WO2018050017A1 - 轴承状态监测控制方法及控制装置、监测设备、监测方法 - Google Patents

轴承状态监测控制方法及控制装置、监测设备、监测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018050017A1
WO2018050017A1 PCT/CN2017/100861 CN2017100861W WO2018050017A1 WO 2018050017 A1 WO2018050017 A1 WO 2018050017A1 CN 2017100861 W CN2017100861 W CN 2017100861W WO 2018050017 A1 WO2018050017 A1 WO 2018050017A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
monitoring
rolling
rotation rate
cage
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PCT/CN2017/100861
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张恺
郭磊
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
张恺
郭磊
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Publication of WO2018050017A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018050017A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/443—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed mounted in bearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of bearings, in particular to a bearing condition monitoring and control method, a control device, a monitoring device and a monitoring method.
  • the bearing generally includes an inner ring, an outer ring, rolling elements disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring, and a retainer for supporting the rolling elements. Failure of any of the inner ring, the outer ring, the rolling element, and the cage, such as peeling of the surface, may cause an abnormality in the state of the bearing. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the state of the bearing and troubleshoot the time.
  • the present invention proposes a new solution to monitor the condition of the bearing components.
  • the present invention provides a bearing condition monitoring and control method, comprising: obtaining an autorotation rate of a rolling element of the bearing as it passes through each monitoring point during operation of the bearing, the monitoring point surrounding the The circumferential arrangement of the bearing; the state of the rolling element, the cage, the rotating ring or the non-rotating ring of the bearing is determined according to the rotation rate.
  • determining a state of the rolling element or the cage of the bearing according to the rotation rate comprising: determining a statistical value of the rotation rate of the rolling body, the statistical value is a variance or a standard deviation, according to a statistical value
  • the size of the bearing determines the shape of the rolling element or cage of the bearing state.
  • determining a state of the rolling element or the cage of the bearing according to the rotation rate comprising: determining a statistical value of the rotation rate of the rolling body; and obtaining a reference value of a fluctuation degree of the rotation rate of the rolling element Comparing the statistical value with the reference value to obtain a first difference value; and when the first difference value is greater than the first threshold value, determining that the rolling element or the cage of the bearing is faulty.
  • the reference value is a variance or a standard deviation of the rotation rate of the rolling element when passing through each of the monitoring points under normal operation.
  • determining the state of the rotating ring, the non-rotating ring or the cage of the bearing according to the rotation rate comprises: comparing the rotation rate of the rolling element through one of the monitoring points and the respective rotation rate when passing through the remaining monitoring points The mean value is obtained to obtain a second difference; when the second difference is greater than the second threshold, it is determined that the rotating ring, the non-rotating ring or the cage of the bearing is faulty.
  • determining the state of the rolling element or the cage of the bearing according to the rotation rate comprises: comparing the rotation rate of one of the rolling elements passing the monitoring point with the rotation rate of the remaining rolling elements passing the monitoring point The mean value is obtained to obtain a third difference value; when the third difference value is greater than the third threshold value, it is determined that the rolling element is faulty, or the cage is faulty at the position of the rolling element.
  • each of the monitoring points is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the bearing.
  • the number of the monitoring points is not less than the number of the rolling bodies.
  • the present invention also provides a bearing condition monitoring and control device, comprising: an acquiring unit, configured to acquire a rotation rate of a rolling element of the bearing when passing through each monitoring point during operation of the bearing, the monitoring point surrounding the a circumferential arrangement of the bearing; a determining unit configured to determine a state of the rolling element, the cage, the rotating ring or the non-rotating ring of the bearing according to the rotation rate acquired by the acquiring unit.
  • the determining unit includes: a determining module, configured to determine a statistical value of the rotation rate of the rolling body, the statistical value is a variance or a standard deviation; and a first determining module, configured to determine according to the determining The magnitude of the statistical value determined by the module determines the state of the rolling elements or cage of the bearing.
  • the first determining module is configured to: when the statistical value determined by the determining module is greater than a set value, determine that the rolling element or the cage of the bearing is faulty.
  • the determining unit includes: a determining module, configured to determine a statistical value of the rotation rate of the rolling body, the statistical value is a variance or a standard deviation; and an acquiring module, configured to acquire the rolling body a reference value for the degree of fluctuation of the rotation rate; a first comparison module, configured to compare the statistical value obtained by the determining module with the reference value obtained by the obtaining module to obtain a first difference value; and the second determining module is configured to: When the first difference obtained by the first comparison module is greater than the first threshold, it is determined that the rolling element or the cage of the bearing is faulty.
  • the reference value is a variance or a standard deviation of the rotation rate of the rolling element when passing through each of the monitoring points under normal operation.
  • the determining unit further includes: a second comparing module, configured to compare an autorotation rate of the rolling body through one of the monitoring points and an average value of each rotation rate when passing through the remaining monitoring points, to obtain a first And a third determining module, configured to determine that the rotating ring, the non-rotating ring or the cage of the bearing is faulty when the second difference obtained by the second comparing module is greater than a second threshold.
  • a second comparing module configured to compare an autorotation rate of the rolling body through one of the monitoring points and an average value of each rotation rate when passing through the remaining monitoring points, to obtain a first
  • a third determining module configured to determine that the rotating ring, the non-rotating ring or the cage of the bearing is faulty when the second difference obtained by the second comparing module is greater than a second threshold.
  • the method further includes: a third comparison module, configured to compare an average value of a rotation rate of one of the rolling elements passing through the monitoring point and a rotation rate of the remaining rolling elements passing through the monitoring point to obtain a third difference; And a determining module, configured to determine that the rolling element is faulty when the third difference obtained by the third comparing module is greater than the third threshold, or that the cage is faulty at the position of the rolling body.
  • a third comparison module configured to compare an average value of a rotation rate of one of the rolling elements passing through the monitoring point and a rotation rate of the remaining rolling elements passing through the monitoring point to obtain a third difference
  • a determining module configured to determine that the rolling element is faulty when the third difference obtained by the third comparing module is greater than the third threshold, or that the cage is faulty at the position of the rolling body.
  • each of the monitoring points is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the bearing.
  • the number of the monitoring points is not less than the number of the rolling bodies.
  • the present invention also provides a bearing condition monitoring apparatus, comprising: the bearing condition monitoring and control device according to any one of the above-mentioned items; and a rotation speed detecting portion for detecting a rotation rate of the rolling elements of the bearing passing through the respective monitoring points.
  • the rotation speed detecting portion includes: a magnetic member for mounting on a rolling body of the bearing; a magnetic induction member for mounting at each of the monitoring points; and the magnetic member for generating a magnetic signal
  • the magnetic induction member is configured to receive the magnetic signal of the rolling element of the bearing, convert the received magnetic signal into an electrical signal when passing through each monitoring point, and send the electrical signal to the bearing state monitoring control
  • the bearing condition monitoring control device obtains the rotation rate of the rolling body based on the received electrical signal.
  • each of the monitoring points is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the bearing.
  • the number of the monitoring points is not less than the number of the rolling bodies.
  • the magnetic member is disposed on each of the rolling bodies of the bearing.
  • the present invention also provides a bearing condition monitoring method, comprising: determining a plurality of monitoring points, the monitoring points are disposed around a circumference of the bearing; and setting a rotation speed detecting portion at each of the monitoring points to obtain a rolling element of the bearing.
  • the bearing state monitoring control method according to any one of the above, wherein the rotation rate is passed through each of the monitoring points.
