WO2018060400A1 - Clavier midi pour instrument de musique électronique - Google Patents

Clavier midi pour instrument de musique électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018060400A1
WO2018060400A1 PCT/EP2017/074737 EP2017074737W WO2018060400A1 WO 2018060400 A1 WO2018060400 A1 WO 2018060400A1 EP 2017074737 W EP2017074737 W EP 2017074737W WO 2018060400 A1 WO2018060400 A1 WO 2018060400A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
note
threshold
controller
key
signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/074737
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mario AIWASIAN
Original Assignee
Alpha Pianos Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alpha Pianos Gmbh filed Critical Alpha Pianos Gmbh
Publication of WO2018060400A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018060400A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/32—Constructional details
    • G10H1/34—Switch arrangements, e.g. keyboards or mechanical switches specially adapted for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/344—Structural association with individual keys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/155—User input interfaces for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H2220/265—Key design details; Special characteristics of individual keys of a keyboard; Key-like musical input devices, e.g. finger sensors, pedals, potentiometers, selectors
    • G10H2220/275—Switching mechanism or sensor details of individual keys, e.g. details of key contacts, hall effect or piezoelectric sensors used for key position or movement sensing purposes; Mounting thereof
    • G10H2220/291—Switching mechanism or sensor details of individual keys, e.g. details of key contacts, hall effect or piezoelectric sensors used for key position or movement sensing purposes; Mounting thereof with four or more contacts, switches or sensor triggering levels along the key kinematic path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/155—User input interfaces for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H2220/265—Key design details; Special characteristics of individual keys of a keyboard; Key-like musical input devices, e.g. finger sensors, pedals, potentiometers, selectors
    • G10H2220/305—Key design details; Special characteristics of individual keys of a keyboard; Key-like musical input devices, e.g. finger sensors, pedals, potentiometers, selectors using a light beam to detect key, pedal or note actuation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a MIDI -Kschliatur for an electronic musical instrument, with a plurality of keys, which are pivotally mounted in a play slot and each depressible from a rest position to a lowered position.
  • Keyboards of this kind are used in or in conjunction with electronic musical instruments, the pianos, but also completely different, even keyless instruments, sound reproduce.
  • These keyboards generate digital key signals according to a MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) standard, which are converted into electrical sound by sound generators such as electronic pianos, keyboards, synthesizers, drum machines, virtual (“native") instruments in computerized host applications, and so on.
  • sound generators such as electronic pianos, keyboards, synthesizers, drum machines, virtual (“native") instruments in computerized host applications, and so on.
  • the keyboard plays a so-called note-on signal for this key on the keyboard's MIDI output, which is triggered by a tone generator connected to it, eg a synthesizer, as the beginning of a tone assigned to the key.
  • a tone generator connected to it, eg a synthesizer
  • the keyboard outputs a note-off signal that the tone generator can interpret as the end of the tone assigned to the key.
  • the keys of such MIDI keyboards usually have to be pressed all the way down to the lowered position in order to generate the note-on signal, or to bring it all the way back to its rest position in order to clear the note off. Generate signal.
  • the stroke of a key must be completely covered with each impact, which means both time and effort and limits the musical expression.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a MIDI keyboard for an electronic musical instrument, which provides a improved feel and enhanced musical expression.
  • a sensor for each key adapted to measure a current position of the key between the home position and the lowered position
  • a note-on-signal generator for each key connected to one of the note-on thresholds and configured to output a note-on signal according to a MIDI standard when the position of the key measured by the sensor is one of the Note-on threshold passed note-on threshold passed in the direction of the lowered position;
  • a note-on adjuster for each of the note-on thresholds for adjusting its note-on threshold.
  • the invention thus provides a keyboard which makes it possible to change the stroke of a key to the output point of a sound signal according to the habits, needs and abilities of the player of the keyboard.
  • the note-on adjustment device according to the invention allows the musician to adapt the response of the keyboard quickly and individually, even during a single piece of music.
  • the keyboard according to the invention thus also opens up the possibility of completely new ways of playing with e.g. particularly low key strokes, so that, for example, a sound signal is generated even at the slightest touch of a button.
