WO2018066270A1 - 鉄道車両の外形形状測定方法及び装置 - Google Patents

鉄道車両の外形形状測定方法及び装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018066270A1
WO2018066270A1 PCT/JP2017/030916 JP2017030916W WO2018066270A1 WO 2018066270 A1 WO2018066270 A1 WO 2018066270A1 JP 2017030916 W JP2017030916 W JP 2017030916W WO 2018066270 A1 WO2018066270 A1 WO 2018066270A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
linear laser
railway vehicle
vehicle
outer shape
laser beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2017/030916
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
馬塲　修一
岡田　智仙
渡辺　正浩
敦史 谷口
俊一 高木
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to EP17858109.6A priority Critical patent/EP3524927B1/en
Publication of WO2018066270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018066270A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/245—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using a plurality of fixed, simultaneously operating transducers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
    • G01B11/2518—Projection by scanning of the object
    • G01B11/2522—Projection by scanning of the object the position of the object changing and being recorded

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a railway vehicle outer shape measuring method and apparatus for measuring the outer shape of a railway vehicle in a non-contact manner using light.
  • the limit range of the size of the cross-section of the car body that the vehicle should follow which is called the vehicle limit
  • the vehicle limit is defined by each railway operator. Shipments are made after checking for the presence.
  • a vehicle limit inspection method a frame (limit gauge) with a vehicle limit dimension is installed around the vehicle, and a plurality of workers check whether the vehicle does not touch the frame while passing the vehicle through it. The method of confirming with is conventionally performed.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses that a laser projection line (hereinafter referred to as light) formed on a vehicle outer peripheral surface by irradiating a plurality of laser beams linearly on the outer peripheral surface of a moving vehicle.
  • a method is disclosed in which the outer shape of a vehicle is calculated from the detected light cutting line by detecting the cutting line with a camera, and the vehicle limit excess determination and the excess location are displayed in a visible manner.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and when measuring the outer shape of a railway vehicle using laser light, the influence of the paint color of the vehicle is reduced, and high speed and high accuracy are achieved.
  • An object is to provide a method capable of measuring an outer shape.
  • a plurality of linear laser beams are irradiated on the outer circumferential surface of a railway vehicle without interruption, the irradiation position of the linear laser beams on the railway vehicle, and the outer circumference of the railway vehicle.
  • a method for measuring the outer shape of a railway vehicle which measures the outer shape of the railway vehicle from a two-dimensional planar projection image of the linear laser light irradiated on a surface, switches the intensity of the linear laser beam to the railway vehicle.
  • the present invention it is possible to reduce the influence of the paint color of the vehicle and perform highly accurate vehicle outer shape measurement in a short time while moving the vehicle.
  • FIG. 1B is a front view of the configuration of the railway vehicle outer shape measurement apparatus shown in FIG. 1A.
  • FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical cutting sensor which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is a timing chart which shows the imaging
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a subroutine process for calculating the vehicle outer shape shown in FIG. 4. It is a flowchart which shows the flow (modified example of FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a subroutine process for calculating and correcting the vehicle meandering amount shown in FIG. 11. It is explanatory drawing which shows the position variation measurement data example of the thread
  • FIGS. 1A and FIG. 1B show an example of the configuration of a railway vehicle outer shape measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment.
  • the apparatus irradiates the surface of the vehicle 101 with a linear laser beam 102, and a plurality of optical cutting sensors 103 for photographing the linear laser beam 102 (hereinafter referred to as an optical cutting line) projected on the surface of the vehicle 101,
  • a sensor base 104 that installs the plurality of light cutting sensors 103 so as to surround the vehicle on the rail, a vehicle movement distance measurement sensor 105 that measures a movement distance from a reference position of the vehicle, and a measurement processing mechanism 110 are provided.
  • the photographing unit 202 includes an imaging camera 203, an imaging lens 204, and a narrow band filter 205.
  • an imaging lens 204 of the imaging camera 203 having a wide angle as much as possible, the visual field range of each light cutting sensor can be increased, and the entire range of the outer periphery of the vehicle can be covered with a small number of light cutting sensors.
  • the narrow band filter 205 since only the light in the vicinity of the wavelength of the laser light mounted on each light cutting sensor is transmitted by the narrow band filter 205, the amount of disturbance light can be significantly suppressed.
  • the intensity of the linear laser beam 102 emitted from the laser light source unit 201 is set to an imaging rate: F (fps) of the imaging unit 202 as shown in FIG. 3 by controlling the voltage applied to the laser controller by the laser intensity controller. It is controlled to change in several steps at a constant frequency: F (Hz) so as to be synchronized, and to be repeated at a laser intensity modulation cycle period: T (s).
  • the vehicle 101 starts moving from the rear of the gantry 104 toward the gantry (processing S401).
  • the moving distance of the vehicle 101 is monitored to determine whether or not the vehicle has reached a preset measurement start position (processing S402), and the vehicle has moved to the preset measurement start position.
  • the intensity of the linear laser light emitted from each light cutting sensor is changed in several steps at a constant frequency: F (Hz) (Processing S403), and the imaging unit 202 sets a constant imaging rate: F (fps). Then, the optical section line is continuously photographed (processing S404).