  • the setting the rotation speed detecting portion at each of the monitoring points to obtain the rotation rate of the rolling elements of the bearing passing through each of the monitoring points comprises: providing a magnetic induction component at each of the monitoring points; a magnetic member is disposed on one or more rolling bodies of the bearing; the magnetic member is for generating a magnetic signal, and the magnetic sensing member is configured to receive the rolling element of the bearing, and the magnetic signal is received when passing through each monitoring point
  • the magnetic signal is converted into an electrical signal; the rotation rate of the rolling body is obtained according to the electrical signal.
  • the magnetic members are respectively disposed on each of the rolling bodies.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bearing condition monitoring control method according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 are schematic views respectively showing an embodiment of determining the state of different parts of the bearing according to the rotation rate in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a structural schematic view of a bearing condition monitoring and control device in a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a structural schematic view of another bearing condition monitoring and control device in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a bearing condition monitoring apparatus of the present invention.
  • the state of the bearing is generally monitored by means of vibration monitoring, and the vibration signal is used for fault diagnosis.
  • a vibration displacement sensor or a vibration acceleration sensor is generally mounted on the outer ring of the bearing for collecting the vibration signal of the bearing, and obtaining the vibration frequency and amplitude of each part in the bearing according to the vibration signal, if the vibration frequency of a part is set Within the range and the amplitude exceeds the set value, it is determined that the part has failed.
  • the bearing failure mainly occurs on several parts such as the rolling element, the cage, the raceway of the inner ring or the raceway of the outer ring.
  • the cause of the failure is mostly the contact surface of the above parts. Peeling occurred. In the above parts, the peeling of the contact surface of any part affects the rotation speed of the rolling elements, so that the self-rotation speed of the rolling elements The rate has changed.
  • the present application proposes a bearing condition monitoring and control method, a control device, a monitoring device and a monitoring method, and determines a specific part of a fault occurrence according to the rotation speed of the rolling element, thereby completing monitoring of most bearing faults.
  • the embodiment provides a bearing condition monitoring and control method. Referring to FIG. 1, the method includes the following steps:
  • S11 acquiring, during the operation of the bearing, a rotation speed of the rolling elements of the bearing when passing through respective monitoring points, wherein the monitoring points are disposed around a circumferential direction of the bearing;
  • S12 Determine the state of the rolling element, the cage, the rotating ring or the non-rotating ring of the bearing according to the rotation rate.
  • the present scheme determines the state of the rolling element, the cage, the rotating ring or the non-rotating ring of the bearing according to the magnitude of the rotation speed of the rolling element, and can more accurately and effectively treat the various parts of the bearing, especially the rolling elements.
  • the failure of the cage is monitored.
  • Step S11 During the operation of the bearing, the rotation speed of the rolling elements of the bearing when passing through the respective monitoring points is obtained, and the respective monitoring points are arranged around the circumferential direction of the bearing (ie, the circumferential direction).
  • This step is to obtain the rate of rotation of the rolling elements as they pass through the various monitoring points.
  • the monitoring point is a fixed point, and when the bearing is running, the monitoring point is fixed. If the bearing contains a non-rotating ring, the monitoring point can be placed on the non-rotating ring; if the bearing contains a bearing seat for supporting the rotating or non-rotating ring, the monitoring point can be placed on the bearing housing.
  • the bearing may include a rotating ring and a non-rotating ring, or only a rotating ring.
  • the distribution pattern of the monitoring points in the circumferential direction is not limited.
  • the monitoring points are distributed as evenly as possible around the circumference of the bearing.
  • the type of the bearing referred to in this embodiment is not limited, and may be a bearing for receiving a radial load, such as a radial bearing, or a bearing for receiving an axial load, such as a thrust bearing, etc. It can be a bearing that is used to withstand both radial and axial loads, such as a radial thrust bearing.
  • Step S12 Determine the state of the rolling element, the cage, the rotating ring or the non-rotating ring of the bearing according to the rotation rate.
  • step 12 the state of the different parts of the bearing can be monitored by differently analyzing the rate of rotation according to the rate of rotation of each rolling element.
  • the present application provides the following four implementations of performing step S12 to analyze the rate of rotation and obtain the state of the bearing components.
  • Embodiment 1 The purpose of the embodiment is to monitor the state of the rolling elements or the cage.
  • the first embodiment is mainly based on the probability statistics of each obtained auto-rotation rate, and the size of the statistical value is used as a determination basis.
  • the purpose of the first embodiment is to perform probability statistics on the obtained autorotation rates, obtain statistical values, and then determine the state of the roller or cage of the bearing according to the magnitude of the statistical value.
  • step S12 includes steps S121 to S122.
  • Step S121 Determine a statistical value of the rotation rate of the rolling body, and the statistical value is a variance or a standard deviation. After the statistical value is obtained, the state of the rolling elements or the cage of the bearing is determined based on the magnitude of the statistical value.
  • the samples are established to monitor the respective rotation rates of the rolling bodies as the data in the samples, and the data in the samples are subjected to probability statistics to obtain a sample method, that is, each rotation rate.
  • the obtained statistical value is smaller, that is, the smaller the variance or the standard deviation
  • the smaller the fluctuation of the data in the sample that is, the smaller the fluctuation of the rotation rate of the rolling elements when passing through the respective monitoring points
  • the more stable the running speed of the rolling elements is.
  • the greater the fluctuation of the rotation rate of the rolling elements when passing through the respective monitoring points the more unstable the operating speed of the rolling elements.
  • the present embodiment obtains the rotation rate of the rolling elements of the bearing when passing through the respective monitoring points during the operation of the bearing, wherein each monitoring point is arranged around the circumferential direction of the bearing, and then according to the statistical value of the rotation rate of the rolling elements.
  • the size determines the state of the rolling elements or cage of the bearing, and the failure of the rolling elements and the cage can be monitored more accurately and efficiently than in the prior art.
  • step S122 is performed: when the statistical value is greater than the set value, it is determined that the rolling element or the cage of the bearing is faulty.
  • This setting is a specific value or a range of values.
  • the rate of rotation of the rolling elements at any position should be constant.
  • the rolling element rotates at different positions even when the bearing is in normal operation. There will be some fluctuations.
  • the statistical values need to be within a reasonable range.
  • the reasonable range can be set according to factors such as the operating environment of the bearing, the operation requirements, and the structure of the bearing itself.
  • the bearing In practice, if the bearing is in normal operation, that is, there is no abnormality in the operating state, the fluctuation of the rotation rate of the rolling elements when passing through the respective monitoring points should be within a reasonable fluctuation range. If the fluctuation of the rotation rate of the rolling elements when passing through the respective monitoring points exceeds the reasonable fluctuation range, it means that the operation of the bearing is abnormal, that is, it deviates from the normal operation state. At this time, each part of the bearing may malfunction.
  • the statistical value is greater than the set value and exceeds the reasonable range, it indicates that the stability of the running of the rolling element no longer satisfies the requirement, indicating that the operation of the bearing is abnormal.
  • the rolling element itself has a fault, such as the surface of the rolling element is peeling off, causing its operation to be abnormal
  • the second is that the cage has a fault, such as the contact surface of the cage is peeled off, resulting in support
  • the rolling elements on the cage are not working properly and an abnormality occurs.
  • one of the rolling bodies can be monitored, or multiple or all of the rolling bodies can be monitored separately. If one of the rolling bodies needs to be monitored, the probability of each of the rolling bodies is probabilistically determined and the statistical value is determined to be greater than a set value, thereby determining whether the rolling element is faulty. If it is necessary to monitor a plurality of rolling bodies, respectively, the respective rotation rates of the respective rolling bodies are respectively subjected to probability statistics and respectively determined that the statistical values thereof are greater than the set value, thereby respectively determining whether each rolling element has a failure.
