WO2018050106A1 - 一种防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤 - Google Patents

一种防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤 Download PDF

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WO2018050106A1
WO2018050106A1 PCT/CN2017/101991 CN2017101991W WO2018050106A1 WO 2018050106 A1 WO2018050106 A1 WO 2018050106A1 CN 2017101991 W CN2017101991 W CN 2017101991W WO 2018050106 A1 WO2018050106 A1 WO 2018050106A1
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layer
optical fiber
refractive index
cracking
maintaining optical
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PCT/CN2017/101991
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨坤
童维军
曹蓓蓓
杨武
雷高清
张心贲
汪振东
郑伟
童伊琳
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长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司
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Priority to EP17850308.2A priority Critical patent/EP3486699B1/en
Priority to PL17850308.2T priority patent/PL3486699T3/pl
Priority to US16/334,103 priority patent/US10823911B2/en
Publication of WO2018050106A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018050106A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03694—Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/024—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with polarisation maintaining properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G02B6/0283—Graded index region external to the central core segment, e.g. sloping layer or triangular or trapezoidal layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an anti-cracking Panda type polarization-maintaining optical fiber used in the technical field of optical communication, sensing and the like, and belongs to the technical field of special optical fibers.
  • Polarization-maintaining fibers are a class of specialty fibers.
  • a polarization maintaining fiber that is, a polarization maintaining fiber, is an optical fiber having a linear polarization direction for maintaining transmitted light.
  • Polarization-maintaining fibers can be used in many fields, such as multiplexed coherent communication, fiber optic gyroscopes, fiber optic hydrophones, polarization sensing, etc., and are a special fiber with wide application value.
  • Polarization-maintaining fibers include geometric birefringence and stress birefringence polarization-maintaining fibers.
  • An example of a geometric birefringent polarization-maintaining fiber is an elliptical core polarization-maintaining fiber. The core of the polarization-maintaining fiber is elliptical, and this geometric asymmetry produces a birefringence effect.
  • Stress birefringence polarization-maintaining fibers mainly include three types of polarization-maintaining fibers, Panda-type polarization-maintaining fibers and elliptical-clad polarization-maintaining fibers. A feature of this type of fiber is the introduction of a stress layer with a high coefficient of expansion into the cladding of the fiber to produce a birefringent effect.
  • Panda-type polarization-maintaining fibers are the most widely used, and their structures include a core, a stress layer and a cladding portion, wherein the core is located at the center portion of the cladding, and the two cylindrical stress layers are distributed.
  • the core is generally quartz glass co-doped with yttrium fluoride
  • the stress layer is generally boron-doped quartz glass
  • the cladding layer is generally pure quartz glass material. Since borosilicate has a larger thermal expansion property than pure quartz, the stress layer can generate compressive stress acting on the core portion, thereby producing the stress birefringence such that the polarization maintaining fiber has linear polarization maintaining performance.
  • the device uses polarization-maintaining fibers with high strength and good crosstalk stability.
  • polarization-maintaining fibers with high strength and good crosstalk stability.
  • the demand for polarization-maintaining fibers for devices has increased significantly.
  • the existing Panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber often has the problem of edge cracking of the fiber end face grinding stress layer, which leads to the inability of the polarization-maintaining fiber to meet the relevant requirements.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an anti-cracking Panda type polarization-maintaining fiber which can optimize the structural design and meet the performance requirements of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber for the device in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is to include a cladding layer, a stress layer and a core, the core is located at the center of the cladding, and the stress layers are symmetrically spaced on both sides of the core and located in the package.
  • the outer peripheral edge of the stress layer is surrounded by a gradient gradient transition layer.
  • the gradient thickness d of the gradient gradient transition layer is 1-4 ⁇ m, and the relative refractive index of the gradient gradient transition layer is decreasing from the outside to the inside.
  • the refractive index gradient transition layer has a minimum relative refractive index of -0.1 to -0.2%.
  • the refractive index gradient transition layer has a minimum relative refractive index of -0.4 to -0.7%.
  • the refractive index gradient transition layer has a maximum relative refractive index of 0 to -0.1%.
