WO2018053202A1 - 1,3-fatty diol compounds and derivatives thereof - Google Patents

1,3-fatty diol compounds and derivatives thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018053202A1
WO2018053202A1 PCT/US2017/051664 US2017051664W WO2018053202A1 WO 2018053202 A1 WO2018053202 A1 WO 2018053202A1 US 2017051664 W US2017051664 W US 2017051664W WO 2018053202 A1 WO2018053202 A1 WO 2018053202A1
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Prior art keywords
diol
fatty
diols
exemplary embodiments
dodecene
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PCT/US2017/051664
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Haibo Wang
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Reg Life Sciences Llc
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Priority to BR112019004960-6A priority Critical patent/BR112019004960B1/pt
Priority to KR1020197010422A priority patent/KR102456406B1/ko
Application filed by Reg Life Sciences Llc filed Critical Reg Life Sciences Llc
Priority to CN201780063821.1A priority patent/CN109890783B/zh
Priority to KR1020227014152A priority patent/KR102457121B1/ko
Priority to CN202210606338.6A priority patent/CN114773160A/zh
Priority to CA3038266A priority patent/CA3038266A1/en
Priority to EP17772273.3A priority patent/EP3512825B1/en
Priority to AU2017325856A priority patent/AU2017325856B2/en
Priority to EP20189079.5A priority patent/EP3795576B1/en
Priority to MX2019002913A priority patent/MX2019002913A/es
Priority to KR1020237041014A priority patent/KR20230170107A/ko
Priority to EP23168842.5A priority patent/EP4223765A1/en
Priority to JP2019535222A priority patent/JP7058659B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227036018A priority patent/KR102608769B1/ko
Priority to MX2020013033A priority patent/MX2020013033A/es
Publication of WO2018053202A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018053202A1/en
Priority to AU2021232721A priority patent/AU2021232721A1/en
Priority to JP2022065450A priority patent/JP2022092019A/ja

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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07C33/02—Acyclic alcohols with carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C07C33/025—Acyclic alcohols with carbon-to-carbon double bonds with only one double bond
    • C07C33/035—Alkenediols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/047—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates having two or more hydroxy groups, e.g. sorbitol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7004—Monosaccharides having only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K8/06—Emulsions
    • A61K8/062—Oil-in-water emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A61K8/345—Alcohols containing more than one hydroxy group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/604—Alkylpolyglycosides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/17—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C31/18—Polyhydroxylic acyclic alcohols
    • C07C31/24—Tetrahydroxylic alcohols, e.g. pentaerythritol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/02—Preparation of ethers from oxiranes
    • C07C41/03—Preparation of ethers from oxiranes by reaction of oxirane rings with hydroxy groups
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
    • C07C41/20—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
    • C07C41/30—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by increasing the number of carbon atoms, e.g. by oligomerisation
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C43/02—Ethers
    • C07C43/03—Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C43/14—Unsaturated ethers
    • C07C43/178—Unsaturated ethers containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D319/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D319/04—1,3-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,3-dioxanes
    • C07D319/06—1,3-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,3-dioxanes not condensed with other rings
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
    • C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
    • C07H15/04—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical
    • C07H15/10—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical containing unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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    • C07B2200/09—Geometrical isomers

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates generally to the field of specialty chemicals suitable for use as components of industrial agents and processes, e.g., in the production of detergents and surfactants, as emulsifiers, emollients, and thickeners in cosmetics and foods, as industrial solvents and plasticizers, etc.
  • Fatty-alcohols particularly fatty-diols (or aliphatic diols) are amphipathic molecules having many commercial and industrial uses.
  • fatty alcohols find use as emollients and thickeners in cosmetics and foods and as industrial solvents, plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, building blocks of polymers, etc., (see e.g., H. Maag (1984) Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 61 (2): 259-267).
  • 1,3- fatty-diols are amphipathic molecules having many commercial and industrial uses.
  • fatty alcohols find use as emollients and thickeners in cosmetics and foods and as industrial solvents, plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, building blocks of polymers, etc.
  • 1,3 -fatty-diols are useful as lubricants, as linking molecules between other molecules e.g., example in the production of polymers.
  • 1,3-fatty diols are also useful as surfactants and as precursors to surfactants, for example, 1,3-fatty diols can be used to prepare "Gemini" surfactants in which both alcohol moieties are chemically modified (e.g., ethoxylated, glycosylated, sulfated, etc.).
  • Gemini surfactants or Gemini-like surfactants exhibit superior properties compared to those of analogous conventional surfactants (see, e.g., Gemini Surfactants: Synthesis, Interfacial and Solution-Phase Behavior, and Applications, Vol. 117, Zana, R.; Xia, J., Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 2004).
  • unsaturated fatty alcohols are produced by subjecting fatty acid methyl ester mixtures derived from oils such as e.g., sunflower, palm, palm kernel and coconut to high-pressure hydrogenation in the presence of chromium- and/or zinc-containing mixed oxide catalysts (see e.g., Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7 th Edition, Vol. 14: 117. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2011).
  • One aspect of the disclosure provides a 12-carbon, unbranched, unsaturated fatty- diol having a single ⁇ 5 double bond and having a hydroxy group at carbon number one (C-l) and having a hydroxy group at carbon number 3 (C-3), wherein a chiral center exists at C-3, and wherein the fatty-diol has a generic chemical formula according to Formula II.
  • the double bond is in (Z) configuration. In another exemplary embodiment, the double bond is in (E) configuration. In one exemplary embodiment, the chiral center at C-3 has an R configuration. In one exemplary embodiment, the chiral center at C-3 has an S configuration. In another exemplary embodiment, the double bond is in (Z) configuration and the chiral center at C-3 has an R configuration.
  • One aspect of the disclosure provides a 14-carbon, unbranched, unsaturated fatty- diol having a single ⁇ 7 double bond and having a hydroxy group at carbon number one (C-l) and having a hydroxy group at carbon number 3 (C-3), wherein a chiral center exists at C-3, and wherein the fatty-diol has a generic chemical formula according to Formula II ⁇ .
  • the double bond is in (Z) configuration. In another exemplary embodiment, the double bond is in (E) configuration. In one exemplary embodiment, the chiral center at C-3 has an R configuration. In one exemplary embodiment, the chiral center at C-3 has an S configuration. In another exemplary embodiment, the double bond is in (Z) configuration and the chiral center at C-3 has an R configuration.
  • One aspect of the disclosure provides a 16-carbon, unbranched, unsaturated fatty- diol having a single ⁇ 9 double bond and having a hydroxy group at carbon number one (C-l) and having a hydroxy group at carbon number 3 (C-3), wherein a chiral center exists at C-3, and wherein the fatty-diol has a chemical formula according to Formula IV
  • the double bond is in (Z) configuration. In another exemplary embodiment, the double bond is in (E) configuration. In one exemplary embodiment, the chiral center at C-3 has an R configuration. In one exemplary embodiment, the chiral center at C-3 has an S configuration. In another exemplary embodiment, the double bond is in (Z) configuration and the chiral center at C-3 has an R configuration.
  • One aspect of the disclosure provides a 1,3 -fatty-diol derivative having a chemical formula according to Formula V.
  • n is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, and wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a monosaccharide bound at an anomeric carbon of the monosaccharide, a disaccharide bound at an anomeric carbon of the disaccharide, a trisaccharide bound at an anomeric carbon, and a polysaccharide bound at an anomeric carbon.
  • R 1 and R 2 are not both H.
  • neither R nor R 2 are H.
  • the monosaccharide is selected from pentose sugars and hexose sugars.
  • the hexose sugar selected from allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose or talose In another exemplary embodiment, the disaccharide, the trisaccharide, and the polysaccharide comprise sugars selected from pentose sugars, hexose sugars or a mixture of any two or more thereof. In another exemplary embodiment, the hexose sugar selected from allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose, talose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof. In another exemplary embodiment, R 1 and R 2 are different monosaccharides. In another exemplary embodiment, R 1 and R 2 are the same monosaccharide. In another exemplary embodiment, the
  • the monosaccharide, the disaccharide, the trisaccharide, and the polysaccharide comprise a hexose sugar selected from allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose, talose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • the monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide, or polysaccharide comprises a sugar selected from furanose sugars, pyranose sugars, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • One aspect of the disclosure provides a 1,3-fatty-diol derivative having a chemical formula according to Formula VI.
  • m is an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 and wherein R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a monosaccharide bound at an anomeric carbon of the monosaccharide, a disaccharide bound at an anomeric carbon of the disaccharide, a trisaccharide bound at an anomeric carbon, and a polysaccharide bound at an anomeric carbon.
  • R 3 and R 4 are not both H.
  • neither R J nor R 4 are H.
  • the monosaccharide is selected from pentose sugars and hexose sugars.
  • the hexose sugar selected from allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose or talose.
  • the disaccharide, the trisaccharide, and the polysaccharide comprise sugars selected from pentose sugars, hexose sugars or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • R 3 and R 4 are different monosaccharides.
  • R J and R 4 are the same monosaccharide.
  • the monosaccharide, the disaccharide, the trisaccharide, and the polysaccharide comprise a hexose sugar selected from allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose, talose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • a hexose sugar selected from allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose, talose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • the monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide, or polysaccharide comprises a sugar selected from furanose sugars, pyranose sugars, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • FIG. 1A Illustrates schematically the fragment ions formed from fragmentation of 1,3-dodecane diol trimethylsilyl ether.
  • FIG.1B shows the experimental mass spectrum fragmentation pattern of 1,3-dodedcane diol trimethylsilyl ether. Note the distinguishing ions of 331 (MW-15), 229 and 219 for the saturated diol adducts.
  • FIG. 2A Illustrates schematically the fragment ions formed from fragmentation of 5-dodecene-l,3-diol trimethylsilyl ether. In the schematic illustration of the fragment ions, the double bond is shown as (E). However, the mixture is of both (Z) and (E).
  • FIG. 2B shows the experimental mass spectrum fragmentation pattern of 5- dodecene-l,3-diol trimethylsilyl ether. Note the distinguishing ions of the 329 (MW-15), 227, 219 for the unsaturated diol adducts.