  • the second embodiment also aims to monitor the state of the rolling elements or the cage.
  • step S12 includes step S121 and steps S123 to S125 as described above to determine the state of the rolling element or the cage. Steps S123 to S125 are described below:
  • Step S123 determining a reference value of the degree of fluctuation of the rotation rate of the rolling elements.
  • the reference value is the variance or standard deviation obtained by probabilistic statistics of the rotation rate of the rolling elements passing through the respective monitoring points under normal operating conditions.
  • the reference value of the rolling element is based on the statistical value obtained by the bearing under normal operating conditions.
  • the operating state when the bearing is initially put into use can be regarded as a normal operating state.
  • the reference value in step S123 may be a set value, so there may be no timing relationship between step S123 and steps S11 and S121.
  • Step S124 Comparing the statistical value with the reference value to obtain a first difference value.
  • Step S125 determining that the bearing is the first difference when the first difference is greater than the first threshold The rolling element or cage has failed.
  • the first threshold may be a specific value, and the first difference is greater than the first threshold by directly determining the value.
  • whether the first difference value is greater than a threshold value may be determined by a multiple relationship between the statistical value and the reference value, for example, when the statistical value is greater than twice or more than the reference value, determining the rolling element of the bearing or The cage has failed.
  • Embodiment 3 The purpose of Embodiment 3 is to monitor the state of the rotating ring, the non-rotating ring and the cage.
  • Embodiment 3 mainly compares the rotation speeds of the rolling elements through the respective monitoring points. If the rotation speed of the rolling elements is abnormal when passing through a certain monitoring point, the rotation circle and the non-rotation circle of the bearing are determined. Or the cage fails and the fault occurs at the location of the monitoring point.
  • step S12 includes steps S126 to S127.
  • Step S126 comparing the rotation rate of the rolling element through one of the monitoring points and the average of the respective rotation rates when passing through the remaining monitoring points, to obtain a second difference;
  • Step S127 When the second difference is greater than the second threshold, it is determined that the rotating ring, the non-rotating ring or the cage of the bearing is faulty. Also, at this time, the point at which the failure occurs is usually at the position of the monitoring point.
  • the rate of rotation of the rolling elements through the various monitoring points should be within a reasonable fluctuation range.
  • the rotation rate of the rolling element when passing through one of the monitoring points should be substantially the same as the average of the respective rotation rates when passing through the remaining monitoring points, or the difference between the two is within a reasonable interval, that is, the second difference is not greater than the second threshold.
  • the second difference is greater than the second threshold, it indicates that the rotation speed of the rolling element is abnormal when passing through one of the monitoring points, the rotation ring of the bearing, the non-rotation circle is faulty, and the failure occurrence point is likely to be The location of the monitoring point. Or bearing retention The rack has failed.
  • Embodiment 4 has an object of monitoring the state of a single rolling element or the state of a position where the cage has failed.
  • Embodiment 4 mainly compares the rotation rates of the rolling elements passing through the same monitoring point. If the rotation rate of a rolling element is abnormal, the rolling element fails, or the cage is in the rolling body. The location has failed.
  • step S12 includes steps S128 to S129.
  • Step S128 comparing the average of the rotation rate of one of the rolling elements passing through the monitoring point and the rotation rate of the remaining rolling elements passing the monitoring point to obtain a third difference;
  • Step S129 When the third difference is greater than the third threshold, it is determined that the rolling element is faulty, or the cage is faulty at the position of the rolling body.
  • the rotation rate of each rolling element at any position and at any time should be within a reasonable fluctuation range.
  • the rate of rotation of each rolling element when passing through the monitoring point should be substantially the same.
  • the average of the rotation rate of the rolling point passing through the monitoring point and the rotation rate of the remaining rolling elements passing through the monitoring point should be substantially the same, or the difference between the two is within a reasonable interval, that is, The third difference is not greater than the third threshold.
  • the third difference is greater than the third threshold, it indicates that the rotation speed of the rolling element is abnormal when passing the monitoring point, and the failure may be that the rolling element is faulty or the cage is faulty at the position of the rolling element. .
  • step S12 when the step S12 is specifically implemented, the above four embodiments may be simultaneously included to implement monitoring of a plurality of bearing parts, and comprehensively refer to the monitoring result, or select one or more of the four embodiments as needed.
  • the more the number of monitoring points the more accurate the monitoring of the change in the rate of rotation of the rolling elements at different positions.
  • the obstacles can be accurately monitored, and the number of monitoring points is not less than the number of rolling elements, so that one monitoring point only needs to monitor one rolling element passing through the monitoring point.
  • the number of monitoring points may also be less than the number of rolling bodies, then for one or more of the monitoring points, the monitoring point requires two or more scrolling through the monitoring point. Body monitoring.
  • the present application further provides a bearing condition monitoring and control device 20.
  • the control device includes:
  • the obtaining unit 21 is configured to acquire a rotation rate of the rolling elements of the bearing when the bearing is in operation, and the monitoring points are arranged around the circumferential direction of the bearing, wherein the monitoring points are arranged in the manner described above.
  • the monitoring points are set in the same way in the bearing condition monitoring and control method;
  • the determining unit 22 is configured to determine the state of the rolling element or the cage of the bearing based on the rotation rate acquired by the acquiring unit 21.
  • the determining unit 22 includes:
  • a determining module 221, configured to determine a statistical value of the rotation rate of the rolling elements acquired by the acquiring unit 21, where the statistical value is a variance or a standard deviation of each rotation rate;
  • the first determining module 222 is configured to determine the state of the rolling element or the cage of the bearing according to the size of the statistical value determined by the determining module 221 .
  • the first determination module 222 determines whether the state of the rolling elements or the cage of the bearing is normal, determines the comparison based on the statistical value and the set value.
  • the first determining module 222 is configured to: when the statistical value determined by the determining module 221 is greater than a set value, determine the The rolling bodies or cages of the bearings fail.
  • the determining unit 22 in order to determine the state of the rolling element or the cage of the bearing according to the statistical value, the determining unit 22 include:
  • a determining module 221, configured to determine a statistical value of the rotation rate of the rolling elements acquired by the acquiring unit 21, where the statistical value is a variance or a standard deviation of each rotation rate;
  • An obtaining module 223, configured to determine a reference value of a degree of fluctuation of the rotation rate of the rolling body
  • the first comparison module 224 is configured to compare the statistical value obtained by the determining module 221 with the reference value obtained by the obtaining module 223 to obtain a first difference value;
  • the second determining module 222' is configured to determine that the rolling element or the cage of the bearing is faulty when the first difference obtained by the first comparing module 224 is greater than the first threshold.
  • the reference value is the variance or standard deviation of the rotation rate of the rolling element passing through each monitoring point under normal operating conditions.
  • the determining unit 22 may also determine whether the state of the rolling element or the cage is normal in combination with the set value and the magnitude of the first difference.
  • the determining unit 22 of the bearing state monitoring and control device 20 further includes:
  • the second comparison module 225 is configured to compare the rotation rate of the rolling body through one of the monitoring points with the average of the respective rotation rates when passing through the remaining monitoring points, to obtain a second difference;
  • the third determining module 226 is configured to determine that the rotating ring, the non-rotating ring or the cage of the bearing is faulty when the second difference obtained by the second comparing module 225 is greater than the second threshold.