  • the keyboard can also be recorded, for example, with little effort, also "backwards", that is to say from the articulation side of the keys, or merely by striking with drumsticks, felt beaters etc.
  • the sensors are further configured to measure a current speed of the key, the signal output by the note-on-signal generator.
  • Note-on signal comprises the speed measured at the time the note-on threshold was reached. This can be interpreted, for example, by a tone generator as the volume of the tone.
  • the sensor preferably comprises a light barrier mounted in the game wall and a measuring strip mounted on the button, the measuring strip having bars with alternating reflectivity or transparency in the pressing-down direction of the button, and the sensor being designed to determine the position and / or speed of the button Key to be counted by transitions of bars by means of the light barrier. This enables a particularly good resolution of the position or speed to be measured, since the bars are very small, e.g. with a height of about 60 ⁇ , can be selected.
  • the senor in this embodiment comprises a further light barrier, which is offset in the direction of depression to the aforementioned light barrier, in order to measure the direction of movement of the measuring strip.
  • a further light barrier which is offset in the direction of depression to the aforementioned light barrier, in order to measure the direction of movement of the measuring strip.
  • the keyboard has a common note-on threshold for all note-on-signal generators.
  • the sensitivity of the keyboard can, for example, also purely electronic via a control input, which then represents the adjusting device to be changed in order to impose the piano a new characteristic.
  • the device has at least two note-on thresholds and associated note-on adjustments, each having a note-on threshold connected to the note-on-signal generators of a plurality of keys.
  • the sensitivity of the keyboard can be adjusted in terms of octaves or sections, for example according to different ones, the respective one Octaves or keyboard sections assigned sounds of the sound generator.
  • the keyboard has a note-on-signal generator and associated note-on adjustment for each key.
  • the sensitivity of the keyboard can be adjusted to increase or decrease over its entire key progression, e.g. To make the attack behavior of the keys of higher notes progressively more sensitive or insensitive than the attack behavior of the keys of lower notes.
  • this keyboard can be calibrated by keys to compensate for any manufacturing tolerances of the keys, sensors and / or the game load.
  • the keyboard can for this purpose have its own manual adjusting device for each key, or the individual adjusting devices are realized by an electronic bus interface, which combines all the adjusting devices.
  • the timing of terminating a sound signal upon release of a key may also be set individually.
  • the keyboard according to the invention comprises in a further preferred embodiment:
  • a note-off signal generator for each key connected to one of the note-off thresholds and configured to output a note-off signal according to said MIDI standard if the position of the key measured by the sensor is one Note-Off Threshold issued by the Note-Off Threshold;
  • Threshold to adjust its note-off threshold.
  • the decay behavior of the sound of a key that has been hit can also be made dependent on the key path by individually adjusting the note-off threshold value of the key.
  • keyboards can be realized with completely new musical expressions and playing styles, for example if the note-on threshold and the note-off threshold are very close or - in comparison to conventional keyboards - "vice versa " lie.
  • the keyboard has a common note off threshold for all note off signal generators. All note-off thresholds of the keyboard can thus be e.g. by manually adjusting a single controller.
  • the keyboard has at least two note-off thresholds and associated note-off adjustments, each having a note-off threshold connected to the note-off-signal generators of a plurality of keys to control the decay of the octave keyboard. or set in sections.
  • the keyboard according to the invention supports two characteristics for outputting the note-off signals.
  • the note-off signal can only be output if the position of the key measured by the sensor passes the note-off threshold output by the note-off threshold in the direction of the rest position. This mimics the classic characteristics of keyboards where note-off signals are output only when the keys are released.
  • the note-off signal can also be output, or only if the position of the key measured by the sensor passes the note-off threshold output by the note-off threshold in the direction of the lowered position.
