WO2018019453A1 - Dispositif d'antenne, véhicule automobile équipé du dispositif d'antenne et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner le dispositif d'antenne - Google Patents

Dispositif d'antenne, véhicule automobile équipé du dispositif d'antenne et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner le dispositif d'antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018019453A1
WO2018019453A1 PCT/EP2017/063634 EP2017063634W WO2018019453A1 WO 2018019453 A1 WO2018019453 A1 WO 2018019453A1 EP 2017063634 W EP2017063634 W EP 2017063634W WO 2018019453 A1 WO2018019453 A1 WO 2018019453A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna device
electromagnetic wave
horn
region
frequency
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/063634
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Schwenkert
Original Assignee
Audi Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi Ag filed Critical Audi Ag
Publication of WO2018019453A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018019453A1/fr

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02Waveguide horns
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/03Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/01Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the shape of the antenna or antenna system
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/22Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/42Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates

Definitions

  • Antenna device motor vehicle with the antenna device and method for operating the antenna device
  • the invention relates to an antenna device, as it can be used to provide a radar, for example in a motor vehicle.
  • the antenna device is based on a horn.
  • the invention also includes a motor vehicle which has at least one antenna device according to the invention.
  • the invention also includes a method for operating the antenna device.
  • horn antennas or horns for such a radar sensor are state of the art.
  • Such horn antennas for automotive applications radiate the electromagnetic radar waves usually with a firmly adjusted lobe characteristic or antenna characteristic. A controllable or directed focus is then not possible.
  • a horn antenna and an antenna characteristic which can be provided with a horn antenna are described, for example, in EP 0 074 53 A2. Another name for antenna characteristics is also directional characteristics or radiation characteristics.
  • the stacked structure of horns described therein has to amplify the difference in the directional characteristics of the individual horns such horns whose funnel shape is designed asymmetrically.
  • the excitation of the individual horns is adjusted in the manner described by adjusting the phase of the excitation signal.
  • the invention has for its object to set in an antenna device, a radiation direction of an electromagnetic wave during operation or to pivot.
  • the invention provides an antenna device which has a horn radiator and a control device for the horn radiator. Another name for horns is also horn antenna.
  • the horn radiator has a feed region for feeding an electromagnetic wave into a cavity of the horn radiator.
  • the cavity is open to an environment of the antenna device. This opening area represents a detachment area to which the electromagnetic wave can move or propagate after being fed from the feed area, and in which the electromagnetic wave detaches from the horn and exits into the surroundings.
  • the cavity is shaped in the manner known per se. In other words, two oppositely disposed, electrically conductive walls of the cavity are arranged starting from the feed region to each other such that they form a funnel shape that is widening in the direction of the detachment region.
  • Said control device is provided or designed for generating the electromagnetic wave in the feed region.
  • the control device can generate an electrical alternating signal or alternating field in the feed region, by which the electromagnetic wave is caused or caused in a known manner in the feed region.
  • the control device can be configured in a manner known per se. be designed to generate an alternating electrical field in the region of the feed.
  • Corresponding electronic circuits are available in the prior art.
  • the funnel shape formed by the walls has an asymmetry.
  • the two walls are therefore not arranged and / or shaped mirror-symmetrically with respect to an axis of the horn, but two corresponding areas of the walls differ with respect to their opening angle.
  • the control device is set up to set a frequency of the electromagnetic wave generated in the feed region.
  • the control device adjusts the frequency of the electrical alternating signal to a value that is predetermined by a direction signal.
  • the direction signal indicates the emission direction in which the wave vector or the main emission direction of the electromagnetic wave should have after detachment from the separation region.
  • the wave vector is also denoted by the symbol k.
  • Operation of the antenna device provides the following inventive method.
  • the orientation of the wave vector of a transmission lobe of the electromagnetic wave is aligned.
  • the transmission lobe is the part of the electromagnetic wave that has been emitted into the environment by means of the asymmetrical horn radiator of the antenna device.
  • the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is radiated.
  • the orientation of the wave vector can be determined as follows:
  • the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is adjusted such that a separation point at which the electromagnetic wave separates from the walls of the horn radiator is displaced.
  • the separation point varies depending on the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. But this happens at the two opposing the walls of the horn in different ways, since the walls are differently aligned and / or shaped due to Asynnnnie, resulting in the asymmetry of the funnel shape.
  • the separation points on both walls would be shifted in the same way as the wavelength changes, leaving the wave vector k unchanged in orientation.
  • the separation points on the two walls shift differently depending on the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves, so that the wave vector "tilts", ie, pivots or changes in spatial orientation.
  • the invention also includes advantageous developments, the characteristics of which provide additional advantages.
