WO2018018506A1 - 切割部件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

切割部件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018018506A1
WO2018018506A1 PCT/CN2016/092092 CN2016092092W WO2018018506A1 WO 2018018506 A1 WO2018018506 A1 WO 2018018506A1 CN 2016092092 W CN2016092092 W CN 2016092092W WO 2018018506 A1 WO2018018506 A1 WO 2018018506A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting member
cutting
metal material
manufacturing
member according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/092092
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王伟毅
Original Assignee
杭州巨星工具有限公司
杭州巨星科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 杭州巨星工具有限公司, 杭州巨星科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 杭州巨星工具有限公司
Priority to EP16910087.2A priority Critical patent/EP3492193A4/en
Priority to JP2019504730A priority patent/JP2019532171A/ja
Priority to US16/320,634 priority patent/US11577303B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/092092 priority patent/WO2018018506A1/zh
Publication of WO2018018506A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018018506A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K11/00—Making cutlery wares; Making garden tools or the like
    • B21K11/02—Making cutlery wares; Making garden tools or the like knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B9/00—Blades for hand knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K11/00—Making cutlery wares; Making garden tools or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0006—Electron-beam welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • B23K31/025—Connecting cutting edges or the like to tools; Attaching reinforcements to workpieces, e.g. wear-resisting zones to tableware
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B23P15/40—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools shearing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/18—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cutting member, and more particularly to a cutting member formed by welding a metal material, the supporting portion of which has high toughness and the cutting portion has high hardness and high wear resistance.
  • the invention also relates to a method of making such a cutting material.
  • the cutting member is used to cut an object, and may generally include various forms such as a blade and a saw blade, and generally includes a support portion and a cutting edge portion, the support portion functions as a supporting cutting edge portion, and the cutting edge portion can be used for cutting.
  • the supporting portion is a blade body
  • the cutting edge portion is a cutting edge.
  • Conventional inserts are typically made from a single material, such as blanking and grinding through multiple monolithic materials to form a finished insert. Such blades have uniform toughness and hardness or wear resistance in the blade and the cutting edge. If the edge life is longer in order to increase the hardness of the blade edge, it is necessary to use a material with a high hardness.
  • the blade made of a material having a high hardness has poor toughness and is easily broken during use of the blade. If a material having good toughness is used in order to improve the toughness of the blade body, the hardness of the edge made of the material is deteriorated, so that the wear resistance of the cutting edge is lowered and the service life is shortened. If the material chosen is between high hardness and high toughness, only the balance between blade toughness and edge hardness can be obtained, but neither of them achieves the best results. Other cutting components also have drawbacks similar to those of the blade.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high toughness of the support portion and a high hardness of the edge portion / A cutting member having high wear resistance and long service life and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • an aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a cutting member:
  • the cutting member has a first portion for supporting and a second portion for forming a cutting edge, the third portion connecting the first portion and the second portion;
  • the manufacturing method includes:
  • the first side of the first metal material and the second side of the second metal material are welded by a high energy beam, and the welded portion forms the third portion;
  • the above high energy beam welding is laser, electron beam or ion beam welding.
  • the high energy beam welding is pulsed laser welding, and the wavelength of the laser is 1064 nm.
  • the high energy beam welding is continuous laser welding, and the continuous laser is generated by a rare earth doped laser having a wavelength of 1070 nm ⁇ 10 nm. .
  • the moving speed of the laser is 5 to 50 mm/s.
  • the first metal material is hardened stainless steel; the second metal material is tool steel.
  • the first metal material is martensitic stainless steel having a carbon content of 0.1 to 0.7%; and the second metal material has a carbon content of not less than 0.7% high speed tool steel or alloy tool steel with a carbon content of not less than 0.8%.
  • the high speed tool steel having a carbon content of not less than 0.7% or the alloy tool steel having a carbon content of not less than 0.8% contains at least W, Cr One or more of alloying elements such as Mo, V, and Co.
  • the above preparation method further comprises the steps of: cutting the first metal material and the second metal material before the welding, the minimum width of the second metal material perpendicular to the first side is 0.3 mm .
  • the above cutting is performed using wire cutting or high speed punching.
  • the above manufacturing method further comprises the step of grinding the first portion and the second portion of the heat-treated cutting member blank after heat-treating the cutting member blank to form a shape of the finished cutting member.
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a cutting member having a first portion for supporting and a second portion for forming a cutting edge, the third portion connecting the first portion and the second portion ;
  • the manufacturing method includes:
  • first metal material for forming a first portion and having a first side
  • second metal material for forming a second portion and having a second side
  • the first metallic material having a carbon content a martensitic stainless steel between 0.1 and 0.7%
  • the second metal material is a high speed tool steel having a carbon content of not less than 0.7% or an alloy tool steel having a carbon content of not less than 0.8%
  • the first side of the first metal material and the second side of the second metal material are welded by a high energy beam, and the weld forms a third portion;
  • a blank of the cutting part is obtained, and the blank of the cutting part is subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment comprises:
  • the above heat treatment is performed under vacuum before quenching, and the degree of vacuum in the vacuum heating chamber is not more than 200 Pa.
  • step of heating and maintaining the segmentation comprises:
  • the cutting member blank is heated from a second temperature to a third temperature at a third speed not higher than the second speed and subjected to a third incubation.
  • the first speed is 9.5 ⁇ 1°C/min
  • the first temperature is 620 ⁇ 680°C
  • the first heat preservation is heat preservation. 60 ⁇ 90min
  • the second speed is 7 ⁇ 0.5°C/min
  • the second temperature is 800 ⁇ 850°C
  • the second insulation is 60 ⁇ 90min
  • the third speed is 6 ⁇ 0.5°C/min.