  • the note-off signal can already be output while the key is pressed. This can be used, for example, to dampen a sound triggered by a light touch again by further pressing the same key again; if the keyboard sounds "light", ie shallow, depressed, the sounds sound longer, for example, than when they are played In this case, it is preferable to stop issuing a note-off signal when the key returns to its home position, ie when the note-off threshold is passed in the release direction ,
  • the keyboard of the invention can also be used to output MIDI controller signals depending on the position of the key. Unlike in the prior art known to do this no key to the external controller, such as a handwheel, joystick or pedal, are operated. To achieve this, the keyboard according to the invention further comprises:
  • At least one controller threshold generator At least one controller threshold generator
  • controller signal generator for each key connected to one of the controller thresholds and configured to output a controller signal according to said MIDI standard when the sensor measured position of the key is in a range between one output from the controller threshold first controller threshold value and a threshold corresponding to the rest position or the lowered position, changed or located, the controller signal encodes the current position or speed of the key;
  • At least one controller adjustment means for each controller threshold to adjust their controller thresholds.
  • Threshold above or below which a movement of the button will trigger the output of a MIDI controller signal If the key position is eg between the controller threshold value and the lowered position, an increasingly stronger effect, for example a tremolo, vibrato or filter effect, can be triggered, for example, by progressively deeper depression of the key by means of the controller signal in the tone generator.
  • the key position encoded in such a way for example between the threshold and the rest position, for example, the decay behavior ("Decay", "Sustain” or "Release") of a sound depending on the key position modulated or regulated.
  • the controller threshold can be formed by the note-on threshold and the controller adjustment by the note-on adjustment.
  • the sound can be modulated directly after its echoing.
  • a separate controller adjustment device is no longer necessary in this case.
  • the controller threshold can be formed by the note-off threshold and the controller adjustment by the note-off adjustment. Again, no separate controller adjustment is needed.
  • This embodiment is particularly well suited in conjunction with a second threshold corresponding to the rest position, whereby e.g. a modulation effect can be added to the note that sounds after the note off signal during the release movement of the key.
  • the key movement range for the generation of the controller signals can also be set independently of the end positions of the key.
  • the keyboard according to the invention has preferred:
  • controller signal generator for each key connected to one of the first and one of the second controller thresholds and configured to output a controller signal according to said MIDI standard when the position of the key measured by the sensor is in a range between one the first controller threshold output by the first controller threshold and the second controller threshold output by the second controller threshold changes or is located, the controller signal encoding the current position or speed of the key; at least one first adjusting device for each first controller threshold generator for adjusting its first controller threshold value; and
  • At least one second adjusting device for each second controller threshold value for adjusting its second controller threshold value.
  • upper and lower controller thresholds can be individually set independently of the settings of the key, e.g. is then advantageous if after the echo of a sound (output of the note-on signal) a certain margin is to be met, within which the sound should not be modulated. Only when the first controller threshold is reached is the tone signal modulated or altered using the generated MIDI controller signals until the second controller threshold is reached. After reaching the second controller threshold, e.g. Again, a certain margin be respected until the note-off threshold is reached.
  • the two controller adjusters may be either separate, e.g. be designed as physical controllers or electronic interface (s), or they coincide with the adjustment means of the note-on or note-off thresholds, i. the first controller threshold is formed by the note-on threshold and the first controller adjusting means by the note-on adjusting means and the second controller threshold by the note-off threshold and the second controller adjusting means by the Note-off adjustment device.
  • the output audio signal may then be modulated over the entire range defined by the note on and note off thresholds.
  • the mentioned controller signals may contain all MIDI controller values known in the art, eg for controlling program or bank changes, velocity data, sustain or pedal data, modulation control data, etc.
  • the controller signals considered here are so-called after-effects.
  • MIDI standard touch signals such as those used to control tremolo, vibrato, or filter modulation effects.
  • the keyboard according to the invention makes it possible to generate such aftertouch signals depending on the respective position of a key on its Tastenhubweg.