  • the combination of the second comparison module 225 and the third determination module 226 functions to: in accordance with the result of comparing the rotation rates of the rolling elements at the respective monitoring points, the rotation rate of the rolling elements passing through a certain monitoring point occurs. Abnormal, determine the bearing's rotating ring, non-rotating ring or cage failure.
  • the determining unit 22 of the bearing state monitoring control device 20 further includes:
  • the third comparison module 227 is configured to compare the average of the rotation rate of one of the rolling elements passing through the monitoring point and the rotation rate of the remaining rolling elements passing the monitoring point to obtain a third difference;
  • the fourth determining module 228 is configured to determine that the rolling element is faulty when the third difference obtained by the third comparing module 227 is greater than the third threshold, or that the cage is faulty at the position of the rolling body.
  • the combination of the third comparison module 227 and the fourth determination module 228 functions to: according to the result of comparing the rotation rate of the rolling elements passing through the same monitoring point, when the rotation rate of one of the rolling elements is abnormal It is determined that the rolling element has failed, or the cage has failed at the position of the rolling element.
  • the monitoring device may only select one or more of the above to achieve monitoring of the condition of the various parts of the bearing.
  • the embodiment provides a bearing condition monitoring device in which the type of the bearing is not limited.
  • the bearing includes an inner ring 41, an outer ring 42, a rolling body 43 disposed between the inner ring 41 and the outer ring 42, and for supporting A cage of the rolling bodies 43 (not shown).
  • the bearing condition monitoring apparatus of the present embodiment includes the bearing state monitoring control device 20 of the first embodiment, and a rotation speed detecting portion.
  • the rotation speed detecting portion is configured to detect the rotation rate of one or more rolling bodies when passing through the respective monitoring points.
  • the manner in which each monitoring point is set is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the rotation speed detecting portion may be any type of rotation speed sensor such as a resolver, a rotation speed sensor or the like.
  • the rotation speed detecting portion includes a magnetic member 44 and a magnetic induction member 45.
  • Magnetic The member 44 is for mounting on a rolling element of the bearing, and the magnetic sensing member 45 is for mounting at each monitoring point.
  • the magnetic member 44 is configured to generate a magnetic signal
  • the magnetic sensing member 45 is configured to receive a magnetic signal of the rolling element of the bearing when passing through each monitoring point, convert the received magnetic signal into an electrical signal, and send the electrical signal to the bearing state.
  • the monitoring control device 20, the bearing state monitoring control device 20, obtains the rotation rate of the rolling elements 43 based on the received electrical signals.
  • the magnetic induction member 45 and the bearing condition monitoring control device 30 can be connected by wire or wirelessly to realize signal transmission.
  • a wired manner is adopted, as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the magnetic member 44 can be a magnet strip.
  • the position of the magnetic member 44 on the rolling elements 43 should preferably not affect the rotation of the rolling elements 43.
  • the magnetic member 44 may be provided on the axial end face of the cylindrical roller.
  • the magnetic member 44 is preferably provided on the axial end face of the smaller diameter end, and since the radial dimension of the smaller diameter end is smaller, the end occurs when the rolling element rotates. The position change is smaller than the other end, so the rotation fluctuation is smaller, and the rotation rate of the rolling elements can be more accurately reflected. Also, mounting the magnetic member 44 on the axial end face of the smaller diameter end can better avoid the influence of the rolling body rotation.
  • the magnetic induction member 45 is mounted on a stationary component, such as a non-rotating ring or a bearing housing of the bearing, and may be mounted by welding, bonding or screwing.
