WO2018055999A1 - 携帯通信端末 - Google Patents
携帯通信端末 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018055999A1 WO2018055999A1 PCT/JP2017/031039 JP2017031039W WO2018055999A1 WO 2018055999 A1 WO2018055999 A1 WO 2018055999A1 JP 2017031039 W JP2017031039 W JP 2017031039W WO 2018055999 A1 WO2018055999 A1 WO 2018055999A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- communication terminal
- mobile communication
- housing
- metal
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0602—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
- H04B7/0608—Antenna selection according to transmission parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/245—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
- H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mobile communication terminal such as a smartphone or a tablet, and more particularly to a mobile communication terminal having a metal mesh antenna, a proximity sensor, and an antenna provided in a housing.
- Mobile communication terminals equipped with a touch panel such as a smartphone or tablet are currently being advanced in function, size, thickness and weight of mobile terminal devices.
- These portable communication terminals are equipped with a plurality of antennas such as a telephone antenna, a WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) antenna, and a Bluetooth (registered trademark) antenna.
- Patent Document 1 describes that in a mobile terminal device that uses a plurality of antennas simultaneously, the amount of radio waves emitted to a human body is reduced.
- the portable terminal device of Patent Document 1 can switch each of a plurality of antennas, human sensors, and a plurality of antennas to a use state or a non-use state, and can switch a radiation pattern of each antenna in the use state.
- An antenna switching device Moreover, the portable terminal device of patent document 1 has a communication control part which selects the antenna which a portable terminal device uses for communication based on the output result of a human sensitive sensor.
- the antenna switching device selects an antenna to be used for communication according to the antenna selection result by the selection unit, switches the selected antenna to a use state, and switches the radiation pattern of the selected antenna based on the output of the human sensor. .
- next generation communication standard 5G which is serviced in from 2020, 24.25 to 86 GHz has become a frequency to be studied.
- Such high-frequency radio waves are more shielded by the human body than radio waves of the communication standard 4G (Generation) in the frequency band 450 MHz to 3.6 GHz, and the influence of the human body on radio wave shielding is large.
- Mobile communication terminals have a variety of uses and methods of use. Hold the phone with your other hand along the single axis and place it on your ear. In this case, only the ear contacts the mobile communication terminal, but if there is an antenna in a region where the ear contacts, the reception efficiency of the antenna is significantly reduced.
- the antenna of the mobile communication terminal is arranged behind a decorative portion around the mobile communication terminal called a frame portion.
- a frame portion a decorative portion around the mobile communication terminal
- the proportion of the display screen on the viewing side of the mobile communication terminal has increased, development is progressing to reduce the frame portion, and the antenna placement location is being narrowed.
- the high-quality feeling of a metal casing is preferred for mobile communication terminals, and the radio wave absorption of the metal casing is also related to restrictions on antenna installation.
- Patent Document 1 an antenna is provided in the frame portion of the mobile terminal device, but at present, development is progressing in the direction of eliminating the frame portion, and there is a tendency that the antenna is not provided on the side surface. Further, the antennas at the upper and lower portions of the mobile terminal device overlap with each other when the mobile terminal device is held sideways, and the antenna is shielded by the human body. Further, in Patent Document 1, a plurality of antennas are provided in the housing, but no consideration is given to beamforming, and therefore, the reception efficiency of the portable terminal device of Patent Document 1 is significantly reduced. As described above, in mobile communication terminals, it is becoming difficult to maintain communication with the outside due to various restrictions.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a portable communication terminal capable of solving the problems based on the above-described conventional technology and maintaining communication with the outside.
- the present invention is a mobile communication terminal having a casing, which includes a proximity sensor, a film antenna, a casing antenna, and a control unit, and includes a proximity sensor, a film antenna,
- a portable communication terminal is provided in which a housing antenna and a control unit are provided in the housing.
- the casing is preferably made of a metal as a main component.
- the metal is preferably aluminum.
- the film antenna is preferably an array antenna. Moreover, it is preferable to have a phase shifter connected to the array antenna.
- the film antenna is preferably a phased array antenna.
- the film antenna preferably has a dot pattern.
- the proximity sensor is preferably an infrared sensor using infrared rays.
- the proximity sensor preferably includes a housing antenna.
- the housing antenna preferably has a maximum length of 2 cm or less.
- the film antenna is preferably composed of a fine metal wire having a line width of 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the film antenna preferably has a line width of 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the film antenna preferably has a maximum length of 2 cm or less. It is preferable that the casing has a rectangular shape, and the proximity sensor is provided at one end in the longitudinal direction of the casing.
- the housing preferably has an opening, a display portion is provided in the opening, and the film antenna is preferably provided on the display portion and in the region of the opening.
- ⁇ is a numerical value ⁇ to a numerical value ⁇
- the range of ⁇ is a range including the numerical value ⁇ and the numerical value ⁇ , and expressed by mathematical symbols, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- angles such as “an angle represented by a specific numerical value”, “parallel”, “vertical”, and “orthogonal” include an error range generally allowed in the corresponding technical field.
- “same” and “all” and the like include an error range that is generally allowed in the corresponding technical field.
- Transparent means that the light transmittance is at least 60% or more, preferably 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 85% in the visible light wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm. That is all.
- the light transmittance is measured using, for example, “Plastics—How to obtain total light transmittance and total light reflectance” defined in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) K 7375: 2008.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a mobile communication terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a mobile communication terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the mobile communication terminal 10 includes a proximity sensor 22, a housing antenna, a film antenna, and a control unit 20 (see FIG. 2).
- the proximity sensor 22, the housing antenna, the film antenna, and the control unit 20 Is provided in the housing 12.
- the housing 12 has, for example, a rectangular shape, and the proximity sensor 22 is provided at one end in the longitudinal direction of the housing 12.
- the opening 13 a of the housing 12 tends to be enlarged and the frame portion 13 tends to be narrowed, and the frame portion 13 is narrow.
- a display area (not shown) of the display unit 16 is located in the opening 13 a.
- the opening 13a side of the mobile communication terminal 10 is also referred to as the viewing side.
- the mobile communication terminal 10 is, for example, what is called a smartphone, a tablet, a smart watch, or the like, and is also called a mobile device.
- the upper surface 12a of the housing 12 is a surface on one end side in the longitudinal direction of the rectangular housing 12, and the lower surface 12b of the housing 12 is the other end portion in the longitudinal direction. It is the side surface.
- the side surface 12d of the housing 12 is a surface on the end side in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
- the upper part of the casing 12 is one end in the longitudinal direction of the rectangular casing 12, and the lower part of the casing 12 is the other end in the longitudinal direction.
- the upper surface 12a is an end surface on the index finger side
- the lower surface 12b is an end surface on the little finger side.
- the side surface 12d is an end surface that is touched by a thumb when the housing 12 is held by one hand H, or an end surface that is touched by a finger other than the thumb.
- the case of holding the casing 12 with one hand H means that the casing 12 is held with one hand H without changing the relative positional relationship between the orientation of the casing 12 and the hand H. That is, it is to hold with one hand H without changing the orientation of the housing 12 with the housing 12 placed on the table.
- a first housing antenna 24 is provided on the upper surface 12 a of the housing 12.
- a second housing antenna 26 is provided on the lower surface 12 b of the housing 12.
- the film antenna is provided on the display unit 16 and in the region of the opening 13 a of the housing 12. Specifically, the film antenna is provided on the touch sensor unit 14 on the display unit 16 at a position facing the opening 13a.
- the mobile communication terminal 10 has a configuration other than the above configuration.
- the mobile communication terminal 10 includes a touch sensor unit 14, a display unit 16, a communication unit 18, and a control unit 20.
- the touch sensor unit 14 will be described in detail later, when the sensor unit 15 (see FIG. 3) is touched with a finger or the like, if the touched position is a capacitance type, a change in capacitance occurs. A change in electrostatic capacitance is detected by the control unit 20, and the coordinates of the touched position are specified.
- the control unit 20 includes a known control circuit (not shown) used for position detection of a general touch sensor.
- the touch sensor unit 14 is a capacitance type, a capacitance type control circuit is appropriately used, and if the touch sensor unit 14 is a resistance film type, a resistance film type control circuit is appropriately used.
- the touch sensor unit 14 is used together with a display unit 16 such as a liquid crystal display device, and is provided on the display unit 16. For this reason, in order for the touch sensor unit 14 to recognize the image displayed on the display unit 16, the region corresponding to the display image on the display unit 16 is transparent.
- the touch sensor unit 14 may be provided with a functional layer such as an antireflection layer.
- the touch sensor unit 14 is provided on the display unit 16 via, for example, a transparent layer 17.
- the configuration of the transparent layer 17 is not particularly limited as long as the transparent layer 17 is optically transparent and electrically insulative, and can stably fix the touch sensor unit 14.
- an optically transparent resin OCR, Optical Clear Resin
- OCA optically transparent adhesive
- UV Ultra Violet
- the display unit 16 is not particularly limited as long as a predetermined image including a moving image or the like can be displayed on the screen.
- a liquid crystal display device an organic EL (Organic Electron Luminescence) display device, an electronic paper, etc. Can be used.
- the communication unit 18 transmits various data such as voice data, character data, and image data to the outside, and receives the above-described various data from the outside.
- the communication unit 18 can transmit the above-mentioned various information transmission signals via the antenna and receive the reception signals, and can exchange information with the outside such as an external device, that is, communicate with the outside. It becomes. If the communication part 18 can transmit / receive the above-mentioned various data, the structure will not be specifically limited, The thing utilized for a portable communication terminal can be utilized suitably.
- the mobile communication terminal 10 includes a microphone, a speaker, and the like for sending and receiving audio data.
- the communication unit 18 has a known configuration that is used as a standard in smartphones and the like, a memory that stores the various types of data described above, and the various types of data described above as high-frequency signals such as RF (Radio-Frequency) signals.
- a circuit for converting to a transmission signal, a circuit for converting a received signal into a usable data format, a voice processing unit for calling, a calculation unit for performing various calculations, and the like are provided.
- the proximity sensor 22 detects whether or not an object has approached the housing 12 in a non-contact manner, and outputs a detection signal to the control unit 20 when detected.
- the proximity sensor 22 is provided in the frame portion 13 on the upper surface 12a side of the housing 12, for example. Although it is applied to the ear during a call, it can be detected that the proximity sensor 22 is provided on the frame portion 13 on the upper surface 12 a side of the housing 12.
- a known sensor can be used as appropriate.
- an infrared sensor using infrared rays can be used.
- An infrared sensor detects the presence of an object in a non-contact manner by emitting infrared rays and receiving reflected light reflected by the infrared rays.
- the infrared sensor outputs a detection signal to the control unit 20 when receiving reflected light reflected by infrared rays. For example, when the control unit 20 receives the detection signal, it is determined that the person is using the mobile communication terminal 10.
- an illuminance sensor that detects illuminance such as light intensity, light brightness, or light luminance can also be used. By setting the illuminance threshold value in advance, if the illuminance obtained by the illuminance sensor is equal to or less than the threshold value, the control unit 20 can determine that the mobile communication terminal 10 is being used by a person.
- first housing antenna 24 and the second housing antenna 26 can be used as the first housing antenna 24 and the second housing antenna 26.
- casing antenna 26 arbitrary antennas including a linear antenna, a patch antenna, etc. and its deformation
- dipole antennas and monopole antennas can be used.
- the first housing antenna 24 and the second housing antenna 26 are determined in size, such as length, depending on the frequency used. For example, in the communication standard 5G (Generation) with a frequency of 24.25 to 86 GHz, the maximum length is 2 cm or less.
- the film antenna for example, two antennas of a first array antenna 30 and a second array antenna 32 are provided.
- the first array antenna 30 is provided in the vicinity of the upper surface 12a of the housing 12 facing the surface 14a of the touch sensor unit 14 and the opening 13a.
- the second array antenna 32 is provided in the vicinity of one side surface 12d facing the surface 14a of the touch sensor unit 14 and the opening 13a.
- the front surface 14 a side of the touch sensor unit 14 is the viewing side of the mobile communication terminal 10.
- the film antenna is not limited to the above-described array antenna, and various antennas can be used depending on the application and the frequency to be used. From the viewpoint of directivity, an array antenna and a phased array antenna can be used.
- the control unit 20 controls operations of the touch sensor unit 14, the display unit 16, and the communication unit 18.
- the detection signal of the proximity sensor 22 is received, that is, when a person is using the mobile communication terminal 10, for example, the control unit 20 has a finger or the like on the sensor unit 15 (see FIG. 3) of the touch sensor unit 14. Even if touched, the touch is not detected. That is, the touch sensitivity of the touch sensor unit 14 is turned off.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration on the viewing side of the mobile communication terminal according to the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration on the back side of the mobile communication terminal according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- a first array antenna 30 and a second array antenna 32 are provided in the touch sensor unit 14.
- the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 have the same arrangement as the antenna although the arrangement position and the arrangement direction are different.
- the first array antenna 30 is an antenna that includes a plurality of antenna elements 30a and that feeds power under a constant excitation condition.
- the first array antenna 30 has a dot pattern in which the antenna elements 30a are regularly arranged on a straight line.
- the pattern on the viewing side that is, the pattern on the surface side of the housing 12 is a dot pattern.