  • Fig. La the keyboard according to the invention in a schematic sectional view by a button in conjunction with a connected sound generator;
  • Fig. 1b shows the sensor of the keyboard of Fig. 1a in detail
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the keyboard according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3a and 3b show a first embodiment of note-on and note-off threshold settings of the keyboard of Fig. La and 2 based on a comparison of the key movement between rest position and lowered position on the one hand (Fig. 3a) and the note-on and note-off thresholds relative to the rump position and the lowered position on the other hand ( Figure 3b);
  • Fig. 3c Timing diagrams of the key position when pressing the key (above), the output to the MIDI output of the keyboard MIDI signals (center) and the envelope of a tone generated thereby by the tone generator (below) for the embodiment of Fig. 3a and 3b ;
  • FIGS. 4a to 4c show a second embodiment of the keyboard of FIGS. 1a and 2, each in the same representation as in FIGS. 3a to 3c;
  • Figures 5a and 5b show further examples of possible note on and note off thresholds relative to the home position and the lowered position
  • FIGS. 6a to 6c show a third embodiment of the keyboard of FIGS. 1a and 2, each in the same representation as in FIGS. 3a to 3c, wherein also controller threshold values and controller signals are shown; and Figures 7a to 7d show further examples of note on and note off and controller thresholds relative to the home position and the lowered position.
  • MIDI keyboard 1 for an electronic musical instrument, in this case a synthesizer 2 with a loudspeaker 3 connected thereto.
  • the musical instrument 2 can also be a computer, a virtual instrument implemented thereon, or another tone or sound generator that is capable of interpreting MIDI signals output from the keyboard 1.
  • the keyboard 1 can also be assembled with the musical instrument 2 into a device, optionally also with the loudspeaker 3.
  • keyboard 1 Of the keyboard 1, only a single key 4 is shown in FIG. 1a with the components assigned to it and described below; however, it is to be understood that the keyboard 1 comprises a plurality of keys 2 lying side by side in the plan view, for example, in a concert grand piano structure 88 or 97, keys 4 in several octaves.
  • the keys 4 are pivotally mounted in a play tray 5 on a bearing 6 with an axis A in the manner of a one- or (here :) two-armed lever.
  • Each key 4 is characterized by a rest position P R - for example, against the force of a supported in the play tray 4 spring element (not shown) - depressible in a lowered position P A (Fig. 3a, 4a, 6a).
  • each key 4 which is as far as possible from the articulation axis A is equipped with a sensor 7 which measures the respectively current position x of the key 4 and, optionally, its temporal change also the respective current direction of movement and optional speed of the key 4.
  • a sensor 7 which measures the respectively current position x of the key 4 and, optionally, its temporal change also the respective current direction of movement and optional speed of the key 4.
  • Fig. Lb shows an embodiment of the sensor 7 in detail.
  • the sensor 7 here has two light barriers 8 ', each comprising a transmitter S and a receiver E.
  • Light S emitted by the transmitter S is reflected by the measuring strip 8 "and registered by the receiver E.
  • the measuring strip 8" here has bars 2 B, B 2 with alternating reflectivity in the depressed direction of the button 4.
  • a metal, glass or plastic plate with etched, carved or lasered lines can be used.
  • the height of the bars Bi, B 2 is here, for example, 10 - 500 ⁇ , preferably 20 - 100 ⁇ , more preferably 50 - 70 ⁇ , eg 60 ⁇ .
  • a partially transparent measuring strip 8" can be used, whereby here the transmitter S is located on a side of the measuring strip 8 "opposite the receiver E (not shown).
  • the receiver E registers a change in intensity of the light beam L deflected by the measuring strip 8 "(or passing through the measuring strip 8"), if this exceeds the boundary between two bars B 1 ( B 2)
  • B 2 By counting the transitions between different bars Bi, B 2 the current position x of the key 4 can thus be determined starting from a zero point in a rest position P R of the key 4. In the rest position, a zero point compensation can additionally be carried out so that the sensor 7 is always in a calibrated state ,
  • the respectively current speed v of the key 4 can additionally be measured, both during the depression and when it is released.
  • the sensor measures 7 the time required for the light beam L to pass through a bar Bi or B 2 , which can be determined, for example, from the time difference between a first transition Bi-B 2 and a second transition B 2 -Bi.
  • a frequency of the bar passages can be determined in a time window immediately preceding the measurement time in order to determine the speed.
  • two light barriers 8 ' which are spaced apart in the direction of depression, are used, the measurement accuracy can be additionally increased or the direction of movement of the key 4 can be detected.
