WO2018040852A1 - 一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2018040852A1
WO2018040852A1 PCT/CN2017/096194 CN2017096194W WO2018040852A1 WO 2018040852 A1 WO2018040852 A1 WO 2018040852A1 CN 2017096194 W CN2017096194 W CN 2017096194W WO 2018040852 A1 WO2018040852 A1 WO 2018040852A1
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flue gas
concentration tower
waste water
tower
wastewater
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PCT/CN2017/096194
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李筱璋
朱文瑜
高燎
郑伟
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成都锐思环保技术股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018040852A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018040852A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/10—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
    • C02F1/12—Spray evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/18—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the purification of gaseous effluents

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  • the invention relates to a system and a method for treating desulfurization wastewater, in particular to a system and method for desulfurization wastewater by using flue gas residual heat treatment.
  • domestic flue gas desulfurization can be divided into three categories: wet method, semi-dry method and dry method.
  • the limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization process has high desulfurization efficiency, high operational reliability, wide range of applicable coal types, and utilization of absorbents. It has many advantages such as high rate, high equipment operation rate and easy cost of absorbent. It is the most widely used and most mature SO 2 removal technology in the world, accounting for 90% of the installed capacity of FGD units.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing desulfurization waste water still does not meet the discharge standard after being treated by the conventional treatment process, and needs to be further treated again, resulting in an increase in time and cost, and an increase in energy consumption, providing a waste heat of flue gas.
  • the system and method for treating desulfurization waste water, the system and method use the heat of the waste heat of the boiler flue gas to evaporate the desulfurization waste water from the desulfurization gypsum cyclone, and achieve the purpose of waste treatment and zero discharge of desulfurization waste water, and has the exception of investment and operation. Low cost and no need to add any chemicals.
  • a system for treating desulfurization waste water by using flue gas residual heat treatment comprises a concentration tower and a thick slurry tank, wherein the concentration tower is provided with a spray layer, and the thick slurry tank is simultaneously connected with the inside of the concentration tower and the spray layer, and the concentration tower is opened a through hole for the flue gas is provided, and the through hole is disposed above the spray layer, and a circulation pump is disposed outside the concentration tower, the circulation pump is simultaneously connected with the inside of the concentration tower and the spray layer, and the circulation pump and the inside of the concentration tower are connected Located below the spray floor.
  • the existing desulfurization wastewater is still treated with high-chlorinated ions, high-salt and containing trace amounts of heavy metals after being treated by conventional treatment processes.
  • a waste water tank is disposed outside the concentration tower, and a waste water pump is disposed between the waste water tank and the concentration tower, and the waste water pump is simultaneously connected with the waste water tank and the concentration tower, and a waste water tank agitator is disposed in the waste water tank.
  • the waste water tank is used as a collection and collection of desulfurization waste water from the gypsum cyclone so that it can enter the concentration tower uniformly and in a large amount, thereby achieving continuity and high efficiency of the work of the concentration tower.
  • the concentrator is provided with a defogger outside, and the defogger is connected with the concentrating tower and the flue; the communication between the demister and the concentrating tower is located below the spray layer, and the connection between the demister and the concentrating tower is located in the circulation pump and Above the junction inside the concentration tower.
  • the mist eliminator is used to separate the water mist generated by the contact of the desulfurization wastewater with the high-temperature flue gas.
  • the water mist contains not only water, but also sulfuric acid, sulfate, sulfur dioxide, etc., and also causes fans and heat exchangers.
  • the flue is polluted and severely corroded. Therefore, the material that the demister passes into the flue is designed to separate to ensure the service life of the flue.
  • a concentration tower induced draft fan is disposed outside the concentration tower, and one end of the concentration tower induced draft fan is connected to the through hole at the top of the concentration tower, and the other end is connected to the flue.
  • the concentrating tower induced draft fan is to quickly introduce the high-temperature flue gas in the flue into the concentrating tower, so that the flue gas has sufficient speed, so that it can realize rapid treatment, save the flue gas inlet amount and the circulation rate when it comes into contact with the desulfurization wastewater.