- the second array antenna 32 is an antenna that includes a plurality of antenna elements 32a and that feeds power under a constant excitation condition.
- the second array antenna 32 has a dot pattern in which the antenna elements 32a are regularly arranged on a straight line.
- the pattern on the viewing side that is, the pattern on the surface side of the housing 12 is a dot pattern.
- the length L of the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 is determined by the frequency used.
- the length L is 2 cm or less.
- the length L is the length from end to end where the plurality of antenna elements 30 a are arranged in the first array antenna 30, and the plurality of antenna elements 32 a are arranged in the second array antenna 32. The length from end to end.
- a plurality of antennas including the first housing antenna 24 and the second housing antenna 26 are used, and the first array antenna is used.
- Communication can be speeded up by transmitting different data from 30 and the second array antenna 32 and simultaneously receiving data by a plurality of antennas. For example, when two different signals are sent using the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32, twice the speed can be realized.
- MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output
- the first array antenna 30 has each antenna element 30a electrically connected to the phase shifter 34 via the wiring 31 provided on the back surface 14b of the touch sensor unit 14. Yes.
- the phase shifter 34 is electrically connected to the distribution / synthesis circuit 36.
- the back surface 14 b side of the touch sensor unit 14 is the back side of the mobile communication terminal 10.
- the phase shifter 34 is individually connected to each antenna element 30a and shifts the phase of the high-frequency transmission signal output from the corresponding antenna element 30a.
- the amount of phase shift is controlled by the control unit 20, for example. Shifting the phase of the transmission signal corresponds to changing the directivity of the first array antenna 30 composed of the plurality of antenna elements 30a.
- the control unit 20 By controlling the phase shift amount by the control unit 20, it is possible to radiate radio waves from the antenna in a specific direction. That is, the beam forming can be realized by controlling the directivity of the radio wave to be transmitted.
- shifting the phase of a high-frequency transmission signal output from each antenna element 30a is equivalent to receiving radio waves from a range in a specific direction.
- the reception signal received by the antenna element 30a and phase-shifted by the phase shifter 34 is output to the distribution / combination circuit 36 and synthesized.
- the phase shifter 34 phase-shifts the phase of the high-frequency transmission signal output from each antenna element 32 a of the second array antenna 32.
- the amount of phase shift is controlled by the control unit 20, for example.
- the received signal received by the antenna element 32a and phase-shifted by the phase shifter 34 is output to the distribution / combination circuit 36 and synthesized.
- each antenna element 32a is electrically connected to a phase shifter 34 via a wiring 33.
- the phase shifter 34 is electrically connected to the distribution / synthesis circuit 36.
- the wiring 33 of the second array antenna 32 is also provided on the back surface 14b of the touch sensor unit 14 in the same manner as the wiring 31 shown in FIG.
- Each distribution / combination circuit 36 is electrically connected to the antenna switching unit 40. Further, the antenna switching unit 40 is electrically connected to the control unit 20.
- the distribution / combination circuit 36 distributes the high-frequency transmission signal transmitted from the radiation pattern switching unit 42 to each antenna element 30 a of the first array antenna 30 and each antenna element 32 a of the second array antenna 32. Supply power.
- the distribution / combination circuit 36 synthesizes the reception signals received by the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 and adjusted in phase by the phase shifter 34, and sends them to the radiation pattern switching unit 42. is there.
- the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 are both powered by voltage. Voltage feeding is a feeding method in which the voltage is maximum and the current is minimum at the feeding point.
- the antenna switching unit 40 includes a radiation pattern switching unit 42.
- the antenna switching unit 40 switches between using the first housing antenna 24 and the second housing antenna 26 and the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32.
- the antenna to be used is selected, and the selected antenna is used. Switching of the antenna, that is, selection of the antenna to be used is performed by the control unit 20.
- the antenna selected by the control unit 20 is used for communication with the outside.
- the radiation pattern switching unit 42 adjusts the radiation pattern of transmission signals transmitted from the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32, and known ones can be used as appropriate.
- the radiation pattern switching unit 42 includes, for example, a plurality of ground conductor portions.
- the control unit 20 switches the connection between the feeding point of each antenna and each ground conductor, thereby changing the direction of current flow through the ground conductor. As a result, the radiation pattern of the transmission signal from the antenna is switched.
- the radiation pattern can be switched to the radiation beam B1 or the radiation beam B2.
- the second array antenna 32 can also switch the radiation pattern to the radiation beam B1 or the radiation beam B2.
- the frequency is several tens of GHz
- the linearity is very high, it is difficult to diffract, and the transmission signal cannot be transmitted to the base station without changing the radiation direction by making the radio wave including the transmission signal into a beam at the time of transmission.
- the directivity of the radio wave to be transmitted can be controlled. Therefore, even if the frequency is several tens of GHz, the radio wave including the transmission signal is changed into a beam shape at the time of transmission, and the radiation direction is changed.
- a transmission signal can be transmitted to the station.
- the radiation beam B1 and the radiation beam B2 described above are controlled in directivity, narrowed in spread, and limited in radio wave transmission direction.
- the first array antenna 30, the second array antenna 32, and the phase shifter 34 constitute a phased array antenna. With a phased array antenna, transmission and reception are possible even with radio waves with high linearity. Even if the phase shifter 34 is not provided, the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 can obtain a specific directivity pattern, but transmit a radio wave such as transmitting a radio wave in a specific direction. The direction of the direction cannot be changed.
- the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 are provided integrally with the sensor unit 15 in the touch sensor unit 14, but are not limited thereto, and are separate from the touch sensor unit 14.
- the structure which provides the 1st array antenna 30 and the 2nd array antenna 32 in the surface 14a or the back surface 14b of the touch sensor part 14 may be sufficient.
- the housing 12 is preferably made of metal as a main component. By making the housing 12 of metal, the design can be improved. When the housing 12 is made of metal, the metal has a property of absorbing radio waves, so that the reception sensitivity of the first housing antenna 24 and the second housing antenna 26 is lowered. On the other hand, when transmitting a transmission signal by radio waves, it is necessary to increase the radio wave output in consideration of absorption. On the other hand, since the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 which are film antennas are provided in the opening 13a, the above-described reception sensitivity does not decrease and the output of radio waves does not increase. Can transmit radio waves.
- a main component means that content is 85 mass% or more.
- casing 12 it is aluminum, for example.
- the aluminum content is 85% by mass or more.
- the housing 12 is made of metal, the metal includes not only a single metal but also an alloy made of a plurality of metal elements.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing a first example of the touch sensor unit of the mobile communication terminal according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a first plan view of the touch sensor unit of the mobile communication terminal according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is typical sectional drawing which shows an example.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second example of the touch sensor unit of the mobile communication terminal according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 shows a third example of the touch sensor unit of the mobile communication terminal according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example, and FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a fourth example of the touch sensor unit of the mobile communication terminal according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the touch sensor unit 14 includes, for example, a transparent substrate, a detection electrode provided on at least one surface of the transparent substrate, and a periphery provided on at least one surface of the transparent substrate and electrically connected to the detection electrode. It has a wiring part. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the touch sensor unit 14 extends along the first direction D1 on the surface 50a of the transparent substrate 50, and extends in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction D1. A plurality of first detection electrodes 52 arranged in parallel with D2 are formed, and a plurality of first peripheral wirings 53 electrically connected to the plurality of first detection electrodes 52 are arranged close to each other. . The plurality of first peripheral wirings 53 are grouped into one terminal 56 on one side 50 c of the transparent substrate 50. The plurality of first peripheral wirings 53 are collectively referred to as a first peripheral wiring unit 60.
- a plurality of second detection electrodes 54 that extend along the second direction D2 and are arranged in parallel in the first direction D1 are formed.
- a plurality of second peripheral wirings 55 electrically connected to the second detection electrode 54 are arranged close to each other.
- the plurality of second peripheral wirings 55 are grouped into one terminal 56 on one side 50 c of the transparent substrate 50.
- the plurality of second peripheral wirings 55 are collectively referred to as a second peripheral wiring part 62.
- the second detection electrode 54 is disposed in a layered manner so as to be at least partially overlapped and spaced apart from the first detection electrode 52. More specifically, when viewed from a direction Dn (see FIG.
- the second detection electrode 54 is at least partially with respect to the first detection electrode 52.
- the stacking direction in which the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 are overlapped is the same direction as the above-described perpendicular direction Dn (see FIG. 7).
- the plurality of first detection electrodes 52 and the plurality of second detection electrodes 54 constitute the sensor unit 15.
- the transparent substrate 50 contracts by providing the first detection electrode 52 on the front surface 50a of one transparent substrate 50 and providing the second detection electrode 54 on the back surface 50b.
- the positional relationship between the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 can be reduced.
- the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 is composed of a fine metal wire 58 and has a mesh pattern having an opening.
- the mesh pattern of the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 will be described in detail later.
- the first peripheral wiring 53 and the second peripheral wiring 55 may be formed of a thin metal wire 58, or may be configured of a conductive wiring having a line width, a thickness, or the like different from that of the thin metal wire 58.
- the first peripheral wiring 53 and the second peripheral wiring 55 may be formed of, for example, a strip-shaped conductor. Each component of the touch sensor unit 14 will be described in detail later.
- the touch sensor unit 14 is not limited to the capacitive touch sensor as long as it has a mesh pattern composed of the thin metal wires 58 as described above, and may be a resistive touch sensor. Even in the resistive touch sensor, the plurality of first detection electrodes 52 and the plurality of second detection electrodes 54 constitute the sensor unit 15.
- the sensor unit 15 in the transparent substrate 50, a region where the plurality of first detection electrodes 52 and the plurality of second detection electrodes 54 are arranged to overlap each other in plan view is the sensor unit 15. It comprises a first detection electrode 52 and a plurality of second detection electrodes 54. In the sensor unit 15 and the capacitive touch sensor, it is a region where a finger or the like, that is, a touch can be detected.
- the touch sensor unit 14 is arranged on the display unit 16 so that the sensor unit 15 is superimposed on a display area (not shown) of the display unit 16 (see FIG. 2). For this reason, the sensor part 15 is also a visible region. If an image is displayed on the display area, the sensor unit 15 becomes an image display area.
- a decoration portion (not shown) having a light shielding function is provided in a region where the first peripheral wiring portion 60 and the second peripheral wiring portion 62 are formed.
- the decoration portion By providing the decoration portion, the first peripheral wiring portion 60 and the second peripheral wiring portion 62 are made invisible.
- the 1st periphery wiring part 60 and the 2nd periphery wiring part 62 can be made invisible, the structure will not be specifically limited, A well-known decoration layer can be used. .
- Various printing methods such as a screen printing method, a gravure printing method and an offset printing method, a transfer method, and a vapor deposition method can be used for forming the decoration portion.
- the term “invisible” means that the first peripheral wiring part 60 and the second peripheral wiring part 62 cannot be visually recognized. When 10 observers see, it means that no one can visually recognize.
- the touch sensor unit 14 is not particularly limited to the one shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- one detection electrode is provided on one transparent substrate 50, 51 like the touch sensor unit 14 shown in FIG. 8.
- the structure provided may be sufficient.
- the touch sensor unit 14 includes a first detection electrode 52 provided on the front surface 50a of one transparent substrate 50, and a second detection electrode 54 provided on the front surface 51a via the adhesive layer 59 on the back surface 50b of the transparent substrate 50.
- the transparent substrate 51 may be stacked.
- the transparent substrate 51 has the same configuration as the transparent substrate 50.
- the adhesive layer 59 can be the same as the above-described transparent layer 17.
- the stacking direction in which the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 are overlapped is the same direction as the vertical direction Dn.
- the two detection electrodes of the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 are provided.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the first detection electrode 52 may be provided on the surface 50 a of one transparent substrate 50.
- the touch sensor unit 14 may include a dummy electrode that is electrically insulated from the detection electrode.
- a configuration may be adopted in which a dummy electrode 64 electrically insulated from the first detection electrode 52 is provided between the plurality of first detection electrodes 52 in the second direction D2.
- the first detection electrode 52 and the dummy electrode 64 are arranged with a gap 65 therebetween.
- the dummy electrode 64 is electrically insulated from the first detection electrode 52 by the gap 65 and does not function as a detection electrode.
- the dummy electrode 64 has the same mesh pattern as the first detection electrode 52 except that the dummy electrode 64 is electrically insulated from the first detection electrode 52 by the gap 65.
- the dummy electrode 64 is not removed entirely from the mesh pattern between the first detection electrodes 52, and only the region of the mesh pattern that becomes the gap 65 is used. It can be formed by removing.
- the first detection electrode 52 is described as an example, but the second detection electrode 54 is also provided with the above-described dummy electrode 64 in the same manner as the first detection electrode 52.
- the first array antenna 30 is provided in a region corresponding to the opening 13a on the surface 50a of the transparent substrate 50.
- the second array antenna 32 is provided in a region corresponding to the opening 13 a on the surface 50 a of the transparent substrate 50 as in the first array antenna 30.
- the antenna element 30a and the antenna element 32a are small and difficult to be visually recognized, and the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 are both low in visibility. For this reason, even if the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 are provided in the opening 13a, the visual recognition is suppressed.
- the antenna can be provided without affecting the visibility, the antenna can be provided in a place that is not affected by the radio wave absorption by the metal casing 12 and is not easily shielded by the human body. .