  • the two light barriers 8 ' are offset by an amount which is unequal to a single, a double or generally a multiple of the width of the bars ⁇ , B 2 , to the movement direction from the mutual phase position of the signals received in the receivers E determine.
  • two light barriers 8 ' can each share a transmitter S or a receiver E.
  • the sensor 7 transmits the measured current position x and optionally the direction of movement and speed v to a computing unit 9 via a connecting line 10.
  • the direction of movement and the speed v of the key 4 can also be calculated only in the arithmetic unit 9 from the position measurements x obtained. If the arithmetic unit 9 determines that the key 4 has been pressed down to a defined position, it outputs a note-on signal according to the MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) standard at a MIDI interface 11 of the keyboard 1 as explained in detail below.
  • MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
  • the MIDI standard is a standard for musical instruments to describe the beginning, end, volume, sound, modulations and other characteristics of sounds by means of digital signals.
  • a MIDI note-on signal indicates the beginning of a tone signal
  • a MIDI note-off signal the initiation of the end of a tone signal
  • a MIDI controller signal a tone selection, eg program and bank note. Changes, or sound change of a sound signal, eg modulation of pitch, volume or timbre, on.
  • the arithmetic unit 9 outputs a MIDI note on signal via the MIDI interface 11 to the musical instrument 2 for a depressed key 4, this generates a tone signal assigned to the key 4, which can be reproduced as a sound, for example, by the loudspeaker 3.
  • the arithmetic unit 9 later outputs a note-off signal for this key 4 via the MIDI interface 11 to the musical instrument 2 in order to initiate the end of this audio signal.
  • Both the note-on and the note-off signal may also include the speed v upon reaching the respective threshold value.
  • Fig. 2 shows the circuit diagram of the keyboard 1 and in particular the arithmetic unit 9 in detail.
  • Each key 4 is assigned in the arithmetic unit 9, a note-on-signal generator 12 to which the current position x of the key 2 from the sensor 7 via the connecting line 10 is supplied.
  • the note-on-signal generator 12 receives a note-on threshold value S ⁇ from a note-on threshold value transmitter 13 via a line 14.
  • the note-on threshold value transmitter 13 can be used, for example, as a memory cell in which the note -On threshold value S ⁇ stored and digitally available via the line 14, or as a potentiometer, which outputs an analog voltage corresponding to the threshold S ⁇ on the line 14, or the like. be educated.
  • the threshold value S ⁇ of the note-on threshold value transmitter 13 can be changed via a control line 15 from a note-on adjustment device 16.
  • the note-on adjusting device 16 is, for example, a controller of any type that can be operated manually or with the feet, for example a hand wheel, joystick or pedal, or an interface for receiving analog or digital control signals.
  • the note-on-signal generator 12 thus receives, on the one hand, the current position x of the key 4 from the sensor 7 and, on the other hand, the note-on threshold value S ⁇ from the note-on threshold value transmitter 13. If the position x measured by the sensor 7 of FIG Key 4 exceeds the note-on threshold S ⁇ towards the lowered position P A , the note-on-signal generator 12 outputs a MIDI note-on signal for that key 4 on a MIDI bus 17 leading to the MIDI Interface 11 leads.
  • the note-on threshold value S ⁇ can be determined by means of the note on
  • Adjustment 16 are set to any, a position x of the key 4 between the rest position P R and the lowered position P A corresponding value.
  • the threshold value S ⁇ when the threshold value S ⁇ is set near the home position P R , the key 4 need only be slightly depressed to output a note-on signal to the MIDI interface 11. Also, the threshold value S ⁇ can be set to a value coincident with the rest position P R or the lowered position P A
  • Buttons 4, each with a note-on-signal generator 12 can share a common note-on threshold 16 with adjusting 16.
  • the entire keyboard 1 may have a common note-on threshold 13 for the note-on-signal generators 12 of all the keys 4.
  • the keyboard 1 for each key 4 could also have its own note-on threshold 13 and an associated note-on adjustment 16, for example, over the key history of the keyboard 1 progressively higher or lower thresholds S ⁇ for the keys 4 pretend can.