  • the third temperature is 1100 ⁇ 1250 °C
  • the third insulation is 60 ⁇ 120 minutes.
  • the first speed is 9.5 ° C / min
  • the first temperature is 650 ° C
  • the first heat preservation is 90 min
  • the second speed is 7 ° C / min
  • the second temperature is 800 ⁇ 850 ° C
  • the second insulation is 60 ⁇ 90min
  • the third speed is 6 ° C / min
  • the third temperature is 1100 ⁇ 1250 ° C
  • the third insulation is 60 ⁇ 120min.
  • the quenching is vacuum gas quenching, and the inert gas pressure in the heating chamber is at least 0.5 bar, so that the temperature in the heating chamber is lowered to 100 ° C. the following.
  • the quenching is vacuum oil quenching, and the vacuum quenching oil used has a temperature ranging from 50 to 80 °C.
  • the second metal material is a high speed tool steel having a carbon content of not less than 0.7%
  • the tempering step comprises:
  • the quenched cutting member blank is heated to a fourth temperature and subjected to a fourth heat retention.
  • the fourth temperature is 500-560 ° C
  • the fourth heat preservation is 2 hours of heat preservation
  • tempering is performed 3 Then, before the tempering, the blank of the cutting part is cooled to room temperature and then heated to the fourth temperature.
  • the second metal material is an alloy tool steel having a carbon content of not less than 0.8%
  • the tempering step comprises:
  • the quenched cutting member blank is heated to a fifth temperature and subjected to a fifth heat retention.
  • the fifth temperature is 180 ⁇ 260° C.
  • the fifth heat preservation is 2 hours of heat preservation
  • tempering is performed 2 Then, before the tempering, the blank of the cutting part is cooled to room temperature and then heated to the fifth temperature.
  • Another aspect of the present invention also provides a cutting member having a first portion for supporting and a second portion for forming a cutting edge, a third portion connecting the first portion and the second portion;
  • the first portion is composed of a first metal material, the first metal material is hardened stainless steel, and has a first side;
  • the second portion is composed of a second metal material, the second metal material is tool steel, and has a second side;
  • the third portion is formed by the first side of the first metal material and the second side of the second metal material by high energy beam welding;
  • the metallurgical structure of the first portion near the third portion, the metallographic structure of the third portion, and the metallographic structure of the second portion adjacent the third portion are substantially free of voids.
  • the metallographic structure of the first portion near the third portion contains martensite, ferrite and carbide structure
  • the metallographic structure of the second portion near the third portion contains hidden needle martensite and partial carbonization Organization.
  • the metallographic structure of the first portion near the third portion is such that the tensile strength at the portion is not lower than the tensile strength of the first metal material; the metallographic structure of the second portion near the third portion is such that The tensile strength is not lower than the tensile strength of the second metal material.
  • the cutting member is subjected to heat treatment to increase the hardness, and the hardness of the first portion after the heat treatment is 36-54HRC. Between the second part, the hardness is between 58-72RHC.
  • the second portion has a first edge for cutting, the first edge being smooth or zigzag.
  • the cutting member has a polygonal shape.
  • the cutting member has a triangular shape having a second edge and a third edge respectively intersecting the two ends of the first edge, the second edge and the third edge also intersecting; the first portion and the second portion extending from the second edge To the third edge.
  • the second edge is composed of at least two line segments, wherein at least one continuous curve is included.
  • the at least two line segments are mathematically continuously steerable.
  • the ratio of the maximum width of the second portion to the maximum width of the first portion is 1:15 ⁇ 1:3.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a cutting tool comprising a cutting member manufactured as described above, or comprising a cutting member as described above.
  • the cutting tool is a fruit knife, a kitchen knife, a utility knife, a folding knife, a utility knife, a single knife, a hand saw, a wall panel saw or a jig saw.
  • the cutting member of the present invention has the characteristics that the support portion (first portion) has good toughness and the cutting edge portion (second portion) has high hardness.
  • the third part obtained that is, the metallographic structure at the weld is substantially free of voids, which indicates that the weld joint effect is good, and the weld joint has high strength and is not easily broken.
  • the metallographic structure of the support portion and the edge portion on both sides of the weld is also substantially free of holes, and the metallographic structure of the support portion near the weld after welding contains martensite, ferrite and carbide structure, and the structure is improved.
  • the tensile strength of the portion is at least not lower than the original tensile strength of the first metal material used in the support portion.
  • the metallurgical structure of the cutting edge portion near the weld after welding contains the hidden needle martensite and part of the carbide structure, and the structure enhances the tensile strength of the portion so as to be at least not lower than the number used in the cutting edge portion.
  • the original tensile strength of the two metal materials is the original tensile strength of the two metal materials.
  • the metal material used in the present invention and the weld adjacent to the weld and the structure near the weld overcome the weak characteristics of the weld when the conventional metal material uses conventional welding process parameters, so that the entire blade portion is connected to the support portion. Good, and the connection is no longer a weak part of the entire cutting part, so that the cutting part has a better service life.
  • the temperature rising process during heat treatment adopts a staged heating and heat preservation mode, and the higher the temperature, the slower the temperature rising speed, and combined with the specific process parameters of the present invention, the cracking of the cutting member during the treatment can be effectively prevented.
  • the configuration of the triangle in one embodiment of the invention and the mathematically continuous conductivity of the cutting edge curve results in a better cutting effect of the cutting member.