  • the separation region is the region within which the separation point is moving or when the control device passes through or sets all the intended frequencies one after the other.
  • the described asymmetry is provided in the separation region.
  • the asymmetry is caused by a curvature of one of the walls, this curvature being different from a corresponding section of the other wall.
  • an asymmetric curvature or radius formation is thus provided within the walls.
  • the portion with the curvature and the corresponding portion for example, have the same distance to the feed region.
  • the curvature is preferably provided in the manner described at the end of the horn antenna, ie in the separation region. Due to the curvature, there is the advantage that with continuous variation of the frequency, a continuous, stepless change of the emission direction is effected.
  • a length of the asymmetrical portion of the horn antenna is preferably in a range of 0.7 times to 1.3 times a wavelength corresponding to the electromagnetic wave in the horn antenna in at least one of the directions determined by the control means in response to the direction signal has adjustable or set frequencies.
  • the asymmetrical region may be, for example, the curvature of one of the walls, which is different from the configuration of the opposite wall.
  • At least one of the walls has a segment which is movably mounted with respect to the respective other wall, and as a result of which the asymmetry is designed to be changeable or adjustable by setting a position of the segment.
  • an electrically conductive wing element can be pivotably arranged in the detachment area, wherein its inclination or spatial orientation with respect to the opposite wall is adjusted by pivoting the wing element.
  • the segment can, for example, be brought into a position by means of a motor or a piezoelement in response to a control signal.
  • the control device is coupled to the feed region via a slot radiator or a waveguide.
  • These structures make it possible to feed in or generate an electromagnetic wave of variable frequency in a horn with low energy losses and / or with low reflection.
  • the antenna device is provided for providing a radar sensor.
  • the control device is adapted to generate electromagnetic waves in a frequency range from 70 gigahertz to 90 gigahertz.
  • the antenna device can emit a radar signal with an adjustable or pivotable main emission direction or a pivotable or adjustable wave vector.
  • the antenna characteristic or radiation characteristic of the antenna device for a radar is adjustable or frequency-dependent.
  • such an antenna device is particularly advantageous in a motor vehicle. In the case of a motor vehicle, in particular, a radar signal for detecting objects in an environment of the motor vehicle must be pivoted.
  • a motor vehicle which has at least one antenna device according to the invention.
  • the at least one antenna device is designed as a radar device of the motor vehicle.
  • the direction signal can be generated, for example, by a driver assistance system which monitors an environment of the vehicle on the basis of received radar signals.
  • the motor vehicle according to the invention is preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car.
  • the invention also includes developments of the method according to the invention which have features as they have already been described in connection with the developments of the antenna device according to the invention. For this reason, the corresponding developments of the method according to the invention are not described again here.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the antenna device according to the invention, which may be provided in the motor vehicle of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of the antenna device of FIG. 2 in a first operating mode
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the longitudinal section of the antenna device in a second mode of operation.
  • the exemplary embodiment explained below is a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the described components of the embodiment each represent individual features of the invention that are to be considered independently of one another, which also each independently further develop the invention and thus also individually or in a different combination than the one shown as part of the invention.
  • the described embodiment can also be supplemented by further features of the invention already described.
  • FIG. 1 shows, from a motor vehicle 10, a vehicle front 11 to which, by way of example, a radar sensor 12 can be provided by means of which a driver assistance system 13 can monitor an environment 14 of the motor vehicle 10 as to whether an object is located in the environment 14.
  • the radar device 12 can emit for this purpose a radar signal 15, which is formed by an electromagnetic wave 16.
  • the electromagnetic wave 16 is formed into a transmitting lobe 18.
  • the transmitting lobe 18 is the main lobe or high-energy wave. In FIG. 1, so-called side lobes are not shown for the sake of clarity.
  • a main emission direction 19 of the transmission lobe 18 indicates in which direction the antenna device 17 radiates the greatest power.
  • the main emission direction 19 also corresponds to a wave vector k, which is likewise illustrated in FIG.
  • the wave vector k represents an alignment of the main emission direction 19 and thus of the transmission lobe 15.
  • the driver assistance system 13 may set or adjust the orientation or main emission direction 19 by outputting a direction signal 21 to the radar device 12.
  • the antenna device 17 has a control device 22, by means of which the main emission direction 19 is set as a function of the direction signal 21.
  • the electromagnetic wave 16 directed into the environment 14 can then be generated.
  • the electromagnetic wave 16 reflected by an object in the environment 14 can be received by means of the horn antenna 23 and converted into a reception signal 24 which can be received by the driver assistance system 13 and by means of which the object in the surroundings 14 can be detected.
  • the control device 22 can be configured in a manner known per se, as is known for operating horn radiators.
  • the horn 23 may comprise, as known, a feed region 25, and a funnel shape 26 defining a cavity 27 which is open to the environment 14, i. the cavity 27 has an outlet opening 28 for the electromagnetic wave 16 to the environment 14 down.