  • a filter press is arranged outside the thickener tank, and a thick slurry pump is arranged between the filter press and the thickener tank, and the thick slurry pump is simultaneously connected with the filter press and the thick slurry tank, and the thick slurry tank is arranged in the thick slurry tank Blender.
  • the filter press filters the material in the thick slurry tank out of the mud cake, sends it to the curing system, and the filtrate returns to the thick slurry tank.
  • a plurality of nozzles are disposed at the bottom of the spray layer, and the nozzles are all in communication with the interior of the spray layer.
  • the nozzle rapidly and uniformly sprinkles the desulfurized waste water flowing into the spray layer into the concentration tower, increasing the area in contact with the flue gas, achieving sufficient contact and more rapid treatment.
  • the invention provides a concentration tower between the tail filter of the boiler and the desulfurization tower, sends the desulfurization waste water to the nozzle spray by the pump, adjusts the flow rate of the nozzle, sprays the desulfurization waste water in the concentration tower, directly uses the waste heat of the boiler flue gas to the concentration tower.
  • the internally atomized desulfurization wastewater is subjected to evaporation and concentration treatment in the downstream direction, and the moisture is discharged along with the flue gas, and the concentrated liquid is sent to the filter press separation device through the transfer pump to form a filter cake solidified efflux.
  • the concentration tower is arranged as a downstream tower, and the flue gas enters from above the concentration tower, and is in contact with the wastewater flowing out from the spray layer in the concentration tower, and performs evaporation heat exchange, and a mist eliminator is arranged at the outlet of the concentration tower to be smoked The droplets carried by the machine are removed.
  • a method for desulfurizing waste water by using flue gas residual heat treatment comprising the following steps:
  • the desulfurization waste water from the gypsum cyclone is introduced into the waste water tank for buffering, and then enters the concentration tower through the waste water pump to make the waste water in the concentration tower reach the designed treatment volume, so that the treatment process can be continuously and effectively performed, avoiding energy generation. waste;
  • the wastewater in the concentration tower is sent to the waste water sprinkling device through a circulation pump, and the spray device is provided with a plurality of sprays.
  • the nozzle sprays the desulfurized waste water into the spray layer quickly and evenly in the concentration tower.
  • the water flow is thin and wide, and is foggy, increasing the area in contact with the flue gas to achieve sufficient contact;
  • the hot flue gas between the electric dedusting and desulfurization tower is extracted, and the hot flue gas enters the wastewater concentration tower through the flue through the range of 90 to 150 ° C, and the liquid to gas ratio in the concentration tower is maintained at 2-4.
  • the volume of circulating wastewater required to wash unit volume of flue gas in the concentration tower is called the liquid-gas ratio.
  • the concentration tower is set as a downstream flow tower, and the hot flue gas is in contact with the mist-like desulfurization wastewater sprayed by the waste water sprinkling device in a state of a flow rate of 5-7 m/s, and the mist-like desulfurization wastewater is made in the concentration tower.
  • Evaporation and concentration wherein the dissolved substance forms a crystal concentrate, and the flue gas at this flow rate has the highest heat exchange efficiency with the mist-like desulfurization waste water sprayed from the waste water sprinkling device in the concentration tower, and the concentration tower blower works most efficiently.
  • the hot flue gas after contact with the misty desulfurization waste water becomes wet flue gas
  • the concentrated tower discharges the wet flue gas with a temperature of 45 to 55 ° C, which is re-entered into the flue after being treated by the demisters, and its utilization is entered. Part of the temperature difference between the flue gas and the flue gas to evaporate the wastewater;
  • the misty desulfurization waste water after contact with the hot flue gas becomes a partially crystallized concentrated liquid, and is stored in the thick slurry tank at the lower part of the concentration tower;
  • the concentrated liquid is sent to the filter press through the thick slurry pump to filter out the mud cake, and the filtrate water is returned to the thick slurry tank, and the mud cake contains about 50 water. %, the main components of the solids are magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, gypsum and fly ash.
  • the density of the concentrate in the concentrating box is too low, the filtered mud cake will be less, and the utilization rate is low.