  • the final product of the obtained cutting component has a blade hardness of 36-54HRC.
  • the cutting edge hardness is 58-72RHC, which has the high toughness of the support part and the high hardness/high wear resistance of the cutting edge part.
  • the durability is more than 300mm, which greatly improves the service life of the cutting parts.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a preferred embodiment of a cutting member of the present invention, specifically a blade.
  • Figure 2 is a metallographic structure in the vicinity of a third portion of a preferred embodiment of the cutting member of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 and 4 are schematic views of one embodiment of the cutting member of the present invention, which is specifically a utility knife blade.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a cutting member of the present invention, specifically a utility knife blade.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are schematic views of still another embodiment of the cutting member of the present invention, specifically a chopper.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic views of still another embodiment of the cutting member of the present invention, specifically a hand saw and a wall saw blade.
  • the cutting member referred to in the present invention is used for cutting an object, including a supporting portion, a cutting edge portion and a weld bead, the supporting portion functions as a supporting cutting edge portion, and the cutting edge portion can be used for cutting and forming a welded seam by welding Used to connect the support portion and the cutting edge portion.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cutting member of one embodiment of the present invention, which is a blade.
  • the blade defines a first edge 1 and a second edge 2 And a third edge 3, wherein the first edge 1 and the second edge 2 have a first intersection 11 and the first edge 1 and the third edge 3 have a second intersection 12, a second edge 2 and a third edge 3 Has a third intersection 13 .
  • the blade assumes a triangular configuration.
  • the blade has a first portion 4 for support and a second portion 5 for forming a cutting edge.
  • Part 1 4 Made of a first metal material the first metal material has high toughness and martensitic stainless steel is used.
  • the martensitic stainless steel has a carbon content of 0.1 to 0.7%. Between, it can be selected from the following grades (Chinese / American grade) of standardized martensitic stainless steel, including but not limited to 2Cr13/420, 3Cr13/420, 4Cr13 and 7Cr17/440 and so on.
  • the second part 5 is made of a second metal material, the second metal material has a higher hardness / Wear resistance, high speed tool steel or alloy tool steel.
  • the high speed tool steel has a carbon content of not less than 0.7% and contains at least W, Cr, Mo, V, and Co.
  • One or more of the alloying elements may be selected from the following high-speed tool steels of the following grades (Chinese/American grades), including but not limited to W18Cr4V/T1, W18Cr4V2Co8/T5, W12Cr4V5Co5/T15, W6Mo5Cr4V2/M2, W2Mo9Cr4V2/M7 and W2Mo9Cr4VCo8/M42.
  • the alloy tool steel has a carbon content of not less than 0.8% and may be selected from the following brands (Chinese brand / Standard grade tool steels of the US grade, including but not limited to Cr12Mo1V1/D2, Cr12/D3 and Cr5Mo1V/A2.
  • a third portion 6 of the blade is formed when the first metal material and the second metal material are welded together.
  • the third part 6 Is a weld between the first part and the second part. Observing the metallographic structure of the weld, as shown by a in Fig. 2, there is substantially no formation of holes, which indicates that the welding effect of the weld is good.
  • the metallurgical structure after welding contains martensite, ferrite and carbide structures.
  • the second part 5 of the third part 6 as shown in Figure 2 c
  • the metallurgical structure after welding contains hidden needle martensite and part of the carbide structure.
  • the above metallographic structure ensures that the tensile strength of the first portion 4 and the second portion 5 adjacent to the third portion 6 is at least comparable to that of the base material.
  • Part III 6 The first part 4 is near the third part 6 and the second part 5 is near the third part 6
  • the metallographic structure is basically free of holes, which indicates that the structural strength of the welded joint is high and it is not easy to break. Therefore, it is not easy to break the first part and the second part during use, and the use of the blade is prolonged. life.
  • the ratio of the width of the second portion 5 to the maximum width of the first portion 4 is between 1:15 and 1:3.
  • the proportional setting in this range ensures that the second part 4 can be welded to the first part 5 and the second part is guaranteed 4 It is not too wide, weakening the toughness of the first part 5, which causes the entire blade to break easily. This ensures the hardness and wear resistance of the cutting edge formed in the second part and also ensures the higher toughness of the first part.
  • the first edge of the blade 1 It consists of at least two line segments, including a continuous curve.
  • the curves formed by all the constituent segments are mathematically continuously steerable.
  • Such a cutting edge curve form a triangular blade structure to produce a good cutting effect.
  • the cutting member of the present invention can also have a variety of shapes and configurations, for example, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the utility knife blade shown has a trapezoidal appearance, including a first portion 21, 31 for support, and a second portion 22, 32 for forming a cutting edge And a third portion 23, 33 formed by welding between the first portion and the second portion, wherein the first portion 21 or 31 There are grooves or holes for mating with other parts of the utility knife.
  • the cutting member can also be a utility knife blade having the shape of a parallelogram, including the first portion for support, as shown in FIG. a second portion 42 for forming a cutting edge, and a third portion 43 formed by welding between the first portion and the second portion.
  • the cutting part can also be shown in Figures 6 and 7 as a chopper, in its first part 51 Or 61 has extended handle connection portions 511 and 611 which may be the same as or different from the first portion.
  • Cutting parts can also be as shown in Figures 8 and 9 Shown is a saw blade of a hand saw or a wall panel saw that forms a second portion of the cutting edge that produces a serrated edge by grinding or the like.
