WO2018050079A1 - 一种裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的试验装置及试验方法 - Google Patents

一种裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的试验装置及试验方法 Download PDF

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WO2018050079A1
WO2018050079A1 PCT/CN2017/101652 CN2017101652W WO2018050079A1 WO 2018050079 A1 WO2018050079 A1 WO 2018050079A1 CN 2017101652 W CN2017101652 W CN 2017101652W WO 2018050079 A1 WO2018050079 A1 WO 2018050079A1
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rock mass
water
rock
fracture
fractured
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PCT/CN2017/101652
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李术才
李利平
石少帅
周宗青
刘洪亮
胡杰
孙尚渠
王旌
屠文锋
文志杰
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山东大学
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Priority to US16/314,607 priority Critical patent/US10768083B2/en
Publication of WO2018050079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018050079A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
    • E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a test device and a test method for a collapse of a fractured rock mass and a water inrush with a crack, which can integrate the structure of the rock mass collapse and the water inrush with the crack into a device, and realize the research on the two disasters.
  • the present invention provides a test device and a test method for the collapse of a fractured rock mass and the water inrush from the fracture.
  • a fracture rock mass preparation device for a fracture rock mass test comprising an upper die, a lower die, a bottom support and a cutter head, wherein the lower die is fixed on the bottom support, and the upper die is located above the lower die, the upper die
  • the lower mold and the bottom support form a molding cavity for simulating the rock mass; the cutter head is mounted on the lower mold by the guide rail, and the guide rail is horizontally arranged; after the rock body is formed, the cutter head slides toward the rock mass, and the rock mass is cut to obtain the fracture rock. body.
  • a test device for a collapse of a fractured rock body and a water inrush with a fracture comprising a fracture rock mass preparation device, a water source loading device, a surrounding rock pressure device and a slide rail, wherein the fracture rock mass preparation device is fixed at one end of the slide rail, The water source loading device is fixed on the other side of the slide rail;
  • the fracture rock mass preparation device comprises a template, a cutter head and a bottom support, the template is arranged above the bottom support, and the cutter disc is mounted on the side of the bottom support for cutting the formed rock mass to form a fractured rock body;
  • the water source loading device comprises a water source and a rock body water storage structure, and a water pump and a rock body are connected between the water source and the rock body water storage structure.
  • An arched opening is arranged on the water storage structure, and the size of the arched opening is adapted to the size of the fractured rock mass;
  • the surrounding rock pressurizing device comprises at least one bracket and a pressurized structure disposed under the bracket, and a space for accommodating the fractured rock body is left under the pressurized structure;
  • the bottom support and the bracket are both movably mounted on the slide rail.
  • a test device for simulating the fracture water inrush is formed, and the water pressure in the rock water storage structure can be controlled by the water pump to simulate different The water in the crack under water pressure.
  • the fractured rock mass When the fractured rock mass is pressurized by the surrounding rock pressure device, the demand for the surrounding rock stress in different environments can be simulated, and then the collapse of the fractured rock mass can be simulated.
  • the arched template comprises an upper die and a lower die
  • the lower die is mounted on the bottom bracket, and the upper die, the lower die and the bottom bracket form a molding cavity of the arched rock body.
  • the upper mold is provided with a material injection port.
  • the upper surface of the lower mold is a semi-cylindrical molding surface, and the chamber of the upper mold is arched.
  • the cutter head is movably mounted on the lower mold by a guide rail and is movable in a horizontal direction along the lower mold; and the length of the lower mold is greater than the length of the cutter head.
  • an arched rock body is prepared through an arched template. After the arched rock body is made, the cutter head is slid, and the arched rock mass on the lower mold is cut to form a fractured rock mass. Since the cutter head is mounted on the lower mold, it is more convenient for cutting the rock body, improving the cutting efficiency, saving time and labor.
  • the upper mold is mounted on the frame, and a telescopic rod is connected between the upper mold and the frame.
  • the telescopic rod easily controls the lifting of the upper mold, facilitating the fabrication of the arched rock mass and the separation of the upper mold and the arched rock mass.
  • the lower die is placed on two sets of bottom brackets, which are a first set of bottom brackets and a second set of bottom brackets, the first set of bottom brackets are fixed at the ends of the slide rails, and the second set of bottom brackets are movablely installed.
