.63-1.88(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.35-1.46(3H,m)、1.20(3H,s,CH3)、1.13(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.19(2H,m)、0.95(3H,s,CH3)、0.93(3H,s,CH3)、
0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.67(1H,d)、0.45(1H,d)。
实施例20
(3β,5α)-4,4,14,16-四甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮(化合物383a)
氩气保护下,实施例8步骤一产物(中间体6,1g,2.06mol)溶于8ml无水四氢呋喃中,慢慢加入3M的甲基氯化镁四氢呋喃溶液(0.75ml),室温搅拌反应至TLC监控无原料剩余,加入1M盐酸调pH至6,加入10ml乙酸乙酯,分液,有机层旋干,乙酸乙酯-石油醚柱层析纯化得到产物550mg即为(3β,5α)-4,4,14,16-四甲基-17-羟基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-20-酮。直接用于下步反应。ESI(+)m/z:402.32;446.32;502.01。
将上述产物(550mg,1.10mmol)溶于20ml甲苯中,滴加4ml弄硫酸,加热回流8h,冷却至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调pH至9,分液,有机层经二氯甲烷-甲醇柱层析纯化得200mg白色固体,即为标题化合物。ESI(+)m/z:384.29。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,500M):δ(ppm):2.52(3H,s,CH3NH)、2.42-2.47(1H,m)、2.32(3H,s,CH3CO)、2.22-2.28(1H,m)、1.98-2.15(4H,m)、1.92(3H,s)1.63-1.88(4H,m)、1.50-1.58(1H,m)、1.35-1.46(3H,m)、1.20(3H,s,CH3)、1.13(3H,s,CH3)、1.05-1.19(2H,m)、0.96(3H,s,CH3)、0.93(3H,s,CH3)、0.78-0.88(1H,m)、0.66(1H,d)、0.42(1H,d)。
药效学实验及结果
a化合物对豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位的影响
方法:取豚鼠一只,猛烈击打后脑使其昏死,剪断颈总动脉放血处死,迅速剖开胸腔,暴露心脏,沿室间隔旁剪开心室,暴露左心室内腔,快速取出乳头肌,置于0℃经O2(95%O2和5%CO2混合气体)饱和后的Kreb’s液中。镜下修整后,将乳头肌标本以不锈钢针固定于灌流浴槽底
部的硅橡胶上,用经氧气饱和的Kreb’s液进行灌流。灌流相关参数:温度为37±0.5℃,流速为4mL/min。
采用常规电生理方法记录细胞动作电位。将充灌了3M KCl饱和溶液、尖端电阻为15~30MΩ的玻璃电极固定于微电极操纵仪MP-2上,使用微电极推进器将玻璃电极轻轻插入准备好的乳头肌标本浅层内,调整电极,以三通道SEN-7203电子刺激器及SS-202J隔离器提供已设定的生物电刺激。生物电信号经过MEZ-8301型放大器放大后,输入至计算机电生理记录分析系统Powerlab 4/25,随后通过分析系统分析心室乳头肌动作电位相关参数指标。电刺激相关参数:延时30ms,波宽7ms,频率1Hz,刺激强度52.1mv。
在化合物筛选试验阶段,豚鼠心室乳头肌标本固定后,先用正常Kreb’s液灌流稳定约85分钟,并在灌流开始后约80min,记录给药前细胞动作电位的相关参数指标,然后通过三通管转换含标题化合物灌流液,先后以低(0.0005μM)、中(0.005μM)、高浓度(0.05μM)标题化合物分别持续灌流约25min,并于不同浓度药物灌流开始后约20min时分别观测记录豚鼠心室乳头肌动作电位的相关参数指标;在不同浓度药物灌流的间隔用正常Kreb’s液灌流洗脱约25min。
针对筛选结果提示对豚鼠心室乳头肌动作电位影响较为明显的化合物369,开展了扩大样本量的进一步研究。实验分为溶媒对照组、369低剂量(0.0005μM)组、369中剂量(0.005μM)组、369高剂量(0.05μM)组和胺碘酮(10μM)阳性对照组共5组,每组6只动物。豚鼠心室乳头肌标本固定后,先用正常Kreb’s液灌流稳定约85分钟,并在灌流开始后约80min,记录给药前细胞动作电位的相关参数指标,然后根据组别设置通过三通管转换含溶媒、阳性对照或相应浓度369的灌流液持续灌流约25min,并于灌流开始后约20min时观测记录豚鼠心室乳头肌动作电位的相关参数指标。
附图2是典型动作电位记录图。研究结果见表3和表4。表3结果提示,实施例1、3、8、9、10、11、14、17、19和20标题化合物均对豚鼠乳突肌细胞的动作电位APD值有一定程度的延长作用,其中化合物369作用最强。