  • Tautomers refers to isomeric form s of a compound that are in equilibrium with each other. The presence and concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment the compound is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether the compound is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution. For example, in aqueous solution, quinazolinones may exhibit the following isomeric forms, which are referred to as tautomers of each other:
  • guanidines may exhibit the following isomeric forms in protic organic solution, also referred to as tautomers of each other:
  • Stereoisomers of compounds include all chiral, diastereomeric, and racemic forms of a structure, unless the specific stereochemistry is expressly indicated.
  • compounds used in the present technology include enriched or resolved optical isomers at any or all asymmetric atoms as are apparent from the depictions.
  • racemic and diastereomeric mixtures, as well as the individual optical isomers can be isolated or synthesized so as to be substantially free of their enantiomeric or diastereomeric partners, and these stereoisomers are all within the scope of the present technology.
  • Geometric isomers can be represented by the symbol which denotes a bond that can be a single, double or triple bond as described herein.
  • various geometric isomers and mixtures thereof resulting from the arrangement of substituents around a carbon-carbon double bond are designated as being in the "Z” or ⁇ " configuration wherein the terms “Z” and “E” are used in accordance with IUPAC standards. Unless otherwise specified, structures depicting double bonds encompass both the "E” and "Z” isomers.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof is an isomer.
  • “Isomers” are different compounds that have the same molecular formula.
  • Stepoisomers are isomers that differ only in the way the atoms are arranged in space.
  • the term “isomer” includes any and all geometric isomers and stereoisomers.
  • “isomers” include cis- and trans-isomers, E- and Z-isomers, R- and S-enantiomers, diastereomers, (d)-isomers, (l)-isomers, racemic mixtures thereof, and other mixtures thereof, as falling within the scope of this disclosure.
  • Enantiomers are a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
  • a mixture of a pair of enantiomers in any proportion can be known as a “racemic” mixture.
  • the term “(+-)” is used to designate a racemic mixture where appropriate.
  • “Diastereoisomers” are stereoisomers that have at least two asymmetric atoms, but which are not mirror-images of each other. The absolute stereochemistry is specified according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog R-S system. When a compound is a pure enantiomer, the stereochemistry at each chiral carbon can be specified by either R or S.
  • Resolved compounds whose absolute configuration is unknown can be designated (+) or (-) depending on the direction (dextro- or levorotatory) which they rotate plane polarized light at the wavelength of the sodium D line.
  • Certain of the compounds described herein contain one or more asymmetric centers and can thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that can be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)-.
  • the present chemical entities, pharmaceutical compositions and methods are meant to include all such possible isomers, including racemic mixtures, optically pure forms and intermediate mixtures.
  • Optically active (R)- and (S)-isomers can be prepared, for example, using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques.
  • the optical activity of a compound can be analyzed via any suitable method, including but not limited to chiral chromatography and polarimetry, and the degree of predominance of one stereoisomer over the other isomer can be determined.
  • fatty-diol refers to aliphatic di-alcohols having a carbon chain length of at least 5 carbons which comprise two hydroxy (-OH) groups covalently bound to the carbon chain.
  • a "fatty diol” is a "1,3- fatty-diol”.
  • 1,3 -fatty diol refers to aliphatic di-alcohols having a carbon chain length of at least 8 carbons wherein the alcohol moieties are located at the first (C-l) and third carbons (C-3).
  • 1,3-fatty-diols may be saturated or unsaturated.
  • the expression “1 ,3-fatty-diol” refers to molecules having a structural formula as shown in Formula IA or Formula IB.
  • m is an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, and the C-3 carbon may be either an (R) or and (S) enantiomer.
  • n is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, the double bond may be in either the (Z) or the (E) configuration and the C-3 carbon may be either an (R) or and (S) enantiomer.
  • the 1,3 fatty- diol is 5-dodecene-l,3-diol. In other exemplary embodiments, the 1,3 fatty-diol is 9- hexadecene- 1 , 3 -diol .
  • a ⁇ 5 double bond which can be in either the (Z) or (E) configuration) and having a hydroxy group at carbon number one (C-l) and having a hydroxy group at carbon number 3 (C-3), wherein a chiral center exists at C-3 and the C-3 carbon may be either an (R) or and (S) enantiomer.
  • Such molecule has the generic structure shown in Formula II. (II)
  • a ⁇ 7 double bond which can be in either the (Z) or (E) configuration) and having a hydroxy group at carbon number one (C-l) and having a hydroxy group at carbon number 3 (C-3), wherein a chiral center exists at C-3 and the C-3 carbon may be either an (R) or and (S) enantiomer.
  • Such molecule has the generic structure shown in Formula III.
  • 9-hexadecene- 1,3-diol or equivalently "l,3-hexadec-9-enediol” or equivalently "9-hexadecen-l,3-diol” or equivalently "hexadec-9-ene-l,3-diol” as used herein, refers to a novel 16-carbon, unbranched, unsaturated 1,3-diol having a double bond between the number 9 and number 10 carbons (i.e.
  • a ⁇ 9 double bond which can be in either the (Z) or (E) configuration) and having a hydroxy group at carbon number one (C-l) and having a hydroxy group at carbon number 3 (C-3), wherein a chiral center exists at C-3 and the C-3 carbon may be either an (R) or and (S) enantiomer.
  • Such molecule has the generic structure shown in Formula IV.
  • polyol refers to compounds, typically fatty alcohols, which have more than one hydroxy group.
  • a polyol may have two hydroxy groups, three hydroxy groups, four hydroxy groups, etc.
  • a "polyol” that has two hydroxy groups is referred to herein as a "diol”
  • a "polyol” that has three hydroxy groups is referred to herein as a "triol”
  • a "polyol” that has four hydroxy groups is referred to herein as a "tetrol” and so on.
  • hydroxy group refers to a chemical functional group containing one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom (-OH).
  • EC number refers to a number that denotes a specific polypeptide sequence or enzyme. EC numbers classify enzymes according to the reaction they catalyze. EC numbers are established by the nomenclature committee of the international union of biochemistry and molecular biology (IUBMB), a description of which is available on the IUBMB enzyme nomenclature website on the world wide web.
  • IUBMB biochemistry and molecular biology
  • isolated refers to products that are separated from cellular components, cell culture media, or chemical or synthetic precursors.
  • the terms “purify,” “purified,” or “purification” mean the removal or isolation of a molecule from its environment by, for example, isolation or separation.
  • “Substantially purified” molecules are at least about 60% free (e.g., at least about 65% free, at least about 70% free, at least about 75% free, at least about 80% free, at least about 85% free, at least about 90% free, at least about 95% free, at least about 97% free, at least at least about 98% free, at least about 99% free) from other components with which they are associated. As used herein, these terms also refer to the removal of contaminants from a sample.
  • the removal of contaminants can result in an increase in the percentage of fatty diols in a sample.
  • the 1,3-diol when a 1,3-diol is produced in a recombinant host cell, the 1,3-diol can be purified by the removal of host cell proteins. After purification, the percentage of 1,3-diols in the sample is increased.
  • the terms "purify,” “purified,” and “purification” are relative terms which do not require absolute purity.
  • a purified 1,3-diol is a 1,3-diol that is substantially separated from other cellular components (e.g., nucleic acids, polypeptides, lipids, carbohydrates, or other hydrocarbons).
  • This disclosure utilizes routine techniques in the field of recombinant genetics.
  • Basic texts disclosing the general methods and terms in molecular biology and genetics include e.g., Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, a Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Press 4th edition (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. 2012); Current Protocols in Molecular Biology Volumes 1-3, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1994-1998).
  • This disclosure also utilizes routine techniques in the field of biochemistry.
  • Basic texts disclosing the general methods and terms in biochemistry include e.g., Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry sixth edition, David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox eds. W.H. Freeman (2012).
  • This disclosure also utilizes routine techniques in industrial fermentation.
  • 1,3-fatty-diols are particularly useful molecules.
  • the 3 -hydroxy moiety of 1,3-fatty-diols forms a chiral center at the third carbon (C-3) which makes 1,3- fatty-diols useful as synthons for the production of chirally important compounds such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, pesticides, herbicides, flavors, fragrances, solvents, bioactive compounds, etc.
  • the present disclosure provides novel unsaturated, unbranched 1,3-fatty-diols.
  • the novel unsaturated, unbranched 1,3-fatty-diol has the has the systematic name: 5-dodecene-l,3-diol or dodec-5-ene-l,3-diol.
  • the double bond is in (Z) configuration.
  • the double bond of 5-dodecene-l,3-diol is in (E) configuration.
  • 5-dodecene- 1,3-diol has the generic structural Formula II.
  • the chiral C-3 carbon may be either the (R) enantiomer or the (S) enantiomer.
  • the novel unsaturated, unbranched 1,3-fatty- diol has the has the systematic name: 7-hexadecene-l,3-diol or hexadec-7-ene-l,3-diol.
  • the double bond is in (Z) configuration. In other exemplary embodiments, the double bond is in (E) configuration. 7-hexadecene-l,3-diol has the generic structural Formula (III).
  • the chiral C-3 carbon may be either the (R) enantiomer or the (S) enantiomer.
  • the novel unsaturated, unbranched 1,3-fatty- diol has the has the systematic name: 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol or hexadec-9-ene-l,3-diol.
  • the double bond is in (Z) configuration. In other exemplary embodiments, the double bond is in (E) configuration.
  • 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol has the generic structural Formula (IV).
  • the chiral C-3 carbon may be either the (R) enantiomer or the (S) enantiomer.
  • All of the 1,3-fatty-diols disclosed herein comprise two alcohol groups, and a chiral center at the C-3 carbon. Additionally, the unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, also comprise a double bond. Thus, the 1,3-fatty-diols disclosed herein are able to undergo a wide array of chemical reactions to form a large variety of molecules. Thus, in addition to the value of any of the 1,3-fatty diols disclosed herein on their own e.g., as a surfactant. In exemplary embodiments, the 1,3-fatty diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, serve as building blocks for an unlimited number of unique and useful derivative molecules. a. Double bond
  • the unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, comprise a double bond.