  • the density is designed to be 1.2 to 1.4 t/m 3
  • the solution is introduced into the filter press, and the obtained mud cake can be obtained. Quickly combine molding, the filtrate water is returned to the thick tank storage and waiting for the next time to meet the density requirements for re-infiltration.
  • the desulfurization treatment is carried out by the scheme, which not only has high treatment efficiency, but also consumes less energy during the treatment, and realizes zero discharge of the desulfurization waste water, and uses the heat of the waste heat of the boiler flue gas to evaporate the desulfurization waste water from the desulfurization gypsum cyclone, responsible for waste treatment, try not to consume other energy, and the process is to use heat to evaporate, no need to add other chemicals, to ensure that the final liquid will not produce other additives.
  • the concentration tower of the scheme adopts a downstream flow scheme to allow high-temperature flue gas to be treated in contact with the wastewater downstream.
  • the flow rate in the tower is high, and the same flue gas volume is higher than that of the countercurrent tower and the tower diameter. Small and reduce energy consumption.
  • Downstream In the tower scheme the mist eliminator is placed outside the tower, thereby reducing the tower height. Therefore, in the case of treating the same amount of wastewater, the downstream tower is smaller in size than the countercurrent tower, and the floor space is small, which is more suitable for site layout.
  • the specific comparison is as follows:
  • the downstream flow tower is used with respect to the countercurrent tower, and the flow velocity in the downstream tower is about twice that of the counterflow tower, and the treatment efficiency is higher.
  • the tower diameter of the downstream tower is one-third smaller than the tower diameter of the counter-flow tower, and the floor space is reduced.
  • the defogger is placed outside the tower, and the maintenance is convenient, thereby reducing the tower height and the tower height ratio of the downstream tower.
  • the tower of the countercurrent tower is about 3m high and has higher safety.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the desulfurization wastewater forms a closed cycle in the system, no waste water is discharged, only solid matter is produced, and zero discharge of limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization technology wastewater is realized.
  • the filter cake formed by the filter can be transported out for harmless landfill treatment, and the excluded liquid (mother liquor) is sent back to the concentration tower by the circulation pump to continue processing;
  • the technology is simple in structure and easy to implement; the inner wall of the concentration tower, pipes, nozzles, etc. can be made of anti-corrosion materials; since there are no heat transfer parts, corrosion and scaling problems due to heat transfer are avoided, and no chemical is added. drug.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • 1-concentration tower induced draft fan 2-concentrated tower, 3-spray layer, 4-demister, 5-dense tank, 6-dense tank agitator, 7-cycle pump, 8-drum pump, 9 - Filter press, 10 - Waste water tank, 11 - Waste water tank agitator, 12 - Waste water pump.
  • a system for treating desulfurization waste water by using flue gas residual heat treatment comprises a concentration tower 2 and a thick slurry tank 5, wherein the concentration tower 2 is provided with a spray layer 3, and the thick slurry tank 5 is simultaneously connected with the concentration tower 2 The interior and the spray layer 3 are connected, and the thick tank 5 stores the concentrated waste water.
  • the communication between the thick tank 5 and the concentration tower 2 is located at the bottom of the concentration tower 2, and the concentration tower 2 is provided with a through hole for introducing the flue gas.
  • the flue gas enters the spray layer 3 through the through hole at the top of the concentration tower, and the sprayed mist-like desulfurization waste water is in downstream contact in the tower, so the through hole is disposed above the spray layer 3, thereby achieving the downstream contact treatment and increasing Large contact time and processing time, the treatment is more efficient and thorough.
  • the waste water in the concentration tower 2 located below the spray layer 3 is discharged into the spray layer 3 through the circulation pump 7 to realize downstream flow.
  • waste water is continuously circulated and evaporated, and is disposed outside the concentration tower 2
  • a waste water pump 10 is disposed between the waste water tank 10, the waste water tank 10 and the concentration tower 2, and the waste water pump 12 is simultaneously connected with the waste water tank 10 and the concentration tower 2, and a defogger 4 is disposed at the outlet of the concentration tower to reduce the mechanical carrying of the smoke gas.