  • the zigzag shape may be a sawtooth shape commonly used in the art such as double or triple grinding.
  • the material of the first portion that is, the material of the second portion, the third portion after welding, and the metallographic structure in the vicinity thereof are as described in the foregoing embodiments, and are not described herein again.
  • cutting members of the present invention may also have a variety of shapes and configurations other than those described above.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a cutting member as described above.
  • the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: For the first metal material and the second metal material, 2) using high-energy beam welding, such as laser, electron beam or ion beam welding, 3) heat-treating the welded part blank after welding, 4 The heat-treated cutting member is ground to form a final product.
  • the first metal material has a carbon content of 0.1 to 0.7%.
  • the second metal material is a high speed tool steel having a carbon content of not less than 0.7%.
  • the first metal material and the second metal material are separately cut and cut into shapes corresponding to the first portion and the second portion of the finished cutting member.
  • the cutting can be carried out using wire cutting or high speed punching, or by other cutting methods conventionally used in the art.
  • the cut first metal material has a relatively flat first side
  • the cut second metal material has a relatively flat second side.
  • the wavelength is 1064nm and the moving speed is 5 ⁇ 50mm/s.
  • the pulsed laser welds the first side of the cut first metal material and the second side of the second metal material.
  • a wavelength of 1070 nm ⁇ 10 nm can also be used.
  • the continuous laser is moved at a speed of 5 to 50 mm/s, and the continuous laser is generated by a rare earth doped laser.
  • the heat treatment includes 1) heating and holding; 2) quenching; 3 ) temper.
  • the temperature rise and the heat preservation and quenching are carried out in a vacuum furnace, and the vacuum degree in the vacuum heating chamber is not more than 200 Pa before quenching.
  • the heat treatment is specifically as follows:
  • Heating and heat preservation heating up to 620 ⁇ 680 °C at 9.5 ⁇ 1 °C/min, keeping warm for 60 ⁇ 90min Then increase the temperature to 800 ⁇ 850 °C at 7 ⁇ 0.5°C/min, keep warm for 60 ⁇ 90min, and then heat up to 1100 ⁇ 1250°C at 6 ⁇ 0.5°C/min. , heat preservation 60 ⁇ 120min.
  • the temperature is raised to 650 ° C at a rate of 9.5 ° C / min, held for 90 min; and then heated to a temperature of 7 ° C / min to 800 ⁇ 850 °C, heat preservation 60 ⁇ 90min; then heat up to 1100 ⁇ 1250 °C at 6 °C/min, keep warm for 60 ⁇ 120min;
  • quenching vacuum gas quenching, charging inert gas into the heating chamber, so that the inert gas pressure in the heating chamber is at least 0.5 bar, and cooling to Below 100 ° C (refer to the vacuum oven display temperature is below 100 ° C).
  • the quenching is performed by vacuum oil quenching using a vacuum quenching oil having a temperature in the range of 50 to 80 °C.
  • Tempering air-cool the cut part after quenching to room temperature, then heat up to 500 ⁇ 560 °C, keep warm 2 In the hour, the step is repeated twice, that is, tempering is carried out three times in total.
  • the heat-treated cut part blank is subjected to grinding of the size and shape. Grinding can be carried out by methods conventionally used in the art, such as by using a grinding machine.
  • the first metal material has a carbon content of 0.1 to 0.7%.
  • the second metal material is an alloy tool steel having a carbon content of not less than 0.8%.
  • the tempering step in the heat treatment process is specifically: air-cooling the cut part after quenching to room temperature, and then heating up to 180 ⁇ 260 ° C, keeping warm After 2 hours, the step is repeated once, that is, the tempering is performed twice in total.
  • the heat treatment process of the welded cutting member blank may not be performed under vacuum.
  • the second portion is adjacent to the third portion to form an incoming structure containing the hidden needle martensite and a portion of the carbide structure after welding, which structure enhances the tensile strength of the portion so as to be at least not lower than that used in the second portion.
  • the original tensile strength of the second metallic material is adjacent to the third portion to form an incoming structure containing the hidden needle martensite and a portion of the carbide structure after welding, which structure enhances the tensile strength of the portion so as to be at least not lower than that used in the second portion.
  • the hardness of the first part is 36-54HRC Such hardness imparts better toughness to the first portion, making the cutting member less likely to break.
  • the hardness of the second part is 58-72RHC It gives the second part a good wear resistance, which makes the cutting blade have a longer service life.
  • a further aspect of the invention provides a cutting tool comprising the cutting member described above.
  • the cutting tool can be a fruit knife, a utility knife, a folding knife, a utility knife, a single knife, a hand saw, a wall panel saw or a jig saw.
  • the sharpness and durability of a single-blade formed by a blade manufactured using the method of the present invention is as follows:
  • the cutting member having the embodiment of the present invention has a durability which is many times higher than that of the conventional single-blade insert.