  • the double bond can be either (Z) or (E).
  • the unsaturated 1,3-fatty- diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol
  • are able to participate in chemical reactions involving a double bond including e.g., polymerization, alkylation, metathesis, etc.
  • Chemical reactions utilizing the carbon-carbon double bond are known in the art ⁇ see e.g., Practical Synthetic Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Principles, and Techniques, Stephane Caron ed. (supra)).
  • the carbon-carbon double bond of the unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc., participates in addition reactions.
  • exemplary addition reactions include e.g.,
  • the carbon-carbon double bond of an unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diol disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc., participates in hydrogenation reactions, thus forming the corresponding alkane.
  • the carbon-carbon double bond of an unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diol disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l ,3-diol, etc., participates in hydration reactions to add water across the double bond, thereby yielding a polyol.
  • the carbon-carbon double bond of an unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diol disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc., participates in polymerization reactions to yield polymers of high industrial value e.g, unique plastics.
  • an unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diol disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc.
  • participates in polymerization reactions to yield polymers of high industrial value e.g, unique plastics.
  • All of the 1,3-fatty-diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene- 1,3-diol, etc., comprise two hydroxyl functional groups which are available for chemical reactions.
  • 1,3-fatty-diols As is generally known in the art, the chemistry of diols is much the same as that of alcohols (see e.g., Organic Chemistry ninth edition Francis Carey and Robert Giuliano (2013) supra). Thus, because of the polar nature of the -OH bond the 1,3-fatty-diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc., readily form hydrogen bonds with other 1,3-fatty-diol molecules or other hydrogen-bonding systems (e.g. water). Thus, 1,3-fatty diols generally have relatively high melting and boiling points by comparison with analogous alkanes and relatively high solubility in aqueous media.
  • the hydroxyl functional groups may participate in the large number of chemical reactions characteristic of hydroxyl groups.
  • the hydroxyl functional groups of the 1,3-fatty-diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc., participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions wherein the hydroxyl acts as a leaving group or where -OH or -O- functions as a nucleophile e.g., substitution with a halide.
  • the hydroxyl functional groups of the 1 ,3-fatty- diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc., participate in nucleophilic addition reactions wherein the hydroxyl group acts as the nucleophile thereby forming acetals with aldehydes or ketones.
  • nucleophilic addition reactions include e.g., glycosylation reactions, which are discussed in more detail herein below.
  • the hydroxyl functional groups of the 1,3- fatty-diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc., participate in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions wherein the hydroxyl group acts as the nucleophile to form esters with carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives e.g., nucleophilic acyl substitution of 5-dodecene-l,3-diol with fatty acids to form e.g., fatty esters.
  • the hydroxyl functional groups of the 1,3- fatty-diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l ,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc., participate in elimination reactions wherein the hydroxyl group is removed as water and a carbon double bond (alkene) is formed.
  • the resulting carbonyl compound may be an aldehyde, a ketone, or a carboxylic acid depending on the the oxidizing agent used (see e.g., Organic Chemistry 9th Edition, Francis Carey and Robert Giuliano (2013) supra).
  • the multiple hydroxyl functional groups of the 1,3-fatty-diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc.
  • Some exemplary hydroxyl derivatives of the 1,3-fatty-diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene- 1,3-diol, etc., are discussed below.
  • Chiral molecules such as e.g., 1,3-fatty-diols e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, which has a chiral center at the C-3 carbon are building blocks for the synthesis of compounds e.g., pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, etc., which are affected by stereochemistry. Since most isomers of chiral drugs exhibit marked differences in biological activities such as e.g., pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, biorecognition, metabolism, etc., chirality is an important property to consider e.g., in drug design. Indeed, selecting the appropriate enantiomer can have profound effect on the biological properties of a molecule.
  • the hydroxyl functional groups of the 1,3-fatty- diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc., are used to prepare non-ionic surfactants.
  • the hydroxyl functional groups of the 1,3-fatty- diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc.
  • the hydroxyl moieties of the 1,3-fatty-diols disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol are available for reaction with sugars to provide alkyl polyglycosides.
  • Alkyl poyglycosides are a class of non-ionic surfactants derived from sugars and fatty alcohols and are well known in the art (see e.g., Alkyl Polyglycosides: Technology, Properties, Applications, Karlheinz Hill; Wolfgang von Rybinski; Gerhard Stoll, eds. Wiley (2008); Novel Surfactants: Preparation Applications And Biodegradability, Surfactant Science Series.
  • a 1,3-fatty-diol as disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol
  • a 1,3-fatty-diol as disclosed herein e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol
  • alkyl polyglycosides When derived from glucose, alkyl polyglycosides are referred to as alkyl polyglucosides.
  • a 1,3-fatty-diol as disclosed herein e.g., 5- dodecene-l,3-diol, 9-hexadecene-l,3-diol, etc.
  • alkyl polyglucosides are known in the art (see e.g., Nonionic Surfactants: Alkyl Polyglucosides. Surfactant Sci ence Series. Volume 91 Dieter Balzer and Harald Luders, eds. Marcel Dekker: New York and Basel, Switzerland. 2000; Rather and Mishra: ⁇ - Glycosidases: An alternative enzyme based method for synthesis of alkyl-glycosides.
  • Alkyl polyglycosides may be prepared by any method known in the art.
  • Exemplary methods suitable for the preparation of glycosylated molecules as disclosed herein include e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,763, U.S. Pat. No. 3,547,828, U.S. Pat. No. 3,839,318; Boge, K., Tietze, L. "Synthesis of alkyl polyglycosides: Effect of catalyst-type on reaction rate and product composition” Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Tech. (1998) 100, 38-41; Rybinski, W., Hill, K. "Alkyl Polyglycosides - Properties and Applications of a new Class of Surfactants” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  • Glycosphingolipids Thesis, Georgia State University, 2015.
  • the present disclosure provides an
  • alkylpolyglycoside having a general formula according to Formula V and/or Formula VI.
  • n is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, the double bond may be in either the (Z) or the (E) configuration and the C-3 carbon may be either an (R) or an (S) enantiomer.
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently H, a
  • R 1 and R 2 cannot both be H. In other exemplary embodiments, neither R nor R 2 are H.
  • the monosaccharide is selected from pentose sugars and hexose sugars.
  • the hexose sugar selected from allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose or talose. In other exemplary
  • the disaccharide, the trisaccharide, and/or the polysaccharide comprise sugars selected from pentose sugars, hexose sugars or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • the hexose sugar selected from allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose, talose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 are different monosaccharides. In other exemplary embodiments, R 1 and R 2 are the same monosaccharide.
  • the trisaccharide, and/or the polysaccharide comprise a hexose sugar selected from allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose, talose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • the monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide, or polysaccharide comprises a sugar selected from furanose sugars, pyranose sugars, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • m is an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 and the C-3 carbon may be either an (R) or an (S) enantiomer.
  • R 3 and R 4 are each independently H, a
  • R 3 and R 4 cannot both be H. In other exemplary embodiments neither R nor R 4 are H.
  • the monosaccharide is selected from pentose sugars and hexose sugars.
  • the disaccharide, the trisaccharide, and/or the polysaccharide comprise sugars selected from pentose sugars, hexose sugars or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • R' and R 4 are different monosaccharides.
  • R 3 and R 4 are the same monosaccharide.
  • the trisaccharide, and/or the polysaccharide comprise a sugar selected from allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose, talose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • the monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide, or polysaccharide comprises a sugar selected from furanose sugars, pyranose sugars, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • the anomeric carbon of the saccharide (here, a monosaccharide) is indicated by the open arrow.
  • a glucose disaccharide includes those illustrated in the following two Schemes:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and/or R 4 when R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and/or R 4 is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, tri saccharide, and/or polysaccharide, R 1 , R 2 , R J , and/or R 4 may be bound via a a-glycosidic bond or a ⁇ -glycosidic bond.
  • the disaccharide, tri saccharide, and/or polysaccharide may be saccharides that include an a-glycosidic linkage, a ⁇ -glycosidic linkage, or (for trisaccharides and/or polysaccharides) mixtures thereof.
  • the monosaccharide is selected from pentose sugars and hexose sugars.
  • the disaccharide, the tri saccharide, and/or the polysaccharide comprise sugars selected from pentose sugars, hexose sugars or a mixture thereof.
  • R 3 and R 4 are different monosaccharides. In other exemplary embodiments, R 3 and R 4 are the same monosaccharide.
  • the monosaccharide, the disacchaiide, the trisaccharide, and/or the polysaccharide comprise a sugar selected from allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose, talose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • the monosaccharide, disacchaiide, trisaccharide, or polysaccharide comprises a sugar selected from furanose sugars, pyranose sugars, or a mixture thereof.
  • the monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide, or polysaccharide may comprise pentose sugars, hexose sugars, or (when R 1 and R 2 or R 3 and R 4 are different monosaccharides and/or for any one or more disaccharide, trisaccharide, or polysaccharide) a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • the monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisacchari de, or polysaccharide of any embodiment herein may compri se allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose, talose, or (when R 1 and R 2 or R 3 and R 4 are different monosaccharides and/or for any one or more disaccharide, trisaccharide, or polysaccharide) a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • the monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide, or polysaccharide may comprise furanose sugards, pyranose sugars, or (when R 1 and R 2 or R J and R 4 are different monosaccharides and/or for any one or more disaccharide, trisaccharide, or polysaccharide) a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 or R J and R 4 are different monosaccharides and/or for any one or more disaccharide, trisaccharide, or polysaccharide
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 may each independently be H
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 may each independently include allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, iodose, galactose, talose, or (when any two or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are different monosaccharides and/or for any one or more disaccharide, tri saccharide, or polysaccharide) a mixture of any two or more thereof, in any embodiment herein, when R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and/or R 5 is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide, and/or polysaccharide as indicated above, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and/or R 5 may be bound via a a- glycosidic bond or a
  • the disaccharide, trisaccharide, and/or polysaccharide of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and/or R 5 indicated in the structural formulas above may be saccharides that include a-glycosidic linkages, ⁇ -glycosidic linkages, or (for trisaccharides and/or polysaccharides) mixtures of any two or more thereof a.