- the antenna element 30a and the antenna element 32a preferably have a line width w of 0.5 to 5.0 ⁇ m, the upper limit value is more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and the upper limit value is further preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less. If the line width w is 0.5 to 5.0 ⁇ m, the visibility of the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 can be reduced. When the line width w exceeds 5.0 ⁇ m, the antenna element 30a of the first array antenna 30 and the antenna element 32a of the second array antenna 32 are easily visible.
- the line width w is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, the surface resistances of the antenna element 30a and the antenna element 32a are increased, and heat is generated when radio waves are transmitted and received, so that the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 characteristics deteriorate.
- the upper limit value it is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less, so that both the visibility of the antenna element 30a and the antenna element 32a and the reduction of the surface resistance can be satisfied.
- the line width w of the antenna element 30a and the antenna element 32a can be measured using, for example, an optical microscope, a laser microscope, a digital microscope, or the like.
- the film thickness of the antenna element 30a and the antenna element 32a is preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.3 to 5 ⁇ m, and most preferably 0.5 to 4 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of visibility from an oblique direction.
- the blackening process a generally known blackening process can be used.
- the tellurium-containing hydrochloric acid treatment described in JP-A-2015-82178 can also be used.
- the mobile communication terminal 10 can always use an antenna suitable for communication with the outside by providing a housing antenna and a film antenna as antennas and using each antenna properly. For this reason, even if there is an antenna that shields radio waves due to contact with a human body or the like, radio waves can be transmitted and received, and communication with the outside can be maintained. Thereby, stable communication with the outside becomes possible. In particular, even when the housing 12 is made of a metal or the like that has a large effect of absorbing radio waves, communication with the outside can be maintained, and stable communication with the outside becomes possible.
- the antenna switching unit 40 via the control unit 20 causes the first housing to Transmission / reception with the antenna 24 is stopped. That is, the use of the first housing antenna 24 is stopped. Then, the antenna switching unit 40 enables at least one of the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 to be used. That is, it is in a state where transmission and reception are possible. Even in this case, communication with the outside can be maintained, and stable communication with the outside becomes possible.
- the antenna may be switched depending on the orientation of the mobile communication terminal 10.
- the posture of the mobile communication terminal 10 can be known by sensors such as an acceleration sensor and a tilt sensor. For this reason, when the mobile communication terminal 10 has the upper surface 12a up, the control unit 20 determines that the side surface 12d is held, and the antenna switching unit 40 causes the first housing antenna 24 and the second Switching is made so that at least one of the housing antenna 26 and the first array antenna 30 is used. Further, when one side surface 12d is facing up, the control unit 20 determines that the portable communication terminal 10 is held sideways, and the antenna switching unit 40 causes the first casing antenna 24 and the second housing antenna 24 to be held.
- the housing antenna 26 switching is performed so that at least one of the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 is used. Since the first array antenna 30 is provided on the upper surface 12a side, the second array antenna 32 is preferably used. Based on the antenna arrangement, an antenna suitable for each posture of the mobile communication terminal 10 may be set in advance and stored in the control unit 20. Thereby, the control unit 20 can easily determine the antenna to be used according to the attitude of the mobile communication terminal 10. Even in this case, communication with the outside can be maintained, and stable communication with the outside becomes possible.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a mobile communication terminal according to the second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing antenna switching.
- the mobile communication terminal 10a shown in FIG. 12 the same components as those in the mobile communication terminal 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the mobile communication terminal 10a shown in FIG. 12 has a function of measuring the impedance of the first housing antenna 24 in that the proximity sensor 22 is not provided. The difference is that the control unit 20 uses the impedance of the first housing antenna 24 to determine whether the human body is within the specified range.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the portable communication shown in FIGS. The same as the terminal 10.
- the first housing antenna 24 constitutes a proximity sensor.
- the antenna is switched based on the detection signal of the proximity sensor 22, but in the mobile communication terminal 10 a, the antenna is switched as shown in FIG. 13 using the impedance of the first housing antenna 24.
- the measurement of the impedance of the first housing antenna 24 is not particularly limited as long as the impedance can be measured, and a known one can be used as appropriate.
- a directional coupler is used for the impedance measurement.
- Directional couplers are known to be used to obtain real-time impedance information, such as antenna impedance measurements.
- the measured impedance value is output to the control unit 20, and the control unit 20 determines whether the human body is within the specified range.
- the control unit 20 measures the impedance of the first housing antenna 24 (step S10).
- the measured value of the impedance of the first housing antenna 24 is output to the control unit 20, and the measured value of the impedance is used by the control unit 20 to determine whether a human body exists within the specified range (step S12).
- the relationship between the measured value of the impedance of the first housing antenna 24 and the distance to the human body is obtained in advance, and stored in the control unit 20, for example.
- step S ⁇ b> 12 the control unit 20 determines whether a human body exists within the specified range based on the measured value of the impedance of the first housing antenna 24.
- step S12 If it is determined in step S12 that a human body exists within the specified range, transmission / reception with the first housing antenna 24 is stopped by the antenna switching unit 40 via the control unit 20. That is, the use of the first housing antenna 24 is stopped. Then, at least one of the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 can be used by the antenna switching unit 40, and at least one of the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 can be used. Two antennas are used (step S14) to perform transmission / reception.
- step S16 if it is determined in step S12 that no human body exists within the specified range, the first housing antenna 24 is continuously used (step S16). For example, a time interval for measuring the impedance of the first housing antenna 24 is set in advance, and the above-described steps S10 and S12 are repeated to always use an antenna suitable for transmission / reception. Even in this case, communication with the outside can be maintained, and stable communication with the outside becomes possible.
- a function called a hover of the touch sensor unit 14 can also be used as a proximity sensor.
- the touch sensor unit 14 when the range on the upper surface 12a side of the housing 12 is set in advance and the face is brought close to the housing 12 during a call or the like, the face is detected by the touch sensor unit 14.
- the control unit 20 can determine that the human body exists within the specified range.
- the antenna may be switched using the reception sensitivity of the antenna. In this case, reception sensitivity is measured for the first housing antenna 24 or the second housing antenna 26.
- the reception sensitivity can be specified by measuring the intensity of received radio waves.
- the control unit 20 passes the antenna switching unit 40 through the antenna switching unit 40.
- the one array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 at least one antenna may be used.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and other configurations may be used.
- antennas having various configurations according to specifications and the like can be used.
- a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, and a loop antenna can be used.
- the power feeding method is preferably voltage power feeding.
- the voltage is fed from the end.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first example of an antenna
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second example of the antenna.
- the antenna 70 shown in FIG. 14 has a pattern 76 including a plurality of openings 74, which is composed of thin metal wires 72.
- the thin metal wire 72 has the same structure and the same composition as described above except that the wire width tw is different from that of the thin metal wire 58, and the detailed description thereof is as follows. Omitted.
- Antenna 70 is, for example, a monopole antenna, a length L, a rectangular width t A.
- the plurality of openings 74 are all rectangular and have the same shape and size.
- the length L of the antenna 70 is determined by the frequency used as described above. In the antenna 70, for example, in the communication standard 5G (Generation) with a frequency of 24.25 to 86 GHz, the length L is 2 cm or less. Note that the length L is the maximum length of the antenna 70.
- the line width tw of the thin metal wire 72 is 0.5 to 5.0 ⁇ m, the upper limit is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and the upper limit is more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less. If the line width tw is 0.5 to 5.0 ⁇ m, the visibility of the antenna 70 can be reduced, and the line appearance of the antenna 70 can be suppressed. When the line width tw exceeds 5.0 ⁇ m, the metal thin wire 72 of the antenna 70 is easily seen. On the other hand, when the line width tw is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, the surface resistance of the antenna 70 is increased, heat is generated when radio waves are transmitted and received, and the characteristics of the antenna 70 are deteriorated.
- the upper limit value it is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less, so that both the visibility of the fine metal wires 72 and the reduction of the surface resistance can be satisfied.
- the line width tw of the thin metal wire 72 can be measured using, for example, an optical microscope, a laser microscope, a digital microscope, or the like.
- the film thickness of the fine metal wire 72 is preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.3 to 5 ⁇ m, and most preferably 0.5 to 4 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of visibility from an oblique direction.
- the blackening process a generally known blackening process can be used.
- the tellurium-containing hydrochloric acid treatment described in JP-A-2015-82178 can also be used.
- the antenna 70 has an aperture ratio of 70% or more. If the aperture ratio is 70% or more, the visibility of the antenna 70 can be reduced, and the line appearance of the fine metal wires 72 of the antenna 70 can be suppressed. On the other hand, if the aperture ratio is less than 70%, the fine metal wires 72 of the antenna 70 can be easily seen.
- the aperture ratio of the antenna 70 is defined by the unoccupied area ratio of the conductive thin wire in the range of the length L ⁇ width t A of the antenna 70.
- the aperture ratio is obtained by photographing the pattern 76 with an image sensor to obtain a photographed image of the pattern 76, and then binarizing the photographed image to extract the metal thin line 72. Then, the aperture ratio can be obtained by obtaining the ratio of the metal thin wire 72 to the area of the length L of the antenna 70 ⁇ the line width tw.
- the antenna 70 has a surface resistance of 9 ⁇ / sq.
- the following is preferable. Since the surface resistance is preferably low because of the characteristics required for the antenna 70, the surface resistance of the metal thin wire 72 is 9 ⁇ / sq. It is as follows. The lower limit of the surface resistance of the antenna 70 is 0.001 ⁇ / sq. Is preferred. The surface resistance of the antenna 70 is preferably 0.01 to 5 ⁇ / sq. It is. The antenna 70 has a surface resistance of 9 ⁇ / sq. Exceeding the value causes heat generation during transmission / reception of radio waves, and the characteristics of the antenna 70 deteriorate. The surface resistance is 9 ⁇ / sq. In the case where the substrate is made of resin due to heat generated during transmission / reception of radio waves, the substrate may be deformed.
- the thin metal wire 72 is preferably made of copper, for example.
- copper containing not only a copper simple substance but also a binder may be used.
- the surface resistance is obtained by cutting out the antenna 70 to be measured with a width of 10 mm, attaching conductive copper tape to both ends of the antenna 70 so that the length of the antenna 70 is 10 mm, and using the 34405A multimeter made by Agilent. It is the measured resistance value.
- the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 described above also have a surface resistance of 9 ⁇ / sq. The following is preferable.
- the shape of the opening of the antenna 70 is not particularly limited to the pattern 76 shown in FIG. 14 as long as the above-described line width tw, opening ratio, and surface resistance are satisfied.
- a pattern 76a having a rhombic opening 74a may be used.
- the opening may be a triangle, a square, a parallelogram, a pentagon, a hexagon, a random polygon, or the like in addition to a rectangle and a rhombus, and a part of the sides constituting the polygon may be a curve.
- the pattern 76 shown in FIG. 14 is preferable.
- each antenna may be the same type of antenna or a different type of antenna, and is not particularly limited.
- the aperture ratio of each antenna may be the same, or the aperture ratios may be different from each other.
- the aperture ratio of each antenna may be the same as or different from the aperture ratio of the touch sensor unit 14.
- the aperture ratio of the touch sensor unit 14 and each antenna may have different aperture ratios, and the area having different aperture ratios may be three or more.
- the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 are preferably separated from the end of the touch sensor from the viewpoint of reception sensitivity.
- the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 are preferably provided inside the touch sensor unit 14.
- the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 are preferably separated from the touch sensor end by 0.5 cm or more, more preferably 1 cm or more, and most preferably 2 cm or more.
- the term “separated” refers to a linear distance in which the distance between the end portion of the touch sensor and the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 is the closest.
- the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 may be provided so as to overlap the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 of the sensor unit 15 at the upper end or the side end of the touch sensor unit 14.
- the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 are on the same plane as the first detection electrode 52 or the second detection electrode 54, and the first detection electrode 52, the first peripheral wiring 53, or the second detection electrode 54, The second peripheral wiring 55 is provided in a region where it is not formed.
- the line width w of the thin metal wire 58 is not particularly limited, but when applied as the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54, it is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the upper limit is more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and the upper limit is more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less. If the line width w of the thin metal wire 58 is in the above-described range, the low-resistance first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 can be formed relatively easily.
- the line width w of the fine metal wire 58 is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 50 ⁇ m or less. If the line width w is in the above range, a low resistance peripheral wiring can be formed relatively easily.
- the thin metal wire 58 When the thin metal wire 58 is applied as the peripheral wiring, it can be a mesh pattern as in the case of the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54.
- the line width w is not particularly limited. It is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 2 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 1.3 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more. If the line width w is in the above range, a low resistance peripheral wiring can be formed relatively easily.
- the peripheral wiring in a mesh pattern, when the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 are formed, in the step of irradiating the pulsed light from the xenon flash lamp, the detection electrode and the peripheral wiring are irradiated. In addition to improving the uniformity of resistance reduction, when the adhesive layer is bonded, the peel strength of the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 and the peripheral wiring can be made constant, and the in-plane distribution Is preferable in that it can be
- the thickness t of the fine metal wire 58 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and 0.01 to 9 ⁇ m. Particularly preferred is 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m. When the thickness t is in the above range, a detection electrode having low resistance and excellent durability can be formed relatively easily.