Abstract

一种切割部件的制造方法，该切割部件具有用于支撑的第一部分（4）和用于形成切割刃的第二部分（5），连接上述两部分的第三部分（6）；该制造方法包括提供用于形成第一部分（4）的第一金属材料，提供用于形成第二部分（5）的第二金属材料，第一金属材料和第二金属材料通过高能束流焊接，焊接处形成第三部分（6）；对焊接后获得切割部件毛坯进行热处理。以及一种切割部件，第一部分（4）由第一金属材料组成；第二部分（5）由第二金属材料组成；在焊接后，第三部分（6）及附近的金相结构基本不含孔洞。采用该制造方法获得的切割部件兼具刀身韧性好，切割刃硬度高，刀身和刀刃不容易断开的特点，使用寿命长。

Description

切割部件及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种切割部件，尤其涉及一种通过金属材料焊接形成的切割部件，其支撑部分具有高韧性且刃口部分具有高硬度和高耐磨性。本发明还涉及这种切割材料的制造方法。
背景技术
切割部件用于对物体进行切割，通常可以包括刀片和锯片等多种形式，一般包括支撑部分和刃口部分，支撑部分起到支撑刃口部分的作用，刃口部分可用于进行切割。以刀片为例，其支撑部分为刀身，其刃口部分为刃口。常规的刀片一般采用单一的材料制成，如通过多整体材料进行下料及磨削形成成品刀片。这样的刀片其刀身和刃口具有统一的韧性和硬度或耐磨度。如果为了提高刀片刃口的硬度，使刃口的使用寿命更长，则需要使用硬度高的材料。但使用硬度高的材料制成的刀身，其韧性变差，在刀片使用过程中容易折断。如果为了提高刀身的韧性而采用韧性较好的材料时，由此材料制成的刃口的硬度就会变差，使得刃口的耐磨性降低、使用寿命缩短。若选用的制作材料介于高硬度和高韧性之间，也只能获得刀身韧性和刃口硬度之间的平衡，但是两者都没有达到最好的效果。其他的切割部件也存在与刀片类似的缺陷。
因此，本领域的技术人员致力于开发兼具支撑部分的高韧性和刃口部分的高硬度 / 高耐磨性，并且使用寿命长的切割部件，以及这种切割部件的制造方法。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种兼具支撑部分的高韧性和刃口部分的高硬度 / 高耐磨性，并且使用寿命长的切割部件及其制造方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明的一个方面提供了一种切割部件的制造方法：
该切割部件具有用于支撑的第一部分和用于形成切割刃的第二部分，连接第一部分和第二部分的第三部分；
该制造方法包括：
提供第一金属材料，其用于形成所述第一部分，并具有第一侧面；提供第二金属材料，其用于形成所述第二部分，并具有第二侧面；
第一金属材料的第一侧面和第二金属材料的第二侧面通过高能束流焊接，焊接处形成上述第三部分；
焊接后获得切割部件毛坯，将所述切割部件毛坯进行热处理。
进一步地，上述高能束流焊接为激光、电子束或离子束焊接。
进一步地，高能束流焊接为脉冲激光焊接，激光的波长为 1064nm 。
可选地，高能束流焊接为连续激光焊接，该连续激光由稀土掺杂的激光器产生，激光的波长为 1070nm±10nm 。
进一步地，激光的运动速度为 5~50mm/s 。
进一步地，第一金属材料为硬化的不锈钢；第二金属材料为工具钢。
进一步地，第一金属材料为碳含量在 0.1~0.7% 之间的马氏体不锈钢；第二金属材料为碳含量不低于 0.7% 的高速工具钢或碳含量不低于 0.8% 的合金工具钢。
优选地，碳含量不低于 0.7% 的高速工具钢或碳含量不低于 0.8% 的合金工具钢至少含有 W 、 Cr 、 Mo 、 V 、 Co 等合金元素中的一种或多种。
进一步地，上述制备方法在焊接前还包括如下步骤：将第一金属材料和第二金属材料进行切割，第二金属材料垂直于所述第一侧面的最小宽度为 0.3mm 。
优选地，上述切割采用线切割或高速冲床进行。
优选地，上述制造方法在对切割部件毛坯进行热处理之后还包括如下步骤：对热处理后的切割部件毛坯的所述第一部分和所述第二部分进行磨削，以形成成品切割部件的形状。
本发明的一个具体实施方式还提供了一种切割部件的制造方法，该切割部件具有用于支撑的第一部分和用于形成切割刃的第二部分，连接第一部分和第二部分的第三部分；
该制造方法包括：
提供第一金属材料，其用于形成第一部分，并具有第一侧面；第二金属材料，其用于形成第二部分，并具有第二侧面；第一金属材料为碳含量在 0.1~0.7% 之间的马氏体不锈钢；第二金属材料为碳含量不低于 0.7% 的高速工具钢或碳含量不低于 0.8% 的合金工具钢；
第一金属材料的第一侧面和第二金属材料的第二侧面通过高能束流焊接，焊接处形成第三部分；
焊接后获得切割部件毛坯，将该切割部件毛坯进行热处理，该热处理包括：
使上述切割部件毛坯分段升温及保温；
使升温后的切割部件毛坯淬火；
对淬火后的切割部件进行多次回火。
进一步地，上述热处理在淬火之前均在真空下进行，真空加热室内的真空度不大于 200Pa 。
进一步地，上述分段升温及保温步骤包括：
使切割部件毛坯以第一速度升温到第一温度并进行第一保温；