  • the moving distance measurement sensor 105 continuously monitors the moving distance of the vehicle 101, and every time the vehicle moves a certain distance (process S405), the vehicle outer shape is calculated from the photographed light cutting line (process S406). , And whether or not the vehicle limit is exceeded (whether all the coordinate points of the measured vehicle outline are within the coordinate range indicating the vehicle limit) (processing S407), and if the vehicle limit is exceeded, the vehicle limit is exceeded. The location is displayed (processing S408). The processes from S401 to S408 are repeated until it is determined that the measurement position of the vehicle 101 has reached a preset measurement end position (process S409), and the vehicle limit excess points are displayed for all measurement positions of the vehicle. .
  • processing When processing is started, detection of light-section line pixels by detecting pixels whose pixel values are equal to or higher than a preset threshold in each captured image with different measured laser light intensities (processing SS501), and light cutting in each captured image
  • the pixel value average value: M [i] of the pixels detected as a line is calculated and the calculated value is stored in the memory (processing SS502), and the processing image number: i is counted (processing SS503). ).
  • N processing unit
  • the detected pixel value average value of each captured image calculated in SS502: M [I] are compared with each other, and the light cutting line having the highest average value is selected.
  • the pixel value average value of the detected pixels does not reach the pixel saturation value and is the highest value.
  • processing SS507 the number of images that have been compared with the average value: k is updated (processing SS508), and it is determined whether the number of comparison images: k has reached the same number of processing units: N (processing SS508).
  • the outer shape of the vehicle is calculated using the light cutting line of the image number: ks having the highest detected pixel value average value (processing SS509). Note that the vehicle outer shape calculation processing described above can also be performed after the vehicle has finished moving.
  • Example 2 the railway vehicle outer shape measuring method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • symbol is attached
  • a laser light source unit 701 capable of generating a plurality of wavelengths corresponding to the wavelength bands of RGB (red, green, blue) pixels of a color camera is provided. It is characterized in that the color camera 702 is used.
  • each RGB pixel is equipped with a color filter that transmits light in the corresponding wavelength band, so the amount of disturbance light outside the corresponding wavelength band is greatly increased in each RGB pixel.
  • S / N ratio the signal-to-noise ratio
  • a plurality of lasers each having a wavelength corresponding to RGB may be prepared, or there is no problem even if a laser having a wide wavelength band corresponding to RGB is used.
  • the optical paths of the light emitted from the plurality of laser light sources are overlapped with an optical element and irradiated as a single linear beam, and when performing intensity modulation of the laser light, The laser light intensity is changed at the same timing.
  • the flow of measurement when implementing the present invention is the same as that shown in FIGS.
  • the captured image repeatedly includes images with different laser intensity levels for each laser intensity modulation cycle. Therefore, the images in the same laser intensity modulation cycle are processed as the same processing unit. I do.
  • the light cutting line pixels are detected by detecting pixels whose pixel values are equal to or higher than a preset threshold in each captured image having different measurement laser light intensities. Since a light cutting line by light is captured by a color camera, each captured image having a different measurement laser light intensity is decomposed into RGB component images (processing SS801). At this time, a light cutting line due to light of red wavelength appears strongly in the R component image, a light cutting line due to light of green wavelength appears strongly in the G component image, and a light cutting line due to light of blue wavelength is the B component image. It is well known that it appears strongly in
  • processing SS802 the sum of the pixel values of the RGB components is calculated (processing SS802), a threshold value is determined for the sum of the pixel values of the selected RGB components, and a light-section line pixel is detected (processing SS803).
  • the average value of the sum of the pixel values of the pixels detected as the light cutting line: M [i] is calculated and the calculated value is stored in the memory (processing SS804), and the processing image count: the count value of i is updated. (Processing SS805), it is determined whether the number of processed images has reached the same number of processing units (Processing SS806).
  • the average values of the detected pixel values of the captured images calculated in SS804 are compared, and the light cutting line with the highest average value is selected. Similar to the first embodiment, when the pixel value of the light section line is saturated, the shape calculation accuracy is deteriorated. Therefore, the pixel value average value of the detection pixels does not reach the pixel saturation value, and is the highest value. If the determination condition of SS807 is satisfied, the pixel value average maximum value: M and the image number: ks at which the pixel value average is maximum are updated (processing SS808).
  • processing SS809 the number of images for which the average values have been compared: k is updated (processing SS809), it is determined whether the number of comparison images: k has reached the same number of processing units: N (processing SS810), and the number of comparison images: When k reaches the same number of processing units: N, the outer shape of the vehicle is calculated using the optical cutting line of image number: ks having the highest detected pixel average value (processing SS811).
  • the combination of the measurement laser wavelength with respect to the paint color is considered in the detection of the light cutting line. Is possible. For this reason, for example, the reflectance of the coating color with respect to the measurement laser beam wavelength is very low, and the detection intensity of the light cutting line is insufficient even if the laser intensity is increased with only one type of measurement laser beam wavelength. In this case, it is possible to perform highly accurate measurement by using a laser beam having a wavelength at which the reflectance of the paint color becomes higher.
  • Example 3 a railway vehicle outer shape measuring method according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • symbol is attached
  • FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B show an example of the configuration of the railway vehicle outer shape measuring apparatus in the present embodiment.
  • a linear object 901 serving as a reference line is attached across both ends of the railcar side surface, and the linear laser light 102 is applied to the side surface of the linear object 901 serving as a reference line in addition to the vehicle side surface.