- the line width w of the fine metal wire 58 and the thickness t of the fine metal wire 58 are obtained by obtaining a cross-sectional image of the touch sensor unit 14 including the fine metal wire 58, taking the cross-sectional image on a personal computer, displaying the cross-sectional image on a monitor, and on the monitor.
- a horizontal line is drawn at two locations that define the line width w of the thin metal wire 58, and the length between the horizontal lines is obtained. Thereby, the line width w of the thin metal wire 58 can be obtained. Further, a horizontal line is drawn at two locations that define the thickness t of the fine metal wire 58, and the length between the horizontal lines is obtained. Thereby, the thickness t of the thin metal wire 58 can be obtained.
- the type of the transparent substrate 50 is not particularly limited as long as it can support the first detection electrode 52, the first peripheral wiring 53, the second detection electrode 54, and the second peripheral wiring 55.
- a plastic film is particularly preferable.
- Specific examples of the material constituting the transparent substrate 50 include PET (polyethylene terephthalate) (258 ° C.), polycycloolefin (134 ° C.), polycarbonate (250 ° C.), acrylic resin (128 ° C.), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate).
- the total light transmittance of the transparent substrate 50 is preferably 85% to 100%.
- the total light transmittance is measured using, for example, “Plastic—How to obtain total light transmittance and total light reflectance” defined in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) K 7375: 2008.
- the transparent substrate 50 includes a treated substrate that has been subjected to at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, corona discharge treatment, and ultraviolet irradiation treatment.
- a hydrophilic group such as an OH group is introduced into the surface of the processed transparent substrate 50, and the first detection electrode 52, the first peripheral wiring 53, and the second detection electrode are introduced.
- the adhesion between the second peripheral wiring 55 and the transparent substrate 50 is further improved.
- the adhesion between the first detection electrode 52, the first peripheral wiring 53, the second detection electrode 54, the second peripheral wiring 55, and the transparent substrate 50 is further improved. Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment is preferred.
- an undercoat containing a polymer is provided on the surface on which the first detection electrode 52, the first peripheral wiring 53, the second detection electrode 54, and the second peripheral wiring 55 are provided. It is preferable to have a layer.
- a photosensitive layer for forming the first detection electrode 52, the first peripheral wiring 53, the second detection electrode 54, and the second peripheral wiring 55 is formed on the undercoat layer. The adhesion between the first detection electrode 52, the first peripheral wiring 53, the second detection electrode 54, the second peripheral wiring 55, and the transparent substrate 50 is further improved.
- a method for forming the undercoat layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method in which a composition for forming an undercoat layer containing a polymer is applied on a substrate and heat-treated as necessary.
- the undercoat layer forming composition may contain a solvent, if necessary. Although the kind of solvent is not specifically limited, The solvent used with the composition for photosensitive layer formation mentioned later is illustrated. Moreover, latex containing polymer fine particles may be used as the composition for forming an undercoat layer containing polymer.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer is not particularly limited, but the first detection electrode 52, the first peripheral wiring 53, the second detection electrode 54, the second peripheral wiring 55 and the transparent substrate 50 are in close contact with each other. In terms of more excellent properties, 0.02 to 0.3 ⁇ m is preferable, and 0.03 to 0.2 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- the touch sensor unit 14 may include, for example, antihalation other than the above-described undercoat layer as another layer between the transparent substrate 50, the first detection electrode 52, and the second detection electrode 54. A layer may be provided.
- the thin metal wire 58 has electrical conductivity and is made of, for example, a metal or an alloy.
- the metal thin wire 58 can be composed of, for example, a copper wire or a silver wire.
- the fine metal wire 58 preferably contains metallic silver, but may contain a metal other than metallic silver, such as gold or copper.
- the fine metal wires 58 preferably contain a polymer binder such as metal silver and gelatin, which is suitable for forming a mesh pattern.
- the thin metal wires 58 are not limited to those composed of the above-described metals or alloys. For example, metal oxide particles, metal pastes such as silver paste and copper paste, silver nanowires and copper nanowires, and the like. It may contain metal nanowire particles. Further, when the metal thin wire 58 is made of the same material as the antenna, it is preferably made of copper.
- the thin metal wire 58 may be composed of a plurality of metal layers. Further, the fine metal wire 58 may be blackened, and further, a visual suppression layer made of CuO or the like may be provided on the fine metal wire 58, for example.
- the mesh pattern of the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 is not particularly limited. It is preferably a square shape such as a trapezoid, a polygon such as a hexagon, an octagon, a circle, an ellipse, a star, or the like, or a geometric figure combining these.
- the mesh pattern is a combination of a large number of cells configured in a lattice shape with fine metal wires. Specifically, a pattern in which a plurality of square grids formed by intersecting metal fine wires 58 formed on the same surface of a transparent substrate is combined is intended.
- the mesh pattern may be a combination of similar and congruent grids, or may be a combination of differently shaped grids.
- the length of one side of the lattice is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 500 ⁇ m because it is difficult to be visually recognized, and more preferably 150 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the length of the side of the unit cell is in the above-mentioned range, it is possible to keep the transparency even better, and when it is attached to the front surface of the display device, it is possible to visually recognize the display.
- the mesh pattern of the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 may be configured by combining curves.
- a circular or oval lattice cell may be formed by combining arcs. .
- As the arc for example, a 90 ° arc or a 180 ° arc can be used.
- the mesh pattern of the first detection electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54 may be a random pattern.
- the random pattern is, for example, a pattern in which polygons of different types and sizes are randomly combined.
- a random pattern is a pattern in which at least one of the arrangement pitch, the angle, the length, and the shape is not constant with respect to a polygon that forms the pattern.
- the polygon may be substantially a polygon, and part or all of the sides may form a curve.
- the random pattern is a pattern in which the opening is a parallelogram in which the angle is preserved and the irregularity is given to the pitch with respect to the regular rhombus shape.
- the random pattern may be a pattern in which the opening has a rhombus, and the rhombus-shaped angle is given irregularity with respect to the angle.
- the irregularity distribution may be a normal distribution or a uniform distribution.
- the method for forming the fine metal wire 58 is not particularly limited as long as it can be formed on the transparent substrate 50 and the transparent substrate 51.
- a method for forming the fine metal wire 58 for example, a plating method, a silver salt method, a vapor deposition method, a printing method, and the like can be used as appropriate.
- a method for forming the fine metal wire 58 by plating will be described.
- the thin metal wire 58 can be formed of a metal plating film formed on the underlayer by electroless plating on the electroless plating underlayer.
- the catalyst ink containing at least metal fine particles is formed in a pattern on the substrate, and then the substrate is immersed in an electroless plating bath to form a metal plating film.
- the method for producing a metal-coated substrate described in JP 2014-159620 A can be used.
- a catalyst or a catalyst precursor is applied, and the substrate is immersed in an electroless plating bath. It is formed by forming a metal plating film. More specifically, the method for producing a metal film substrate described in JP 2012-144661 A can be applied.
- the plating method may be only electroless plating or electrolytic plating after electroless plating.
- An additive method can be used for the plating method.
- the additive method is a method of forming a fine metal wire by performing a plating process or the like only on a portion on the transparent substrate where the fine metal wire is to be formed. From the viewpoint of productivity, the additive method is preferable.
- a subtractive method can be used to form the thin metal wire 58.
- the subtractive method is a method of forming a thin metal wire by forming a conductive layer on a transparent substrate and removing unnecessary portions by, for example, an etching process such as a chemical etching process.
- a method for forming the fine metal wire 58 by the silver salt method will be described.
- the silver salt emulsion layer containing silver halide is subjected to an exposure process using an exposure pattern that becomes the metal fine line 58, and then developed, whereby the metal fine line 58 can be formed. More specifically, the method for producing a fine metal wire described in JP-A-2015-22597 can be used.
- a method for forming the fine metal wire 58 by vapor deposition will be described.
- a thin metal wire 58 can be formed by forming a copper foil layer by vapor deposition and forming a copper wiring from the copper foil layer by a photolithography method.
- an electrolytic copper foil can be used in addition to the deposited copper foil.
- the step of forming a copper wiring described in JP 2014-29614 A can be used.
- a method for forming the fine metal wire 58 by the printing method will be described.
- the thin metal wire 58 can be formed by applying a conductive paste containing a conductive powder to the substrate in the same pattern as the fine metal wire 58 and then performing a heat treatment.
- the pattern formation using the conductive paste is performed by, for example, an ink jet method or a screen printing method. More specifically, the conductive paste described in JP 2011-28985 A can be used as the conductive paste.
- the fine metal wire 58 As a method for forming the fine metal wire 58, there is a method of forming a fine metal wire by electroplating by the following semi-additive method, in addition to the above-described method.
- the semi-additive method will be described.
- the semi-additive method has the following steps.
- Step of forming a first metal film on a substrate (2) Step of forming a resist film having an opening in a region where a fine metal wire is formed on the first metal film (resist film forming step) (3) Step of forming a second metal film on the first metal film in the opening (second metal film forming step) (4) Step of removing resist film (resist film removing step) (5) Using the second metal film as a mask, a part of the first metal film described above is removed to form a conductive portion composed of a thin metal wire (conductive portion forming step)
- first metal film forming step (2) Step of forming a resist film having an opening in a region where a fine metal wire is formed on the first metal film (resist film forming step) (3) Step of forming a second metal film on the first metal film in the opening (second metal film forming step) (4) Step of removing resist film (resist film removing step) (5) Using the second metal film as a mask, a part of the first metal film described above is removed
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the first metal film forming step.
- the first metal film 80 is formed on the surface 50 a of the transparent substrate 50.
- the first metal film 80 functions as at least one of the seed layer and the base metal layer (base adhesion layer).
- FIG. 16 shows the case where the first metal film 80 is a single layer, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the first metal film 80 may be a stacked structure in which two or more layers are stacked.
- the lower layer on the transparent substrate 50 side preferably functions as a base metal layer (base adhesion layer), and the upper layer on the second metal film 84 side described later is a seed layer. It preferably functions as Since the material of the first metal film 80 is the same as the material mentioned for the metal thin wire 58, the description thereof is omitted.
- the thickness of the first metal film 80 is not particularly limited, but generally 30 to 300 nm is preferable, and 40 to 100 nm is more preferable.
- the manufacturing suitability in the conductive part forming step (especially an etching process) described later is improved, so that the fine metal wire 58 has better in-plane uniformity of the line width. Have.
- the formation method of the first metal film 80 is not particularly limited, and a known formation method can be used. Among these, the sputtering method or the vapor deposition method is preferable because a layer having a denser structure can be easily formed.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the resist film forming step.
- a resist film 82 is formed on the first metal film 80.
- the resist film 82 includes an opening 83 in a region where the fine metal wire 58 (see FIG. 20) is formed.
- the region of the opening 83 in the resist film 82 can be appropriately adjusted in accordance with the region where the fine metal wire is to be disposed.
- a resist film 82 having a mesh-like opening is formed.
- the opening 83 is formed in a thin line shape in accordance with the thin metal line.
- the line width of the opening 83 is preferably less than 2.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the line width of the opening 83 is intended to be the width of the thin line portion in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the thin line portion of the opening 83.
- the method for forming the resist film 82 on the first metal film 80 is not particularly limited, and a known resist film forming method can be used. For example, the method containing the following processes is mentioned.
- the composition for forming a resist film is formed at least at one timing among the steps (a) and (b), between the steps (b) and (c), and after the step (c). Of the steps of heating the layer and the resist film 82, at least one of the steps may be further performed.
- any known positive-type radiation-sensitive composition can be used.
- the method for applying the resist film forming composition on the first metal film 80 is not particularly limited, and a known application method can be used. Examples of the method for applying the resist film forming composition include spin coating, spraying, roller coating, and dipping.
- the resist film forming composition layer may be heated. By heating, an unnecessary solvent remaining in the resist film-forming composition layer can be removed, and the resist film-forming composition layer can be made uniform.
- the method for heating the composition layer for forming a resist film is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method for heating the transparent substrate 50.
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but generally 40 to 160 ° C. is preferable.
- the thickness of the resist film-forming composition layer is not particularly limited, but the thickness after drying is generally preferably 1.0 to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Process (b) It does not specifically limit as a method to expose the composition layer for resist film formation, A well-known exposure method can be used. Examples of the method of exposing the resist film forming composition layer include a method of irradiating the resist film forming composition layer with actinic rays or radiation through a photomask having a patterned opening. The amount of exposure is not particularly limited, but it is generally preferable to irradiate at 10 to 50 mW / cm 2 for 1 to 10 seconds.
- the line width of the pattern-shaped opening provided in the photomask used in the step (b) is generally preferably less than 2.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the resist film-forming composition layer after exposure may be heated.
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but generally 40 to 160 ° C. is preferable.
- ⁇ Process (c) It does not specifically limit as a method of developing the composition layer for resist film formation after exposure, A well-known developing method can be used. Examples of known development methods include a method using a developer containing an organic solvent or an alkali developer. Examples of the developing method include a dip method, a paddle method, a spray method, and a dynamic dispensing method.
- the developed resist film 82 may be washed using a rinse solution. It does not specifically limit as a rinse liquid, A well-known rinse liquid can be used. Examples of the rinse liquid include an organic solvent and water.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the second metal film forming step.
- the second metal film 84 is formed on the first metal film 80 in the opening 83 of the resist film 82.
- a second metal film 84 is formed so as to fill the opening 83 of the resist film 82.