  • the droplets and the demister 4 are simultaneously connected with the concentration tower 2 and the flue, the communication between the demister 4 and the concentration tower 2 is located below the spray layer 3, and the communication between the demister 4 and the concentration tower 2 is at the circulation pump.
  • a concentration tower induced draft fan 1 is disposed outside the concentration tower 2, and one end of the concentration tower induced draft fan 1 communicates with the through hole at the top of the concentration tower 2, and the other end communicates with the flue, and the waste water tank 10
  • a waste water tank agitator 11 disposed therein, and a thick slurry tank agitator 6 is disposed in the thick slurry tank 5 to prevent partial crystallization of concentrated liquid.
  • the filter press 9 is externally provided with a filter press 9, a filter press 9 and a thicker
  • a slurry pump 8 is disposed between the slurry tanks 2, and the thick slurry pump 8 is simultaneously connected with the filter press 9 and the thickener tank 5, and the partially crystallized concentrated liquid in the thickener tank 5 is pumped to the filter press 9 through the thick slurry.
  • the concentrated liquid is pressed by the filter press 9, and the produced filter cake is sent to the curing system, and the filtrate is returned to the concentrated layer.
  • 8 nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the spray layer 3, and the nozzles are all connected with the interior of the spray layer 3.
  • the desulfurization waste water from the gypsum cyclone is introduced into the waste water tank 10, and enters the concentration tower 2 through the waste water pump 12; the waste water in the concentration tower 2 is sent to the spray layer 3 through the circulation pump 7; The hot flue gas in the flue enters the concentration tower 2; the hot flue gas and the misty desulfurization waste water sprayed by the spray layer 3 are directly in contact with the heat exchange in the concentration tower 2, so that the misty desulfurization wastewater is evaporated and concentrated, and the dissolved matter is formed therein.