表4结果表明,化合物369在浓度0.0005μM、0.005μM、0.05μM范围内能延长豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位的APD、APD50和APD90,变化呈浓度相关,高浓度0.05μM灌流20min的药效与胺碘酮10μM相近,具有潜在的抗心律失常作用。文献中0.024μM环维黄杨星D可以延长豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位的APD,但0.012-0.036μM环维黄杨星D使心肌细胞的自发活动频率减慢,甚至消失。化合物369较环维黄杨星D更敏感,且量效关系明确。
表3实施例标题化合物对豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞细胞动作电位APD的影响
注:a,各组给药后的APD、APD50和APD90与给药前相比p<0.05;b,供试品低、中、高剂量组,阳性对照组的APD、APD50和APD90变化率与平行对照组相比p<0.05。
b化合物369拮抗高、低钾Langendorff体外灌流豚鼠心脏所致房颤的实验研究
目的:考察化合物369对高、低钾Langendorff体外灌流豚鼠心脏所致房颤的预防作用,为化合物369用于房颤治疗的临床开发前景提供实验依据。
方法:取豚鼠共24只,按照体重分为4组,断头处死,迅速取出心脏,在冰浴灌流液中挤净血液,迅速挂在Langendorff灌流系统中,打开经氧气饱和灌流液开始恒速灌流,电极一端放于心尖,一端放于右心房(心耳位置),在电脑上记录心电图。
待心脏稳定后,灌流高K灌流液后10min,分别同时给予空白溶媒、化合物3690.1μM、1μM、10μM,以及阳性并继续高K灌流20min,然后去除高K灌流给予低K灌流液,同时采集心电图,记录低钾灌流60min内是否出现房颤。
结果见表5。化合物369在剂量0.1μM-10μM范围,和空白溶媒组相比,发生房颤的动物数量明显减少,并呈剂量相关。1μM的化合物369灌流,离体心脏房颤的发生率明显低于统计量的环维黄杨星D。
表5不同组别房颤的发生率
c化合物369对大鼠在体冠状动脉结扎及再灌注心肌缺血模型的影响
方法:用戊巴比妥将SD大鼠麻醉后做颈部正中切口,分离并切开气管连接到人工呼吸机上。沿大鼠左锁骨中线切开皮肤,在左第三、四肋骨间开胸,轻轻挤出心脏,打开心包膜,在肺动脉圆锥左缘与左心耳下缘2mm处进针用6-0无损伤缝线经浅层心肌穿出,使左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)位于其上。稳定5min,套上双层塑料套管,收紧扎线即完成左冠状动脉闭塞致心肌缺血。心肌缺血的判断标准为心电图出现心肌梗死表现(ST段抬高或T波高尖)及心脏局部紫绀。心肌缺血5min后抽出内层套管,即松开线结实施再灌注,并记录大鼠再灌注心电图。
给药为冠状动脉结扎缺血前5min,给药方式:注射给药(舌下)
结果见表6。化合物369在剂量1-30mg/kg范围内,和空白溶媒组相比,发生室早、室速、室颤、死亡的动物数(发生率)均低于溶媒对照组,并呈剂量反应关系。
表6不同组别室性心动过速和死亡房颤的发生率
d化合物369对阿霉素诱导心力衰竭大鼠模型的药效作用
SD大鼠尾静脉注射阿霉素2mg/kg,每周1次,连续6周造模。造模完成后,化合物369低(3mg/kg)、高剂量(9mg/kg)每日灌胃给药,连续4周;阴性对照组,尾静脉注射等体积的生理盐水,每周一次,连续6周后,给予等体积的溶媒每日灌胃,连续四周。给药结束后,颈动脉插管测定血压、记录左心室舒张末压(left ventricular end diastolic pressure,LVEDP)、左室收缩压(left ventricular systolic pressure,LVSP)、左室压力最大上升速率(maximal rate of left ventricular systolic pressure,+dp/dtmax)左室压力最大下降速率(maximal rate of left ventricular diastolic pressure,-dp/dtmax),计算平均值。
血流动力学指标测定后,开胸迅速取心脏和肺脏,立即置于4℃生理盐水中冲净余血,剪弃心脏上的脂肪、血管和心房组织,滤纸吸干,电子天平准确称取并记录心脏重量。计算心脏重量与体重的比值(HW/BW),即心脏重量指数(heart mass index,HMI)。
心脏指数结果见表7所示,和阴性对照组相比,阿霉素造模动物的心脏重量和体重都有所降低,心脏指数升高。其中模型对照组最为严重、化合物369低剂量组次之、高剂量组上述指标改变最小。心功能指标结果见表8,和阴性对照组相比,模型对照组、化合物369低、高剂量组的收缩压和舒张压均有所降低,左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室压力最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)和左室压力最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)等心功能指标均一定程度受损,其中模型对照组最为严重、化合物369低剂量和高剂量组受损较对照组有所减轻。以上结果提示,化合物369对阿霉素所致的心力衰竭具有一定的治疗作用。