  • Alkyl polyglycosides are particularly useful molecules which may be
  • alkyl polyglycosides find use e.g., as emulsifiers, emollients, and thickeners in cosmetics and foods, in agricultural formulations e.g., in pesticide formulations to deliver active ingredients to a target e.g., waxy surface of leaves, as industrial solvents, in the oil and gas industries to enhance oil recovery, as plasticizers, as surfactants and detergents and in the production of surfactants and detergents, etc.
  • Alkyl polyglycoside surfactants are particularly valued in that they enjoy advantages over other surfactants with regard dermatological properties, compatibility with standard products, as well as a favorable environmental profile. Thus, they are widely used in a variety of household and industrial applications e.g., in pharmaceuticals, for solubilization of hydrophobic drugs in aqueous media, as components of emulsion or surfactant self- assembly vehicles for oral and transdermal drug delivery, as plasticizers in semisolid delivery systems, as agents to improve drug absorption and penetration, etc.
  • alkyl polyglycosides are incorporated in personal care products as a bio-based ingredient that is e.g., less irritating to the skin than other surfactants and solubilizing agents with reduced toxicological profiles.
  • a personal care composition that comprises a compound as disclosed herein and a cosmetically acceptable carrier.
  • the personal care product is a skin care composition.
  • Skin care compositions are known in the art see e.g., Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products, Zoe Diana Draelos, Lauren A. Thaman, eds. CRC Press (2005).
  • the cosmetically acceptable carrier in the personal care composition is selected from the group consisting of water, emollients, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, thickeners, and combinations thereof.
  • the personal care composition comprises water at a concentration that is between about 40 weight percent (wt%) to about 96 wt%.
  • personal care composition comprises an emollient selected from the group consisting of silicone oils, natural or synthetic esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, fatty acids, and combinations thereof.
  • the emollients are present in a concentration that is between about 0.1 wt% to about 60 wt% of the personal care composition. In other exemplary embodiments the emollients are present in a concentration that is between about 30 wt% to about 50 wt%.
  • personal care composition comprises silicone oils.
  • Silicone oils may be divided into the volatile and nonvolatile variety.
  • volatile refers to those materials which have a measurable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
  • Volatile silicone oils are preferably chosen from cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes (cyclomethicones) or linear polydimethylsiloxanes containing from 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8, or 9 silicon atoms, preferably from 5 to 6 silicon atoms.
  • Nonvolatile silicone oils include polyalkyl siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, and polyether siloxane copolymers.
  • Nonvolatile polyalkyl siloxanes useful herein include, for example, polydimethyl siloxanes with viscosities from about 5 x 10-6 m 2 /s to about 0.1 m 2 /s at 25°C, preferably from about 1 x 10-5 m 2 /s to about 4 X 10-4 m 2 /s at 25°C.
  • Other classes of nonvolatile silicones are emulsifying and non- emulsifying silicone elastomers, such as DimethiconeNinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer (available as Dow Corning 9040, General Electric SFE 839, and Shin-Etsu KSG-18). Silicone waxes, such as Silwax WS-L (Dimethicone Copolyol Laurate), may also be included in any one of the embodiments of the personal care compositions described herein.
  • personal care composition comprises ester emollients.
  • the ester emollient is an alkyl ester of saturated fatty acids having 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • the alklester is a member selected from the group consisting of behenyl neopentanoate, isononyl isonanonoate, isopropyl myristate and octyl stearate.
  • personal care composition comprises ether- esters (such as fatty acid esters) of ethoxylated saturated fatty alcohols.
  • the personal care composition comprises polyhydric alcohol esters, such as ethylene glycol mono and di-fatty acid esters, diethylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol (200-6000) mono- and di-fatty acid esters, propylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, polypropylene glycol 2000 monostearate, ethoxylated propylene glycol monostearate, glyceryl mono- and di-fatty acid esters, polyglycerol poly-fatty esters, ethoxylated glyceryl mono-stearate, 1,3 -butyl ene glycol monostearate, 1,3-butylene glycol distearate, polyoxyethylene polyol fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters are satisfactory polyhydric alcohol esters.
  • the polyhydric alcohol ester is selected from the group consisting of pentaery
  • personal care composition comprises waxesters such as beeswax, spermaceti wax and tribehenin wax.
  • personal care composition comprises sugar esters of fatty acids, such as e.g., sucrose polybehenate and sucrose polycottonseedate.
  • the personal care composition comprises natural ester emollients.
  • Natural ester emollients principally are based upon mono-, di- and triglycerides. Representative examples include sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, borage oil, borage seed oil, primrose oil, castor and hydrogenated castor oils, rice bran oil, soybean oil, olive oil, saffiower oil, shea butter, jojoba oil and combinations of any two or more thereof.
  • Animal-derived emollients include, for example, lanolin oil and lanolin derivatives.
  • the amount of the natural ester is present in a concentration that is in a range that is between about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt% of the personal care composition.
  • the personal care composition comprises hydrocarbons.
  • Hydrocarbons which are suitable cosmetically acceptable carriers include e.g., petrolatum, mineral oil, C8-C30 n-alkanes, C8-C30 n-alkenes, C11-C13 isoparaffins, polybutenes, and especially isohexadecane (available commercially as Permethyl 101A from Presperse Inc.).
  • the personal care composition comprises fatty acids.
  • fatty acids having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms are provided as cosmetically acceptable carriers.
  • fatty acids having 10 to 30 carbon atoms are provided as cosmetically acceptable carriers.
  • fatty acids having 8 to 24 carbon atoms are provided as cosmetically acceptable carriers.
  • fatty acids having 6 to 24 carbon atoms are provided as cosmetically acceptable carriers.
  • Some exemplary 1-30 carbon fatty acids include pelargonic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, isostearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, hydroxystearic and behenic acids, and mixtures of any two or more thereof.
  • Fatty alcohols having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms are another useful category of cosmetically acceptable carrier. Illustrative of this category are stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, and mixtures of any two or more thereof.
  • the personal care composition comprises thickeners.
  • thickeners include crosslinked acrylates (e.g., Carbopol 982®), hydrophobically-modified acrylates (e.g., Carbopol 1382®), polyacrylamides (e.g., Sepigel 305®), acryloylmethylpropane sulfonic acid/salt polymers and copolymers (e.g., Aristoflex HMB® and AVC®), cellulosic derivatives, natural gums, and combinations of any two or more thereof.
  • crosslinked acrylates e.g., Carbopol 982®
  • hydrophobically-modified acrylates e.g., Carbopol 1382®
  • polyacrylamides e.g., Sepigel 305®
  • acryloylmethylpropane sulfonic acid/salt polymers and copolymers e.g., Aristoflex HMB® and AVC®
  • cellulosic derivatives are sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methocellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, and combinations of any two or more thereof.
  • Natural gums include, but are not limited to, guar, xanthan, sclerotium, carrageenan, pectin, and combinations of any two or more thereof.
  • Inorganics may also be utilized as thickeners, particularly clays such as bentonites and hectorites, fumed silicas, talc, calcium carbonate and silicates such as magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum®), as well as combinations of any two or more of these organics.
  • Amounts of the thickener may range from about 0.0001 wt% to about 10 wt%, preferably about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, and optimally may be from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the personal care
  • the personal care composition comprises humectants.
  • humectants of the polyhydric alcohol-type are employed as cosmetically acceptable carriers.
  • Exemplary polyhydric alcohols include, e.g., glycerol, polyalkylene glycols (more preferably alkylene polyols and their derivatives, including propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and derivatives thereof), sorbitol, hydroxypropyl sorbitol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, isoprene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, ethoxylated glycerol, propoxylated glycerol, and mixtures thereof.
  • the amount of humectant is present in a concentration that is between about 0.5 wt% to about 50 wt3 ⁇ 4 of the personal care
  • the amount of humectant present in the personal care composition is between about 0.5 wt% to about 50 wt%. In some exemplar ⁇ 1 ' embodiments, when a humectant is included, it is included in an am ount of that is between about 1 wt% and 15 wt% of the personal care composition.
  • skin moisturizers are included as a cosmetically acceptable carrier.
  • hyaluronic acid and/or its precursor N- acetyl glucosamine are included as a cosmetically acceptable carrier.
  • N-acetyl glucosamine is derived from shark cartilage or shitake mushrooms and are available commercially from Maypro Industries, Inc (New York).
  • the skin moisturizers are included as a cosmetically acceptable carrier are hydroxypropyl tri(Cl-C3 alkyl)ammonium salts.
  • hydroxypropyl tri(Cl-C3 alkyl)ammonium salts are obtained from synthetic procedures, e.g., from hydrolysis of chlorohydroxypropyl tri(Cl-C3 alkyl)ammonium salts.
  • moisturizing agents especially when used in conjunction with the aforementioned ammonium salts, include e.g., substituted ureas such as hydroxymethyl urea, hydroxyethyl urea, hydroxypropyl urea; bis(hydroxymethyl) urea; bis(hydroxyethyl) urea; bis(hydroxypropyl) urea; ⁇ , ⁇ '-dihydroxymethyl urea; N,N'-di-hydroxyethyl urea; ⁇ , ⁇ '-di- hydroxypropyl urea; N,N,N'-tri-hydroxyethyl urea; tetra(hydroxymethyl) urea;
  • substituted ureas such as hydroxymethyl urea, hydroxyethyl urea, hydroxypropyl urea; bis(hydroxymethyl) urea; bis(hydroxyethyl) urea; bis(hydroxypropyl) urea; ⁇ , ⁇ '-dihydroxymethyl urea;
  • tetra(hydroxyethyl) urea tetra(hydroxypropyl urea; N-methyl-N'-hydroxy ethyl urea; N-ethyl- N' -hydroxyethyl urea; N-hydroxypropyl-N' -hydroxyethyl urea, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethyl-N- hydroxyethyl urea.
  • personal care composition comprises has a pH of between about 4 to about 8.
  • the pH of the personal care composition is about 4, about 4.5, about 5, about 5.5, about 6, about 6.5, about 7, about 7.5, about 8, or any range including and between any two of these values.