  • Another possibility is to group the keys 4 in octaves or sections, so that for each octave or section of the keyboard 1 there is a separate note-on threshold generator 13 with note-on-adjustment device 16 available, as by the repetition of the arithmetic units 9 in Fig. 2 illustrates.
  • the keyboard 1 additionally has a note-off signal generator 18 for each key 4, which on the one hand likewise shows the current position x of the key 4 via the connecting lead 10 from the sensor 7 and on the other hand a note Threshold S 2 from a note-off transducer 19 receives via a line 20.
  • the note-off signal generator 18 When the actual position x of the key 4 measured by the sensor 7 passes the note-off threshold value S 2 , the note-off signal generator 18 outputs a MIDI note on the MIDI bus 17 and thus the MIDI interface 11. Off - signal interpreted by the musical instrument 2 as "beginning of the end" of the sound signal generated for the key 4.
  • the note-off signal generator 18 may, for example, be set such that it outputs a note-off signal only when the position x of the key 4 measured by the sensor 7 exceeds the note-off threshold value S 2 in the direction of the rest position P R happens. This ensures that the keyboard 1 does not already output a note-off signal when the key 4 is depressed.
  • the note-off signal generator 18 can also output a note-off signal in addition or only if the position x of the key 4 passes the note-off threshold value S 2 in the direction of the lowered position P A , If, for example, the note-off threshold value S 2 is set as close as possible to the lowered position P A , the player can end or "dampen" a tone triggered in the upper movement range of the key 4 by pressing the key 4 down.
  • the keyboard 1 can have a common note-off threshold value transmitter 19 for the note-off signal generators 18 of all the keys 4.
  • the keyboard 1 comprises two or more note-off threshold value transmitters 19, each of which is individually connected to one or (octave- or section-wise) several note-off signal generator (s) 18 via a line 20.
  • the note-off threshold value S 2 of each note-off threshold value transmitter 19 can be changed via a control line 21 from a note-off adjustment device 22, which can be configured in the same way as explained above for the note-on adjustment devices 16.
  • 3a to 3c, 4a to 4c and 5a, 5b show some exemplary setting options for the note-on and note-off thresholds Si, S 2 .
  • the key 4 passes the note-on threshold S ⁇ toward the lowered position P A , a MIDI note-on signal 23 is generated;
  • the note-off threshold value S 2 is passed in the direction of the rest position P R , a MIDI note-off signal 24 is generated.
  • FIG. 3 c shows this for an exemplary course 25 or x (t) of the key position x over the time t when the key 4 is depressed, held and then released again completely (upper diagram).
  • the middle diagram shows the note-on and note-off signals 23, 24 generated on passing through the thresholds S ⁇ and S 2 on the bus 17 and the interface 11, respectively, in the note-on or note-off Signal output speed v is shown as the height of the signal; and the lower diagram shows an exemplary amplitude envelope curve 26 or a (t) of a sound signal generated thereby by the musical instrument 2.
  • the envelope 26 is synthesized according to the ADSR model (Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release), in which the amplitude a (t) of the audio signal after being triggered by the note-on signal 23 is initially set to a peak. increases (Attack "A”), then drops (Decay “D”) until a sustain level (Sustain "S”) is reached, which is held until the occurrence of the note-off signal 24, and then degraded again become (Release "R”).
  • ADSR model AdSR model
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b show further examples of the setting of the note-on and note-off threshold values Si, S 2 .
  • the note-off threshold S 2 is between the note-on threshold S ⁇ and the lowered position P A, and the note-off signal 24 is output only when the current position x the key 4 passes the note off threshold S 2 in the direction of the lowered position P A.
  • Fig. 5b shows a setting in which the note-on threshold value Si coincides with the note-off threshold value S 2 and the note-off signal 24 is generated only during the upward movement of the key. The output of the sound can thus be stopped by the player immediately, if the key 4 is released immediately after the sound of the sound.
  • each of the buttons 4 is optionally assigned a controller signal generator 27, which likewise receives the current position x of the key 4 via the connecting line 10 from the sensor 7.