使切割部件毛坯以低于第一速度的第二速度从第一温度升温到第二温度并进行第二次保温；
使切割部件毛坯以不高于第二速度的第三速度从第二温度升温到第三温度并进行第三次保温。
进一步地，第一速度为 9.5±1℃/min ，第一温度为 620~680℃ ，第一保温为保温 60~90min ；第二速度为 7±0.5℃/min ，第二温度为 800~850℃ ，第二保温为保温 60~90min ；第三速度为 6±0.5℃/min ，第三温度为 1100~1250℃ ，第三保温为保温 60~120min 。
优选地，第一速度为 9.5℃/min ，第一温度为 650℃ ，第一保温为保温 90min ；第二速度为 7℃/min ，第二温度为 800~850℃ ，第二保温为保温 60~90min ；第三速度为 6℃/min ，第三温度为 1100~1250℃ ，第三保温为保温 60~120min 。
进一步地，淬火为真空气淬，加热室内惰性气体压力至少为 0.5bar ，使加热室内的温度降到 100℃ 以下。
可选地，淬火为真空油淬，使用的真空淬火油温度范围在 50~80℃ 之间。
进一步地，第二金属材料采用碳含量不低于 0.7% 的高速工具钢，回火步骤包括：
将淬火后的所述切割部件毛坯升温至第四温度并进行第四保温。
优选地，第四温度为 500~560℃ ，第四保温为保温 2 小时，回火进行 3 次，每次回火前将切割部件毛坯空冷却到室温后再升温到第四温度。
可选地，第二金属材料采用碳含量不低于 0.8% 的合金工具钢，回火步骤包括：
将淬火后的切割部件毛坯升温至第五温度并进行第五保温。
进一步可选地，第五温度为 180~260℃ ，第五保温为保温 2 小时，回火进行 2 次，每次回火前将切割部件毛坯空冷却到室温后再升温到第五温度。
本发明的另一方面还提供一种切割部件，该切割部件具有用于支撑的第一部分和用于形成切割刃的第二部分，连接第一部分和第二部分的第三部分；
第一部分由第一金属材料组成，第一金属材料为硬化的不锈钢，并具有第一侧面；
第二部分由第二金属材料组成，第二金属材料为工具钢，并具有第二侧面；
第三部分由第一金属材料的第一侧面和第二金属材料的第二侧面通过高能束流焊接时形成；
在焊接后，第一部分在靠近第三部分处的金相结构、第三部分的金相结构和第二部分在靠近第三部分处的金相结构都基本不含孔洞。
进一步地，第一部分在靠近第三部分处的金相结构含马氏体、铁素体和碳化物组织，第二部分在靠近第三部分处的金相结构含隐针马氏体和部分碳化物组织。
进一步地，第一部分在靠近第三部分处的金相结构使得该处的抗拉强度不低于第一金属材料的抗拉强度；第二部分在靠近第三部分处的金相结构使得该处的抗拉强度不低于第二金属材料的抗拉强度。
进一步地，该切割部件经过热处理提升硬度，经过热处理后的第一部分的硬度在 36-54HRC 之间，第二部分的硬度在 58-72RHC 之间。
进一步地，第二部分具有用于切割的第一边缘，第一边缘是平滑的或锯齿形的。
进一步地，切割部件具有多边形的形状。
进一步地，切割部件为三角形的形状，具有与第一边缘的两端分别相交的第二边缘和第三边缘，第二边缘和第三边缘也相交；第一部分和第二部分从第二边缘延伸至所述第三边缘。
进一步地，第二边缘由至少两条线段组成，其中至少包括一段连续曲线。
进一步地，上述至少两条线段是数学上连续可导的。
优选地，第二部分的最大宽度与第一部分的最大宽度的比值为 1:15 ~ 1:3 。
本发明的又一方面提供了一种切割工具，其包括如上述制造方法制造的切割部件，或包括如上所述的切割部件。
进一步地，上述切割工具为水果刀、菜刀、实用刀、折叠刀、美工刀、单开刀、手板锯、墙板锯或曲线锯等。
本发明的切割部件兼具支撑部分（第一部分）韧性好，刃口部分（第二部分）硬度高的特点。采用本发明中的两种金属材料以及焊接方法，获得的第三部分即焊缝处的金相组织基本没有孔洞，这表明焊接连接效果良好，并且焊缝处强度较高，不容易折断。焊缝两边的支撑部分和刃口部分的金相结构也基本没有孔洞，并且支撑部分在焊接后靠近焊缝处的金相结构含马氏体、铁素体和碳化物组织，该结构提升了该部分的抗拉强度，使之至少不低于支撑部分所使用的第一金属材料原本的抗拉强度。刃口部分在焊接后靠近焊缝处的金相结构含隐针马氏体和部分碳化物组织，该结构提升了该部分的抗拉强度，使之至少不低于刃口部分所使用的第二金属材料原本的抗拉强度。
因此，本发明使用的金属材料以及焊接工艺产生的焊缝及焊缝附近的结构，克服了常规金属材料使用常规焊接工艺参数时产生焊缝的薄弱特性，使得整个刃口部分与支撑部分的连接良好，并且该连接不再是整个切割部件的薄弱部分，从而使该切割部件具有更好的使用寿命。
热处理时的升温过程，采用分阶段的升温和保温方式，温度越高时升温速度越慢，结合本发明的具体工艺参数，可以有效防止切割部件在此处理过程中的开裂。
本发明的一个具体实施方式中的三角形的构造以及切割刃曲线（即第一边缘）在数学上的连续可导性，使得该切割部件的切削效果更好。
通过本发明的金属材料组成及工艺方法，获得的切割部件的最终成品，其刀身硬度在 36-54HRC ，切割刃硬度在 58-72RHC ，兼具支撑部分的高韧性和刃口部分的高硬度 / 高耐磨性，其耐久度在 300mm 以上，大大提高了切割部件的使用寿命。