  • the gradient gradient transition layer is a boron-doped quartz glass layer.
  • the stress layer is a boron-doped quartz glass layer
  • the stress layer diameter D is 30-40 ⁇ m
  • the relative refractive index ⁇ 1% is -0.4 to -0.7%.
  • the relative refractive index of the refractive index gradient transition layer is stepped decreasing from the outside to the inside, or the arc is decreasing, or linearly decreasing.
  • the core is an erbium-doped or ytterbium-fluoride co-doped quartz glass layer, the core diameter a is 5-10 ⁇ m, and the core relative refractive index ⁇ 2% is 0.2-0.5%.
  • the cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer, and the cladding diameter is 79 to 126 ⁇ m.
  • the outer cladding of the optical fiber is coated with a coating layer, and the coating layer is sequentially composed of an inner coating layer and an outer coating layer, and the difference between the diameter D1 of the inner coating layer and the diameter D2 of the outer coating layer.
  • D2-D1 is 30 ⁇ m to 90 ⁇ m; the inner coating layer has a maximum tolerable temperature of 80 ° C to 110 ° C; and the outer coating layer has a maximum tolerable temperature of 80 ° C to 110 ° C.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the stress of the edge of the stress layer is decomposed and released slowly by providing a gradient gradient transition layer on the outer peripheral edge of the stress layer, thereby avoiding cracking of the edge of the fiber end face grinding stress layer and using the polarization maintaining fiber.
  • the performance was optimized and the room temperature grinder crack rate decreased from 30% before the improvement to 0.1% after the improvement. Under the temperature cycle, the fiber rupture rate decreased from 50% before the improvement to 0.3% after the improvement.
  • the fabricated Panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber has a great improvement in performance. Reliability is greatly improved. And make it suitable for use in harsh environments.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the radial structure of an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the refractive index profile of the optical fiber of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the refractive index profile of a fiber according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing the refractive index profile of a fiber according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cladding layer 3, the stress layer 2 and the core 1 are disposed, and the core is located at the center of the cladding layer, and the core is an erbium-doped or ytterbium-fluoride co-doped quartz glass layer, and the core diameter a is 5-10 ⁇ m, and the core is relatively refracted.
  • the ratio (refractive index relative to pure silica) ⁇ 2% is 0.2 to 0.5%.
  • the stress layers are symmetrically spaced on both sides of the core and located in the cladding, the stress layer is a boron-doped quartz glass layer, the stress layer diameter D is 36 ⁇ m, and the relative refractive index (relative to the refractive index of pure silica) ⁇ 1% is -0.5%.
  • the outer peripheral edge of the stress layer is surrounded by a gradient gradient transition layer, and the gradient gradient transition layer is a boron-doped quartz glass layer, and the refractive index is gradually
  • the unilateral thickness d of the transition layer is 2.5 ⁇ m, the relative refractive index is decreasing from the outside to the inside, or linearly decreasing.
  • the minimum relative refractive index of the gradient transition layer is -0.12%, and the maximum relative refraction is The rate is -0.01%; or the minimum relative refractive index is -0.5%, and the maximum relative refractive index is 0%.
  • the cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer having a cladding diameter of 79 to 126 ⁇ m.
  • the outer layer of the optical fiber is coated with a coating layer, and the coating layer is sequentially composed of an inner coating layer 4 and an outer coating layer 5, and a difference D2 between the diameter D1 of the inner coating layer and the diameter D2 of the outer cladding layer.
  • D1 is 50 ⁇ m; the inner coating layer has a maximum tolerable temperature of 80 ° C to 110 ° C; and the outer coating layer has a maximum tolerable temperature of 80 ° C to 110 ° C.
  • the fiber has a screening strength of 100 kpsi; the fiber has a minimum bending radius of 10 mm.
  • the main performance parameters of the fiber are shown in Table 1.
  • the normal temperature grinding parameters are as follows: the grinding process is filling and grinding, and the filling method is gradual heating and cooling.
  • the grinding process is as follows: all the sample fibers are subjected to the first step of heat curing according to the process of filling, stripping, threading, heating, etc., and the ferrule with the matching core diameter.
  • the curing method is direct heating of the curing oven, and the temperature is slowly increased from room temperature to 80 ° C, and the heating rate is 1 ° C / 30 s. The heating time lasted for 0.5 h.
  • the heat-cured sample is subjected to a grinding process in accordance with a general connector grinding process, including a process of removing glue, rough grinding, fine grinding, fine grinding, and the like.
  • Deionized water is added as a grinding buffer during the grinding process. There is no cracking in the stress layer of the fiber end face.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)