  • the pH of the personal care composition is between about 5 to about 7.
  • the pH of the personal care composition is between about 5 to about 6.
  • personal care composition comprises inorganic sunscreen.
  • the amount of inorganic sunscreen is present at a concentration that is between about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% of the personal care composition.
  • Inorganic suncreens are well known in the art and include, but are not limited to, zinc oxide, iron oxide, silica (e.g., fumed silica), and titanium dioxide.
  • personal care composition comprises a cosmetic benefit ingredient.
  • cosmetic benefit ingredients include, but are not limited to, skin lightening ingredients, retinoids, herbal extracts, anti-fungal agents, resveratrol, alpha- lipoic acid, ellagic acid, kinetin, retinoxytrimethylsilane, ceramides, pseudoceramides, colorants, opacifiers, abrasives, and combinations thereof.
  • the hydroxyl moieties of 5-dodecene-l,3-diol are available for ethoxylation to prepare novel alcohol ethoxylates, ethoxysulfates, propoxylates and butoxylates, fatty alcohol polyglycolethers, etc.
  • Alcohol ethoxylates are known in the art (see e.g., U.S. Patent 4,223,163; Surfactants. In Elvers, Barbara, et al. Ullmann's
  • Fatty alcohol ethoxylates were the first nonionic surfactants to be manufactured in technical scale. They are used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products such as e.g., detergents, cleaners, etc.
  • the hydroxyl functional groups of 5-dodecene- 1,3-diol are used to prepare polyurethanes.
  • the alcohol groups of 5-dodecene-l,3-diol are prevented from reacting themselves at the epoxy ring by protecting group chemistry such as acetyl groups, as known in the art ⁇ see e.g., Practical Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stephane Caron ed. (201 1) supra; Organic Chemistry, 9 th Edition, Carey and Giuliano (2013) supra) and as shown e.g., in Formula VIII
  • water is used to ring- open the epoxy ring on the derivatized 5-dodecene-l,3-diol thereby leading to a tetraol, as shown e.g., in Formula ⁇ .
  • a hydrogen reactant is used to open the epoxy ring thereby leading to a triol, as shown e.g., in Formula X
  • the use of a selective ring-opening with hydrogen to the dodecane-l,3,6-triol is preferred.
  • Epoxide chemistry is vast and widely used, and other diols, alcohols, and functionalized moieties may be reacted at this site (Y. Li et al., Bio-based Polyols and Polyur ethanes. Springer Briefs in Green Chemistry for Sustainability, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-21539-6 2).
  • Using alcohol groups on the 5-dodecene-l,3-diol to ring-open at the epoxy provides branched polyols that have higher viscosity than the original 5-dodecene-l,3-diol.
  • High viscosity polyols are useful in applications such as e.g., oil exploration and recovery, paints and coatings, and personal care.
  • polyols produced from 5-dodecene-l,3-diol are further derivatized, for example by co-polymerizing with ethylene oxide, thereby providing polyether polyols.
  • the resulting polyether polyols may be used as-is in various applications, e.g., as building blocks of polyurethanes.
  • a 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, associated triol or tetraol as disclosed herein, or associated branched or other polyols produced using 5-dodecene-l,3-diol as disclosed herein may proceed in standard chemistries with isocyanate compounds to form polyurethanes. These reactions may be promoted by ultraviolet light or by catalysts such as e.g., dibutyltin dilaurate or bismuth octanoate by methods known in the art (see e.g., Y. Li et al., Bio-based Polyols and Polyurethanes, Springer Briefs in Green Chemistry for
  • isocyanates ranging from linear to aromatic
  • techniques for preparing the polymer may or may not go through a pre-polymer phase, for instance prepping the diol, triol, or polyols with isocyanate groups (see e.g., U.S. Patent 4,532,316).
  • carbamates are used as intermediates for the synthesis of isocyanates as well as for direct conversions with diols to prepare non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs; see e.g., Maisonneuve, L. et al. (2015) Chem. Rev. 115: 12407- 12439).
  • NIPUs non-isocyanate polyurethanes
  • Non-isocyanate polyurethanes are particularly useful to the world because they allow the performance and properties of polyurethanes, used in such diverse applications from construction materials to medical devices, to be produced without the use of
  • 5-dodecene-l,3-diol may be used as a diol, or converted to a polyol as discussed above, and used in reactions with a wide variety of carbamates (see e.g., Rokocki, G, et al. Polym. Adv. Technol. 26, 707-761, 2015).
  • the 1,3-diol arrangement in the 5-dodecene-l,3-diol has the advantage over 1,2-diols in that there is less steric hindrance by the alcohol reaction centers.
  • hydroxyl moieties of 5-dodecene-l,3-diol are available for reaction with dimethyl carbonate or carbon dioxide to prepare a 6-membered cyclic carbonate ring that is subsequently reacted with a primary amine to provide novel "non-isocyanate" polyurethanes (NIPUs).
  • the carbonate is useful for further reaction to MPUs if it is double-ended, that is, if it is first reacted with itself in a cross-linked or a metathesis reaction to give two ends for which to continue a polymer chain; this may be done before or after the carbonate structure has been formed.
  • the branched polyol in Formula XII may also be converted to a 2- carbonate polymer building block, e.g., Formula ⁇ II ⁇ .
  • Exemplary catalysts that may be used to create carbonate derivatives from 5- dodecene-l,3-diol, or a tetraol produced from 5-dodecene-l ,3-diol include e.g., 1,5,7- triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene with dimethyl carbonate (Mutlu et al, Green Chem., 2012); various imidazolium or thiazolium carbene catalysts in the presence of cesium carbonate, dibromomethane, and C0 2 at atmospheric pressure (Bobbink et al, Chem. Commun., 2016); and Ce0 2 with 2-cyanopyridine in the presence of C0 2 (Honda et. al, ACS Catal., 2014).
  • a 6-membered cyclic carbonate from a 1,3-diol moiety such as those produced from 5 -dodecene- 1,3-diol has a 30x reactivity versus a 5-membered cyclic carbonate from a 1,2-diol moiety and is thus preferable in use (Maisonneuve et al, Chem. Rev., 2015, supra).
  • a metathesis reaction is driven under vacuum to pull the internal olefin side product away.
  • the metathesis reaction is performed before the carbonate is formed, that is diol to tetraol, see Formula XIV.
  • Formula XIV as a polyol has applications as discussed above.
  • the carbonate may be produced from the diol first, then self- metathesized to the double-ended carbonate. That is, 6-membered cyclic carbonate molecule produced from the 5-dodecene- 1,3-diol is then self-metathesized to a molecule with two 6- membered cyclic carbonates, thus providing a molecule of see Formula XV.
  • the metathesis reaction may lead to a mixture of cis and trans double bonds.
  • 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, or related 6-membered cyclic carbonate is first reacted in an ethylene metathesis to form the terminal alkene counterparts, shown in below.
  • the 1,3-diol structure has less steric hindrance than, for instance, a 1,2-diol of analogous chain length, aiding in polymer formation.
  • Chemistries for forming polyesters have been studied for over 100 years, and are well known in the art.
  • Exemplary chemistries include, but are not limited to, reactions catalyzed by heat and acid; lipase enzyme catalyzed polycondensation; the use of scandium triflates as catalysts, etc ⁇ see e.g., Diaz, A.et al., Macromolecules 2005, 38, 1048-1050).
  • 5-dodecene-l,3-diol is reacted with diacids such as e.g., adipic acid to form "bushy" polyesters, such as e.g., the molecule shown below as Formula XIX, where n is an integer from 1-1000.
  • the "bushy" character of the polyester structure compared to, for instance, a polyester produced with alpha-omega diols (1,2-diols), will have less crystallinity and improved performance in micelle formation in surfactants as well as lending hydrophobicity in other polymer applications.
  • the structure of the 5-dodecene-l,3-diol functions to influence crystallinity e.g., promoting less crystallinity, and Glass Transition Temperature (Tg); polymer phase interactions; extruding properties; and solubility and surface interactions with water, solvents, and complex formulations.
  • Tg Glass Transition Temperature
  • 5-dodecene-l,3-diol is used as an additive to increase hydrophobicity and give a plasticizer effect.
  • 5-dodecene-l,3-diol is used in a concentration of between about 0.001% to about 45% of diol or polyols species, to impact the structure of known polyesters.
  • 5-dodecene-l,3-diol is incorporated into polybutyrate, a copolyester of adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol and dimethyl terephthalate, in lower percentage than the main monomers, to provide a molecule such as e.g., that shown below as Formula XX, where m and n are each independently integers from 1-1000.
  • 5-dodecene-l,3-diol can be made by any method known in the art.
  • unsaturated fatty alcohols are difficult to produce from petroleum. Rather, unsaturated fatty alcohols are typically produced from processing of non-petroleum sources such as fats and oils of plant and animal origin ⁇ see e.g., E. F. Hill, et al. (1954) Ind. Eng. Chem., 46 (9): 1917-1921). Such processes are cumbersome, can be polluting and typically produce only a limited variety of unsaturated fatty alcohol products.
  • 5-dodecene-l ,3-diol is made using biological methods as disclosed e.g., in WO 2016/011430 Al and as disclosed in detail in Example 1 herein below.
  • preparation of 5-dodecene-l,3-diol may be carried out in recombinant host cells e.g., bacterial cells engineered to produce 1,3-diols by utilizing nucleic acids and their corresponding polypeptides of enzymatic function in order to modify enzymatic pathways for the in vivo production of desirable compounds such as e.g., 5-dodecene-l ,3- diol.
  • the enzymatic polypeptides are identified herein below by Enzyme Accession
  • WO 2016/011430 Al discloses enzymatic pathways that are engineered to produce 1,3-diols.
  • An exemplary pathway for the production of 5-dodecene-l,3-diol utilizes a 3' hydroxy acyl carrier protein (ACP) carrying an acyl intermediate ⁇ e.g., acyl-ACP or a 3- hydroxy acyl-ACP) which is converted to a 1,3-diol by way of a 3' hydroxy fatty acid (3'- OH FA) and a 3 ' hydroxy fatty aldehyde (3'-OH fatty aldehyde) as intermediates.