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明，以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图 1 是本发明的切割部件的一个较佳实施例的示意图，其具体为刀片。
图 2 是本发明的切割部件的一个较佳实施例的第三部分附近的金相组织。
图 3 和图 4 是本发明切割部件的一个实施例的示意图，其具体为实用刀刀片。
图 5 是本发明的切割部件的另一个实施例的示意图，其具体为美工刀刀片。
图 6 和图 7 是本发明的切割部件的再一实施例的示意图，其具体为砍刀。
图 8 和图 9 是本发明的切割部件的又一实施例的示意图，其具体为手板锯和墙板锯锯片。
具体实施方式
本发明所指的切割部件，用于对物体进行切割，包括支撑部分、刃口部分和焊缝，支撑部分起到支撑刃口部分的作用，刃口部分可用于进行切割，经过焊接形成焊缝用以连接支撑部分和刃口部分。
图 1 显示了本发明的一个实施例的切割部件，是一种刀片。该刀片限定了第一边缘 1 、第二边缘 2 和第三边缘 3 ，其中，第一边缘 1 和第二边缘 2 具有第一交点 11 ，第一边缘 1 和第三边缘 3 具有第二交点 12 ，第二边缘 2 和第三边缘 3 具有第三交点 13 。该具体实施方式中，刀片呈现一种三角的构造。
该刀片具有用于支撑的第一部分 4 ，以及用于形成切割刃的第二部分 5 。第一部分 4 沿着第二边缘 2 朝向第三边缘 3 延伸，第二部分 5 在第一边缘 1 和第一部分 4 之间朝向第三边缘 3 延伸。第一部分 4 和第二部分 5 之间还有焊接形成的第三部分 6 ，即焊缝，第三部分 6 连接第一部分 4 和第二部分 5 。
第一部分 4 由第一金属材料制成，第一金属材料具有较高的韧性，选用马氏体不锈钢。在一个优选的实施例中，该马氏体不锈钢的碳含量在 0.1~0.7% 之间，可以选自于以下牌号（中国牌号 / 美国牌号）的标准化的马氏体不锈钢，包括但不限于 2Cr13/420 、 3Cr13/420 、 4Cr13 和 7Cr17/440 等。
第二部分 5 由第二金属材料制成，第二金属材料具有较高的硬度 / 耐磨性，选用高速工具钢或合金工具钢。在一个优选的实施例中，该高速工具钢的碳含量不低于 0.7% ，并且至少含有 W 、 Cr 、 Mo 、 V 和 Co 等合金元素中的一种或多种，可以选自于以下牌号（中国牌号 / 美国牌号）的标准化的高速工具钢，包括但不限于 W18Cr4V/T1 、 W18Cr4V2Co8/T5 、 W12Cr4V5Co5/T15 、 W6Mo5Cr4V2/M2 、 W2Mo9Cr4V2/M7 和 W2Mo9Cr4VCo8/M42 。在又一个优选的实施例中，该合金工具钢的碳含量不低于 0.8% ，可以选自于以下牌号（中国牌号 / 美国牌号）的标准化的合金工具钢，包括但不限于 Cr12Mo1V1/D2 、 Cr12/D3 和 Cr5Mo1V/A2 。
在第一金属材料和第二金属材料进行焊接连接时，形成刀片的第三部分 6 。该第三部分 6 为介于第一部分和第二部分之间的焊缝。观察该焊缝的金相结构，如图 2 中的 a 所示，基本没有孔洞的形成，这表明焊缝的焊接效果好。在靠近第三部分 6 的第一部分 4 处，如图 2 中的 b 所示，焊接后其金相结构含马氏体、铁素体和碳化物组织。在靠近第三部分 6 的第二部分 5 处，如图 2 中的 c 所示，焊接后其金相结构含隐针马氏体和部分碳化物组织。上述金相组织保证了靠近第三部分 6 的第一部分 4 和第二部分 5 的抗拉强度至少和母材相当。第三部分 6 、第一部分 4 在靠近第三部分 6 处、及第二部分 5 在靠近第三部分 6 处的金相结构基本上都没有孔洞，这表明焊接处的结构强度较高，不容易断裂，因此，不容易出现第一部分和第二部分在使用过程中断开的情况，延长了刀片的使用寿命。
在一个优选的实施例中，第二部分 5 的宽度与第一部分 4 的最大宽度的数值比例在 1:15 ~ 1:3 之间，比如为 1:15 、 1:10 、 1:5 或 1:3 。在该范围中的比例设置，即保证了第二部分 4 能焊接到第一部分 5 上，又保证了第二部分 4 的不至于太宽，削弱了第一部分 5 的韧性，从而导致整个刀片容易折断。这保证了第二部分形成的切割刃的硬度和耐磨性，也保证了第一部分的较高韧性。
在又一个实施例中，刀片的第一边缘 1 由至少两条线段组成，其中包括一段连续曲线。所有组成线段形成的曲线在数学上是连续可导的。这样的切割刃曲线形式配合三角形的刀片结构，能产生良好的切削效果。