  • Two opposite walls 29, 30 of the cavity 27 are arranged starting from the feed region 25 in a V-shaped or funnel-shaped or scissor-shaped manner.
  • the resulting funnel shape 26 is designed in such a way that it widens toward the opening 28 or is made widening.
  • the remaining walls of the cavity 27 can be arranged parallel to one another.
  • the funnel shape 26 is configured asymmetrically, since two corresponding regions 31, 32 of the walls 29, 30 are curved and / or shaped differently and / or differently aligned with respect to a central axis 33, for example of the feed region 25 ,
  • the reference axis for the asymmetry may also be based, for example, on a geometrical gravity line or a geometric median of the funnel shape 26.
  • the control device 22 can generate an alternating electric field 34, which causes the electromagnetic wave 16 in the feed region 25 in a known manner.
  • a slot radiator or a waveguide can be provided in the feed region 25.
  • the electromagnetic wave 16 arises, for example, as a TEM wave (transverse electromagnetic wave), such as a TEM10 wave.
  • This electromagnetic wave 16 continues to propagate in the direction of the opening 28, in order then to detach from the horn antenna 23 at the horn end of the maximum possible widening of the field profile as a space wave.
  • a frequency f of the alternating electric signal 34 may be set by the controller 22 in response to the direction signal 21. The electromagnetic wave can then propagate from the feed region 25 in the direction of the feed region 25 opposite opening 28 of the cavity 27.
  • a first frequency f1 For a first frequency f1, this is shown in FIG.
  • a node spacing N1 which represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave 16.
  • the electromagnetic wave 16 detaches from the walls 29, 30 at detachment points 35, 36.
  • the respective detachment point 35, 36 on the walls 29, 30 shifts in dependence on the set frequency f.
  • the sum of all detachment points 35, 36 for the frequencies f that can be set by the control device 22 results in a region which defines the detachment region 37 of the electromagnetic wave from the horn antenna 23.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates for the frequency f1 that, due to the position of the separation points 35, 36, the wave vector k is aligned parallel to the axis 33, i. the main emission direction 19 points "straight" away from the horn 23, ie in the example parallel to the axis 33.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates which electromagnetic wave may result at a frequency f2 which may be greater than the frequency f1.
  • a node spacing decreases to the value N2.
  • the detachment points 35, 36 slide to varying degrees or to different extents so that the wave vector k is adjusted at an angle to the axis 33.
  • the main radiation direction 19 is pivoted in a pivoting movement 20, ie in one Angle aligned with the axis 33.
  • the region 32 may have a curvature 38 of radius R or may be formed as the curvature 38, while the corresponding region 31 may be flat, flat, or un-curved, for example can be.
  • the curvature 38 thus represents an asymmetrical region in comparison to the opposite, corresponding region.
  • the region 32 can also be designed as a pivotable segment, so that the segment can be pivoted or moved relative to the region 31.
  • the structures of the horn antenna 23 are therefore not symmetrical in the horn 23 in all areas. This results in the frequency dependency of the main emission direction 19.
  • the angles or opening angles of the walls 29, 30 of the horn structure 23 are not axis-symmetrical, for example with respect to the axis 33, but have a larger expansion on one side in a region 32, This has the consequence that the transmitting lobe 15 is also emitted with a non-axis-symmetric angle when a corresponding frequency f is set.
  • the field line pattern at the separation region 37 and thus also the shape of the directional characteristic, i. the orientation of the transmission lobe 18.
  • the frequency dependence of the separation points 35, 36 of the field lines at the horn end i.
  • the asymmetric radiusing of the bend 38 is preferably in the dimension of the wavelength, i. in a range of 0.7 times to 1, 3 times.
  • the advantage of using a horn radiator 23 is that the energy bundled is emitted in a defined solid angle, through wel- Chen the transmission lobe 18 results. The losses are smaller and the space requirement is much lower than with today's patch antennas.
  • the use of the described curvature 38 has the advantage that the separation point 36 of the electromagnetic wave 16 is frequency-dependent and asymmetrical due to the curvature at the end of the wall 30 in the region of the opening 29, and thus the wave vector k with the frequency f "tilted, can be.
  • the energy radiation is thus no longer limited to the direction of the central axis 33, but deviating from it and controllable with the frequency change.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'antenne (17) comportant un cornet d'émission (23) pourvu d'une zone d'alimentation (25) pour fournir une onde électromagnétique (16) dans un espace vide (27) du cornet d'émission (23) et d'une zone de détachement (37), dans laquelle l'espace vide (27) est ouvert vers un environnement (14) du dispositif d'antenne (17) et dans laquelle l'onde électromagnétique (16) se détache du cornet d'émission (23) au cours du fonctionnement du dispositif d'antenne (17) et émerge dans l'environnement (14), deux parois électroconductrices opposées (29, 30) de la cavité (27) étant disposées pour former un entonnoir (26) s'élargissant en direction de la zone de détachement (37). Selon l'invention, l'entonnoir (26) formé par les parois (29, 30) présente une asymétrie et un système de commande (22) est configuré pour régler, en fonction d'un signal de direction (21) qui spécifie une direction de rayonnement (19) de l'onde électromagnétique (16), une fréquence (f) de l'onde électromagnétique (16) générée dans la zone d'alimentation (25).
PCT/EP2017/063634 2016-07-25 2017-06-06 Dispositif d'antenne, véhicule automobile équipé du dispositif d'antenne et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner le dispositif d'antenne WO2018019453A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016213542.2 2016-07-25
DE102016213542 2016-07-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018019453A1 true WO2018019453A1 (fr) 2018-02-01