  • the upper mold, the lower mold and the second set of bottom brackets form a molding cavity of the arched rock body.
  • the second set of bottom brackets can drive the fractured rock mass to slide, realize separation from the lower mold, and can slide to the position of the water source loading device or/and the surrounding rock pressure device to perform corresponding tests.
  • the cutter head is provided with a plurality of blades, and the blades are staggered for generating joint cracks.
  • the angle of the blade on the cutter head can be adjusted for generating different joint cracks.
  • the rock body water storage structure is arched, and an arched water storage tank is disposed inside the rock body water storage structure.
  • the bracket is a steel frame.
  • the top inner surface of the steel frame is arched.
  • the pressurizing structure comprises a plurality of sets of pressing devices, each set of pressing devices comprising a hydraulic jack and a curved plate, one end of the hydraulic jack being fixed on the lower surface of the steel frame, and the other end of the hydraulic jack and the arc A fixed connection between the plates.
  • the lower surface of the steel frame is designed to be arched, and a pressurized structure such as a hydraulic jack is installed on the inner side of the arched steel frame to better simulate the pressure of the tunnel and simulate the collapse. It can more accurately simulate the collapse of the tunnel and the cracks of the rock mass under the action of pressure.
  • the plurality of sets of pressurizing means are arranged in a row, and the plurality of curved sheets are connected in an arch shape.
  • the plurality of curved plates are connected in an arch shape to achieve uniform pressurization of the fractured rock mass.
  • a test method for collapse of a fractured rock body and water inrush from a fracture includes the following steps:
  • the solidified material can be recycled after being melted.
  • the rock mass crack is cut by a cutter head with adjustable blade angle, and the cutter blade angle can be adjusted to generate different sets of joint cracks.
  • the steel frame, steel gantry and gantry bottom plate are composed of high-strength steel components through the reserved bolt slot splicing, which is detachable and can meet the strength requirements.
  • the hydraulic jack installed inside the steel gantry acts on the surface of the simulated rock mass after forming through the curved plate, and adjusts the exerting force of the jack through the numerical control system to simulate the demand of surrounding rock stress under different environments.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 are schematic views of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the confining pressure loading system of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a cutter head of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the solidification process of the material of the present invention
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a rock mass crack cutting process of the present invention.
  • a new type of device for studying the collapse of the fractured rock mass and the water inrush in the tunnel and the underground engineering mainly includes (1) the fracture rock mass simulation system: the upper steel frame 6 can be installed.
  • the telescopic rod 5 is connected to the upper mold 2, and the telescopic rod 5 is telescopically controlled to lift and lower the upper mold 2.
  • the upper mold 2 is lowered to cooperate with the lower mold to form a molding cavity for simulating the rock mass.
  • the material injection port 1 is reserved above the upper mold 2.
  • the bottom support 4, the lower mold and the upper mold 2 constitute a closed chamber, the upper mold 2 is arched, and the upper surface of the lower mold is also curved, and the sealed chamber is formed.
  • the arch shape since there is substantially no dead angle in the sealed chamber, when the material is injected from the material injection port 1, a solidified compact rock mass material can be obtained in the molding chamber.
  • the cutter head 3 is movably mounted on the lower mold through the guide rail, and the guide rail is disposed in a horizontal direction.
  • the injected fluid state similar material such as hot melt paraffin
  • the solid rock body is obtained after solidification, and the cutter head 3 is oriented along the guide rail.
  • the obtained simulated rock mass slides and cuts the simulated rock mass to realize the formation of cracks inside the rock mass. Since the crack inside the rock mass generally starts from a point and radially extends a plurality of cracks to the outside, in order to better simulate the internal crack of the rock mass, the cutter head 3 here should not be a single blade. It should be a meshed blade assembly that is assembled from multiple blades in a staggered arrangement. The blade angle can be adjusted according to the block cutting requirements to realize the generation of different sets of structural faces.
  • the external steel gantry 14 acts as a reaction force device.
  • the hydraulic jack 7 is installed on the surface of the formed fractured rock mass 16 to control the force of the hydraulic jack 7 through the numerical control system to realize the rock under different environments. The need for body stress.
  • the top inner surface of the outer steel gantry 14 is arched, and a plurality of hydraulic jacks are mounted along the outer surface of the top of the steel gantry 14.