- the second metal film 84 is preferably formed by a plating method.
- a plating method a known plating method can be used. Specific examples include an electrolytic plating method and an electroless plating method, and the electrolytic plating method is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the metal contained in the second metal film 84 is not particularly limited, and a known metal can be used.
- the second metal film 84 may contain, for example, metals such as copper, chromium, lead, nickel, gold, silver, tin, and zinc, and alloys of these metals.
- the 2nd metal film 84 contains copper or its alloy from the point which the electroconductivity of the metal fine wire 58 is more excellent.
- the main component of the 2nd metal film 84 is copper from the point which the electroconductivity of the metal fine wire 58 is more excellent.
- the content of the metal constituting the main component in the second metal film 84 is not particularly limited, but is generally preferably 50 to 100% by mass, more preferably 90 to 100% by mass.
- the line width of the second metal film 84 has a line width corresponding to the line width of the opening 83 of the resist film 82. Specifically, it is preferably less than 2.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less, 1.0 ⁇ m or less is more preferable.
- the lower limit value of the line width of the second metal film 84 is not particularly limited, but is generally preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more.
- the line width of the second metal film 84 is intended to be the width of the thin line in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the thin line portion of the second metal film 84.
- the thickness of the second metal film 84 is not particularly limited, but is generally preferably 300 to 2000 nm, and more preferably 300 to 1000 nm.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the resist film removing step.
- the method for removing the resist film 82 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method for removing the resist film 82 using a known resist film removing solution.
- Examples of the resist film removing liquid include organic solvents and alkaline solutions.
- a method for bringing the resist film removing solution into contact with the resist film 82 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a dipping method, a paddle method, a spray method, and a dynamic dispensing method.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a conductive part forming step.
- a part of the first metal film 80 which is a region where the second metal film 84 is not formed, is removed, and the fine metal wires 58 are formed on the surface 50a of the transparent substrate 50.
- the thin metal wire 58 includes a first metal layer 81 corresponding to the first metal film 80 and a second metal layer 85 corresponding to the second metal film 84.
- the first metal layer 81 and the second metal layer 85 are laminated in this order from the surface 50a side of the transparent substrate 50.
- a method for removing a part of the first metal film 80 is not particularly limited, but a known etching solution can be used.
- Known etching solutions include, for example, ferric chloride solution, cupric chloride solution, ammonia alkaline solution, sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture, phosphoric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture, and the like.
- an etching solution may be selected as appropriate so that the first metal film 80 is easily dissolved and the second metal film 84 is less soluble than the first metal film 80.
- multi-stage etching may be performed by changing the etching solution for each layer.
- the line width of the first metal layer 81 is preferably less than 2.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less. Although it does not specifically limit as a lower limit of the line
- the line width of the first metal layer 81 is intended to be the width of the thin line in the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the thin line portion of the first metal layer 81. Since the line width of the second metal layer 85 is the same as the line width of the second metal film 84 described above, description thereof is omitted.
- the line width w of the fine metal wire 58 is less than 2.0 ⁇ m, preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less. Although it does not specifically limit as a lower limit of the line width w of the metal fine wire 58, Generally 0.3 micrometer or more is preferable. When the line width w of the fine metal wire 58 is less than 2.0 ⁇ m, it is difficult for the user of the touch panel to visually recognize the fine metal wire 58. Note that the line width w of the fine metal wire 58 is the line width of the first metal layer 81 and the second metal layer 85 in the cross section in the width direction of the fine metal wire 58 (the cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the fine metal wire). Intended for maximum line width.
- the composition of the antenna element 30a of the first array antenna 30, the antenna element 32a of the second array antenna 32, and the metal thin wire 72 is a metal including an alloy.
- the antenna element 30a, the antenna element 32a, and the fine metal wire 72 will be described in more detail.
- the antenna element 30a, the antenna element 32a, and the fine metal wire 72 are composed of a single metal element or a plurality of metal elements. Yes, and does not contain 20% by mass or more of oxide. About what is comprised with a several metal element, even if it is an alloy, the thing in which several types of metals exist independently may be sufficient.
- the metal thin wire 72 is not limited to the one constituted only by the metal element, and may have metal particles and a binder.
- the metal particles may be composed of a single metal element or an alloy composed of a plurality of metal elements. Moreover, what was comprised with the single metal element may be multiple types.
- the antenna element 30a, the antenna element 32a, and the metal thin wire 72 do not include an oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or a conductive material such as a resin.
- the antenna element 30a, the antenna element 32a, and the thin metal wire 72 are not limited to those made of a metal or alloy, or those containing a metal or alloy and a binder.
- it can be formed by a method of forming a fine metal wire by performing a plating process only on a portion where a fine metal wire, which will be described in detail later, is to be formed.
- the antenna element 30a, the antenna element 32a, and the fine metal wire 72 are configured by a plated layer and a metal layer, and the configuration plated layer is covered by the metal layer.
- the antenna element 30a, the antenna element 32a, and the fine metal wire 72 may have a mode in which a metal layer is disposed only on the upper surface of the layer to be plated.
- the metal layer has a metallic luster, but when the antenna element 30a, the antenna element 32a, and the thin metal wire 72 are viewed from the back surface 50b side of the transparent substrate 50, The plated layer appears black. Therefore, the antenna element 30a, the antenna element 32a, and the thin metal wire 72 are visually recognized when viewed from the plated layer side as compared to the surface 50a side of the transparent substrate 50, that is, when viewed from the metal layer side. Sex is reduced. That is, the antenna element 30a, the antenna element 32a, and the thin metal wire 72 are difficult to see.
- the antenna element 30a, the antenna element 32a, and the fine metal wire 72 can have the same configuration as the fine metal wire 58 of the detection electrode described above, and in this case, the visibility of the fine metal wire 58 can be reduced. That is, the thin metal wire 58 becomes difficult to see. For this reason, in the touch sensor part 14, the visibility of the metal fine wire 58 can be reduced.
- the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32, and the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 have low visibility, so that the first sensor is in a region corresponding to the opening 13a of the housing 12 in the touch sensor unit 14. Even when the array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 and the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 are provided, the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 and the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 are visually recognized by the touch sensor unit 14. Is suppressed. For this reason, it can be provided in a region corresponding to the opening 13a of the housing 12, and the occupation of the volume of the mobile communication terminal 10 by the first array antenna 30, the second array antenna 32, the antenna 70, and the antenna 71 is reduced.