  • the crystallization concentrate the hot flue gas after contact with the misty desulfurization waste water becomes wet flue gas, and is returned from the outlet of the concentration tower 2 through the demister 4 to the flue; the misty desulfurization waste water after contact with the hot flue gas becomes a part
  • the crystallized concentrated liquid is stored in the thick slurry tank 5 at the lower part of the concentration tower; the concentrated liquid is sent to the filter press 9 through the thick slurry pump 8; the filter press 9
  • the mudcake is filtered out and sent to the curing system, and the filtrate is returned to the thickener tank 5.
  • the system and method utilize the heat of the waste heat of the boiler flue gas to evaporate the desulfurization waste water from the desulfurization gypsum cyclone to achieve the purpose of waste disposal and zero discharge of the desulfurization waste water, and has the advantages of low investment, low operation cost, and no need to add any chemical. Advantages such as pharmaceuticals are suitable for large-scale promotion of chemical companies.

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Abstract

一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，包括浓缩塔(2)和浓浆箱(5)，浓缩塔(2)中设置有喷淋层(3)，浓浆箱(5)同时与浓缩塔(2)内部以及喷淋层(3)连通，浓缩塔(2)上开设有通入烟气的通孔，并且通孔设置在喷淋层(3)上方，在浓缩塔(2)外部设置有循环泵(7)，循环泵(7)同时与浓缩塔(2)内部和喷淋层(3)连通，且循环泵(7)与浓缩塔(2)内部的连通处位于喷淋层(3)下方；还包括采用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的方法。

Description

一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种处理脱硫废水的系统及方法，具体涉及一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统及方法。
背景技术
目前国内烟气脱硫可分为湿法、半干法及干法三大类，其中石灰石—石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺具有脱硫效率高、运行可靠性高、适用煤种范围广、吸收剂利用率高、设备运转率高和吸收剂价廉易得等诸多优点，是目前世界上应用最广泛、技术最成熟的SO2脱除技术，约占已安装FGD机组容量的90％。
石灰石—石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺为了保证脱硫系统的正常运行和脱硫副产物石膏的品质，必须排放一定量的脱硫废水。目前脱硫废水常规处理一般采用中和、絮凝、沉淀和过滤等处理工艺，虽能满足《火电厂石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫废水水质控制指标》(DL/T 997-2006)的要求，但依然为高氯离子、高含盐、且含有微量重金属的废水，如不进行深度处理，其回收使用范围的局限性很大，若排入外界水体，对环境的危害程度也非常高，但是深度处理成本高，工艺复杂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是现有脱硫废水经过传统处理工艺的处理后仍然不满足排放标准，需要经过再次深度处理，造成时间以及成本增加，消耗的能源增多，提供了一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统及方法，该系统及方法利用锅炉烟气余热的热量蒸发从脱硫石膏旋流器出来的脱硫废水，达到以废治废及脱硫废水零排放的目的，具有除投资省、运行费用低、不需添加任何化学药品等优势。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：