表7化合物369对阿霉素心衰大鼠心脏指数的影响
表8化合物369对阿霉素致心衰模型大鼠心功能指标的影响
毒理评价实验
SD大鼠和KM种小鼠单次静脉或灌胃给予化合物369毒性实验研究结果见表9。
表9 SD大鼠和KM种小鼠单次静脉或灌胃给予化合物369的MTD值
研究结果显示,SD大鼠化合物369单次静脉注射给药的最大耐受量为45mg/kg,远高于环维黄杨星D的5mg/kg;KM种小鼠化合物369单次灌胃给药的最大耐受量为1000mg/kg,也远高于环维黄杨星D的400mg/kg。以上结果表明,化合物369在大鼠和小鼠中的安全性优于环维黄杨星D。药代动力学评价实验
a环维黄杨星D和化合物369在SD大鼠中的药代动力学比较研究
方法:12只SD雄性大鼠分为四组,分别静脉注射和灌胃给予化合物369、环维黄杨星D 2mg/kg,静脉注射和灌胃组于给药前0h、给药后0.25h、0.5h、1h、2h、4h、6h、8h、12h自眼眶后静脉丛采集血样约0.3mL。采用LC-MS/MS法测定血浆样本中化合物369和环维黄杨星D的浓度,用DAS.3.0软件计算药代动力学参数。
研究结果见表10。SD大鼠注射和灌胃给予化合物369后,血浆中的暴露量(AUC和Cmax值)略低于环维黄杨星D,而半衰期(T1/2))则较环维黄杨星D显著缩短,能有效改善因半衰期过长而致的长期服药蓄积作用严重、易产生累积毒性的临床用药缺点。
表10 SD大鼠药代动力学参数
b Beagle犬药代动力学研究
方法:选择6只健康适宜的雄性Beagle犬动物分为两组,分别灌胃给予化合物369错误!未找到引用源。和环维黄杨星D 2mg/kg,于给药前0h、给药后0.25h、0.5h、1h、2h、4h、6h、8h、12h经犬四肢静脉采集采集血样约2mL。采用LC-MS/MS法测定血浆样本中化合物369和环维黄杨星D的浓度,用DAS.3.0软件计算药代动力学参数。
研究结果见表11。犬注射和灌胃给予中化合物369和环维黄杨星D后,血浆中的暴露量(AUC和Cmax值)均高于环维黄杨星D,而半衰期(T1/2))则较环维黄杨星D缩短,能有效改善环维黄杨星D因半衰期过长而致的长期服药蓄积作用明显、易产生累积毒性的临床用药缺点。
表11 Beagle犬药代动力学参数
环维黄杨星D是黄杨宁中的主要有效单体成份,临床上主要用于治疗冠心病、心律失常、心肌缺血等。因其半衰期长,长期用药能产生严重蓄积、易产生毒性副作用,严重影响了其在临床上的推广和使用。通过上述大鼠和犬药代动力学研究结果可以表明,化合物369在大鼠中的暴露量略低于环维黄杨星D,在Beagle犬中却明显高于环维黄杨星D。特别值得关注的是:无论在大鼠还是Beagle犬中,化合物369的代谢半衰期均较环维黄杨星D明显缩短,有利于改善环维黄杨星D因半衰期过长而致的长期服药蓄积作用明显、易产生累积毒性的临床用药缺点。
Claims (9)
- 通式(I)的化合物、其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐:其中代表-OH、=O、=NORa或=NOCORb,其中Ra代表氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基或丁基,Rb代表任选具有取代基的C1~C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C6-C12芳基,其中所述取代基选自卤素、甲基、乙基、羟基、氨基、巯基、苯基、甲氧基、乙氧基、氰基、硝基、乙酰氧基、乙酰氨基、羧基、羧酸甲酯基或羧酸乙酯基;R1代表氢、羟基、ORc或OCORd,其中Rc代表甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、戊基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基,Rd代表任选具有取代基的C1~C10烷基、C3~C10环烷基、C2~C10烯基、C6~C12芳基或杂芳基,所述杂芳基为具有5至12个环原子的单环状或稠合环,含有1~4个选自N、O或S的环杂原子,其余环原子为C;其中所述取代基选自卤素、三氟甲基、甲基、乙基、羟基、氨基、巯基、苯基、甲氧基、乙氧基、氰基、硝基、乙酰氧基、乙酰氨基、羧基、羧酸甲酯基或羧酸乙酯基;R2选自氢、卤素、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、戊基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基;R3选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、戊基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基;