  • ACP 3' hydroxy acyl carrier protein
  • a simple carbon source such as glucose is first converted to a 3' hydroxy acyl-ACP by the microbial organism ⁇ e.g., Escherichia, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, etc).
  • the acyl-ACP or 3' hydroxy acyl-ACP that initiates the engineered enzymatic pathway is produced by the native pathway of the microbial organism.
  • the 3' hydroxy acyl-ACP is converted to an intermediate such as 3' -OH FA by an enzyme that has thioesterase (TE) activity (EC 3.1.2.- or EC 3.1. 2.14 or EC 3.1.1.5).
  • the intermediate 3 ' -OH FA is then converted to another intermediate such as 3' OH aldehyde by an enzyme that has carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) activity (E.C. 1.2.99.6).
  • CAR carboxylic acid reductase
  • An enzyme that has alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) or aldehyde reductase (AR) activity (E.C. 1.1.1.1 or E.C. 1.1.1.2) then converts the 3 ' OH aldehyde into a 1,3-diol.
  • the 3 ' hydroxy acyl-ACP is converted to an intermediate such as 3'-OH fatty aldehyde by an enzyme that has acyl-ACP reductase (AAR, E.C.
  • fatty alcohols and/or fatty aldehydes by AAR may be enhanced through the heterologous expression of a gene called accABCD which codes for an acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
  • An enzyme that has alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) or aldehyde reductase (AR) activity (E.C. 1.1.1.1 or E.C. 1.1.1.2) can then convert the 3 ' -OH aldehyde into a fatty diol such as a 1,3-diol.
  • the present disclosure provides recombinant microorganisms that can efficiently and selectively produce 1,3-fatty-diols e.g., 5-dodecene- 1,3-diol, in vivo.
  • 1,3-fatty-diols e.g., 5-dodecene- 1,3-diol
  • the heterologous expression of AR and ADH may not be required for the production of fatty alcohols and diols, but they may improve the efficiency with which fatty diols are produced.
  • saturated and unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diols are produced.
  • Exemplary 1,3-fatty-diols include, e.g., C 5 1,3 fatty-diols ⁇ e.g., 1,3- pentanediol); C 6 1,3 fatty-diols ⁇ e.g., 1,3-hexanediol); C 7 1,3 fatty-diols ⁇ e.g., 1,3- heptanediol); C 8 1,3 fatty-diols ⁇ e.g., 1 ,3-octanediol); C9 1,3 fatty-diols ⁇ e.g., 1 ,3-nonanediol); C 10 1,3 fatty-diols ⁇ e.g., 1,3-decanediol); C 11 1,3 fatty-diols ⁇
  • unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diols produced utilizing microbes as disclosed hereinabove carry the double bond in (Z) configuration.
  • chirality can be a useful molecular attribute in defining molecular applications including, e.g., polymer performance, bioactivity, pharmaceutical potency, and the like.
  • the stereoisomer of a 1,3-fatty-diol that is produced by a microorganism depends on the selectivity of the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (FAS) from which it is produced.
  • FOS fatty acid biosynthesis pathway
  • the native E. coli FAS is exploited to produce the (R) enantiomer of an unsaturated-l,3-fatty-diol e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol.
  • the chiral center of the unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diol is created by the activity of by 3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase, an enzyme encoded by the FabG gene in E. coli.
  • the activity of 3- ketoacyl-ACP reductase produces (R)-3-hydroxyl acyl ACP which can then enter the engineered enzymatic pathway(s) discussed above in Section II a.
  • the beta-oxidation pathway is exploited to produce the (S) enantiomer of an unsaturated 1 ,3-fatty-diol e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol.
  • the (S) enantiomer of the unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diol is prepared by causing an accumulation of (S)-3 -hydroxy acyl CoA which is an intermediate in the degradation of fatty acids through the beta-oxidation pathway.
  • the excess (S)-3-hydroxy-acyl CoA is then converted to the (S) enantiomer of the unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diol through the action of fatty alcohol forming polypeptides.
  • (S)-3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA is then further oxidized to 3-keto-acyl-CoA by 3-keto-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, a reaction also catalyzed by FadB in E. coli (and homologs in other microorganisms).
  • the resulting 3-keto-acyl-CoA is thiolyzed to acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA by 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, a reaction catalyzed by FadA in E. coli (and homologs in other microorganisms).
  • accumulation of (S)-3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA is caused by selectively blocking the dehydrogenase activity of 3-keto-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (FadB) to prevent the oxidation of (S)-3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA to 3-keto-acyl-CoA.
  • selective blocking of the (S)-3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity of FadB is achieved by mutation of Histidine 450 in the E. coli FadB gene ⁇ see e.g., He XY and Yang SY (1996) Biochemistry 35(29):9625-9630).
  • (S)-3-hydroxy-acyl CoA accumulated in the cell is then converted to the (S) enantiomer of the unsaturated 1,3-fatty- diol e.g., (S)-5-dodecene-l,3-diol, through the action of fatty alcohol forming polypeptides, such as those disclosed e.g., in WO 2016/011430 Al.
  • Determination confirmation of the resulting enantiomer configuration is achieved by any method known in the art e.g., by non-chromatographic techniques as polarimetry, by nuclear magnetic resonance, isotopic dilution, calorimetry, and enzyme techniques. These techniques require pure samples, and no separation of enantiomers is involved. Quantitation (which does not require pure samples) and separation of enantiomers can be done
  • chiral chromatography such as gas chromatography (GC) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using chiral columns ⁇ see e.g., Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Ernest L. Elil and Sanuel H. Wilen, 1994, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).
  • GC gas chromatography
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • the chiral purity of products can be identified using chiral chromatographic methods such as chiral HPLC or LC/MS ⁇ see e.g., US Patent Application Publication Nos.
  • fermentation broadly refers to the conversion of organic materials into target substances by recombinant host cells.
  • this includes the conversion of a carbon source by recombinant host cells into fatty acid derivatives such as 1,3-fatty diols by propagating a culture of the recombinant host cells in a media comprising the carbon source.
  • the conditions permissive for the production of the target substances such as 1,3-fatty diols e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol are any conditions that allow a host cell to produce a desired product, such as a 1,3-fatty diol composition. Suitable conditions include, for example, typical fermentation conditions see e.g., Principles of Fermentation Technology, 3rd Edition (2016) supra; Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, (2007) supra.
  • Fermentation conditions can include many parameters, including but not limited to temperature ranges, pH levels, levels of aeration, feed rates and media composition. Each of these conditions, individually and in combination, allows the host cell to grow.
  • Fermentation can be aerobic, anaerobic, or variations thereof (such as micro-aerobic).
  • Exemplar ⁇ ' culture media include broths (liquid) or gels (solid).
  • the medium includes a carbon source ⁇ e.g., a simple carbon source derived from a renewable feedstock) that can be metabolized by a host cell directly.
  • a carbon source e.g., a simple carbon source derived from a renewable feedstock
  • enzymes can be used in the medium to facilitate the mobilization ⁇ e.g., the depolymerization of starch or cellulose to fermentable sugars) and subsequent metabolism of the carbon source.
  • the host cells engineered to produce 1,3-fatty-diols can be grown in batches of, for example, about 100 ⁇ L , 200 ⁇ L , 300 ⁇ L , 400 ⁇ L , 500 ⁇ L , lmL, 5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL, 25 mL, 50 mL, 75 mL, 100 mL, 500 mL, 1 L, 2 L, 5 L, or 10 L;
  • polynucleotides encoding polypeptides having specific enzymatic activity ⁇ e.g., thioesterase (TE), carboxylic acid reductase (CAR), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), fatty acyl CoA/ACP reductase (FAR), acyl-CoA reductase (ACR), acyl CoA carboxylase(ACC) and/or acyl ACP/CoA reductase (AAR) enzymatic activity).
  • TE thioesterase
  • CAR carboxylic acid reductase
  • ADH alcohol dehydrogenase
  • FAR fatty acyl CoA/ACP reductase
  • ACR acyl-CoA reductase
  • ACC acyl CoA carboxylase
  • AAR acyl ACP/CoA reductase
  • the engineered host cells can be grown in cultures having a volume batches of about 10 L, 100 L, 1000 L, 10,000 L, 100,000 L, 1,000,000 L or larger; fermented; and induced to express any desired polynucleotide sequence.
  • the 1,3-fatty diol compositions described herein can be found in the extracellular environment of the recombinant host cell culture and can be readily isolated from the culture medium.
  • a fatty acid derivative such as a 1,3-fatty diol e.g., 5-dodecene- 1,3-diol and/or a fatty alcohol may be secreted by the recombinant host cell, transported into the extracellular environment or passively transferred into the extracellular environment of the recombinant host cell culture.
  • the 1,3-fatty diol composition may be isolated from a recombinant host cell culture using routine methods known in the art (see e.g., Example 2 herein below).
  • Exemplary microorganisms suitable for use as production host cells include e.g., bacteria, cyanobacteria, yeast, algae, or filamentous fungi, etc.
  • production host cells or equivalently, host cells
  • production host cells are engineered to comprise fatty acid biosynthesis pathways that are modified relative to non-engineered or native host cells e.g., engineered as discussed above in Section Il.a. and as disclosed in WO 2016/011430 Al.
  • Production hosts engineered to comprise modified fatty acid biosynthesis pathways are able to efficiently convert glucose or other renewable feedstocks into fatty acid derivatives, including fatty alcohols and 1,3-fatty diols e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol. Protocols and procedures for high density fermentations for the production of vari ous compounds have been established (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 8,372,610; 8,323,924; 8,313,934; 8,283,143;
  • a production host cell is cultured in a culture medium (e.g., fermentation medium) comprising an initial concentration of a carbon source (e.g., a simple carbon source) of about 20 g/L to about 900 g/L.
  • the culture medium comprises an initial concentration of a carbon source of about 2 g L to about 10 g L; of about 10 g/L to about 20 g/L; of about 20 g/L to about 30 g/L; of about 30 g/L to about 40 g/L; or of about 40 g/L to about 50 g L.