一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，包括浓缩塔和浓浆箱，所述浓缩塔中设置有喷淋层，浓浆箱同时与浓缩塔内部以及喷淋层连通，浓缩塔上开设有通入烟气的通孔，并且通孔设置在喷淋层上方，在浓缩塔外部设置有循环泵，循环泵同时与浓缩塔内部和喷淋层连通，且循环泵与浓缩塔内部的连通处位于喷淋层下方。现有脱硫废水经过传统处理工艺的处理后依然为高氯离子、高含盐、且含有微量重金属的废水，如不进行深度处理，其回收使用范围的局限性很大，若排入外界水体，对环境的危害程度也非常高，但是深度处理成本高，工艺复杂。在一些工厂生产中，其产生大量含有高温的烟气，平常都是作为废气直接排放到大气 中，不但污染环境，也浪费能量，本方案则是通过设计顺流塔来作为反应塔，在塔内流速高，利用锅炉烟气余热的热量蒸发从脱硫石膏旋流器出来的脱硫废水，达到以废治废及脱硫废水零排放的目的，具有除投资省、运行费用低、不需添加任何化学药品等优势。
浓缩塔外部设置有废水箱，废水箱和浓缩塔之间设置有废水泵，且废水泵同时与废水箱和浓缩塔连通，在废水箱中设置有废水箱搅拌器。废水箱是作为将从石膏旋流器来的脱硫废水导入收集，使得其能够统一且大量地进入浓缩塔，从而实现浓缩塔工作的连续性和高效率。
浓缩塔外部设置有除雾器，除雾器同时与浓缩塔和烟道连通；除雾器与浓缩塔的连通处位于喷淋层下方，同时除雾器与浓缩塔的连通处位于循环泵与浓缩塔内部的连通处上方。除雾器是用于将脱硫废水与高温烟气接触后产生的水雾进行分离，水雾中不仅含有水分，它还溶有硫酸、硫酸盐、二氧化硫等，同时也造成风机、热交换器及烟道的玷污和严重腐蚀，因此设计除雾器通入烟道的物质进行分离，保证烟道的使用寿命。
浓缩塔外部设置有浓缩塔引风机，浓缩塔引风机一端与位于浓缩塔顶部的通孔连通，另一端与烟道连通。浓缩塔引风机是将烟道中的高温烟气快速引入浓缩塔，使得烟气有足够的速度，从而在与脱硫废水接触时能够实现快速处理，保存烟气的通入量以及流通速率。
浓浆箱外部设置有压滤机，压滤机和浓浆箱之间设置有浓浆泵，且浓浆泵同时与压滤机和浓浆箱连通，而且浓浆箱中设置有浓浆箱搅拌器。压滤机是将浓浆箱中的物质滤出泥饼，送到固化系统，滤液返回浓浆箱。
在喷淋层底部设置有若干个喷嘴，且喷嘴均与喷淋层内部连通。喷嘴将通入喷淋层的脱硫废水快速而且均匀地洒在浓缩塔中，增大与烟气接触的面积，实现接触充分，处理更加迅速。本发明通过在锅炉尾部除尘器与脱硫塔之间设置浓缩塔，用泵将脱硫废水送到喷嘴喷淋，调节喷嘴流量将脱硫废水在浓缩塔内喷淋，直接利用锅炉烟气余热对浓缩塔内雾化的脱硫废水顺流接触进行蒸发浓缩处理，水分随烟气排放，浓缩液通过输送泵送入压滤分离装置形成滤饼固化外排。
其中浓缩塔设置为顺流塔，烟气从浓缩塔上方进入，与浓缩塔内喷淋层流出的废水顺流接触，进行蒸发换热，在浓缩塔出口处设置除雾器，对被烟气机械携带的液滴进行脱除。
一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的方法，包括以下步骤：
第一步，将从石膏旋流器来的脱硫废水导入废水箱进行缓存，再通过废水泵进入浓缩塔使得浓缩塔中废水达到设计的处理体积，从而使得处理过程能够持续有效进行，避免造成能源浪费；
第二步，浓缩塔内的废水通过循环泵将废水送入废水喷淋装置，喷淋装置上设置有多个喷 嘴，喷嘴将通入喷淋层的脱硫废水快速而且均匀地洒在浓缩塔中，水流薄而宽，呈雾状，增大与烟气接触的面积，实现接触充分；
第三步，抽取电除尘与脱硫塔之间的热烟气，热烟气以90至150℃范围通过烟道进入废水浓缩塔内，保持浓缩塔内的液气比为2-4时进行处理工作，浓缩塔内洗涤单位体积烟气所需的循环废水体积称为液气比，液气比越高，则循环泵出力越大，越耗能，液气比越低则会造成烟气洗涤不彻底，本方案在液气比为2-4时才进行处理工作，在这个范围内，循环泵工作效率达到额定功率，同时烟气能够完全被洗涤，热量交换达到最佳；
第四步，浓缩塔设置为顺流塔，热烟气以流速为5-7m/s状态与由废水喷淋装置喷出的雾状脱硫废水在浓缩塔内接触换热，使雾状脱硫废水蒸发浓缩，其中溶解物质形成结晶浓缩液，烟气在这个流速下，与由废水喷淋装置喷出的雾状脱硫废水在浓缩塔内接触换热效率最高，同时浓缩塔引风机工作时效率最大化，达到最合理利用，当大于这个流速时，浓缩塔引风机风速高，过大的流速造成废水并不能与烟气实现有效的接触，烟气余热为充分换热就通过了废水区域，使得热能利用率低，小于这个流速时，又会造成废水与烟气接触时间太长，烟气已低于换热所需温度却仍在浓缩塔中，影响整个系统工作效率；