  • the hydraulic jacks 7 are preferably of the same type so that the lower ends of the hydraulic jacks 7 are connected with curved plates.
  • a plurality of curved plates are connected end to end to form an arch structure.
  • the end-to-end connection here is not strictly required, and a certain gap is left between adjacent curved plates.
  • Water source loading system the water storage tank 12 behind the outer steel gantry 14 passes through the water conduit 13 and the inside of the steel gantry 14
  • the simulated water storage structure 15 is connected to realize the research on the fracture water guiding structure of the rock mass.
  • the water storage tank 12 is equipped with a pressurized water pump 11 to control the water pressure by adjusting the pressure valve to realize the research on the influence of water pressure on the water inrush criterion;
  • Water is supplied to the water storage structure 15 by the pressurized water pump, and the water pressure in the water storage structure 15 is adjusted by adjusting the pressure control valve, and the relationship between the water pressure in the rock mass and the water storage structure 15 is observed by observing the fracture. To achieve the study of the influence of water pressure on the water inrush criterion.
  • Two sliding rails are installed on the bottom plate 9, two sliding rails are installed side by side, and the bottom supporting brackets 4 are mounted on the two sliding rails, so that the bottom supporting brackets 4 are freely slid on the pedestal bottom plate 9 to satisfy the multi-slide simulation rock. Body production and splicing.
  • the steel frame 6 and the pedestal bottom plate 9 are formed by splicing steel steel plates with bolt slots, and the lower portion of the steel frame 6 is bolted to the pedestal bottom plate 9 by bolts.
  • the steel gantry 14 is made up of high-strength manganese steel members through high-strength bolted joints.
  • the slab bottom plate 9 is formed by splicing of steel plates with bolt slots in parallel, and the bolts required for the steel gantry and the bottom plate 9 are passed through the high-strength bolts of the bottom plate. The slot is fixed.
  • the steel jack 14 is internally mounted with a hydraulic jack 7 acting on the surface of the formed rock body through the curved plate 8 , and the pressure value of the hydraulic jack input system is controlled by the numerical control hydraulic loading system to control the surface force of the rock mass 8 to achieve different The need for environmental stress in the surrounding rock environment.
  • the water storage structure simulated inside the steel gantry 14 is composed of a steel frame, and the internal space is rounded and conformed to the shape of the simulated rock body, and can closely fit the rock body.
  • Two or three horizontal slide rails are laid on the bottom plate 9 of the gantry.
  • two horizontal slide rails can achieve the test purpose, and one horizontal slide rail can better ensure the uniformity of sliding and avoid the process of sliding. Deflection occurs in the middle. After each simulated rock mass is formed, the simulated rock mass, together with each support, slides along the sliding rail to the corresponding steel truss and is subjected to the pressure exerted by the hydraulic jack 7.
  • a test device for a collapse of a fractured rock body and a water inrush from a fracture comprises the following steps:
  • the box type high-strength manganese steel members are combined into a bottom support by a high-strength bolt connection, and a groove is left in the lower part of the four seats, and can be moved along the slide rail 10.
  • the support 4 is mounted in the middle of the support, the cylindrical lower die is designed on the upper side of the support, and the cutter head 3 with an adjustable angle is installed in the front half of the lower mold.
  • High-strength manganese steel members are assembled into a steel gantry 14 by high-strength bolt connection, a hydraulic jack 7 is mounted on the lower surface of the steel gantry 14, and a curved plate 8 is mounted on the other end of the hydraulic jack 7.
  • a water storage tank 12 is installed behind the steel gantry 14, and the water storage tank 12 is provided with a pressurized water pump 11 through the water conduit 13 and the rock The body water storage structure 15 is connected.
  • the inside of the steel gantry 14 is assembled into a simulated rock mass storage structure 15 by a steel frame, and the internal space is rounded and closely fitted with the simulated fractured rock body 16.