  • Each controller signal generator 27 is connected via lines 28, 29 to two controller thresholds 30, 31, from which it receives controller thresholds Ci and C 2 , respectively.
  • the threshold values Ci, C 2 of the controller threshold value transmitters 30, 31 can each be changed via control lines 32, 33 by controller adjustment devices 34, 35.
  • the controller aligners 34, 35 like the note on and note off adjusters 16, 22, can again be used as physical registers. Ler or electronic interfaces to be formed.
  • common controller threshold value transmitters 30, 31 with adjusting devices 34, 35 can again be provided for a plurality of controller signal generators 27, eg for octaves or sections of the keyboard 1.
  • controller threshold value transmitters 30, 31 by means of the note-on and note-off threshold value transmitters 13, 19, as illustrated in FIG. 2 by the optional connections 28 ', 29' shown in broken lines, so that separate modules for the threshold value 30, 31 unnecessary.
  • the controller signal generator 27 has the function of outputting a MIDI controller signal on the bus 17 and thus of the MIDI interface 11 when the current position x of the key 4 measured by the sensor 7 is in a range between the two controller threshold values Ci and C 2 is changed or located.
  • the MIDI controller signal preferably encodes the respective current position x or speed of the key 4 in order to produce sound-position-dependent or sound-dependent sound effects for the sound signal triggered by the key 4 in the musical instrument 2. This will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment of FIGS. 6a to 6c.
  • FIG. 6b shows a first controller threshold value Ci between the rest position P R and the lowered position P A and below the note-on threshold value Si, as well as a second controller threshold value C 2 , which coincides with the lowered position P A.
  • the note-off threshold S 2 is here for reasons of clarity in the position of the rest position P R.
  • the key 4 is completely depressed, held and released again, see course of movement 25 or x (t) in the uppermost (first) diagram of FIG. 6c.
  • the MIDI note-on and note-off signals 23, 24 generated in accordance with the note-on and note-off threshold values Si, S 2 are respectively drawn in the second and third diagrams of FIG Various embodiments of the generation of MIDI controller signals 36, 37 show.
  • the controller signals 36 continuously generated in the key position area between the controller threshold values Ci and C 2 respectively encode the current speed of the key 4; For example, they are output each time the current position x of the key 4 changes by a predetermined increment.
  • the controller signal 37 continuously generated in the key position area between the controller threshold values Ci and C 2 respectively code the current position x of the key 4 and are output, for example, in a predetermined cycle.
  • FIG. 6c again shows an exemplary envelope 26 of a sound signal output by the musical instrument according to the ADSR model, wherein a thick line thickness represents the tone color change or modulation produced by the controller signals 36, 37.
  • the controller signals 36, 37 may encode all available MIDI controller values, whether program or bank changes, volume or velocity values, monophonic or polyphonic aftertouch values, e.g. for tremolo, vibrato, filter or modulation effects of the musical instrument 2, etc.
  • only one single controller threshold value transmitter 30 with associated adjusting device 34 can be provided for a controller signal generator 27.
  • the controller signal generator 27 can then output a controller signal 36 or 37 if the current position x of the key 4 between the (then single) controller threshold Ci and the rest position P A or between the (then single) controller threshold Ci and the lowered position P A changed or located.
  • Such a single controller threshold value transmitter 30 can also be formed directly by the note-on threshold value transmitter 13 or the note-off threshold value transmitter 19, so that no additional threshold must be provided with its own adjustment.
  • Fig. 7b shows the note-on and note-off threshold situation of Fig. 4b, wherein after the deeper depression of the key 4 and the subsequent passing of the first controller threshold Ci corresponding note off threshold value S 2 in the upward direction r 2, a modulation is added to the release section R of the ADSR model that extends into the rest position P R corresponding to the second controller threshold C 2 .
  • FIG. 7 c shows the case of FIG. 5 a, wherein here, after passing the note-off threshold value S 2 in the downward direction r ⁇ the release section R of the ADSR model, a modulation is added which extends just above the lowered position P A of the button 4 extends.