第五步，与雾状脱硫废水接触后的热烟气变为湿烟气，浓缩塔排出温度为45至55℃的湿烟气，其经过除雾器处理后重新进入烟道，其利用进入烟气和排出烟气的部分温度差热量来蒸发废水；
第六步，与热烟气接触后的雾状脱硫废水变为部分结晶的浓缩液，储存于浓缩塔下部的浓浆箱内；
第七步，浓浆箱中的浓缩液密度为1.2至1.4t/m3时将浓缩液通过浓浆泵输送到压滤机滤出泥饼，滤液水返回浓浆箱，泥饼含水约50％，固体物主要成分为硫酸镁，氯化钠，石膏及飞灰。浓缩箱内浓缩液密度过低时将造成过滤出的泥饼少，利用率低，而本方案将其密度设计为1.2至1.4t/m3时才通入压滤机，得到的泥饼能够快速组合成型，滤液水返回浓浆箱储存等待下次符合密度要求再次通入过滤。
通过方案将脱硫进行处理，其不但处理效率高，在处理时消耗的能源少，而且实现是将脱硫废水零排放，其利用锅炉烟气余热的热量蒸发从脱硫石膏旋流器出来的脱硫废水，达到以废治废，尽量不消耗其它能源，同时处理过程是用热量蒸发，不需要添加其它化学药品，保证了最终液体不会产生其它添加物。
相对于现有采用逆流塔处理脱硫废水，本方案的浓缩塔则采用顺流塔方案，让高温烟气与废水顺流接触处理，塔内流速高，相同烟气量下比逆流塔，塔径小，而且减少能源消耗。顺流 塔方案中除雾器是放置在塔外，从而可减少塔高。因此在处理相同废水量情况下顺流塔比逆流塔尺寸小，占地面积小，更适应现场布置。具体比较如下：
Figure PCTCN2017096194-appb-000001
在上表中能够看出，以处理同样体积的脱硫废水处理系统，采用顺流塔相对于逆流塔，顺流塔的塔内流速约为逆流塔的塔内流速的两倍，处理效率更高，顺流塔的塔径比逆流塔的塔径小三分之一，占地面积减小，除雾器是放置在塔外，检修方便，从而可减少塔高，顺流塔的塔高比逆流塔的塔高低约3m，安全性更高。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下的优点和有益效果：
(1)本方案在整个过程中要求不完全蒸发脱硫废水，只对废水进行不断的浓缩，蒸发过程温和，操作弹性高，需要的烟气量较小，不需要消耗其他热源，耗能少，占地小，运行成本低；
(2)该项技术与传统脱硫废水处理技术相比，脱硫废水在本系统内形成闭合循环，没有废水排出，只有固体物产生，实现了石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫技术废水零排放，压滤机形成的滤饼可外运进行无害化填埋处理，排除的液体(母液)由循环泵送回浓缩塔继续处理；
(3)该项技术结构简单，易于实施；浓缩塔内壁、管道、喷嘴等可选用防腐材料；由于没有传热部件，从而避免了由于传热造成的腐蚀与结垢问题，不需要添加任何化学药品。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，并不构成对本发明实施例的限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明结构示意图。
附图中标记及对应的零部件名称：
1-浓缩塔引风机，2-浓缩塔，3-喷淋层，4-除雾器，5-浓浆箱，6-浓浆箱搅拌器，7-循环泵，8-浓浆泵，9-压滤机，10-废水箱，11-废水箱搅拌器，12-废水泵。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例和附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明，本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明，并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例：
如图1所示，一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，包括浓缩塔2和浓浆箱5，所述浓缩塔2中设置有喷淋层3，浓浆箱5同时与浓缩塔2内部以及喷淋层3连通，浓浆箱5是储存浓缩后的废水，浓浆箱5与浓缩塔2的连通处位于浓缩塔2底部，浓缩塔2上开设有通入烟气的通孔，烟气通过浓缩塔顶部通孔进入与喷淋层3，喷出的雾状脱硫废水在塔内顺流接触，所以通孔设置在喷淋层3上方，既实现顺流接触处理，同时也增大接触时间和处理时间，处理更加高效和彻底，在浓缩塔2外部设置有循环泵7，循环泵7与浓缩塔2连接处有两个，其中一个位于喷淋层3下方是直接与浓缩塔2内部连通，另一个在上方穿过外壁后与浓缩塔2内部的喷淋层3连通，浓缩塔2内位于喷淋层3下方的废水通过循环7泵进入喷淋层3喷出实现顺流而下接触，使废水不断循环蒸发，并且在浓缩塔2外部设置有废水箱10，废水箱10和浓缩塔2之间设置有废水泵12，且废水泵12同时与废水箱10和浓缩塔2连通，在浓缩塔出口设置除雾器4，降低烟气机械携带的液滴，除雾器4同时与浓缩塔2和烟道连通，除雾器4与浓缩塔2的连通处位于喷淋层3下方，同时除雾器4与浓缩塔2的连通处位于循环泵7与浓缩塔2内部的连通处上方，浓缩塔2外部设置有浓缩塔引风机1，浓缩塔引风机1一端与位于浓缩塔2顶部的通孔连通，另一端与烟道连通，废水箱10中设置有废水箱搅拌器11，浓浆箱5中设置有浓浆箱搅拌器6，是防止部分结晶的浓缩液沉积，浓浆箱5外部设置有压滤机9，压滤机9和浓浆箱2之间设置有浓浆泵8，且浓浆泵8同时与压滤机9和浓浆箱5连通，浓浆箱5内部分结晶的浓缩液通过浓浆泵送至压滤机9进行压缩过滤处理，浓缩液经过压滤机9压制后，产出的滤饼送到固化系统，滤液返回浓浆箱5，喷淋层3底部设置有8个喷嘴，且喷嘴均与喷淋层3内部连通。