  • the level of available carbon source in the culture medium can be monitored during the fermentation proceeding.
  • the method further includes adding a supplemental carbon source to the culture medium when the level of the initial carbon source in the medium is less than about 0.5 g/L.
  • a supplemental carbon source is added to the culture medium when the level of the carbon source in the medium is less than about 0.4 g L, less than about 0.3 g/L, less than about 0.2 g/L, or less than about 0.1 g/L.
  • the supplemental carbon source is added to maintain a carbon source level of about 1 g/L to about 25 g L.
  • the supplemental carbon source is added to maintain a carbon source level of about 2 g L or more ⁇ e.g., about 2 g/L or more, about 3 g/L or more, about 4 g/L or more).
  • the carbon source for the fermentation is derived from a renewable feedstock.
  • the carbon source is glucose.
  • the carbon source is glycerol.
  • Other possible carbon sources include, but are not limited to, fructose, mannose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, starch, cellulose, pectin, xylan, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, and turanose; cellulosic material and variants such as hemicelluloses, methyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, succinate, lactate, and acetate; alcohols, such as ethanol, methanol, and glycerol, or mixtures thereof.
  • the carbon source is derived from corn, sugar cane, sorghum, beet, switch grass, ensilage, straw, lumber, pulp, sewage, garbage, cellulosic urban waste, flu-gas, syn-gas, or carbon dioxide.
  • the simple carbon source can also be a product of photosynthesis, such as glucose or sucrose.
  • the carbon source is derived from a waste product such as glycerol, flu-gas, or syn-gas; or from the reformation of organic materials such as biomass; or from natural gas or from methane, or from the reformation of these materials to syn-gas; or from carbon dioxide that is fixed photosynthetically, for example 1,3 diols may be produced by recombinant cyanobacteria growing photosynthetically and using C0 2 as carbon source.
  • the carbon source is derived from biomass.
  • An exemplary source of biomass is plant matter or vegetation, such as corn, sugar cane, or switchgrass.
  • Another exemplary source of biomass is metabolic waste products, such as animal matter ⁇ e.g., cow manure).
  • biomass also includes waste products from industry, agriculture, forestry, and households, including, but not limited to, fermentation waste, ensilage, straw, lumber, sewage, garbage, cellulosic urban waste, municipal solid waste, and food leftovers.
  • the 1,3-fatty diol e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol
  • the 1,3-fatty diol is produced at a concentration of about 0.5 g/L to about 40 g/L.
  • the 1,3- fatty diol is produced at a concentration of about 1 g/L or more (e.g., about 1 g L or more, about 10 g/L or more, about 20 g/L or more, about 50 g/L or more, about 100 g/L or more).
  • the 1,3-fatty diol is produced at a concentration of about 1 g/L to about 170 g/L, of about 1 g/L to about 10 g/L, of about 40 g/L to about 170 g/L, of about 100 g/L to about 170 g/L, of about 10 g/L to about 100 g/L, of about 1 g/L to about 40 g/L, of about 40 g/L to about 100 g/L, or of about 1 g/L to about 100 g/L.
  • the 1 ,3-fatty diol is produced at a titer of about 25 mg/L, about 50 mg/L, about 75 mg/L, about 100 mg/L, about 125 mg/L, about 150 mg/L, about 175 mg/L, about 200 mg/L, about 225 mg/L, about 250 mg/L, about 275 mg/L, about 300 mg/L, about 325 mg/L, about 350 mg/L, about 375 mg/L, about 400 mg/L, about 425 mg/L, about 450 mg/L, about 475 mg/L, about 500 mg/L, about 525 mg/L, about 550 mg/L, about 575 mg/L, about 600 mg/L, about 625 mg/L, about 650 mg/L, about 675 mg/L, about 700 mg/L, about 725 mg/L, about 750 mg/L, about 775 mg/L, about 800 mg/L, about 825 mg/L, about 850 mg/L,
  • a 1 ,3-fatty diol (e.g., 1,3-diol) is produced at a titer of more than lOOg/L, more than 200g/L, more than 300g/L, or higher, such as 500 g/L, 700 g/L, 1000 g/L, 1200 g/L, 1500 g/L, or 2000 g L.
  • a preferred titer of a 1,3-fatty diol such as a 1,3-diol produced by a recombinant host cell according to the methods of the disclosure is from 5g/L to 200g/L, lOg/L to 150g/L, 20g/L to 120g/L and 30g/L to lOOg/L, lOOg/L to 150g/L, and 120g/L to 180g/L.
  • the titer of a 1,3-fatty diol such as a 1,3-diol produced by a recombinant host cell according to the methods of the disclosure is about l g/L to about 250g/L and more particularly, 90 g L to about 120g/L.
  • the titer may refer to a particular 1,3- diol or a combination of 1,3-diols of different chain length or different functionalities such as e.g., a mixture of saturated and unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diols produced by a given recombinant host cell culture.
  • the host cells engineered to produce a 1,3-fatty diol such as e.g., 5-dodecene- 1,3-diol according to the methods of the disclosure have a yield of at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, at least 10%, at least 11%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14?/ 0 , at least 15%, at least 16%, at least 17%, at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20 %, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, at least 29%, or at least 30%, or at least 40% or a range bounded by any two of the foregoing values.
  • a 1,3-fatty diol such as e.g., 5-dodecene- 1,3-
  • a 1,3-fatty diol such as e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol is produced at a yield of more than 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more.
  • the yield is about 30% or less, about 27% or less, about 25% or less, or about 22% or less.
  • the yield can be bounded by any two of the above endpoints.
  • the yield of a 1,3-fatty diol such as a 1,3-diol produced by the recombinant host cell according to the methods of the disclosure can be 5% to 15?/ 0 , 10% to 25%, 10% to 22?/ 0 , 15% to 27%, 18% to 22%, 20% to 28%, or 20% to 30%.
  • the yield of a 1,3- fatty diol such as a 1,3-diol produced by the recombinant host cell is about 10% to about 40%.
  • the yield of a 1,3-fatty diol such as a 1,3-diol produced by the recombinant host cell is about 25% to about 30%.
  • the yield may refer to a particular 1,3-fatty diol such as 5-dodecene-l,3-diol or a combination of 1,3-diols produced by a given recombinant host cell culture.
  • the yield will also be dependent on the feedstock used.
  • the productivity of the host cells engineered to produce a 1,3-fatty diol such as e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol according to the methods of the disclosure is at least 100 mg L/hour, at least 200 mg/L/hour, at least 300 mg/L/hour, at least 400 mg/L/hour, at least 500 mg/L/hour, at least 600 mg/L/hour, at least 700 mg/L/hour, at least 800 mg/L/hour, at least 900 mg L/hour, at least 1000 mg/L/hour, at least 1 100 mg/L/hour, at least 1200 mg/L/hour, at least 1300 mg/L/hour, at least 1400 mg/L/hour, at least 1500 mg/L/hour, at least 1600 mg/L/hour, at least 1700 mg L/hour, at least 1800 mg/L/hour, at least 1900 mg L/hour, at least 2000 mg L/hour, at least 2100 mg/L/hour, at least
  • the productivity of a 1,3-fatty diol such as a 1,3 -diol produced by a recombinant host cell according to the methods of the disclosure may be from 500 mg L/hour to 2500 mg/L/hour, or from 700 mg/L/hour to 2000 mg L/hour. In one exemplary embodiment, the productivity is about 0.7mg/L/h to about 3g/L/h.
  • Productivity as used herein refers to a particular 1,3-fatty diol such as e.g., 5-dodecene-l,3-diol produced by a given recombinant host cell culture.
  • the host cell used in the fermentation procedures discussed herein is a mammalian cell, plant cell, insect cell, yeast cell, fungus cell, filamentous fungi cell, an algal cell, a cyanobacterial cell, and bacterial cell.
  • the host cell is selected from the genus Escherichia, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Rhodococcus, Synechococcus, Synechoystis, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Neurospora, Fusarium, Humicola, Rhizomucor, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Mucor, Myceliophtora, Penicillium, Phanerochaete, Pleurotiis, Trametes,
  • the host cell is a Bacillus lentus cell, a Bacillus brevis cell, a Bacillus stearothermophUus cell, a Bacillus licheniformis cell, a Bacillus alkalophilus cell, a Bacillus coagulans cell, a Bacillus circulans cell, a Bacillus pumilis cell, a.
  • the host cell is a Pseudomonas putida cell. In certain embodiments, the host cell is a
  • Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, Synechoystis sp. PCC 6803, Synechococcus elongatus PCC6301, Prochlorococc s marinus CCMP1986 (hiED4), Anabaena variabilis ATCC29413, Nostoc puncti forme ATCC29133 (PCC73102),
  • Gloeobacter violaceus ATCC29082 (PCC7421), Nostoc sp. ATCC27893 (PCC7120), Cyanothece sp. PCC7425 (29141), Cyanothece sp. ATCC51442, or Synechococcus sp.
  • the host cell is a Trichoderma koningii cell, a Trichoderma viride cell, a Trichoderma reesei cell, a Trichoderma
  • Aspergillus foetidus cell an Aspergillus nidulans cell, an Aspergillus niger cell, an
  • the host cell is an Actinomycetes cell.
  • the host cell is a Streptomyces lividans cell or a Streptomyces murimis cell.
  • the host cell is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell.
  • the host cell is a cell from a eukaryotic plant, algae, cyanobacterium, green-sulfur bacterium, green non-sulfur bacterium, purple sulfur bacterium, purple non-sulfur bacterium, extremophile, yeast, fungus, engineered organisms thereof, or a synthetic organism.
  • the host cell is a cell from Arabidopsis thaliana, Panicum virgatums, Miscanthus giganteus, Zea mays, botryococcuse braunii, Chalamydomonas reinhardtii, Dunaliela salina,
  • Synechocystis sp. Chlorobium tepidum, Chloroflexus aur amicus, Chromatiumm vinosum, Rhodospiriilum rubrum, Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhodopseudomonas palusris, Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridiuthermocellum, or Pencillium chrysogenum.
  • the host cell is from Pichia pastories, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida or Zymomonas mobilis.