  • the number of magnetic members 44 coincides with the number 43 of rolling elements that need to be fault monitored. If only one or a few rolling elements 43 need to be monitored for faults, only the magnetic members 44 need to be provided on the corresponding rolling bodies; if all the rolling elements need to be monitored for faults, then all the rolling elements are used.
  • a magnetic member 44 is provided on each of 43. As long as the magnetic member 44 is provided in one rolling body 43, if the statistical value of the respective rotation speeds of the rolling elements 43 at the respective monitoring points exceeds the set value, the failure of the discharge cage cannot be discharged.
  • the magnetic member 44 is in one-to-one correspondence with the rolling elements 43 of the bearing, each rolling A magnetic member 44 is provided on the body 43.
  • the embodiment provides a bearing condition monitoring method, and the method comprises the following steps:
  • S51 determining a plurality of monitoring points, the monitoring points are arranged around the circumference of the bearing;
  • step S53 Perform the bearing state monitoring control method described in the first embodiment according to the rotation rate obtained in step S52.
  • the rotation speed detecting portion may be any device capable of obtaining the rotation speed of the rolling elements.
  • the rotation speed detecting portion is formed by using a magnetic member-magnetic induction member to obtain a rotation speed of the rolling body.
  • step S52 includes:
  • a magnetic induction component is disposed at each monitoring point, and a magnetic component is disposed on one or more rolling bodies of the bearing. Wherein, the magnetic component is used to generate a magnetic signal, and the magnetic induction component is used for receiving the rolling element of the bearing to convert the received magnetic signal into an electrical signal when passing through the respective monitoring points;
  • the magnetic member is disposed in the same manner as the second embodiment.
  • a magnetic member may be separately disposed on each of the rolling elements.

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Abstract

一种轴承状态监测控制方法及控制装置（20、30）、监测设备、监测方法，其中控制方法包括：在轴承运转过程中，获取轴承的滚动体（43）在经过各个监测点时的自转速率，监测点围绕轴承的圆周方向设置（S11）；根据自转速率，判定轴承的滚动体（43）、保持架、转动圈和非转动圈的状态（S12），从而能够对轴承的各零件，特别是滚动体（43）及保持架的故障进行有效监测。

Description

轴承状态监测控制方法及控制装置、监测设备、监测方法
本申请要求于2016年09月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610833879.7、发明名称为“轴承状态监测控制方法及控制装置、监测设备、监测方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及轴承领域，具体涉及一种轴承状态监测控制方法及控制装置、监测设备、监测方法。
背景技术
轴承一般包括内圈、外圈、设于内圈、外圈之间的滚动体以及用于支撑滚动体的保持架。内圈、外圈、滚动体和保持架中的任意一个发生故障，例如表面发生剥落等，都将导致轴承的状态发生异常，因此，需要对轴承的状态进行监测以及时排查故障。
因此亟需对提供一种方案，以对轴承零件的状态进行监测。
发明内容
本发明提出一种新的方案，以对轴承零件的状态进行监测。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种轴承状态监测控制方法，包括：在所述轴承运转过程中，获取所述轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率，所述监测点围绕所述轴承的周向设置；根据自转速率，判定所述轴承的滚动体、保持架、转动圈或非转动圈的状态。
可选的，根据自转速率，判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态，包括：确定所述滚动体的所述自转速率的统计值，所述统计值为方差或标准差，根据统计值的大小判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状 态。
可选的，在所述统计值大于设定值时，判定所述轴承的所述滚动体或保持架出现故障。
可选的，根据自转速率，判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态，包括：确定所述滚动体的所述自转速率的统计值；获取所述滚动体的自转速率波动程度的基准值；比较所述统计值与所述基准值，得到第一差值；在所述第一差值大于第一阈值时，判定所述轴承的所述滚动体或保持架出现故障。
可选的，所述基准值为：所述轴承在正常运转情况下，所述滚动体经过各个所述监测点时的自转速率的方差或者标准差。
可选的，根据自转速率，判定所述轴承的转动圈、非转动圈或保持架的状态，包括：比较所述滚动体经过其中一个监测点时的自转速率与经过其余监测点时各个自转速率的均值，得到第二差值；当所述第二差值大于第二阈值时，判定所述轴承的转动圈、非转动圈或者保持架出现故障。
可选的，根据自转速率，判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态，包括：比较经过所述监测点的其中一个滚动体的自转速率与经过该监测点的其余滚动体的自转速率的均值，得到第三差值；在所述第三差值大于所述第三阈值时，判定该滚动体出现故障，或者保持架在该滚动体的位置出现故障。
可选的，各个所述监测点沿所述轴承的周向均匀分布。
可选的，所述监测点的数目不小于所述滚动体的数目。
本发明还提供一种轴承状态监测控制装置，包括：获取单元，用于获取在所述轴承运转过程中，所述轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率，所述监测点围绕所述轴承的周向设置；判定单元，用于根据获取单元获取的所述自转速率，判定所述轴承的滚动体、保持架、转动圈或非转动圈的状态。
可选的，所述判定单元包括：确定模块，用于确定所述滚动体的所述自转速率的统计值，所述统计值为方差或标准差；第一判定模块，用于根据所述确定模块确定的所述统计值的大小判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态。
可选的，所述第一判定模块用于：在所述确定模块确定的所述统计值大于设定值时，判定所述轴承的所述滚动体或保持架出现故障。
可选的，所述判定单元包括：确定模块，用于确定所述滚动体的所述自转速率的统计值，所述统计值为方差或标准差；获取模块，用于获取所述滚动体的自转速率波动程度的基准值；第一比较模块，用于比较所述确定模块得到的统计值与所述获取模块获得的所述基准值，得到第一差值；第二判定模块，用于在所述第一比较模块得到的所述第一差值大于第一阈值时，判定所述轴承的所述滚动体或保持架出现故障。
可选的，所述基准值为：所述轴承在正常运转情况下，所述滚动体经过各个所述监测点时的自转速率的方差或者标准差。
可选的，所述判定单元还包括：第二比较模块，用于比较所述滚动体经过其中一个所述监测点时的自转速率与经过其余所述监测点时各个自转速率的均值，得到第二差值；第三判定模块，用于在所述第二比较模块得到的所述第二差值大于第二阈值时，判定所述轴承的转动圈、非转动圈或者保持架出现故障。