将从石膏旋流器来的脱硫废水导入废水箱10，通过废水泵12进入浓缩塔2；浓缩塔2内的废水通过循环泵7将废水送入喷淋层3；利用浓缩塔引风机1抽取烟道中的热烟气进入浓缩塔2内；热烟气与由喷淋层3喷出的雾状脱硫废水在浓缩塔2内直接接触换热，使雾状脱硫废水蒸发浓缩，其中溶解物质形成结晶浓缩液；与雾状脱硫废水接触后的热烟气变为湿烟气，由浓缩塔2出口经过除雾器4回到烟道中；与热烟气接触后的雾状脱硫废水变为部分结晶的浓缩液，储存于浓缩塔下部的浓浆箱5内；浓缩液通过浓浆泵8送到压滤机9；压滤机 9滤出泥饼，送到固化系统，滤液返回浓浆箱5。
本系统及方法利用锅炉烟气余热的热量蒸发从脱硫石膏旋流器出来的脱硫废水，达到以废治废及脱硫废水零排放的目的，具有除投资省、运行费用低、不需添加任何化学药品等优势，适合化工企业大规模推广。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，其特征在于，包括浓缩塔(2)和浓浆箱(5)，所述浓缩塔(2)中设置有喷淋层(3)，浓浆箱(5)同时与浓缩塔(2)内部以及喷淋层(3)连通，浓缩塔(2)上开设有通入烟气的通孔，并且通孔设置在喷淋层(3)上方，在浓缩塔(2)外部设置有循环泵(7)，循环泵(7)同时与浓缩塔(2)内部和喷淋层(3)连通，且循环泵(7)与浓缩塔(2)内部的连通处位于喷淋层(3)下方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，其特征在于，所述浓缩塔(2)外部设置有废水箱(10)，废水箱(10)和浓缩塔(2)之间设置有废水泵(12)，且废水泵(12)同时与废水箱(10)和浓缩塔(2)连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，其特征在于，所述浓缩塔(2)外部设置有除雾器(4)，除雾器(4)同时与浓缩塔(2)和烟道连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，其特征在于，所述除雾器(4)与浓缩塔(2)的连通处位于喷淋层(3)下方，同时除雾器(4)与浓缩塔(2)的连通处位于循环泵(7)与浓缩塔(2)内部的连通处上方。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，其特征在于，所述浓缩塔(2)外部设置有浓缩塔引风机(1)，浓缩塔引风机(1)一端与位于浓缩塔(2)顶部的通孔连通，另一端与烟道连通。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，其特征在于，所述废水箱(10)中设置有废水箱搅拌器(11)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，其特征在于，所述浓浆箱(5)中设置有浓浆箱搅拌器(6)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，其特征在于，所述浓浆箱(5)外部设置有压滤机(9)，压滤机(9)和浓浆箱(2)之间设置有浓浆泵(8)，且浓浆泵(8)同时与压滤机(9)和浓浆箱(5)连通。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的系统，其特征在于，所述喷淋层(3)底部设置有若干个喷嘴，且喷嘴均与喷淋层(3)内部连通。
  10. 一种用烟气余热处理脱硫废水的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)、将从石膏旋流器来的脱硫废水导入废水箱，通过废水泵进入浓缩塔；
    (2)、浓缩塔内的废水通过循环泵将废水送入废水喷淋装置；
    (3)、抽取电除尘与脱硫塔之间的热烟气，热烟气以90至150℃范围通过烟道进入废水浓缩塔内，保持浓缩塔内的液气比为2-4时进行处理工作；
    (4)、热烟气以流速为5-7m/s状态与由废水喷淋装置喷出的雾状脱硫废水在浓缩塔内接触换热，使雾状脱硫废水蒸发浓缩，其中溶解物质形成结晶浓缩液；
    (5)、与雾状脱硫废水接触后的热烟气变为湿烟气，浓缩塔排出温度为45至55℃的湿烟气，其经过除雾器处理后重新进入烟道；
    (6)、与热烟气接触后的雾状脱硫废水变为部分结晶的浓缩液，储存于浓缩塔下部的浓浆箱内；
    (7)、浓浆箱中的浓缩液密度为1.2至1.4t/m3时将浓缩液通过浓浆泵输送到压滤机滤出泥饼，滤液水返回浓浆箱。
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