  • the host cell is a cell from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942, or Synechocystis sp. PCC6803.
  • the host cell is a CHO cell, a COS cell, a VERO cell, a BHK cell, a HeLa cell, a Cvl cell, an MDCK cell, a 293 cell, a 3T3 cell, or a PC12 cell.
  • the host cell is an E. coli cell. In some exemplary
  • the E. coli cell is a strain B, a strain C, a strain K, or a strain W E. coli cell. d. Metathesis
  • the double bond of an unsaturated 1,3-fatty-diol e.g., 5- dodecene-l,3-diol, produced by recombinant host cells engineered to produce 1,3-fatty-diols is predominantly in (Z) configuration.
  • U.S. Patent 9,163,267 teaches methods for producing an olefin by contacting a composition comprising at least one omega-7-olefinic fatty acid or derivative thereof with a cross metathesis catalyst under conditions allowing a cross metathesis transformation, wherein the at least one omega-7-olefinic fatty acid or deri vative thereof was produced in a genetically engineered microorganism.
  • methods such as those disclosed in U.S.
  • Patent 9,163,267 are used to prepare a (E) isomer of an unsaturated (Z)-l,3-fatty-diol e.g., (E) isomer of 5-dodecene-l,3-diol, made using engineered microbes as disclosed herein above.
  • the (Z)-(E) selectivity is typically biased towards the formation of the (E)-isomer ⁇ see e.g., Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh et al., (2011) Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 7:40- 45).
  • Bioproducts e.g., compositions comprising 5-dodecene-l,3-diol produced utilizing engineered microbes as discussed above in Sections II a -II d., are produced from renewable sources ⁇ e.g., from a simple carbon source derived from renewable feedstocks) and, as such, are new compositions of matter. These new bioproducts can be distinguished from organic compounds derived from petrochemical carbon on the basis of dual carbon-isotopic fingerprinting or 14 C dating. Additionally, the specific source of biosourced carbon ⁇ e.g., glucose vs. glycerol) can be determined by dual carbon-isotopic fingerprinting by methods known in the art (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 7,169,588, WO 2016/01 1430 Al, etc.).
  • the following Example illustrates production of 5-dodecen-l,3-diol by fermentation.
  • 5-dodecen-l,3-diol was produced by fermentation using an E. coli strain engineered for the production fatty alcohols and 1,3 diols. These 1,3- fatty-diols were then refined from the resulting fermentation broth.
  • Strain stNH1282 which is a derivative of strain MG1655 that was modified as disclosed e.g., in WO 2016/011430 Al, to attenuate the activity of FadE (involved in fatty acid degradation) and engineered to overexpress a thioesterase specific for C12 chain lengths (such as FatBl), EntD (a phosphopantethienyl transferease), CarB (a carboxylic acid reductase), and AlrA-ADPl (an alcohol dehydrogenase), was inoculated from a 1 mL glycerol freezer stock into LB medium (100 mL) containing spectinomycin (115 mg/L) and shaken at 32°C for 6 - 8 hours until the culture OD reached 3-6.
  • FadE involved in fatty acid degradation
  • a thioesterase specific for C12 chain lengths such as FatBl
  • EntD a phosphopantethienyl transferease
  • the product of the fermentation described above in Example 1 was a mixture of three phases, an organic phase rich in fatty alcohols and 1,3 diols, an aqueous phase containing spent fermentation media, and a solid phase containing the E. coli biomass. Upon centrifugation the light organic phase was collected. This material was then de-acidified using alkaline refining and moisture drying. The resulting deacidified oil was then fractionated by distillation, and fractions rich in 5-dodecane-l,3-diol and 5-dodecene-l,3 diol were collected and pooled.
  • composition of fatty alcohols and 1,3 diols in the enriched pool was determined by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy as described herein below in Example 3, and is shown in Table V.
  • the mass spectra of the 5-dodecane-l,3 diol and 5-dodecene-l,3 diols, which were the predominant components, are shown in FIG. 1 and FIG 2, respectively.
  • Example illustrates an exemplary method for the analytical evaluation of fatty alcohols and 1,3 diols using gas chromotagraphy (GC) and mass spectroscopy (MS).
  • GC gas chromotagraphy
  • MS mass spectroscopy
  • the sample e.g., the 1,3 diol enriched distillation fraction described above in Example 2, is reacted with a 1 : 1 mixture of (N,0-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) + (1% Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS)): toluene to form the Silyl Ethers of the alcohols. Hydrocarbons, methyl esters and aldehydes are not derivitized.
  • BSTFA N,0-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide
  • TMCS Trimethylchlorosilane
  • the sample is then analyzed by a fast temperature ramp method employing a narrow-bore column.
  • the GC program calculates the weight percent of the sample components by comparing the sample's response factors to those of the standard using tridecanoic acid methyl ester as an internal standard.
  • Example 5 The following Example illustrates synthesis of (S)-2-[2-(benzyloxy)ethyl]oxirane which is useful for the preparation of 5-dodecene-l ,3-diol via the chemical synthesis route disclosed herein below in Example 5. This is a prophetic Example.
  • the suspension Upon indication of completing of the reaction (e.g., when 1 equivalent of H 2 is consumed), the suspension will be filtered through a pad of silica gel, whereupon the pad will be washed with diethyl ether. This organic layer will be concentrated and purified by chromatography (silica gel; hexanes/EtOAc) and is expected to provide (R,Z)-l-(benzyloxy)dodec-5-en-3-ol. [Note: it is well known that benzyl protecting groups usually survive Lindlar hydrogenations. However, to the extent the conditions provide a degree debenzylation to provide (R,Z)-dodec-5-ene-l,3- diol, this may be obtained via the chromatography step].
  • the secondary alcohol of (R,Z)-l-(benzyloxy)dodec-5-en-3-ol may be protected by a tert-butyl dim ethyl silyl ("TBS") group prior to benzyl group cleavage and then the TBS group removed after debenzylation.
  • TBS tert-butyl dim ethyl silyl
  • Example illustrates an exemplary chemical synthesis method for the for the preparation of (R,Z)-tetradec-7-ene-l,3-diol. This is a prophetic Example.
  • l-bromodec-3-yne may be obtained from commercial sources or may obtained via reaction of oct-l-yne with oxirane in the presence of BF 3 OEt 2 (see Example 5 above) to produce dec-3-yn-l-ol followed by conversion of dec-3-yn-l-ol to l-bromodec-3-yne, for example via reaction with thionyl bromide as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,353,090.
  • the flask will be flushed three times with hydrogen, and then the mixture stirred under H 2 and monitored by consumption of H 2 and/or by gas chromatography. Upon indication of completion of the reaction (e.g., when 1 equivalent of H 2 is consumed), the suspension will be filtered through a pad of silica gel, whereupon the pad will be washed with diethyl ether. This organic layer will be concentrated and purified by chromatography (silica gel;
  • the secondary alcohol of (R,Z)-1 -(benzyl oxy)tetradec-7-en-3-ol may be TBS protected followed by deprotection of the benzyl group and finally TBS-deprotected via the alternate procedure disclosed herein above in Example 5.
  • Example illustrates an exemplary chemical synthesis method for the for the preparation of (R,Z)-tridec-6-ene-l,3-diol. This is a prophetic Example.
  • l-bromonon-2-yne (CAS # 5921-74-4), used to generate non-2-yn-l-ylmagnesium bromide, may be obtained from commercial sources.
  • the flask will be flushed three times with hydrogen, and then the mixture stirred under H 2 and monitored by consumption of H 2 and/or by gas chromatography. Upon indication of completion of the reaction (e.g., when 1 equivalent of H 2 is consumed), the suspension will be filtered through a pad of silica gel, whereupon the pad will be washed with diethyl ether. This organic layer will be concentrated and purified by chromatography (silica gel;
  • (R,Z)-1 -(benzyloxy)tridec-6-en-3-ol will be taken up in CH 2 C1 2 to generate a 2 M solution and that will be stirred at 0 °C.
  • To this solution will be added 1.5 equivalents Et 3 N followed by 2.3 equivalents of neat trimethylsilyl iodide via a dry syringe. Reaction progress will be monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction will be quenched by slow addition of 4 equivalents of MeOH. Aq. NaHS0 4 (1.0 M) will then be added the mixture stirred for 15 minutes, followed by addition of Et 2 O.
  • the secondary alcohol of (R,Z)-1 -(benzyl oxy)tridec-6-en-3-ol may be TBS protected followed by deprotection of the benzyl group and finally TBS-deprotected via the alternate procedure disclosed herein above in Example 5.
  • the secondary alcohol of (R,E)-l-(benzyloxy)dodec-5-en-3-ol may be TBS protected followed by deprotection of the benzyl group and finally TBS-deprotected via the alternate procedure described in Example 2.
  • a saccharide e.g., glucose
  • butanol in the presences of j P-toluenesulfonic acid
  • butyl saccharide will be reacted with (R,Z)-dodec-5-ene-l,3-diol to provide glycosolated (R,Z)-dodec-5-ene-l,3-diol.
  • glucose used as the saccharide
  • a monoglucosylated and/or a bis-glucosylated (R,Z)-dodec-5-ene-l,3-diol may be achieved based on selection of the conditions.
  • Product yield will be measured and the product characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR, and LC-MS.
  • Example illustrates an exemplary one-step method for the preparation of (R,Z)-dodec-5-ene-l,3-diol. This is a prophetic Example.
  • comparing the water solubility of compounds is achieved by comparing their respective log P values.
  • log P is the logarithm of the ratio of the concentrations of the compound between n- octanol over water, as illustrated by Equation 1.
  • log P log ([compound]n-octanDi/([compound] W ater) Equation 1
  • Formulas IA, IB, II, and /or ⁇ II) to glucose will be set to 6: 1 and the reaction temperature set to about 120°C.
  • Variations to reaction conditions to produce different glycosylated products of Formulas V, and/or VI will include variation of the /?-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst concentration and time of reaction.
  • Product yields will be measured and the products characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR, and LC-MS.

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EP3810778A4 (en) * 2018-05-10 2022-06-29 Genomatica, Inc. Multifunctional fatty acid derivatives and biosynthesis thereof

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