- the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32, and the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 can have a low surface resistance and good sensitivity. For this reason, the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32, the antenna 70, and the antenna 71 having good sensitivity can be provided in a region corresponding to the opening 13a of the housing 12. Twelve frame portions 13 can be narrowed. As a result, even when the display area of the mobile communication terminal 10 is small, the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 as well as the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 can be provided, which can contribute to miniaturization of the mobile communication terminal 10.
- the first array antenna 30, the second array antenna 32, the antenna 70, and the antenna 71 can be provided in a region corresponding to the opening 13a of the housing 12, and further the first detection. Since it can be provided so as to overlap with the electrode 52 and the second detection electrode 54, the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32, and the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 have a high degree of freedom.
- the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 and the antenna 70 and antenna 71 are close to the frame portion 13, the hand touches. As a result, the sensitivity of the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 and the sensitivity of the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 is remarkably reduced.
- the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 and the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 are reduced. Can also be provided in the center of the touch sensor unit 14, so that a decrease in sensitivity of the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 as well as the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 can be suppressed.
- the first array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32, and the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 are small in occupancy, the first array antenna 30 and the second array are formed in a region corresponding to the opening 13a of the housing 12.
- a plurality of antennas 32, antennas 70, and antennas 71 may be provided.
- the exposure pattern is set for each part.
- the first detection electrode 52, the first peripheral wiring 53, the first array antenna 30, the second array antenna 32, the antenna 70, and the antenna 71 can be formed together. Thereby, a manufacturing process can be simplified and manufacturing cost can be suppressed. In addition, these can be formed of the same material. Furthermore, the same thickness can be formed.
- first detection electrode 52 and the first peripheral wiring 53 and the second detection electrode 54 and the second peripheral wiring 55 are formed by exposing both surfaces of the transparent substrate 50 at the same time, Since the two detection electrodes 54 and the second peripheral wiring 55 can also be formed collectively, the production efficiency can be further increased and the manufacturing cost can be further suppressed. Furthermore, the same thickness can be formed.
- the same material means that the types and contents of the composition components are the same. This coincidence is the same for the types of composition components, and a range of ⁇ 10% is allowed for the content.
- the composition and content can be measured using, for example, a fluorescent X-ray analyzer.
- the first detection electrode 52, the first peripheral wiring 53, the second detection electrode 54, and the second peripheral wiring 55, and the first array antenna 30, the second array antenna 32, the antenna 70, and the antenna 71 is not necessarily limited to what should be formed in the same material, but can be formed as a different material and different thickness, respectively.
- the first array antenna 30, the second array antenna 32, the antenna 70, and the antenna 71 are provided on the same transparent substrate 50 as the touch sensor unit 14, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the array antenna 30 and the second array antenna 32 as well as the antenna 70 and the antenna 71 may be configured as a single unit.
- the present invention is basically configured as described above. Although the mobile communication terminal of the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various improvements or modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It is.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1の携帯端末装置は、複数のアンテナと、人感センサーと、複数のアンテナの各々を使用状態または非使用状態に切り替え可能であり、使用状態の各々のアンテナの放射パターンを切り替え可能なアンテナ切替装置とを備える。また、特許文献1の携帯端末装置は、人感センサーの出力結果に基づいて、携帯端末装置が通信に使用するアンテナを選択する通信制御部を有する。アンテナ切替装置は、選択部によるアンテナの選択結果に従って、通信に使用するアンテナを選択し、選択されたアンテナを使用状態に切り替えて選択されたアンテナの放射パターンを人感センサーの出力に基づいて切り替える。
携帯通信端末はその使用用途が多様にあり、その使用方法も多様である。通話時には単軸方向に沿って片手で持ち、耳に当てる。この場合、携帯通信端末には耳のみが接触するが、耳が接触する領域にアンテナがあれば、そのアンテナの受信効率が著しく低下する。
一方、ゲームプレイ中または動画閲覧時には携帯通信端末を横にし、両サイドを手で持つ。この場合、携帯通信端末の両サイド部分のみに手が接触するが、両サイド部分にアンテナがあれば、そのアンテナの受信効率が著しく低下する。
また、携帯通信端末では金属筐体の持つ高級感が好まれており、金属筐体の電波吸収がアンテナ設置の制約にも関わってくる。
また、特許文献1では、筐体に複数のアンテナが設けられているが、ビームフォーミングについて何ら考慮されておらず、このため、特許文献1の携帯端末装置でも、受信効率が著しく低下する。上述のように、携帯通信端末では、種々の制約から、外部との通信を維持することが難しくなりつつある。
フィルムアンテナは、アレイアンテナであることが好ましい。また、アレイアンテナに接続された位相器を有することが好ましい。
フィルムアンテナは、フェイズドアレイアンテナであることが好ましい。
フィルムアンテナは、ドットパターンを有することが好ましい。
近接センサーは、赤外線を利用した赤外センサーであることが好ましい。また、近接センサーは、筐体アンテナを含むことが好ましい。
フィルムアンテナは、線幅が3μm以下の金属細線で構成されていることが好ましい。フィルムアンテナは、線幅が1.5μm以下であることがより好ましい。
フィルムアンテナは、最大の長さが2cm以下であることが好ましい。
筐体は長方体状であり、近接センサーは、筐体の長手方向の一方の端部に設けられていることが好ましい。
また、筐体は開口を有し、開口に表示部が設けられ、フィルムアンテナは、表示部上、かつ開口の領域内に設けられていることが好ましい。
なお、以下において数値範囲を示す「~」とは両側に記載された数値を含む。例えば、εが数値α~数値βとは、εの範囲は数値αと数値βを含む範囲であり、数学記号で示せばα≦ε≦βである。
「具体的な数値で表された角度」、「平行」、「垂直」および「直交」等の角度は、特に記載がなければ、該当する技術分野で一般的に許容される誤差範囲を含む。
また、「同一」および「全部」等は、該当する技術分野で一般的に許容される誤差範囲を含む。
透明とは、光透過率が、波長400~800nmの可視光波長域において、少なくとも60%以上のことであり、好ましくは75%以上であり、より好ましくは80%以上、さらにより好ましくは85%以上のことである。
光透過率は、例えば、JIS(日本工業規格) K 7375:2008に規定される「プラスチック-全光線透過率および全光線反射率の求め方」を用いて測定されるものである。
図1に示す携帯通信端末10は、筐体12を有する。携帯通信端末10は、近接センサー22と、筐体アンテナと、フィルムアンテナと、制御部20(図2参照)とを有し、近接センサー22、筐体アンテナ、フィルムアンテナおよび制御部20(図2参照)は筐体12内に設けられている。筐体12は、例えば、長方体状であり、近接センサー22は筐体12の長手方向の一方の端部に設けられている。
携帯通信端末10では、表示部16の表示領域(図示せず)を確保するために筐体12の開口13aを大きくし、額縁部分13を狭くする傾向にあり額縁部分13は幅が狭い。
携帯通信端末10とは、例えば、スマートフォン、タブレットまたはスマートウォッチ等と呼ばれるものであり、また、モバイルデバイスとも呼ばれる。
図1に示すように筐体12を片方の手Hで持った場合、上面12aは人差し指側の端面のことであり、下面12bは小指側の端面のことである。側面12dは、筐体12を片方の手Hで持った際に、親指が触れる端面、または親指以外の指が触れる端面のことである。
上述の筐体12を片方の手Hで持った場合とは、いずれも筐体12の向きと手Hの相対的な位置関係は変えないで片方の手Hで持つことである。すなわち、筐体12を台の上においた状態で、筐体12の向きを変えることなく、片方の手Hで持つことである。
タッチセンサー部14は、後に詳細に説明するが、センサー部15(図3参照)を指等でタッチすると、タッチした位置が、静電容量式であれば静電容量の変化が生じるが、この静電容量の変化が制御部20で検知されて、タッチした位置の座標が特定される。
制御部20は、一般的なタッチセンサーの位置検出に利用される公知の制御回路(図示せず)を備える。なお、タッチセンサー部14が静電容量式であれば静電容量式の制御回路が適宜利用され、タッチセンサー部14が抵抗膜式であれば抵抗膜式の制御回路が適宜利用される。
タッチセンサー部14は、液晶表示装置等の表示部16とともに用いられ、表示部16上に設けられる。このため、タッチセンサー部14は、表示部16で表示される画像を認識させるため表示部16の表示画像に対応する領域が透明である。
タッチセンサー部14には、反射防止層等の機能層を付与してもよい。
透明層17は、光学的に透明であり、電気的に絶縁性を有するものであり、かつ安定してタッチセンサー部14を固定することができれば、その構成は、特に限定されるものではない。透明層17としては、例えば、光学的に透明な粘着剤(OCA、Optical Clear Adhesive)およびUV(Ultra Violet)硬化樹脂等の光学的に透明な樹脂(OCR、Optical Clear Resin)を用いることができる。また、透明層17は部分的に中空でもよい。
なお、透明層17を設けることなく、表示部16上に隙間をあけてタッチセンサー部14を離間して設ける構成でもよい。この隙間のことをエアギャップともいう。
近接センサー22は、例えば、筐体12の上面12a側の額縁部分13に設けられている。通話時に耳に当てるが、近接センサー22を筐体12の上面12a側の額縁部分13に設けることにより、耳を当てたことを検出することができる。
近接センサー22としては、公知のものが適宜利用可能であるが、例えば、赤外線を利用した赤外センサーを用いることができる。赤外センサーは、赤外線を出射し、赤外線が反射した反射光を受診することにより、非接触で物体の存在を検出するものである。赤外センサーは、例えば、赤外線が反射した反射光を受診した際に、制御部20に検出信号を出力する。例えば、制御部20が検出信号を受けた場合、携帯通信端末10を人が使用していると判定する。
赤外センサー以外にも、例えば、光の強さ、光の明るさ、または光の輝度等の照度を検出する照度センサーを用いることもできる。照度の閾値を予め定めておくことで、照度センサーで得られた照度が閾値以下であれば、制御部20では、携帯通信端末10を人が使用していると判定することができる。
また、第1の筐体アンテナ24および第2の筐体アンテナ26は、利用する周波数により、長さ等の大きさが決定される。例えば、周波数が24.25~86GHzの通信規格5G(Generation)では、最大の長さが2cm以下である。
フィルムアンテナは、上述のアレイアンテナに限定されるものではなく、用途、利用する周波数に応じて、各種のアンテナを用いることができる。指向性の観点から、アレイアンテナおよびフェイズドアレイアンテナを用いることができる。
第1のアレイアンテナ30は、複数のアンテナ素子30aを備えた、一定の励振条件で給電するアンテナである。第1のアレイアンテナ30は、アンテナ素子30aは直線上に規則的に配置されたドットパターンを有する。第1のアレイアンテナ30は視認側のパターン、すなわち、筐体12の表面側のパターンがドットパターンである。
第2のアレイアンテナ32は、複数のアンテナ素子32aを備えた、一定の励振条件で給電するアンテナである。第2のアレイアンテナ32は、アンテナ素子32aは直線上に規則的に配置されたドットパターンを有する。第2のアレイアンテナ32は視認側のパターン、すなわち、筐体12の表面側のパターンがドットパターンである。
なお、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32を設けることで、第1の筐体アンテナ24および第2の筐体アンテナ26を含めた、複数のアンテナを使い、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32からそれぞれ異なるデータを送信し、複数のアンテナで同時にデータを受信することで通信を高速化することができる。例えば、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32の2つのアンテナを使ってそれぞれから異なる信号を送った場合、2倍の速度が実現可能である。この技術はMIMO(Multi-Input Multi-Output)と呼ばれる。
タッチセンサー部14に裏面14b側は、携帯通信端末10の背面側である。
送信信号の位相をシフトすることは、複数のアンテナ素子30aから構成される第1のアレイアンテナ30の指向性を変えることに相当する。位相シフト量を制御部20により制御することで、アンテナから、電波を特定の方向に放射することができる。すなわち、送信する電波の指向性を制御して、ビームフォーミングを実現できる。
上述のように、各アンテナ素子30aから出力される高周波の送信信号の位相をシフトすることは、ある特定方向の範囲からの電波を受信することと等価である。
また、アンテナ素子30aが受信し、位相器34により位相シフトされた受信信号は、分配合成回路36に出力されて合成される。
また、上述の各アンテナ素子30aと同様に、位相器34は、第2のアレイアンテナ32の各アンテナ素子32aから出力される高周波の送信信号の位相を位相シフトするものである。位相シフト量は、例えば、制御部20で制御される。
また、アンテナ素子32aが受信し、位相器34により位相シフトされた受信信号は、分配合成回路36に出力されて合成される。
分配合成回路36は、放射パターン切替部42から送られてくる高周波の送信信号を分配し、第1のアレイアンテナ30の各アンテナ素子30aおよび第2のアレイアンテナ32の各アンテナ素子32aに対して給電する。また、分配合成回路36は、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32によって受信され、位相器34によって位相の調整された受信信号を合成して、放射パターン切替部42に送るものである。
第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32は、給電方式はいずれも電圧給電である。電圧給電とは、給電点において電圧が最大で電流が最小となる給電方式のことである。