  • FIG. 7 d shows a situation similar to FIG. 5 b, the controller threshold values Ci, C 2 between the note-on or note-off threshold value Si, S 2 and the lowered position P A of the key 4 being located here ,
  • This allows either a quick termination of the sound when the key 4 is released immediately after the output of the note-on signal 23, or a modulation of the sound when the key 4 is lower than the first Controller threshold Ci is pressed.
  • the end of the modulation ie the second controller threshold value C 2
  • is above the lowered position P A which creates a modulation-free key path "for safety's sake" here.
  • All the generators 12, 18, 27 shown in FIG. 2 in the arithmetic unit 9, thresholds 13, 19, 30, 31 and connected components such as the bus 17 may e.g. be realized with a single integrated circuit or in individual interconnected circuits.
  • the circuits can be fabricated as ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chips.
  • the components mentioned can also be configured in keyed manner or combined in octaves or sections in each case in a computing unit 9, as shown schematically in FIG. 2 on the basis of three arithmetic units 9.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un clavier (1) pour un instrument de musique, comprenant une pluralité de touches (4) qui sont montées pivotantes dans un tiroir de jeu (5) et qui peuvent respectivement être enfoncées d'une position de repos (PR) dans une position abaissée (PA); un capteur (7) pour chaque touche (4), lequel est configuré pour mesurer une position actuelle (x) de la touche (4) entre la position de repos (PR) et la position abaissée (PA); au moins un transmetteur de valeur de seuil de « Note activée » (12); un générateur de signal de « Note activée » (12) pour chaque touche (4), lequel est relié à l'un des transmetteurs de valeur de seuil de « Note activée » (13) et est configuré pour délivrer un signal de « Note activée » (33) conformément à la norme MIDI lorsque la position (x) de la touche (4) mesurée par le capteur (7) passe une valeur de seuil de « Note activée » (S1) délivrée par le transmetteur de valeur de seuil de « Note activée » (13) en direction de la position abaissée (PA); et un dispositif d'ajustement de « Note activée » (15) pour chacun des transmetteurs de valeur de seuil de « Note activée » (13), destiné à régler sa valeur de seuil de « Note activée » (S1).
PCT/EP2017/074737 2016-09-29 2017-09-29 Clavier midi pour instrument de musique électronique WO2018060400A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP16191303.3 2016-09-29
EP16191303.3A EP3301670A1 (fr) 2016-09-29 2016-09-29 Clavier midi pour instrument de musique électronique

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10714067B1 (en) 2019-05-31 2020-07-14 Roli Ltd. Controller for producing control signals
EP3745391A1 (fr) * 2019-05-31 2020-12-02 Roli Limited Commande pour produire des signaux de commande

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5107748A (en) * 1989-02-16 1992-04-28 Yamaha Corporation Touch-response tone controller unit for an electronic musical instrument
US5231283A (en) * 1989-03-27 1993-07-27 Gulbransen, Inc. Opto-electronic sensing method and device for an acoustic piano
EP1879003A2 (fr) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-16 Yamaha Corporation Système de transducteur optique pour surveiller des pièces amovibles, modulateur optique et instrument de musique l'utilisant
US20090151548A1 (en) * 2007-12-13 2009-06-18 Roland Corporation Position sensing device
US20100089225A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2010-04-15 Yamaha Corporation Pedal Apparatus and Electronic Keyboard Apparatus Having the Same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5107748A (en) * 1989-02-16 1992-04-28 Yamaha Corporation Touch-response tone controller unit for an electronic musical instrument
US5231283A (en) * 1989-03-27 1993-07-27 Gulbransen, Inc. Opto-electronic sensing method and device for an acoustic piano
EP1879003A2 (fr) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-16 Yamaha Corporation Système de transducteur optique pour surveiller des pièces amovibles, modulateur optique et instrument de musique l'utilisant
US20090151548A1 (en) * 2007-12-13 2009-06-18 Roland Corporation Position sensing device
US20100089225A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2010-04-15 Yamaha Corporation Pedal Apparatus and Electronic Keyboard Apparatus Having the Same

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