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PCT/EP2017/063634 WO2018019453A1 (fr) 2016-07-25 2017-06-06 Dispositif d'antenne, véhicule automobile équipé du dispositif d'antenne et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner le dispositif d'antenne

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2018019453A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0074153A2 (fr) 1981-09-07 1983-03-16 Philips Electronics Uk Limited Antenne cornet
US6310583B1 (en) * 2000-02-17 2001-10-30 Trw Inc. Steerable offset reflector antenna
US20120019408A1 (en) * 2010-07-23 2012-01-26 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Microwave system utilizing elevational scanning by frequency hopping
DE102012104090A1 (de) 2012-05-10 2013-11-14 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Stapelbare Hornantennenelemente für Antennenanordnungen
CN103531909A (zh) * 2013-10-16 2014-01-22 北京理工大学 太赫兹频扫h面扇形喇叭天线及其在体硅mems工艺下的制备方法
DE102012106938A1 (de) 2012-07-30 2014-01-30 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Abbildende Erfassung eines Radargesichtsfelds in der Prozessautomatisierungstechnik
US20160056537A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 Honeywell International Inc. Systems and methods for a steered beam horn antenna

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0074153A2 (fr) 1981-09-07 1983-03-16 Philips Electronics Uk Limited Antenne cornet
US6310583B1 (en) * 2000-02-17 2001-10-30 Trw Inc. Steerable offset reflector antenna
US20120019408A1 (en) * 2010-07-23 2012-01-26 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Microwave system utilizing elevational scanning by frequency hopping
DE102012104090A1 (de) 2012-05-10 2013-11-14 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Stapelbare Hornantennenelemente für Antennenanordnungen
DE102012106938A1 (de) 2012-07-30 2014-01-30 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Abbildende Erfassung eines Radargesichtsfelds in der Prozessautomatisierungstechnik
CN103531909A (zh) * 2013-10-16 2014-01-22 北京理工大学 太赫兹频扫h面扇形喇叭天线及其在体硅mems工艺下的制备方法
US20160056537A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 Honeywell International Inc. Systems and methods for a steered beam horn antenna

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