可选的，还包括：第三比较模块，用于比较经过该监测点的其中一个滚动体的自转速率与经过该监测点的其余滚动体的自转速率的均值，得到第三差值；第四判定模块，用于在所述第三比较模块得到的所述第三差值大于所述第三阈值时，判定该滚动体出现故障，或者所述保持架在该滚动体的位置出现故障。
可选的，各个所述监测点沿所述轴承的周向均匀分布。
可选的，所述监测点的数目不小于所述滚动体的数目。
本发明还提供一种轴承状态监测设备，包括：上述任一项所述的轴承状态监测控制装置；转速检测部，用于检测所述轴承的滚动体经过各个所述监测点时的自转速率。
可选的，所述转速检测部包括：磁性件，用于安装在所述轴承的滚动体上；磁感应件，用于安装在各个所述监测点；所述磁性件用于产生磁信号，所述磁感应件用于接收所述轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时所述磁信号、将接收到的所述磁信号转化为电信号，并将所述电信号发送给所述轴承状态监测控制装置；所述轴承状态监测控制装置根据接收到的所述电信号得到所述滚动体的自转速率。
可选的，各个所述监测点沿所述轴承的周向均匀分布。
可选的，所述监测点的数目不小于所述滚动体的数目。
可选的，所述轴承的每个所述滚动体上均设有所述磁性件。
本发明还提供一种轴承状态监测方法，包括：确定若干监测点，所述监测点围绕所述轴承的周向设置；在各个所述监测点设置转速检测部，以得到所述轴承的滚动体经过各个所述监测点时的自转速率上述任一项所述的轴承状态监测控制方法。
可选的，所述在各个所述监测点设置转速检测部，以得到所述轴承的滚动体经过各个所述监测点时的自转速率包括：在各个所述监测点设置磁感应件；在所述轴承的一个或多个滚动体上设置磁性件；所述磁性件用于产生磁信号，所述磁感应件用于接收所述轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时所述磁信号、将接收到的所述磁信号转化为电信号；根据所述电信号得到所述滚动体的自转速率。
可选的，在各个所述滚动体上分别设置所述磁性件。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案具有以下优点：
通过在轴承运转过程中，获取轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率，其中各个监测点围绕轴承的周向设置，然后根据滚动体 的自转速率的大小判定轴承的滚动体、保持架、转动圈或非转动圈的状态，相比于现有技术，能够更加准确有效地对轴承零件，特别是滚动体、保持架的故障进行监测。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施例的轴承状态监测控制方法的原理图；
图2至图5分别示出了本发明第一实施例中根据自转速率判定轴承不同零件的状态的实施方式的原理图；
图6是本发明第一实施例中一种轴承状态监测控制装置的结构原理图；
图7是本发明第一实施例中另一种轴承状态监测控制装置的结构原理图；
图8是本发明轴承状态监测设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
现有技术一般采用振动监测的方式对轴承的状态进行监测，利用振动信号来进行故障诊断。具体地，一般在轴承外圈上安装振动位移传感器或振动加速度传感器，用于采集轴承的振动信号，并根据振动信号获得轴承内各零件的振动频率和振幅，如果某零件的振动频率在设定范围内且振幅超出设定值，则判定该零件出现故障。
但是对于滚动体和保持架来说，其在发生故障时的旋转较为复杂，尤其是发生故障的部位有多个时，故障频率非常复杂，往往导致实际振动频率和理论计算值不符，因此对滚动体和保持架的故障监测较为困难，甚至无法监测。
基于该问题，发明人经过研究发现，轴承故障主要发生在：滚动体、保持架、内圈的滚道或外圈的滚道等几个零件上，故障发生的原因多为上述零件的接触表面发生剥落。而上述零件中，任一零件的接触表面的剥落都会影响滚动体的自转速率，从而使得滚动体的自转速 率发生变化。
因此，本申请提出一种轴承状态监测控制方法及控制装置、监测设备以及监测方法，根据滚动体的自转速率判断故障发生的具体零件，从而完成对大部分的轴承故障的监测。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。
第一实施例
本实施例提供一种轴承状态监测控制方法，参照图1所示，该方法包括以下步骤：
S11：在所述轴承运转过程中，获取所述轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率，所述监测点围绕所述轴承的周向设置；
S12：根据自转速率，判定轴承的滚动体、保持架、转动圈或非转动圈的状态。
相比于现有技术，本方案根据滚动体的自转速率的大小判定轴承的滚动体、保持架、转动圈或非转动圈的状态，能够更加准确有效地对轴承的各个零件，特别是滚动体、保持架的故障进行监测。
下面继续参照图1，对各个步骤作详细说明。
(1)步骤S11：在所述轴承运转过程中，获取所述轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率，各个监测点围绕所述轴承的周向(即圆周方向)设置。
该步骤的目的在于得到滚动体经过各个监测点时的自转速率。
其中，监测点为固定点，当轴承运转时，监测点固定不动。如果轴承中包含非转动圈，则监测点可以设置于非转动圈上；如果轴承中包含用于支撑转动圈或者非转动圈的轴承座，则监测点可以设置于轴承座上。其中轴承可以包括转动圈和非转动圈，或者只包括转动圈。
其中，对监测点沿周向的分布方式不作限定。一般而言，监测点围绕轴承的周向尽可能地均匀分布。
需要注意，本实施例所指的轴承的种类不限，可以是用于承受径向载荷的轴承，例如向心轴承，也可以是用于承受轴向载荷的轴承，例如止推轴承等，还可以是同时用于承受径向载荷和轴向载荷的轴承，例如向心推力轴承等。
(2)步骤S12：根据自转速率，判定轴承的滚动体、保持架、转动圈或非转动圈的状态。
在步骤12中，根据各个滚动体的自转速率，通过对自转速率作不同的分析，可以对轴承不同零件的状态进行监测。具体地，本申请给出以下四种执行步骤S12的实施方式，以对自转速率进行分析并得到轴承零件的状态。
实施方式一，实施方式的目的在于：对滚动体或保持架的状态进行监测。
参照图2所示，实施方式一主要在于通过对获得的各个自转速率进行概率统计，根据统计值的大小作为判定依据。换言之，实施方式一的目的在于，对获取到的各个自转速率进行概率统计，得到统计值，然后根据统计值的大小来判断轴承的滚子或保持架的状态。
如图2，在该实施方式一中，步骤S12包括步骤S121～S122。
步骤S121：确定所述滚动体的所述自转速率的统计值，所述统计值为方差或标准差。在得到统计值后，根据统计值的大小判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态。
具体的，在获得滚动体的各个自转速率后，建立样本，以监测到该滚动体的各个自转速率作为样本中的数据，对样本中的数据进行概率统计，以得到样本方法，即各个自转速率的方差；或者得到样本标准差，即各个自转速率的标准差。
如果得到的统计值越小，即方差或者标准差越小，则说明样本中数据的波动越小，即滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率的波动越小，滚动体的运转速率越稳定。反之，则滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率的波动越大，滚动体的运转速率越不稳定。
由此可见，本实施例通过在轴承运转过程中，获取轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率，其中各个监测点围绕轴承的周向设置，然后根据滚动体的自转速率的统计值的大小判定轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态，相比于现有技术，能够更加准确有效地对滚动体和保持架的故障进行监测。
如图2，在得到统计值后，执行步骤S122：在统计值大于设定值时，判定所述轴承的所述滚动体或保持架出现故障。该设定值为具体数值或数值范围。
理想状态下，如果轴承处于正常运转状态，滚动体在任一位置的自转速率应当是恒定的。但是在实际中，受轴承各零件自身的精度(例如圆度、表面粗糙度等)以及轴承工作时所处的润滑环境的影响，即使当轴承处于正常运转状态时，滚动体在不同位置自转速率会有一定的波动。
一般而言，如果要保证滚动体的运转稳定性满足要求，则统计值需要处于一个合理范围内。该合理范围可以根据轴承的运转环境、运转要求以及轴承的自身结构等因素来设定。
在实际中，如果轴承处于正常运转状态，即运转状态无任何异常时，滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率的波动应当在一个合理的波动区间内。如果滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率的波动超出了该合理的波动区间，则表示轴承的运转出现了异常，即偏离了正常运转状态。此时，轴承的各零件有可能发生故障。
因此，如果统计值大于设定值，超出了合理范围，则说明滚动体的运转的稳定性不再满足要求，表示轴承的运转出现了异常。
此时有两种情况：第一是滚动体自身出现了故障，例如滚动体的表面发生剥落，导致其运转异常；第二是保持架出现了故障，例如保持架的接触表面发生剥落，导致支撑在保持架上的滚动体无法正常运转而产生异常。
在监测时，可以对其中一个滚动体进行监测，也可以对多个或者全部滚动体分别进行监测。如果需要对其中一个滚动体进行监测，则对该一个滚动体的各个自转速率进行概率统计并判断其统计值是否大于设定值，从而判断该滚动体是否出现故障。如果需要对多个滚动体进行监测，则分别对各个滚动体的各个自转速率进行概率统计并分别判断其统计值是都大于设定值，从而分别判断每个滚动体是否出现故障。
需要注意的是，不管是对一个还是多个滚动体的统计值大于设定值时，都不能排出保持架出现故障的可能。
实施方式二，实施方式二的目的也在于对滚动体或保持架的状态进行监测。
在实施方式二中，如图3所示，步骤S12包括如上所述的步骤S121以及步骤S123～S125，以判定滚动体或保持架的状态。以下对步骤S123～S125进行说明：