Abstract

一种裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的试验装置及试验方法，包括裂隙岩体(16)制备装置、水源加载装置、围岩加压装置和滑轨(10)，其中，裂隙岩体(16)制备装置固定在滑轨(10)的一端，水源加载装置固定在滑轨(10)的另一侧；裂隙岩体(16)制备装置包括模板、刀盘(3)和底部支座(4)，模板设置于底部支座(4)上方，刀盘(3)安装在底部支座(4)的侧面，用于对成型后的岩体进行切割，形成裂隙岩体(16)；水源加载装置包括水源和岩体储水结构(15)，水源与岩体储水结构(15)之间连接有水泵(11)，岩体储水结构（15）上设置有开口，开口的大小与裂隙岩体(16)的大小相适应；围岩加压装置包括至少一个支架和设置于支架下方的加压结构，加压结构的下方留出用于容纳裂隙岩体(16)的空间；底部支座(4)和支架均活动安装在滑轨(10)上。

Description

一种裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的试验装置及试验方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的试验装置及试验方法，可以将岩体塌方和裂缝突水的结构集成到一个装置上，实现了对两种灾害的研究。
技术背景
伴随着我国经济的高速发展，国家向基础设施建设的投资增加，在我国西南地区建设的水利水电工程和隧道工程等越来越多，其中，存在大量的地下工程。塌方和突水是地下工程中常见的灾害形式，塌方是拱顶的岩体发生失稳坠落的过程，突水是储水构造或地下暗河通过导水构造大量涌水的现象。无论是施工过程还是运营期，地下工程塌方和突水都会对人的生命财产安全造成巨大的损失。地下工程模型试验是按照相似比和相似理论将实际工程按照一定的比例缩小成一个模型，通过在比例缩小或等比模型上进行相应的试验，获取相关数据得到相关结论，已成为地下工程领域最为主要的研究手段之一。研究地下工程塌方掉块机理和岩体裂隙突水机制对地下工程防灾减灾具有重要的指导意义。以往的模型试验针对地下工程塌方掉块机理和裂隙岩体突水机制研究很少，或单单某方面针对地下工程突水展开模型试验研究，而没有一种可以同时满足塌方掉块机理研究与岩体裂隙导水机制研究双重实验需要的试验装置。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术中存在的技术问题，提供一种裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的试验装置及试验方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种用于裂隙岩体试验的裂隙岩体制备装置，包括上模、下模、底部支座和刀盘，所述下模固定在底部支座上，上模位于下模的上方，上模、下模和底部支座构成模拟岩体的成型腔；刀盘通过导轨活动安装在下模上，导轨水平设置；岩体成型后，刀盘朝向岩体滑动，将岩体进行切割，得到裂隙岩体。
一种裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的试验装置，包括裂隙岩体制备装置、水源加载装置、围岩加压装置和滑轨，其中，裂隙岩体制备装置固定在滑轨的一端，水源加载装置固定在滑轨的另一侧；
裂隙岩体制备装置包括模板、刀盘和底部支座，模板设置于底部支座上方，刀盘安装在底部支座的侧面，用于对成型后的岩体进行切割，形成裂隙岩体；
水源加载装置包括水源和岩体储水结构，水源与岩体储水结构之间连接有水泵，岩体 储水结构上设置有拱形开口，拱形开口的大小与裂隙岩体的大小相适应；
围岩加压装置包括至少一个支架和设置于支架下方的加压结构，所述加压结构的下方留出用于容纳裂隙岩体的空间；
所述底部支座和支架均活动安装在所述滑轨上。
将成型后的裂隙岩体滑动到与岩体储水结构的拱形开口密封配合时，构成用于模拟裂隙突水的试验装置，通过水泵控制岩体储水结构中的水压，可以模拟不同水压下的裂隙突水。
通过围岩加压装置对裂隙岩体进行加压时，可以模拟不同环境下围岩地应力的需求，进而可以模拟裂隙岩体的塌方掉块。
当同时使用水源加载装置和围岩加压装置时，可以模仿在不同环境围岩地应力、不同的水压作用下，裂隙岩体的塌方掉块和裂隙突水的情况。