アンテナ切替部40は、第1の筐体アンテナ24および第2の筐体アンテナ26と、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32とのうち、いずれかを使用するか切替えるものであり、使用されるアンテナが選択され、選択されたアンテナが使用される状態になる。アンテナの切替え、すなわち、利用するアンテナの選択は制御部20でなされる。制御部20で選択されたアンテナが、外部との通信に利用される。
ここで、周波数が数十GHzの場合、直線性が非常に高く、回折もしにくく、送信時に送信信号を含む電波をビーム状にして放射方向を変えなければ、基地局に送信信号を送信できない虞がある。上述のように、送信する電波の指向性を制御することができるため、周波数が数十GHzの場合であっても、送信時に送信信号を含む電波をビーム状にして放射方向を変えて、基地局に送信信号を送信することができる。これにより、外部との情報の授受ができる。
上述の放射ビームB1および放射ビームB2は、それぞれ指向性が制御されて広がりを狭くし電波の送信方向が限定されたものである。
第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32と、位相器34とでフェイズドアレイアンテナが構成される。フェイズドアレイアンテナであれば、直線性が高い電波であっても送受信が可能である。
なお、位相器34がなくても、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32では、特定の指向性パターンを得ることができるが、特定の向きに電波を送信する等、電波の送信方向の向きを変えることができない。
主成分とは、含有量が85質量%以上であることをいう。また、筐体12を構成する金属としては、例えば、アルミニウムである。アルミニウムが主成分の場合には、アルミニウムの含有量が85質量%以上である。
筐体12を金属で構成するとしているが、金属には、単一金属のみならず、複数の金属元素で構成される合金も含まれる。
図8は本発明の実施形態の携帯通信端末のタッチセンサー部の第2の例を示す模式的断面図であり、図9は本発明の実施形態の携帯通信端末のタッチセンサー部の第3の例を示す模式的断面図であり、図10は本発明の実施形態の携帯通信端末のタッチセンサー部の第4の例を示す模式図である。
具体的には、タッチセンサー部14は、図6に示すように、透明基板50の表面50a上にそれぞれ第1の方向D1に沿って延び、かつ第1の方向D1に直交する第2の方向D2に並列配置された複数の第1の検出電極52が形成され、複数の第1の検出電極52に電気的に接続された複数の第1の周辺配線53が互いに近接して配列されている。複数の第1の周辺配線53は透明基板50の一辺50cにて1つの端子56にまとめられている。複数の第1の周辺配線53をまとめて第1の周辺配線部60という。
第2の検出電極54は第1の検出電極52に対して少なくとも一部を重ねて離間して層状に配置されている。より具体的には、透明基板50の一方の面に対して垂直な方向Dn(図7参照)から見た際に、第2の検出電極54は第1の検出電極52に対して少なくとも一部を重ねて配置されている。第1の検出電極52と第2の検出電極54を重ねた積層方向は上述の垂直な方向Dn(図7参照)と同じ方向である。複数の第1の検出電極52と複数の第2の検出電極54でセンサー部15が構成される。
第1の周辺配線53および第2の周辺配線55は、金属細線58で形成されてもよく、また金属細線58とは線幅および厚み等が異なる導電配線で構成されていてもよい。第1の周辺配線53および第2の周辺配線55は、例えば、帯状の導体で形成されていてもよい。タッチセンサー部14の各構成部材については、後に詳細に説明する。
タッチセンサー部14は、上述のように金属細線58で構成されたメッシュパターンを有するものであれば、静電容量式タッチセンサーに限定されるものではなく、抵抗膜式タッチセンサーでもよい。抵抗膜式タッチセンサーでも複数の第1の検出電極52と複数の第2の検出電極54でセンサー部15が構成される。
センサー部15、静電容量式タッチセンサーにおいて、指等の接触、すなわち、タッチの検出が可能な領域である。表示部16(図2参照)の表示領域(図示せず)上にセンサー部15を重ねて、タッチセンサー部14が表示部16上に配置されている。このため、センサー部15は可視領域でもある。表示領域上に画像が表示されれば、センサー部15は画像表示領域となる。
透明基板50において、第1の周辺配線部60および第2の周辺配線部62が形成されている領域には、例えば、遮光機能を有する加飾部(図示せず)が設けられる。加飾部を設けることにより第1の周辺配線部60および第2の周辺配線部62が不可視とされる。
不可視とは、第1の周辺配線部60および第2の周辺配線部62を視認できないことをいい、10人の観察者が見た場合、1人も視認できないことを不可視という。
また、タッチセンサー部14では、第1の検出電極52と第2の検出電極54の2つの検出電極を設ける構成としたが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、図9に示すように、1つの透明基板50の表面50aに第1の検出電極52を設ける構成でもよい。
第1の検出電極52とダミー電極64とは隙間65を設けて配置されている。ダミー電極64は、隙間65により第1の検出電極52と電気的に絶縁され、検出電極としては機能しない。
ダミー電極64は、隙間65により第1の検出電極52と電気的に絶縁されている以外は、第1の検出電極52と同じメッシュパターンである。ダミー電極64は、メッシュパターンを作製した後、第1の検出電極52を作製する際に、第1の検出電極52間にあるメッシュパターンを全部取り除くことなく、隙間65となるメッシュパターンの領域だけを取り除くことにより形成することができる。
なお、図10では、第1の検出電極52を例にして説明したが、第2の検出電極54についても、第1の検出電極52と同様に、上述のダミー電極64を設ける構成とする。
アンテナ素子30aおよびアンテナ素子32aの線幅wは、例えば、光学顕微鏡、レーザ顕微鏡、およびデジタルマイクロスコープ等を用いて測定することができる。
アンテナ素子30aおよびアンテナ素子32aを黒化処理した場合、膜厚による斜め方向からの視認されること、すなわち、視認性を気にする必要はない。黒化処理は一般的に知られている黒化処理を用いることができる。特開2015-82178号公報に記載されているテルル含有塩酸処理を用いることもできる。
また、一方の側面12dを上にしている場合には、携帯通信端末10を横にして持っていると制御部20で判定し、アンテナ切替部40により第1の筐体アンテナ24および第2の筐体アンテナ26ではなく、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32のうち、少なくとも1つアンテナを利用するように切り替える。第1のアレイアンテナ30は、上面12a側に設けているので、第2のアレイアンテナ32を用いることが好ましい。
アンテナの配置に基づき、携帯通信端末10の姿勢毎に適したアンテナを予め設定しておき、制御部20に記憶させておいてもよい。これにより、制御部20では、携帯通信端末10の姿勢に応じて利用するアンテナを容易に決定することができる。この場合でも、外部との通信を維持することができ、外部との安定した通信が可能となる。
図12は本発明の第2の実施形態の携帯通信端末を示す模式図であり、図13はアンテナの切替えを示すフローチャートである。
図12に示す携帯通信端末10aにおいて、図1~図5に示す携帯通信端末10と同一構成物には同一符号を付して、その詳細な説明は省略する。
図12に示す携帯通信端末10aでは、第1の筐体アンテナ24で近接センサーが構成される。
第1の筐体アンテナ24のインピーダンスの測定は、インピーダンスを測定することができれば、特に限定されるものではなく、公知のものが適宜利用可能である。インピーダンスの測定には、例えば、方向性カプラーが用いられる。方向性カプラーは、リアルタイムインピーダンス情報、例えば、アンテナのインピーダンスの測定値を得るために利用されることが知られている。制御部20に、インピーダンスの測定値が出力されて、制御部20にて、人体が指定範囲内に存在するかが判定される。
次に、第1の筐体アンテナ24のインピーダンスの測定値を制御部20に出力し、インピーダンスの測定値を用いて、指定範囲内に人体が存在するかを制御部20で判定する(ステップS12)。
予め第1の筐体アンテナ24のインピーダンスの測定値と、人体との距離の関係を求めておき、例えば、制御部20に記憶させておく。ステップS12では、制御部20では第1の筐体アンテナ24のインピーダンスの測定値に基づき、指定範囲内に人体が存在するかを判定する。
例えば、第1の筐体アンテナ24のインピーダンスを測定する時間間隔を、予め設定しておき、上述のステップS10およびステップS12を繰り返し行い、常に、送受信に適したアンテナを利用する。この場合でも、外部との通信を維持することができ、外部との安定した通信が可能となる。
また、アンテナの受信感度を利用して、アンテナを切り替えるようにしてもよい。この場合、第1の筐体アンテナ24または第2の筐体アンテナ26について受信感度を測定する。受信感度は、受信する電波の強度を測定することにより、特定することができる。
第1の筐体アンテナ24および第2の筐体アンテナ26について、それぞれ受信感度を測定し、受信感度が予め設定された値よりも小さい場合、制御部20は、アンテナ切替部40を介して第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32のうち、少なくとも1つのアンテナを利用可能とする構成にしてもよい。
図14に示すアンテナ70は、金属細線72で構成された、複数の開口部74を備えるパターン76を有する。
金属細線72は、金属細線58に比して、線幅twが異なる点以外は、厚み等は同じ構成であり、組成も上述のように同じものとすることができるため、その詳細な説明は省略する。
アンテナ70は、例えば、モノポールアンテナであり、長さがL、幅がtAの長方形状である。複数の開口部74は、いずれも長方形状であり、かつ形状および大きさが同じである。アンテナ70の長さLは、上述のように利用する周波数により決定される。アンテナ70では、例えば、周波数が24.25~86GHzの通信規格5G(Generation)では、長さLは2cm以下である。なお、長さLはアンテナ70の最大の長さである。
金属細線72の線幅twは、例えば、光学顕微鏡、レーザ顕微鏡、デジタルマイクロスコープ等を用いて測定することができる。
金属細線72を黒化処理した場合、膜厚による斜め方向からの視認されること、すなわち、視認性を気にする必要はない。黒化処理は一般的に知られている黒化処理を用いることができる。特開2015-82178号公報に記載されているテルル含有塩酸処理を用いることもできる。
アンテナ70の開口率は、アンテナ70の長さL×幅tAの範囲における導体性細線の非占有面積率で定義される。
開口率は、パターン76を撮像素子で撮影して、パターン76の撮影画像を得て、その後、撮影画像を二値化処理して、金属細線72を抽出する。そして、アンテナ70の長さL×線幅twの面積に対する金属細線72の割合を求めることで、開口率を得ることができる。
アンテナ70に要求される特性から表面抵抗は低い方が好ましいため、金属細線72の表面抵抗は9Ω/sq.以下である。アンテナ70の表面抵抗の下限値としては、0.001Ω/sq.が好ましい。アンテナ70の表面抵抗は、好ましくは0.01~5Ω/sq.である。アンテナ70は表面抵抗が9Ω/sq.を超えると、電波の送受信の際に発熱が生じ、アンテナ70の特性が劣化する。また、表面抵抗が9Ω/sq.を超えると、電波の送受信の際の発熱により基板を樹脂で構成した場合には、基板が変形する可能性もある。
金属細線72は、例えば、銅で構成することが好ましい。この場合、銅単体のみならず、バインダーを含む銅であってもよい。
表面抵抗は、測定対象となるアンテナ70を10mm幅で切り出し、その両端に導電性銅テープをアンテナ70の長さが10mmになるように貼り、その両端の抵抗をAgilent製 34405A マルチメータを用いて測定した抵抗値のことである。
なお、上述の第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32についても、表面抵抗が9Ω/sq.以下であることが好ましい。
しかしながら、アンテナ70およびアンテナ71の使用時の放熱性を考慮すると、図14に示すパターン76が好ましい。
さらには、タッチセンサー部14の上端部または側端部において、アンテナ70およびアンテナ71をセンサー部15の第1の検出電極52および第2の検出電極54と重なるように設けてもよい。この場合、アンテナ70およびアンテナ71は、第1の検出電極52または第2の検出電極54と同一面上に、第1の検出電極52、第1の周辺配線53または第2の検出電極54、第2の周辺配線55が形成されていない領域に設けられる。
まず、第1の検出電極52と第2の検出電極54の金属細線58について説明する。
金属細線58の線幅wは、特に限定されるものではないが、第1の検出電極52および第2の検出電極54として適用される場合には、0.5μm以上5μm以下であることが好ましく、上限値はより好ましくは3μm以下であり、上限値はさらに好ましくは1.5μm以下である。金属細線58の線幅wが上述の範囲であれば、低抵抗の第1の検出電極52および第2の検出電極54を比較的容易に形成できる。
金属細線58が周辺配線として適用される場合には、金属細線58の線幅wは500μm以下が好ましく、50μm以下がより好ましく、50μm以下が特に好ましい。線幅wが上述の範囲であれば、低抵抗の周辺配線を比較的容易に形成できる。
金属細線58の線幅wおよび金属細線58の厚みtは、金属細線58を含むタッチセンサー部14の断面画像を取得し、断面画像をパーソナルコンピュータに取り見込み、モニタに表示し、モニタ上で上述の金属細線58の線幅wを規定する2箇所に、それぞれ水平線をひき、水平線間の長さを求める。これにより、金属細線58の線幅wを得ることができる。また、金属細線58の厚みtを規定する2箇所に、それぞれ水平線をひき、水平線間の長さを求める。これにより、金属細線58の厚みtを得ることができる。
透明基板50と透明基板51は同じであるため、透明基板50についてだけ説明する。透明基板50は、第1の検出電極52、第1の周辺配線53、第2の検出電極54、および第2の周辺配線55を支持することができれば、その種類は特に限定されるものではないが、特にプラスチックフィルムが好ましい。
透明基板50を構成する材料の具体例としては、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)(258℃)、ポリシクロオレフィン(134℃)、ポリカーボネート(250℃)、アクリル樹脂(128℃)、PEN(ポリエチレンナフタレート)(269℃)、PE(ポリエチレン)(135℃)、PP(ポリプロピレン)(163℃)、ポリスチレン(230℃)、ポリ塩化ビニル(180℃)、ポリ塩化ビニリデン(212℃)およびTAC(トリアセチルセルロース)(290℃)等の融点が約290℃以下であるプラスチックフィルムが好ましく、特に、PET、ポリシクロオレフィン、ポリカーボネートが好ましい。( )内の数値は融点である。
上述の処理の中でも、第1の検出電極52、第1の周辺配線53、第2の検出電極54、および第2の周辺配線55と、透明基板50との密着性がより向上する点で、大気圧プラズマ処理が好ましい。
下塗り層の形成方法は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、高分子を含む下塗り層形成用組成物を基板上に塗布して、必要に応じて加熱処理を施す方法が挙げられる。下塗り層形成用組成物には、必要に応じて、溶媒が含まれていてもよい。溶媒の種類は特に限定されるものではないが、後述する感光性層形成用組成物で使用される溶媒が例示される。また、高分子を含む下塗り層形成用組成物として、高分子の微粒子を含むラテックスを使用してもよい。
下塗り層の厚みは特に限定されるものではないが、第1の検出電極52、第1の周辺配線53、第2の検出電極54、および第2の周辺配線55と、透明基板50との密着性がより優れる点で、0.02~0.3μmが好ましく、0.03~0.2μmがより好ましい。
なお、必要に応じて、タッチセンサー部14は、透明基板50と第1の検出電極52と第2の検出電極54との間に他の層として、上述の下塗り層以外に、例えば、アンチハレーション層を備えていてもよい。
金属細線58は、電気導電性を有するものであり、例えば、金属、または合金で構成される。金属細線58は、例えば、銅線または銀線で構成することができる。金属細線58には、金属銀が含まれることが好ましいが、金属銀以外の金属、例えば、金、銅等が含まれていてもよい。また、金属細線58は、メッシュパターンの形成に好適な、金属銀およびゼラチン等の高分子バインダーが含有されたものであることが好ましい。
また、金属細線58は、アンテナと同じ材料で構成する場合には、銅で構成することが好ましい。
金属細線58は、複数の金属層で構成されたものでもよい。また、金属細線58は黒色化処理したものでもよく、さらに、金属細線58に、例えば、CuO等の構成された視認抑制層を設けてもよい。
また、第1の検出電極52と第2の検出電極54のメッシュパターンは、曲線を組み合わせたもので構成してもよく、例えば、円弧を組み合わせて、円または楕円の格子状のセルとしてもよい。円弧としては、例えば、90°の円弧、180°の円弧を用いることができる。
この場合、例えば、ランダムなパターンは、規則性のある菱形形状について、角度が保存され、かつピッチに対して不規則性が付与された、開口部が平行四辺形であるパターンである。また、ランダムなパターンは、開口部が菱形であり、菱形形状の角度について、角度に対して不規則性が付与されたパターンでもよい。不規則性の分布は、正規分布でも、一様分布でもよい。
めっき法よる金属細線58の形成方法について説明する。例えば、金属細線58は、無電解めっき下地層に無電解めっきすることにより下地層上に形成される金属めっき膜で構成することができる。この場合、少なくとも金属微粒子を含有する触媒インクを基材上にパターン状に形成した後に、基材を無電解めっき浴に浸漬し、金属めっき膜を形成することで形成される。より具体的には、特開2014-159620号公報に記載の金属被膜基材の製造方法を利用することができる。また、少なくとも金属触媒前駆体と相互作用しうる官能基を有する樹脂組成物を基材上にパターン状に形成した後、触媒または触媒前駆体を付与し、基材を無電解めっき浴に浸漬し、金属めっき膜を形成することで形成される。より具体的には、特開2012-144761号公報に記載の金属被膜基材の製造方法を応用することができる。
アディティブ法とは、透明基板上の金属細線を形成したい部分にのみめっき処理等を施すことにより、金属細線を形成する方法である。生産性等の点から、アディティブ方法が好ましい。
金属細線58の形成には、サブトラクティブ方法を用いることもできる。サブトラクティブ方法とは、透明基板上に導電層を形成して、例えば、化学エッチング処理等のエッチング処理により不要部分を除去して、金属細線を形成する方法である。
蒸着法よる金属細線58の形成方法について説明する。まず、蒸着により、銅箔層を形成し、フォトリソグラフィー法により銅箔層から銅配線を形成することにより、金属細線58を形成することができる。銅箔層は、蒸着銅箔以外にも、電解銅箔が利用可能である。より具体的には、特開2014-29614号公報に記載の銅配線を形成する工程を利用することができる。
印刷法よる金属細線58の形成方法について説明する。まず、導電性粉末を含有する導電性ペーストを金属細線58と同じパターンで基板に塗布し、その後、加熱処理を施すことにより金属細線58を形成することができる。導電性ペーストを用いたパターン形成は、例えば、インクジェット法またはスクリーン印刷法でなされる。導電性ペーストとしては、より具体的には、特開2011-28985号公報に記載の導電性ペーストを利用することができる。
セミアディティブ法について説明する。例えば、セミアディティブ法は、以下に示す工程を有する。
(1)基板上に、第1金属膜を形成する工程(第1金属膜形成工程)
(2)第1金属膜上に金属細線が形成される領域に開口を備えるレジスト膜を形成する工程(レジスト膜形成工程)
(3)開口内であって、第1金属膜上に、第2金属膜を形成する工程(第2金属膜形成工程)
(4)レジスト膜を除去する工程(レジスト膜除去工程)
(5)第2金属膜をマスクとして、上述の第1金属膜の一部を除去して、金属細線から構成される導電部を形成する工程(導電部形成工程)
以下、上述の各工程の手順について詳述する。
図16は、第1金属膜形成工程を説明するための模式的断面図である。第1金属膜形成工程を実施することで、第1金属膜80が透明基板50の表面50aに形成される。