步骤S123：确定所述滚动体的自转速率波动程度的基准值。基准值为：轴承在正常运转情况下，对滚动体经过各个监测点时的自转速率进行概率统计得到的方差或者标准差。其中，滚动体的基准值以轴承在正常运转状态下得到的统计值为准。一般可以将轴承最初投入使用时的运转状态作为正常运转状态。其中，步骤S123中的基准值可以是设定值，因此步骤S123与步骤S11、S121之间可以没有时序关系。
步骤S124：比较统计值与基准值，得到第一差值。
步骤S125：在第一差值大于第一阈值时，判定所述轴承的所述 滚动体或保持架出现故障。
其中，第一阈值可以是一个具体的数值，直接通过数值大小的判断来得到第一差值是否大于第一阈值。或者，也可以以统计值与基准值的倍数关系来判断第一差值是否大于阈值，例如，在统计值大于基准值的两倍或者两倍以上时，判定所述轴承的所述滚动体或保持架出现故障。
实施方式三，实施方式三的目的在于：对转动圈、非转动圈和保持架的状态进行监测。
参照图4所示，实施方式三主要对滚动体在经过各个监测点的自转速率进行比较，如果滚动体在经过某一监测点时，自转速率发生异常，则判定轴承的转动圈、非转动圈或者保持架出现故障在该监测点的位置发生故障。
具体地，继续参照图4所示，在实施方式三中，步骤S12包括步骤S126～S127。
步骤S126：比较滚动体经过其中一个监测点时的自转速率与经过其余监测点时各个自转速率的均值，得到第二差值；
步骤S127：当第二差值大于第二阈值时，判定所述轴承的转动圈、非转动圈或者保持架出现故障。并且，此时，故障发生的点通常在该监测点的位置。
如前所述，当轴承处于正常运转状态时，滚动体经过各个监测点时的自转速率应当在一个合理波动区间内。滚动体经过其中一个监测点时的自转速率与经过其余监测点时各个自转速率的均值应当基本相同，或者说两者的差值位于合理区间内，即第二差值不大于第二阈值。
如果第二差值大于第二阈值，则说明滚动体在经过所述其中一个监测点时的自转速率发生异常，轴承的转动圈、非转动圈发生故障，并且故障发生点很有可能是在该监测点所处的位置。或者轴承的保持 架发生故障。
实施方式四，实施方式四的目的在于：对单个滚动体的状态，或者保持架发生故障的位置的状态进行监测。
参照图5所示，实施方式四主要通过对经过同一监测点的滚动体的自转速率进行比较，如果某一滚动体的自转速率发生异常，则该滚动体出现故障，或者保持架在该滚动体的位置出现故障。
具体地，继续参照图5所示，在实施方式四中，步骤S12包括步骤S128～S129。
步骤S128：比较经过监测点的其中一个滚动体的自转速率与经过该监测点的其余滚动体的自转速率的均值，得到第三差值；
步骤S129：在第三差值大于第三阈值时，判定该滚动体出现故障，或者保持架在该滚动体的位置出现故障。
当轴承处于正常运转状态时，各个滚动体在任一位置、任一时间的自转速率应当在一个合理波动区间内。对于同一监测点而言，各个滚动体经过该监测点时的自转速率应当基本相同。换言之，对于其中任何一个滚动体来说，其经过该监测点的自转速率与经过该监测点的其余滚动体的自转速率的均值应当基本相同，或者说两者的差值位于合理区间内，即第三差值不大于第三阈值。
如果第三差值大于第三阈值，则说明该滚动体在经过该监测点时的自转速率发生异常，此时的故障可能是该滚动体发生故障，或者保持架在该滚动体的位置发生故障。
需要注意的是，具体实现步骤S12时，可以同时包括上述四种实施方式以实现对多个轴承零件的监测，并综合参考监测结果，或者根据需要选择四个实施方式中的一个或多个。
在本实施例中，监测点的数目越多，则对滚动体在不同位置下的自转速率的变化的监测越精确。一般而言，为了对所有的滚动体的故 障都能进行准确的监测，监测点的数目不小于滚动体的数目，这样，一个监测点只需要对经过该监测点的一个滚动体进行监测。
在其他实施例中，监测点的数目也可以少于滚动体的数目，那么，对于其中一个或多个监测点而言，该监测点需要对经过该监测点的两个或两个以上的滚动体进行监测。
为了实现上述轴承状态监测控制方法，本申请还提供一种轴承状态监测控制装置20，参照图6，该控制装置包括：
获取单元21，用于获取在所述轴承运转过程中，轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率，所述监测点围绕所述轴承的周向设置，其中监测点的设置方式与上述轴承状态监测控制方法中监测点的设置方式相同；
判定单元22，用于根据获取单元21获取的自转速率，判定轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态。
判定单元22包括：
确定模块221，用于确定获取单元21获取的滚动体的自转速率的统计值，统计值为各个自转速率的方差或标准差；
第一判定模块222，用于根据确定模块221确定的统计值的大小判定轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态。
本实施例中，第一判定模块222在判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态是否正常时，根据统计值与设定值的比较来进行判定。
如图6，对应于上述监测控制方法中的实施方式一，具体地，第一判定模块222用于：用于在所述确定模块221确定的所述统计值大于设定值时，判定所述轴承的所述滚动体或保持架出现故障。
对应于前述监测控制方法中的实施方式二，参照图7，为了实现依据统计值对轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态进行判定，判定单元22 包括：
确定模块221，用于确定获取单元21获取的滚动体的自转速率的统计值，统计值为各个自转速率的方差或标准差；
获取模块223，用于确定滚动体的自转速率波动程度的基准值；
第一比较模块224，用于比较确定模块221得到的统计值与获取模块223获得的基准值，得到第一差值；
第二判定模块222'，用于在第一比较模块224得到的第一差值大于第一阈值时，判定轴承的滚动体或保持架出现故障。
其中，基准值为：轴承在正常运转情况下，滚动体经过各个监测点时的自转速率的方差或者标准差。
对应于前述监测控制方法中的实施方式三，判定单元22也可以同时结合设定值以及第一差值的大小来判定滚动体或保持架的状态是否正常。
继续参照图6、图7，为了实现对轴承的转动圈、非转动圈以及保持架进行故障监测，轴承状态监测控制装置20的判定单元22还包括：
第二比较模块225，用于比较滚动体经过其中一个监测点时的自转速率与经过其余监测点时各个自转速率的均值，得到第二差值；
第三判定模块226，用于在第二比较模块225得到的第二差值大于第二阈值时，判定轴承的转动圈、非转动圈或者保持架出现故障。
第二比较模块225、第三判定模块226组合的方式所起到的功能在于：根据对滚动体在经过各个监测点的自转速率进行比较的结果，在滚动体经过某一监测点的自转速率发生异常，判定轴承的转动圈、非转动圈或者保持架出现故障。
继续参照图6、图7，对应于上述监测控制方法中的实施方式四，为了实现对轴承的单个滚动体以及保持架发生故障的位置进行监测， 轴承状态监测控制装置20的判定单元22还包括：
第三比较模块227，用于比较经过该监测点的其中一个滚动体的自转速率与经过该监测点的其余滚动体的自转速率的均值，得到第三差值；
第四判定模块228，用于在第三比较模块227得到的第三差值大于第三阈值时，判定该滚动体出现故障，或者保持架在该滚动体的位置出现故障。
第三比较模块227、第四判定模块228组合的方式所起到的功能在于：根据对经过同一监测点的滚动体的自转速率进行比较的结果，在其中某一滚动体的自转速率发生异常时，判定该滚动体出现故障，或者保持架在该滚动体的位置出现故障。
在具体实施例中，监测装置可以只选择采用上述其中一种或者几种方式来实现对轴承各零件的状态的监测。
第二实施例
本实施例提供一种轴承状态监测设备，其中轴承的种类不限。
参照图8所示，以用于承受径向载荷的向心轴承为例，轴承包括内圈41、外圈42、设于内圈41和外圈42之间的滚动体43，以及用于支撑滚动体43的保持架(图中未示出)。
本实施例的轴承状态监测设备包括：第一实施例的轴承状态监测控制装置20，以及转速检测部。其中转速检测部用于检测一个或多个滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率。其中各个监测点的设置方式与第一实施例相同。
其中，转速检测部可以是任何形式的转速传感器，例如旋转变压器，转速传感器等。
本实施例中，转速检测部包括：磁性件44和磁感应件45。磁性 件44用于安装在轴承的滚动体上，磁感应件45用于安装在各个监测点。
其中，磁性件44用于产生磁信号，磁感应件45用于接收轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时的磁信号、将接收到的磁信号转化为电信号，并将电信号发送给轴承状态监测控制装置20，轴承状态监测控制装置20则根据接收到的电信号得到滚动体43的自转速率。
磁感应件45与轴承状态监测控制装置30之间可以通过有线或者无线的方式连接，以实现信号传输。本实施例中采用有线的方式，如图8所示。
磁性件44可以是磁铁条。磁性件44在滚动体43上的设置位置应当以不影响滚动体43的转动为宜。以向心轴承为例，如果滚动体43为圆柱滚子，则磁性件44可以设于圆柱滚子沿轴向的端面上。如果滚动体43为圆锥滚子时，则磁性件44优选地设于直径较小一端的轴向端面上，由于直径较小一端的径向尺寸较小，则该端在滚动体自转时发生的位置变化相对于另一端要小一些，因此转动波动小一些，能够更加准确地反应滚动体的自转速率。并且，将磁性件44安装在直径较小一端的轴向端面上，能够更好地避免对滚动体转动的影响。
磁感应件45安装在静止的零件上，例如轴承的非转动圈或者轴承座上，安装方式可以是焊接、粘接或者螺纹连接等。
其中，磁性件44的数目与需要进行故障监测的滚动体的数目43一致。如果只需要对某个或某几个滚动体43进行故障监测，则只需要在对应的滚动体上设置磁性件44即可；如果需要对所有的滚动体进行故障监测，则在所有的滚动体43上分别设有磁性件44。只要在一个滚动体43设置磁性件44，如果该滚动体43的在经过各个监测点时的各个自转速率的统计值超出设定值，则不能排出保持架发生故障。
本实施例中，磁性件44与轴承的滚动体43一一对应，每个滚动 体43上都设有磁性件44。
第三实施例
本实施例提供一种轴承状态监测方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