  • the optical cutting line 1002 on the vehicle side surface shown in FIG. 10B and the optical cutting line 1003 of the linear object 901 are detected simultaneously.
  • a deviation amount from the rail reference position of the vehicle is calculated from the position variation of the light cutting line 1003 caused by the meandering of the vehicle, and the calculated deviation amount is corrected with respect to the result calculated by the image selection / shape calculation unit. I do.
  • the linear object 901 serving as the reference line is preferably an object in which the straightness of the submillimeter order is ensured, but the overall length of the railway vehicle is generally as long as about 20 m. It is difficult to manufacture an object that ensures straightness.
  • the linear object itself serving as the reference line undulates from the reference position, is the fluctuation in the position of the light cutting line caused by the linear object 901 caused by the undulation of the linear object 901 itself serving as the reference line? It is difficult to distinguish whether it is due to meandering of the vehicle. For this reason, in this embodiment, an example will be described in which a substance that does not generate undulation by applying tension, such as a thread (or string), is described.
  • FIG. 11 shows a measurement flow when the railway vehicle outer shape measurement method according to the third embodiment is performed. Steps S1101 to S1103 are the same as steps S401 to S403 in FIG. 4. However, when the optical section line is photographed in S1104, the optical side lines of the vehicle and the linear object 901 are detected at the same time. Calculate and correct the amount of vehicle meandering.
  • step S1108 shown in FIG. 11 The flow of the process of calculating and correcting the vehicle meandering amount from the photographed optical cutting line of the yarn (step S1108 shown in FIG. 11) will be described below with reference to the vehicle meandering amount calculation / correction subroutine flowchart shown in FIG. .
  • the captured images repeatedly include images with different laser intensity levels for each laser intensity modulation cycle. Therefore, images in the same laser intensity modulation cycle are processed in the same way.
  • Process as a unit. In this case, since the best laser light intensity can be determined in advance by using the same quality and the same color thread over the entire length, a light cutting line having a predetermined laser light intensity is selected from the same processed single image. (Processing SS1201), detection of the light cutting line of the yarn is performed by detecting pixels whose pixel values are equal to or greater than a preset threshold value (Processing SS1202), and then all of the shootings specified with the processing of SS1201 and SS1202 are performed. It repeats with respect to an image (process SS1203).
  • the optical cutting line data includes a straight line between the rail and the vertical direction due to the fact that the yarn is not stretched completely parallel to the rail. Since the positional displacement (yarn inclination component) and the vibration of the yarn (yarn vibration component) with the movement of the vehicle as the excitation source are superimposed, it is necessary to remove the influence of these on the position of the optical cutting line of the yarn Occurs. Since the inclination component of the yarn is linear with respect to the position in the rail direction, the data sequence of the optical section line of the yarn detected in step SS1202 is used as the rail coordinate system data sequence having the rail direction position and the rail vertical direction position as coordinate axes. (Processing SS1204), a linear equation is fitted to the data string to calculate a linear component in the data string, and the linear component (yarn inclination component) is removed from the data string (processing SS1205).
  • the vibration component of the yarn since the vibration component of the yarn has a component that fluctuates at a constant time period, the data section of the yarn after cutting the linear component is used as the coordinate axis with the data sampling time and the rail vertical position as the coordinate axes. Conversion into a time data string (processing SS1206), the vibration component of the yarn is removed by a low-pass filter capable of removing the vibration cycle of the yarn (processing SS1207), and the optical cutting of the yarn from which the inclination component of the yarn and the vibration component of the yarn are removed A line data string (yarn position variation data) is acquired. As described above, since the data of the light cutting line of the yarn is data obtained at a predetermined time interval (laser intensity modulation cycle period interval) by determining the laser light intensity in advance, the filtering process can be easily performed. Is possible.
  • the vibration cycle of the yarn can be expressed by the formula (1) from the tension when the yarn is stretched and the value of the linear density of the yarn, and the actual vibration is a combination of modes of a plurality of orders.
  • a low-pass filter that removes a frequency greater than that of the primary mode having the lowest vibration frequency, it is possible to remove vibration components of each mode.
  • FIG. 13 shows only part of the data extracted from the position variation data of the yarn acquired over the entire length of the vehicle.
  • the data string 1301 in FIG. 13A is obtained by converting the data string of the detected light cutting line of the yarn into a rail coordinate system having the rail direction position and the rail vertical direction position as coordinate axes, and FIG. 13B.
  • the data string 1302 indicates a linear component (yarn inclination component) obtained by fitting a linear equation to 1301 in FIG.
  • 1301 in FIG. 13B can be obtained by removing the component 1302 in FIG. 13B from 1301 in FIG. 13A, and the vibration of the yarn can be obtained from the low-pass filter from 1301 in FIG. 13C.
  • 1303 in FIG. 13 (d) which is a component
  • 1301 in FIG. 13 (e) which is a string position variation data string due to vehicle meandering.
  • the positional deviation amount of the linear object 901 is measured simultaneously with the vehicle side surface using a laser beam for measuring the vehicle outer shape. It is possible to detect the amount of positional deviation in the same cross section as the measurement cross section with high accuracy, and to improve the measurement accuracy of the vehicle outer shape.
  • this invention is not limited to an above-described Example, Various modifications are included.
  • the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
  • a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
PCT/JP2017/030916 2016-10-06 2017-08-29 鉄道車両の外形形状測定方法及び装置 Ceased WO2018066270A1 (ja)