第1金属膜80は、シード層および下地金属層(下地密着層)のうち少なく一方として機能する。
なお、図16では、第1金属膜80が一層である場合を示したが、これに限定されない。例えば、第1金属膜80は、2以上の層が積層されてなる積層構造体であってもよい。第1金属膜80が積層構造体である場合、透明基板50側にある下層が下地金属層(下地密着層)として機能することが好ましく、後述の第2金属膜84側にある上層がシード層として機能することが好ましい。
第1金属膜80の材質としては、上述の金属細線58で挙げた材質と同様であるので、その説明を省略する。
第1金属膜80の厚みとしては特に限定されないが、一般に、30~300nmが好ましく、40~100nmがより好ましい。
第1金属膜80の厚みが、300nm以下であると、後述する導電部形成工程(特にエッチングプロセス)における製造適性が良化するため、金属細線58がより優れた線幅の面内均一性を有する。
図17は、レジスト膜形成工程を説明するための模式的断面図である。本工程を実施することで、レジスト膜82が第1金属膜80上に形成される。
レジスト膜82は、金属細線58(図20参照)が形成される領域に開口83を備える。レジスト膜82中における開口83の領域は、金属細線を配置したい領域に合わせて適宜調整できる。具体的には、メッシュ状に配置された金属細線を形成しようとする場合、メッシュ状の開口を有するレジスト膜82が形成される。なお、通常、開口83は金属細線に合わせて細線状に形成される。
開口83の線幅は2.0μm未満であることが好ましく、1.5μm以下がより好ましく、1.0μm以下がさらに好ましい。開口83の線幅を2.0μm未満とすることにより、線幅の細い金属細線58を得ることができる。特に、開口83の線幅が1.5μm以下の場合、得られる金属細線58の線幅がより細くなり、使用者から金属細線58がより視認されにくい。
なお、開口83の線幅とは、開口83の細線部分の延在方向に直交する方向での細線部の幅を意図する。後述する各工程を経て、開口83の線幅に対応した線幅を有する金属細線58が形成される。
(a)第1金属膜80上にレジスト膜形成用組成物を塗布し、レジスト膜形成用組成物層を形成する工程。
(b)パターン状の開口を備えるフォトマスクを介して、レジスト膜形成用組成物を露光する工程。
(c)露光後のレジスト膜形成用組成物を現像し、レジスト膜82を得る工程。
なお、上述の工程(a)と工程(b)の間、工程(b)と工程(c)の間、および工程(c)の後のうち、少なくとも1つのタイミングで、レジスト膜形成用組成物層およびレジスト膜82を加熱する工程のうち、少なくとも一方の工程を、さらに実施してもよい。
上述の工程(a)において用いることができるレジスト膜形成用組成物としては、公知のポジ型の感放射線性組成物をいずれも用いることができる。
レジスト膜形成用組成物の塗布方法としては、例えば、スピンコート法、スプレー法、ローラーコート法、および浸漬法等が挙げられる。
レジスト膜形成用組成物層を加熱する方法としては特に限定されないが、例えば、透明基板50を加熱する方法が挙げられる。
上述の加熱の温度としては特に限定されないが、一般に40~160℃が好ましい。
レジスト膜形成用組成物層を露光する方法としては特に限定されず、公知の露光方法を用いることができる。
レジスト膜形成用組成物層を露光する方法としては、例えば、パターン状の開口を備えるフォトマスクを介して、レジスト膜形成用組成物層に、活性光線、または放射線を照射する方法が挙げられる。露光量としては特に限定されないが、一般に10~50mW/cm2で、1~10秒間照射することが好ましい。
露光後のレジスト膜形成用組成物層を現像する方法としては特に限定されず、公知の現像方法を用いることができる。
公知の現像方法としては、例えば、有機溶剤を含有する現像液、またはアルカリ現像液を用いる方法が挙げられる。
現像方法としては、例えば、ディップ法、パドル法、スプレー法、およびダイナミックディスペンス法等が挙げられる。
図18は、第2金属膜形成工程を説明するための模式的断面図である。本工程により、レジスト膜82の開口83内であって、第1金属膜80上に、第2金属膜84が形成される。第2金属膜84がレジスト膜82の開口83を埋めるように形成される。
めっき法としては、公知のめっき法を用いることができる。具体的には、電解めっき法および無電解めっき法が挙げられ、生産性の点から、電解めっき法が好ましい。
第2金属膜84は、例えば、銅、クロム、鉛、ニッケル、金、銀、すず、および亜鉛等の金属、ならびにこれらの金属の合金を含有していてもよい。
なかでも、第2金属膜84は、金属細線58の導電性がより優れる点で、銅またはその合金を含有することが好ましい。また、金属細線58の導電性がより優れる点で、第2金属膜84の主成分は、銅であることが好ましい。
第2金属膜84の線幅とは、第2金属膜84の細線部分の延在方向に直交する方向での細線の幅を意図する。
図19は、レジスト膜除去工程を説明するための模式的断面図である。本工程により、レジスト膜82が除去されて、透明基板50、第1金属膜80および第2金属膜84がこの順に形成された積層体が得られる。
レジスト膜82を除去する方法としては特に限定されず、公知のレジスト膜除去液を用いてレジスト膜82を除去する方法が挙げられる。
レジスト膜除去液としては例えば、有機溶剤、およびアルカリ溶液等が挙げられる。
レジスト膜除去液をレジスト膜82に接触させる方法としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、ディップ法、パドル法、スプレー法、およびダイナミックディスペンス法等が挙げられる。
図20は、導電部形成工程を説明するための模式的断面図である。本工程によれば、第2金属膜84が形成されていない領域である第1金属膜80の一部が除去されて、透明基板50の表面50aに金属細線58が形成される。
金属細線58は、第1金属膜80に対応する第1金属層81と、第2金属膜84に対応する第2金属層85とを有する。第1金属層81と第2金属層85とは透明基板50の表面50a側からこの順に積層されている。
公知のエッチング液としては、例えば、塩化第二鉄溶液、塩化第二銅溶液、アンモニアアルカリ溶液、硫酸-過酸化水素混合液、およびリン酸-過酸化水素混合液等が挙げられる。これらの中から、第1金属膜80が溶解しやすく、第2金属膜84が第1金属膜80よりも溶解しにくいエッチング液を適宜選択すればよい。
なお、上述のように第1金属膜80が積層構造体である場合には、層毎にエッチング液を変えて、多段階のエッチングを行ってもよい。
第1金属層81の線幅とは、第1金属層81の細線部分の延在方向に直交する方向での細線の幅を意図する。
第2金属層85の線幅は、上述の第2金属膜84の線幅と同様であるので、その説明を省略する。
金属細線58の線幅wが2.0μm未満であると、タッチパネルの使用者が金属細線58をより視認しにくい。
なお、金属細線58の線幅wとは、金属細線58の幅方向の断面(金属細線の延在方向と直交する断面)において、第1金属層81および第2金属層85の線幅のうち最大の線幅を意図する。
被めっき層が金属層で覆われた態様では、金属層は金属光沢を有するものであるが、透明基板50の裏面50b側から、アンテナ素子30aおよびアンテナ素子32aならびに金属細線72を見た場合、被めっき層が黒色に見える。このため、透明基板50の表面50a側から、すなわち、金属層側から見た場合に比して、被めっき層側から見た場合には、アンテナ素子30aおよびアンテナ素子32aならびに金属細線72の視認性が低下する。すなわち、アンテナ素子30aおよびアンテナ素子32aならびに金属細線72は見えにくくなる。
さらには、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32ならびにアンテナ70およびアンテナ71は表面抵抗が低く良好な感度を得ることができる。
このようなことから、筐体12の開口13aに相当する領域に、良好な感度の第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32ならびにアンテナ70およびアンテナ71を設けることができるため、筐体12の額縁部分13を狭くすることができる。ひいては携帯通信端末10の表示領域が小さい場合でも、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32ならびにアンテナ70およびアンテナ71を設けることができ、携帯通信端末10の小型化にも貢献できる。
しかも、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32ならびにアンテナ70およびアンテナ71は占有が小さいため、筐体12の開口13aに相当する領域に、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32ならびにアンテナ70およびアンテナ71を複数設けることもできる。
さらに、第1の検出電極52と第1の周辺配線53および第2の検出電極54と第2の周辺配線55を透明基板50に対して両面を同時に露光して形成する場合には、さらに第2の検出電極54と第2の周辺配線55も一括して形成することができるため、生産効率をさらに高めることができ、製造コストをさらに抑制することができる。さらには厚みも同じに形成することもできる。
もちろん、第1の検出電極52、第1の周辺配線53、第2の検出電極54、および第2の周辺配線55、ならびに第1のアレイアンテナ30、第2のアレイアンテナ32、アンテナ70およびアンテナ71は全て同一材料に形成されるべきものに限定されるものではなく、それぞれ異なる材料、異なる厚みとして形成することができる。
また、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32ならびにアンテナ70およびアンテナ71は、タッチセンサー部14と同じ透明基板50に設ける構成としたが、これに限定されるものではなく、第1のアレイアンテナ30および第2のアレイアンテナ32ならびにアンテナ70およびアンテナ71は単体の構成とすることもできる。
12 筐体
12a 上面
12b 下面
12d 側面
13 額縁部分
13a 開口
14 タッチセンサー部
14a、50a、51a 表面
14b、50b 裏面
15 センサー部
16 表示部
17 透明層
18 通信部
20 制御部
22 近接センサー
24 第1の筐体アンテナ
26 第2の筐体アンテナ
30 第1のアレイアンテナ
30a、32a アンテナ素子
31、33 配線
32 第2のアレイアンテナ
34 位相器
36 分配合成回路
40 アンテナ切替部
42 放射パターン切替部
50 透明基板
50c 一辺
51 透明基板
52 第1の検出電極
53 第1の周辺配線
54 第2の検出電極
55 第2の周辺配線
56 端子
58 金属細線
59 接着層
60 第1の周辺配線部
62 第2の周辺配線部
64 ダミー電極
65 隙間
70、71 アンテナ
72 金属細線
74、74a 開口部
76、76a パターン
80 第1金属膜
81 第1金属層
82 レジスト膜
83 開口
84 第2金属膜
85 第2金属層
D1 第1の方向
D2 第2の方向
Dn 方向
H 手
S10 ステップ
S12 ステップ
S14 ステップ
S16 ステップ
t 厚み
tA 幅
tw 線幅
w 線幅
Claims (15)
- 筐体を有する携帯通信端末であって、
近接センサーと、フィルムアンテナと、筐体アンテナと、制御部とを有し、前記近接センサー、前記フィルムアンテナ、前記筐体アンテナおよび前記制御部が前記筐体内に設けられていることを特徴とする携帯通信端末。 - 前記筐体は、主成分が金属である請求項1に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記金属はアルミニウムである請求項2に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記フィルムアンテナは、アレイアンテナである請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記アレイアンテナに接続された位相器を有する請求項4に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記フィルムアンテナは、フェイズドアレイアンテナである請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記フィルムアンテナは、ドットパターンを有する請求項1に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記近接センサーは、赤外線を利用した赤外センサーである請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記近接センサーは、前記筐体アンテナを含む請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記筐体アンテナは、最大の長さが2cm以下である請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記フィルムアンテナは、線幅が3μm以下の金属細線で構成されている請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記フィルムアンテナは、前記線幅が1.5μm以下である請求項11に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記フィルムアンテナは、最大の長さが2cm以下である請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記筐体は長方体状であり、前記近接センサーは、前記筐体の長手方向の一方の端部に設けられている請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の携帯通信端末。
- 前記筐体は開口を有し、前記開口に表示部が設けられ、
前記フィルムアンテナは、前記表示部上、かつ前記開口の領域内に設けられている請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の携帯通信端末。
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CN201780051873.7A CN109661752A (zh) | 2016-09-23 | 2017-08-30 | 移动通信终端 |
JP2018540937A JPWO2018055999A1 (ja) | 2016-09-23 | 2017-08-30 | 携帯通信端末 |
KR1020197005424A KR20190027929A (ko) | 2016-09-23 | 2017-08-30 | 휴대 통신 단말 |
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US (1) | US20190165486A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2018055999A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20190027929A (ja) |
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JP2019511134A (ja) * | 2017-01-20 | 2019-04-18 | 北京小米移動軟件有限公司Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co.,Ltd. | 上り信号を送信する方法及び装置 |
JP2021501529A (ja) * | 2017-11-06 | 2021-01-14 | 東友ファインケム株式会社Dongwoo Fine−Chem Co., Ltd. | フィルムアンテナ及びそれを含むディスプレイ装置 |
JP2021044611A (ja) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-18 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 画像表示装置 |
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JP6421077B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-19 | 2018-11-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | アンテナの製造方法およびタッチセンサ |
KR102147336B1 (ko) * | 2018-01-23 | 2020-08-24 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 필름 안테나-회로 연결 구조체 및 이를 포함하는 디스플레이 장치 |
CN109449568B (zh) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-09-18 | 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 | 毫米波阵列天线及移动终端 |
JP2020065246A (ja) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-04-23 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 通信装置 |
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US11329685B2 (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2022-05-10 | Otter Products, Llc | Protective case for electronic device |
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KR102225521B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-03-08 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 터치 센서-안테나 구조체 및 이를 포함하는 화상 표시 장치 |
CN113498285B (zh) * | 2020-04-08 | 2023-02-17 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 壳体组件及其制备方法和电子设备 |
KR102180953B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-11-19 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 안테나 소자 |
JP2022029727A (ja) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-02-18 | 三菱電機株式会社 | アンテナ内蔵タッチスクリーンおよび表示装置 |
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- 2017-08-30 WO PCT/JP2017/031039 patent/WO2018055999A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2017-08-30 CN CN201780051873.7A patent/CN109661752A/zh active Pending
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JP7078718B2 (ja) | 2017-11-06 | 2022-05-31 | 東友ファインケム株式会社 | フィルムアンテナ及びそれを含むディスプレイ装置 |
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US20190165486A1 (en) | 2019-05-30 |
JPWO2018055999A1 (ja) | 2019-06-24 |
KR20190027929A (ko) | 2019-03-15 |
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