Abstract

一种防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，包括包层(3)、应力层(2)和纤芯(1)，纤芯(1)位于包层(3)的中心，应力层(2)对称间隔分布在纤芯(1)两侧且位于包层(3)中，应力层(2)外周边缘包绕有折射率渐变过渡层，其通过在应力层(2)外周边缘设置折射率渐变过渡层，使应力层(2)边缘的应力得到分解和缓释，从而避免了光纤端面研磨应力层边沿的开裂，使保偏光纤的使用性能得到优化，常温研磨开裂率从改进前的30％下降至改进后的0.1％。温度循环下光纤破裂率从改进前的50％下降至改进后0.3％，制造出的器件用熊猫型保偏光纤在各项性能上有较大提升，可靠性大大提高，其能应用于较为恶劣的使用环境中。

Description

一种防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于光通信、传感等技术领域的防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，属于特种光纤技术领域。
背景技术
保偏光纤是特种光纤的一类。保偏光纤，即偏振保持光纤，是具有保持所传输光线的线偏振方向的光纤。保偏光纤可应用于许多领域，如复用相干通信、光纤陀螺仪、光纤水听器、偏振传感等，是一种具有广泛应用价值的特种光纤。
保偏光纤包括几何双折射和应力双折射保偏光纤。几何双折射保偏光纤的实例是椭圆芯子保偏光纤，这种保偏光纤的纤芯是椭圆形的，利用这种几何的不对称性产生双折射效应。应力双折射保偏光纤主要有蝶结型保偏光纤、熊猫型保偏光纤和椭圆包层型保偏光纤三种。这类光纤的特点是在光纤的包层中引入具有高膨胀系数的应力层挤压纤芯产生双折射效应。
上述应力双折射保偏光纤中，熊猫型保偏光纤应用最为广泛，其结构包括纤芯、应力层和包层部分，其中纤芯位于包层的中心部分，而两个圆柱状的应力层分布在纤芯的两侧。纤芯一般为锗氟共掺杂的石英玻璃、应力层一般为硼掺杂的石英玻璃、而包层一般为纯石英玻璃材料。由于硼石英具有比纯石英更大的热膨胀性能，所以应力层能够产生压应力作用于纤芯部分，从而产生所述的应力双折射使得保偏光纤具有线偏振保持性能。
器件用保偏光纤有着高强度以及串音稳定性好等特点。随着各类与保偏光纤相关的通信用器件的发展，器件用保偏光纤的需求量有着大幅提升。但现有的熊猫型保偏光纤由于应力层设计不够合理，往往存在光纤端面研磨应力层边沿开裂的问题，导致保偏光纤无法达到相关要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术存在的不足而提供一种结构设计优化，可满足器件用保偏光纤性能要求的防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤。
本发明为解决上述提出的问题所采用的技术方案为：包括包层、应力层和纤芯，所述纤芯位于包层的中心，所述应力层对称间隔分布在纤芯两侧且位于包层中，其特征在于所述的应力层外周边缘包绕有折射率渐变过渡层。
按上述方案，所述的折射率渐变过渡层的单边厚度d为1～4μm，折射率渐变过渡层的相对折射率从外向内呈递减状。
按上述方案，所述的折射率渐变过渡层的最小相对折射率为-0.1～-0.2％。
按上述方案，所述的折射率渐变过渡层的最小相对折射率为-0.4～-0.7％。
按上述方案，所述的折射率渐变过渡层的最大相对折射率为0～-0.1％。
按上述方案，所述的折射率渐变过渡层为掺硼石英玻璃层。
按上述方案，所述的应力层为掺硼石英玻璃层，应力层直径D为30～40μm，相对折射率Δ1％为-0.4～-0.7％。
按上述方案，所述的折射率渐变过渡层的相对折射率从外向内呈阶梯递减状，或圆弧递减状，或线性递减状。
按上述方案，所述的纤芯为掺锗或锗氟共掺石英玻璃层，纤芯直径a为5～10μm，纤芯相对折射率Δ2％为0.2～0.5％。
按上述方案，所述的包层为纯二氧化硅玻璃层，包层直径为79～126μm。
按上述方案，所述的光纤外包层外涂覆有涂料层，所述的涂料层由内向外依次为内涂料层和外涂料层，内涂料层的直径D1与外包层的直径D2的差值D2-D1为30μm～90μm；所述的内涂料层最高可耐受温度为80℃～110℃；所述的外涂料层最高可耐受温度为80℃～110℃。
本发明的有益效果在于：通过在应力层外周边缘设置折射率渐变过渡层，使应力层边缘的应力得到分解和缓释，从而避免了光纤端面研磨应力层边沿的开裂，使保偏光纤的使用性能得到优化，常温研磨开裂率从改进前的30％下降至改进后的0.1％。温度循环下光纤破裂率从改进前的50％下降至改进后0.3％，制造出的器件用熊猫型保偏光纤在各项性能上有较大提升。可靠性大大提高。并使其能应用于较为恶劣的使用环境中。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施例的光纤径向结构示意图。
图2是本发明的第一个实施例的光纤折射率剖面分布图。
图3是本发明的第二个实施例的光纤折射率剖面分布图。
图4是本发明的第三个实施例的光纤折射率剖面分布图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
包括包层3、应力层2和纤芯1，所述纤芯位于包层的中心，纤芯为掺锗或锗氟共掺石英玻璃层，纤芯直径a为5～10μm，纤芯相对折射率(相对纯二氧化硅的折射率)Δ2％为0.2～0.5％。所述应力层对称间隔分布在纤芯两侧且位于包层中，所述的应力层为掺硼石英玻璃层，应力层直径D为36μm，相对折射率(相对纯二氧化硅的折射率)Δ1％为-0.5％。所述的应力层外周边缘包绕有折射率渐变过渡层，折射率渐变过渡层为掺硼石英玻璃层，所述的折射率渐 变过渡层的单边厚度d为2.5μm，相对折射率从外向内呈圆弧递减状，或线性递减状，所述的折射率渐变过渡层的最小相对折射率为-0.12％，最大相对折射率为-0.01％；或最小相对折射率为-0.5％，最大相对折射率为0％。所述的包层为纯二氧化硅玻璃层，包层直径为79～126μm。所述的光纤外包层外涂覆有涂料层，所述的涂料层由内向外依次为内涂料层4和外涂料层5，内涂料层的直径D1与外包层的直径D2的差值D2-D1为50μm；所述的内涂料层最高可耐受温度为80℃～110℃；所述的外涂料层最高可耐受温度为80℃～110℃。所述光纤筛选强度为100kpsi；光纤最小弯曲半径为10mm。
光纤的主要性能参数见表1。
其中常温研磨参数如下：研磨的程序为填胶和研磨，填胶的方式是渐变式的加热和降温。研磨的过程为：所有的样纤按照灌胶、剥纤、穿纤、加热等流程与适配芯径的插芯进行第一步热固化处理。固化方式为固化炉直接加热，温度从室温缓慢上升至80℃，升温速率为1℃/30s。加热时间持续0.5h。
热固化处理后的样品，按照一般连接器研磨工艺进行研磨处理，包括去胶、粗磨、细磨、精磨等过程。在研磨过程中会添加去离子水作为研磨缓冲液。光纤端面应力层研磨未出现开裂现象。
表1
Figure PCTCN2017101991-appb-000001