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EP17858109.6A EP3524927B1 (en) 2016-10-06 2017-08-29 Method and device for measuring external shape of railroad vehicle

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JP2016198011A JP6611691B2 (ja) 2016-10-06 2016-10-06 鉄道車両の外形形状測定方法及び装置
JP2016-198011 2016-10-06

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JP7227442B2 (ja) * 2018-08-07 2023-02-22 株式会社日立製作所 車両寸法測定装置及び車両寸法測定方法
EP3696537B1 (de) * 2019-02-15 2024-05-15 SXT Retina Lab GmbH & Co. KG Vorrichtung und verfahren zur schadenserkennung an einem fahrenden fahrzeug
CN115305753B (zh) * 2022-10-12 2023-02-07 中国铁建高新装备股份有限公司 一种钢轨廓形快速预测方法、系统

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1600351A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2005-11-30 Heuristics GmbH Method and system for detecting defects and hazardous conditions in passing rail vehicles
JP2008008651A (ja) * 2006-06-27 2008-01-17 East Japan Railway Co 鉄道車両の出来形寸法の計測方法および計測システム、並びにその計測方法に用いられるターゲット、並びにその計測システムを具えた鉄道車両の出来形寸法検査システム
JP2012007950A (ja) 2010-06-23 2012-01-12 Hitachi High-Technologies Corp 車両寸法測定方法及び装置

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JP5515039B2 (ja) * 2010-10-22 2014-06-11 株式会社ミツトヨ 画像測定装置
US10368053B2 (en) * 2012-11-14 2019-07-30 Qualcomm Incorporated Structured light active depth sensing systems combining multiple images to compensate for differences in reflectivity and/or absorption
JP6425586B2 (ja) * 2015-03-04 2018-11-21 株式会社キーエンス 光学式変位計測システム、撮像条件最適化方法および撮像条件最適化プログラム

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1600351A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2005-11-30 Heuristics GmbH Method and system for detecting defects and hazardous conditions in passing rail vehicles
JP2008008651A (ja) * 2006-06-27 2008-01-17 East Japan Railway Co 鉄道車両の出来形寸法の計測方法および計測システム、並びにその計測方法に用いられるターゲット、並びにその計測システムを具えた鉄道車両の出来形寸法検査システム
JP2012007950A (ja) 2010-06-23 2012-01-12 Hitachi High-Technologies Corp 車両寸法測定方法及び装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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EP3524927B1 (en) 2022-03-30
EP3524927A1 (en) 2019-08-14
EP3524927A4 (en) 2020-06-17
JP6611691B2 (ja) 2019-11-27
JP2018059835A (ja) 2018-04-12

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