- 权利要求1的化合物、其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐,是下列任一结构的化合物:(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮;(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮肟;(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-20-甲氧基亚氨基-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯;(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-21-羟基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮;(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-21-乙酰氧基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮;(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-21-(3-羧基丙酰氧基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷 -16-烯-20-酮盐酸盐;(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-21-(2-羧基苯甲酰氧基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮盐酸盐;(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-21-(苯甲酰氧基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮;(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基乙基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮;(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-21-羟基-3-(二甲氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮;(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-3-(甲基环丙基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮;(3β,5α)-4,4,14-三甲基-16-氟-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮;或(3β,5α)-4,4,14,16-四甲基-3-(甲基氨基)-9,19-环-孕甾烷-16-烯-20-酮。
- 权利要求1的化合物、其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述的药学上可接受的盐是结构式(I)的化合物与下列酸形成的盐:盐酸、氢溴酸、甲磺酸、羟基乙磺酸、硫酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、马来酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、硝酸、磷酸、硼酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、苯甲酸、抗坏血酸或水杨酸。
- 一种药物组合物,其中含有权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物、其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐及药学上可接受的载体。
- 权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物、其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐用于制备预防或治疗心脑血管疾病的药物的用途。
- 权利要求8的用途,其中所述的心脑血管疾病是心律失常、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、无症状性心肌缺血和缺血性心肌病、心力衰竭或其并发症。
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