优选的，所述拱形模板包括上模和下模，下模安装在底部支架上，上模、下模和底部支架构成拱形岩体的成型腔。
进一步优选的，所述上模上设置有材料注入口。
进一步优选的，所述下模的上表面为半圆柱面的成型面，上模的腔室为拱形。
进一步优选的，所述刀盘通过导轨活动安装在所述下模上，可沿下模作水平方向运动；且下模的长度大于刀盘的长度。
首先通过拱形模板制备拱形岩体，拱形岩体制成后，滑动刀盘，将下模上的拱形岩体进行切割，生成裂隙岩体。刀盘由于安装在下模上，更方便岩体的切割，提高切割效率，省时省力。
进一步优选的，所述上模安装在框架上，上模与框架之间连接有伸缩杆。
伸缩杆容易控制上模的升降，便于拱形岩体的制作和上模与拱形岩体的分离。
进一步优选的，所述下模放置在两组底部支架上，分别为第一组底部支架和第二组底部支架，第一组底部支架固定在滑轨的端部，第二组底部支架活动安装在滑轨上，上模、下模和第二组底部支架构成拱形岩体的成型腔。
裂隙岩体成型后，第二组底部支架可以带动裂隙岩体进行滑动，实现与下模的分离，并且可以滑动到水源加载装置或/和围岩加压装置的位置，进行相应试验。
优选的，所述刀盘上设置有多个刀片，刀片交错设置，用于生成节理裂隙。
进一步优选的，所述刀盘上的刀片的角度可以调节，用于生成不同的节理裂隙。
优选的，所述岩体储水构造为拱形，岩体储水构造内部设置拱形储水槽。
优选的，所述支架为钢框架。
进一步优选的，所述钢框架的顶部内表面为拱形。
更进一步优选的，所述加压结构包括若干组加压装置，每组加压装置包括液压千斤顶和弧形板片，液压千斤顶的一端固定在钢框架的下表面，液压千斤顶的另一端与弧形板片之间固定连接。
由于隧道的顶端也是拱形，将钢框架的下表面设计成拱形，并在拱形的钢框架的内侧安装液压千斤顶等加压结构，可以更好地模拟隧道的受压情况，模拟塌方，可以更准确地模拟隧道在加压作用下发生的塌方掉块和岩体裂隙的情况。
再进一步优选的，多组加压装置成排设置，多个弧形板片连接成拱形。
多个弧形板片连接成拱形，可以实现裂隙岩体的均匀加压。
一种裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的试验方法，包括如下步骤：
1)向模具中注入相似材料，制成模拟岩体，将上模与模拟岩体进行分离；
2)将刀盘向模拟岩体滑动，对岩体进行切割，得到裂隙岩体；
3)将裂隙岩体与下模进行分离；
4)将裂隙岩体移动到岩体储水结构处，与岩体储水结构的开口密封设置；
5)向岩体储水结构内注水，调整内部水压，进行裂隙突水试验；
6)利用围岩加压装置对裂隙岩体进行加压，进行裂隙塌方试验；
或在进行裂隙突水试验过程中进行裂隙岩体加压；
以上步骤的顺序只要不影响试验，可以调整。
本发明的有益效果为：
1、采用流态相似材料，如将热熔的石蜡进行凝固模拟岩体，凝固后的材料融化后可以循环使用。
2、岩体裂隙采用刀片角度可调节的刀盘进行切割，调节刀盘刀片角度可以生成不同组的节理裂隙。
3、钢框架、钢台架、台架底板由高强度钢构件通过预留螺栓槽拼接组成，具有可拆装性，并能满足强度的要求。
4、钢台架内部安装液压千斤顶通过弧形板片作用在成型后的模拟岩体表面，通过数控系统调节千斤顶的施加力，模拟不同环境下围岩地应力的需求。
5、在钢台架内部设计岩体储水结构，形状与模拟裂隙岩体一致，可以与裂隙岩体紧密贴合，通过对岩体储水结构内的水压的调整，可以实现水压对突水判据的影响的研究。
附图说明
图1和图2为本发明的整体结构示意图；
图3和图4为本发明的部分结构示意图；
图5为本发明的围压加载系统示意图；
图6为本发明的刀盘示意图；
图7为本发明材料凝固过程示意图；
图8为本发明的岩体裂隙切割过程示意图。
其中，1、材料注入口；2、上模；3、刀盘；4、底部支座；5、伸缩杆；6、钢框架；7、液压千斤顶；8、弧形板片；9、底板；10、滑轨；11、加压水泵；12、储水箱；13、导水管；14、钢台架；15、岩体储水结构；16、裂隙岩体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实例对本发明做进一步说明：