S51：确定若干监测点，监测点围绕轴承的周向设置；
S52：在各个所述监测点设置转速检测部，以得到所述轴承的滚动体经过各个所述监测点时的自转速率；
S53：根据步骤S52得到的自转速率，执行第一实施例所述的轴承状态监测控制方法。
其中，监测点的设置方式与第一实施例、第二实施例相同。转速检测部可以是任意一种能够获得滚动体的自转速率的装置。本实施例中采用磁性件-磁感应件配合的方式来形成转速检测部，以获得滚动体的自转速率。
具体地，步骤S52包括：
S521：在各个监测点设置磁感应件，在轴承的一个或多个滚动体上设置磁性件。其中，磁性件用于产生磁信号，磁感应件用于接收轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时磁信号、将接收到的磁信号转化为电信号；
S522：根据电信号得到滚动体的自转速率。
其中，磁性件的设置方式与第二实施例相同，例如可以在各个滚动体上分别设置磁性件。
虽然本发明披露如上，但本发明并非限定于此。任何本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，均可作各种更动与修改，因此本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种轴承状态监测控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在所述轴承运转过程中，获取所述轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率，所述监测点围绕所述轴承的周向设置；
    根据自转速率，判定所述轴承的滚动体、保持架、转动圈或非转动圈的状态。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的轴承状态监测控制方法，其特征在于，根据自转速率，判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态，包括：
    确定所述滚动体的所述自转速率的统计值，所述统计值为方差或标准差，根据统计值的大小判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的轴承状态监测控制方法，其特征在于，
    在所述统计值大于设定值时，判定所述轴承的所述滚动体或保持架出现故障。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的轴承状态监测控制方法，其特征在于，根据自转速率，判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态，包括：
    确定所述滚动体的所述自转速率的统计值，所述统计值为方差或标准差；
    获取所述滚动体的自转速率波动程度的基准值；
    比较所述统计值与所述基准值，得到第一差值；
    在所述第一差值大于第一阈值时，判定所述轴承的所述滚动体或保持架出现故障。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的轴承状态监测控制方法，其特征在于，所述基准值为：
    所述轴承在正常运转情况下，所述滚动体经过各个所述监测点时的自转速率的方差或者标准差。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的轴承状态监测控制方法，其特征在于，根据自转速率，判定所述轴承的转动圈、非转动圈或保持架的状态，包括：
    比较所述滚动体经过其中一个监测点时的自转速率与经过其余监测点时各个自转速率的均值，得到第二差值；
    当所述第二差值大于第二阈值时，判定所述轴承的转动圈、非转动圈或者保持架出现故障。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的轴承状态监测控制方法，其特征在于，根据自转速率，判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态，包括：
    比较经过所述监测点的其中一个滚动体的自转速率与经过该监测点的其余滚动体的自转速率的均值，得到第三差值；
    在所述第三差值大于第三阈值时，判定该滚动体出现故障，或者保持架在该滚动体的位置出现故障。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的轴承状态监测控制方法，其特征在于，各个所述监测点沿所述轴承的周向均匀分布。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的轴承状态监测控制方法，其特征在于，所述监测点的数目不小于所述滚动体的数目。
  10. 一种轴承状态监测控制装置，其特征在于，包括：
    获取单元，用于获取在所述轴承运转过程中，所述轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时的自转速率，所述监测点围绕所述轴承的周向设置；
    判定单元，用于根据获取单元获取的所述自转速率，判定所述轴承的滚动体、保持架、转动圈或非转动圈的状态。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的轴承状态监测控制装置，其特征在于，所述判定单元包括：
    确定模块，用于确定所述滚动体的所述自转速率的统计值，所述统计值为方差或标准差；
    第一判定模块，用于根据所述确定模块确定的所述统计值的大小判定所述轴承的滚动体或保持架的状态。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的轴承状态监测控制装置，其特征在于，所述第一判定模块用于：在所述确定模块确定的所述统计值大于设定值时，判定所述轴承的所述滚动体或保持架出现故障。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的轴承状态监测控制装置，其特征在于，所述判定单元包括：
    确定模块，用于确定所述滚动体的所述自转速率的统计值，所述统计值为方差或标准差；
    获取模块，用于获取所述滚动体的自转速率波动程度的基准值；
    第一比较模块，用于比较所述确定模块得到的统计值与所述获取模块获得的所述基准值，得到第一差值；
    第二判定模块，用于在所述第一比较模块得到的所述第一差值大于第一阈值时，判定所述轴承的所述滚动体或保持架出现故障。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的轴承状态监测控制装置，其特征在于，所述基准值为：
    所述轴承在正常运转情况下，所述滚动体经过各个所述监测点时的自转速率的方差或者标准差。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的轴承状态监测控制装置，其特征在于，所述判定单元还包括：
    第二比较模块，用于比较所述滚动体经过其中一个所述监测点时的自转速率与经过其余所述监测点时各个自转速率的均值，得到第二差值；
    第三判定模块，用于在所述第二比较模块得到的所述第二差值大 于第二阈值时，判定所述轴承的转动圈、非转动圈或者保持架出现故障。
  16. 如权利要求10所述的轴承状态监测控制装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    第三比较模块，用于比较经过该监测点的其中一个滚动体的自转速率与经过该监测点的其余滚动体的自转速率的均值，得到第三差值；
    第四判定模块，用于在所述第三比较模块得到的所述第三差值大于第三阈值时，判定该滚动体出现故障，或者所述保持架在该滚动体的位置出现故障。
  17. 如权利要求10所述的轴承状态监测控制装置，其特征在于，各个所述监测点沿所述轴承的周向均匀分布。
  18. 如权利要求10所述的轴承状态监测控制装置，其特征在于，所述监测点的数目不小于所述滚动体的数目。
  19. 一种轴承状态监测设备，其特征在于，包括：
    权利要求10-18中任一项所述的轴承状态监测控制装置；
    转速检测部，用于检测所述轴承的滚动体经过各个所述监测点时的自转速率。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的轴承状态监测设备，其特征在于，所 述转速检测部包括：
    磁性件，用于安装在所述轴承的滚动体上；
    磁感应件，用于安装在各个所述监测点；
    所述磁性件用于产生磁信号，所述磁感应件用于接收所述轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时所述磁信号、将接收到的所述磁信号转化为电信号，并将所述电信号发送给所述轴承状态监测控制装置；
    所述轴承状态监测控制装置根据接收到的所述电信号得到所述滚动体的自转速率。
  21. 如权利要求19所述的轴承状态监测设备，其特征在于，各个所述监测点沿所述轴承的周向均匀分布。
  22. 如权利要求19所述的轴承状态监测设备，其特征在于，所述监测点的数目不小于所述滚动体的数目。
  23. 如权利要求20所述的轴承状态监测设备，其特征在于，所述轴承的每个所述滚动体上均设有所述磁性件。
  24. 一种轴承状态监测方法，其特征在于，包括：
    确定若干监测点，所述监测点围绕所述轴承的周向设置；
    在各个所述监测点设置转速检测部，以得到所述轴承的滚动体经过各个所述监测点时的自转速率；
    权利要求1-9中任一项所述的轴承状态监测控制方法。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的轴承状态监测方法，其特征在于，所述在各个所述监测点设置转速检测部，以得到所述轴承的滚动体经过各个所述监测点时的自转速率包括：
    在各个所述监测点设置磁感应件；
    在所述轴承的一个或多个滚动体上设置磁性件；
    所述磁性件用于产生磁信号，所述磁感应件用于接收所述轴承的滚动体在经过各个监测点时所述磁信号、将接收到的所述磁信号转化为电信号；
    根据所述电信号得到所述滚动体的自转速率。
  26. 如权利要求25所述的轴承状态监测方法，其特征在于，在各个所述滚动体上分别设置所述磁性件。
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