Claims (10)

  1. 一种防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，包括包层、应力层和纤芯，所述纤芯位于包层的中心，所述应力层对称间隔分布在纤芯两侧且位于包层中，其特征在于所述的应力层外周边缘包绕有折射率渐变过渡层。
  2. 按权利要求1所述的防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，其特征在于所述的折射率渐变过渡层的单边厚度d为1～4μm，折射率渐变过渡层的相对折射率从外向内呈递减状。
  3. 按权利要求2所述的防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，其特征在于所述的折射率渐变过渡层的最小相对折射率为-0.1～-0.2％。
  4. 按权利要求2所述的防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，其特征在于所述的折射率渐变过渡层的最小相对折射率为-0.4～-0.7％。
  5. 按权利要求3或4所述的防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，其特征在于所述的折射率渐变过渡层的最大相对折射率为0～-0.1％。
  6. 按权利要求1或2所述的防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，其特征在于所述的折射率渐变过渡层为掺硼石英玻璃层。
  7. 按权利要求2或3或4所述的防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，其特征在于所述的折射率渐变过渡层的相对折射率从外向内呈阶梯递减状，或圆弧递减状，或线性递减状。
  8. 按权利要求1或2所述的防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，其特征在于所述的应力层为掺硼石英玻璃层，应力层直径D为30～40μm，相对折射率Δ1％为-0.4～-0.7％。
  9. 按权利要求1或2所述的防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，其特征在于所述的纤芯为掺锗或锗氟共掺石英玻璃层，纤芯直径a为5～10μm，纤芯相对折射率Δ2％为0.2～0.5％；所述的包层为纯二氧化硅玻璃层，包层直径为79～126μm。
  10. 按权利要求1或2所述的防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤，其特征在于所述的光纤外包层外涂覆有涂料层，所述的涂料层由内向外依次为内涂料层和外涂料层，内涂料层的直径D1与外包层的直径D2的差值D2-D1为30μm～90μm；所述的内涂料层最高可耐受温度为80℃～110℃；所述的外涂料层最高可耐受温度为80℃～110℃。
PCT/CN2017/101991 2016-09-19 2017-09-17 一种防开裂熊猫型保偏光纤 WO2018050106A1 (zh)

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