如图1和图2所示，一种用于研究隧道与地下工程中裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的新型装置，主要包括(1)裂隙岩体模拟系统：上部钢框架6安装可伸缩杆5与上模2相连，可伸缩杆5的伸缩控制上模2的升降，可伸缩杆5伸长时，上模2下降，与下模配合，构成模拟岩体的成型腔。上模2上方预留材料注入口1，底部支座4、下模与上模2构成封闭腔室，上模2为拱形，下模的上表面也为弧形，形成的密封腔室为拱形，由于密封腔室中基本没有死角，所以，当材料从材料注入口1注入时，在成型腔室中可得到凝固密实的模拟岩体材料。
刀盘3通过导轨活动安装在下模上，导轨水平方向设置，当注入的流态相似材料，如热熔的石蜡，注入成型腔中，凝固后得到模拟岩体，将刀盘3沿着导轨朝向得到的模拟岩体滑动，切割模拟岩体，实现岩体内部裂隙的生成。由于岩体内部的裂隙一般是以一点为起点，成辐射状的向外侧延伸多条裂纹，所以，为了更好地模拟岩体的内部裂纹，此处的刀盘3不应该是单一的刀片，应该是由多个刀片交错设置拼装而成的成网状的刀片组件。可以根据块体切割要求调节刀片角度，实现不同组结构面的生成。
(2)围岩加压系统：外部钢台架14作为反力装置内部安装液压千斤顶7作用在成型的裂隙岩体16表面，通过数控系统控制液压千斤顶7作用力的大小，实现不同环境下岩体应力的需求。外部钢台架14的顶部内表面为拱形，沿着钢台架14的顶部外表面安装多个液压千斤顶，液压千斤顶7的型号最好相同，使得液压千斤顶7的下端均连接有弧形板片，多个弧形板片首尾相接，形成拱形结构，此处的首尾相接并不是严格要求的，相邻的弧形板片之间留有一定的间隙也是可以的。当这些液压千斤顶7通过弧形板片对得到的模拟岩体进行施压时，可以使压力分布均匀，更准确模拟隧道的受力情况。
(3)水源加载系统：外部钢台架14后方的储水箱12通过导水管13与钢台架14内部 模拟的储水构造15相连通，实现对岩体裂隙导水构造的研究，储水箱12安装有加压水泵11，通过调节压力阀控制水压，实现水压对突水判据影响的研究；通过加压水泵向储水构造15中输送水，并通过调节压力控制阀来实现对储水构造15中的水压的调整，通过观察裂隙模拟岩体与储水构造15中的水压的关系，来实现水压对突水判据影响的研究。
(4)底板9上安装两条滑轨，两条滑轨并列安装，底部支座4安装在两条滑轨上，实现底部支座4在台架底板9上自由滑动，满足多榀模拟岩体的制作与拼接。
钢框架6、台架底板9由带有螺栓槽的型钢钢板拼接组成，钢框架6下部通过螺栓与台架底板9栓接固定。
钢台架14由高强锰钢构件通过高强度螺栓连接组合而成，台架底板9由带有螺栓槽的型钢钢板并列拼接而成，通过底板高强螺栓将钢台架与底板9所要求的螺栓槽位固定。
所述钢台架14内部安装液压千斤顶7通过弧形板片8作用在成型的岩体表面，通过数控液压加载系统输入设计的压力值控制液压千斤顶8作用在岩体表面力的大小，实现不同围岩环境地应力的需要。
所述钢台架14内部模拟的储水构造外部由钢架组成，内部空间呈圆拱形与模拟岩体形状一致，可以和岩体紧密贴合。
所述台架底板9上铺设两条或三条水平滑轨，实际上，两条水平滑轨即可以实现试验目的，多一条水平滑轨可以更好地保证滑动的一致性，避免在滑动的过程中发生偏转。每榀模拟岩体成型后，模拟岩体连同每榀支座沿滑轨滑动至对应每榀钢台架，承受液压千斤顶7施加的压力。
一种裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的试验装置，操作方法包括以下几步：
(1)将带有螺栓槽的型钢钢板并列拼接组装成台架底板9，并在底板9上铺设两条水平滑轨10。
(2)采用型钢钢板拼接成钢框架6，框架下部通过螺栓与台架底板9栓接固定。钢框架下部安装可伸缩拉杆5，用螺栓固定。
(3)采用型钢钢板焊接成圆拱形上模2，上模2上方留有圆形材料注入孔1。
(4)将盒式高强锰钢构件通过高强度螺栓连接组合成4底部支座，4支座下部留有凹槽，可沿滑轨10移动。支座4中间安装支架，支架上方设计圆筒形下模，下模前半部分安装角度可调的刀盘3。
(5)采用高强锰钢构件通过高强度螺栓连接组装成钢台架14，钢台架14下表面安装液压千斤顶7，液压千斤顶7另一端安装弧形板片8。
(6)钢台架14后方安装储水箱12，储水箱12带有加压水泵11，通过导水管13与岩 体储水结构15连通。
(7)钢台架14内部采用钢架组装成模拟的岩体储水结构15，内部空间呈圆拱形与模拟裂隙岩体16紧密贴合。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于裂隙岩体试验的裂隙岩体制备装置，其特征在于：包括上模、下模、底部支座和刀盘，所述下模固定在底部支座上，上模位于下模的上方，上模、下模和底部支座构成模拟岩体的成型腔；刀盘通过导轨活动安装在下模上，导轨水平设置；岩体成型后，刀盘朝向岩体滑动，将岩体进行切割，得到裂隙岩体。
  2. 一种裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的试验装置，其特征在于：包括裂隙岩体制备装置、水源加载装置、围岩加压装置和滑轨，其中，裂隙岩体制备装置固定在滑轨的一端，水源加载装置固定在滑轨的另一侧；
    裂隙岩体制备装置包括模板、刀盘和底部支座，模板设置于底部支座上方，刀盘安装在底部支座的侧面，用于对成型后的岩体进行切割，形成裂隙岩体；
    水源加载装置包括水源和岩体储水结构，水源与岩体储水结构之间连接有水泵，岩体储水结构上设置有开口，开口的大小与裂隙岩体的大小相适应；围岩加压装置包括至少一个支架和设置于支架下方的加压结构，所述加压结构的下方留出用于容纳裂隙岩体的空间；
    所述底部支座和支架均活动安装在所述滑轨上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的试验装置，其特征在于：将成型后的裂隙岩体滑动到与岩体储水结构的拱形开口密封配合时，构成用于模拟裂隙突水的试验装置，通过水泵控制岩体储水结构中的水压，可以模拟不同水压下的裂隙突水。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的试验装置，其特征在于：所述拱形模板包括上模和下模，下模安装在底部支架上，上模、下模和底部支架构成拱形岩体的成型腔；
    优选的，所述下模的上表面为半圆柱面的成型面，上模的腔室为拱形；
    优选的，所述刀盘通过导轨活动安装在所述下模上，可沿下模作水平方向运动；且下模的长度大于刀盘的长度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的试验装置，其特征在于：所述下模放置在两组底部支架上，分别为第一组底部支架和第二组底部支架，第一组底部支架固定在滑轨的端部，第二组底部支架活动安装在滑轨上，上模、下模和第二组底部支架构成拱形岩体的成型腔。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的试验装置，其特征在于：所述刀盘上设置有多个刀片，刀片交错设置，用于生成节理裂隙；
    优选的，所述刀盘上的刀片的角度可以调节，用于生成不同的节理裂隙。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的试验装置，其特征在于：所述支架为钢框架，所述钢框架的下表面为拱形。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的试验装置，其特征在于：所述加压结构包括若干组加压装置，每组加压装置包括液压千斤顶和弧形板片，液压千斤顶的一端固定在钢框架的下表面，液 压千斤顶的另一端与弧形板片之间固定连接；
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的试验装置，其特征在于：多组加压装置成排设置，多个弧形板片连接成拱形。
  10. 一种裂隙岩体塌方掉块及裂隙突水的试验方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    1)向模具中注入相似材料，制成模拟岩体，将上模与模拟岩体进行分离；
    2)将刀盘向模拟岩体滑动，对岩体进行切割，得到裂隙岩体；
    3)将裂隙岩体与下模进行分离；
    4)将裂隙岩体移动到岩体储水结构处，与岩体储水结构的开口密封设置；
    5)向岩体储水结构内注水，调整内部水压，进行裂隙突水试验；
    6)利用围岩加压装置对裂隙岩体进行加压，进行裂隙塌方试验；
    或在进行裂隙突水试验过程中进行裂隙岩体加压；
    以上步骤的顺序只要不影响试验，可以调整。
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