本领域技术人员可知，本发明的切割部件还可以有多种形状与构造，例如，如图 3 和图 4 所示的实用刀刀片，其具有梯形的外观，包括用于支撑的第一部分 21 、 31 ，用于形成切割刃的第二部分 22 、 32 ，以及第一部分和第二部分之间通过焊接形成的第三部分 23 、 33 ，其中第一部分 21 或 31 上具有用于与实用刀的其它部分配合的凹槽或孔洞。切割部件还可以如图 5 所示，是一种美工刀刀片，其具有平行四边形的形状，包括用于支撑的第一部分 41 ，用于形成切割刃的第二部分 42 ，以及第一部分和第二部分之间通过焊接形成的第三部分 43 。切割部件还可以如图 6 和 7 所示，是砍刀，在其第一部分 51 或 61 上具有延伸突出的手柄连接部分 511 和 611 ，该手柄连接部分可以与第一部分的材料相同，也可以不同。切割部件还可以如图 8 和 9 所示，是手板锯或墙板锯的锯片，其形成切割刃的第二部分通过磨削等方式，产生锯齿状的边缘。该锯齿状可以为双重磨齿或三重磨齿等本领域常用的锯齿形状。这些不同的实施例中，即第一部分的材料、即第二部分的材料、焊接后第三部分及其附近的金相结构均如前述实施例所述，在此不再赘述。
本领域技术人员可知，本发明的切割部件还可以具有除了上述描述之外的其它多种形状与构造。
本发明的另一方面提供如上所述的切割部件的制造方法，在一个具体实施方式中，该制造方法包括以下步骤： 1 ）对第一金属材料和第二金属材料下料， 2 ）利用高能束流焊接，如激光、电子束或离子束焊接， 3 ）对焊接后的切割部件毛坯进行热处理， 4 ）对热处理后的切割部件进行磨削以形成最终产品。
在本发明的制造方法的一个实施例中，第一金属材料采用碳含量在 0.1~0.7% 之间的马氏体不锈钢，第二金属材料选用碳含量不低于 0.7% 的高速工具钢。
首先，将第一金属材料和第二金属材料分别下料，切割成大致对应于成品切割部件的第一部分和第二部分的形状。该切割可以采用线切割或高速冲床进行，也可以采用本领域中常规使用的其他切割方式进行。切割后的第一金属材料具有较为平坦的第一侧面，切割后的第二金属材料具有较为平坦的第二侧面。
然后，采用波长 1064nm 、移动速度在 5~50mm/s 的脉冲激光，对切割后的第一金属材料的第一侧面和第二金属材料的第二侧面进行进行焊接。在本发明的另一个实施例中，还可以采用波长 1070nm±10nm 、移动速度在 5~50mm/s 的连续激光进行焊接，该连续激光由稀土掺杂的激光器产生。另外，还可以采用电子束、离子束进行焊接。
之后，对焊接后的切割部件毛坯进行热处理。该热处理包括 1 ）升温及保温； 2 ）淬火； 3 ）回火。其中，升温及保温和淬火在真空炉中进行，在淬火之前，真空加热室内的真空度不大于 200Pa 。
热处理具体为：
1 ）升温及保温：以 9.5±1℃/min 的速度升温到 620~680℃ ，保温 60~90min ；再以 7±0.5℃/min 的速度升温到 800~850℃ ，保温 60~90min ；再以 6±0.5℃/min 的速度升温到 1100~1250℃ ，保温 60~120min 。在一个优选的实施例中，以 9.5℃/min 的速度升温到 650℃ ，保温 90min ；再以 7℃/min 的速度升温到 800~850℃ ，保温 60~90min ；再以 6℃/min 的速度升温到 1100~1250℃ ，保温 60~120min ；
2 ）淬火：采用真空气淬，将惰性气体充入加热室中，使加热室内的惰性气体压力至少为 0.5bar ，冷却到 100℃ 以下（指真空炉显示温度为 100℃ 以下）。在另一实施例中，淬火采用真空油淬，使用的真空淬火油温度范围在 50~80℃ 之间。
3 ）回火：将淬火后的切割部件毛坯空冷到室温，然后升温到 500~560℃ 之间，保温 2 小时，再将该步骤重复两次，即回火一共进行三次。
最后，对热处理后的切割部件毛坯进行尺寸和形状的磨削。磨削可以采用本领域常规使用的方法进行，比如利用磨床进行。
在本发明制造方法的另一个实施例中，第一金属材料采用碳含量在 0.1~0.7% 之间的马氏体不锈钢，第二金属材料选用碳含量不低于 0.8% 的合金工具钢。
其中，下料、焊接、热处理中的升温和淬火步骤以及最后的磨削步骤如同制造方法的前一个具体实施方式中描述的，在此不再进行赘述。
热处理过程中的回火步骤具体为：将淬火后的切割部件毛坯空冷到室温，然后升温到 180~260℃ 之间，保温 2 小时，再将该步骤重复一次，即回火一共进行两次。
此外，在制造方法的再一个实施例中，对焊接后的切割部件毛坯的热处理过程也可以不在真空下进行。
通过上述具体实施方式或实施例的制造方法，在焊接后获得第三部分，其金相结构中基本不存在孔洞（如图 2 的 a 所示），这表明具体实施方式中的焊接方式，焊接连接效果好，焊接形成的第三部分处不容易折断。第一部分靠近第三部分处在焊接后会形成含马氏体、铁素体和碳化物组织的金相结构，该结构提升了该部分的抗拉强度，使之至少不低于第一部分所使用的第一金属材料原本的抗拉强度。第二部分靠近第三部分处在焊接后会形成含隐针马氏体和部分碳化物组织的进项结构，该结构提升了该部分的抗拉强度，使之至少不低于第二部分所使用的第二金属材料原本的抗拉强度。
在进行热处理后，第一部分的硬度在 36-54HRC ，这样的硬度赋予了第一部分较好的韧性，使得切割部件不容易折断。第二部分的硬度在 58-72RHC ，其赋予了第二部分很好的耐磨性，使得切割刃的使用寿命更长。
本发明的再一方面提供了一种切割工具，其包括上文所述的切割部件。该切割工具可以是水果刀、实用刀、折叠刀、美工刀、单开刀、手板锯、墙板锯或曲线锯等。
使用本发明的方法制造的刀片形成的单开刀，与现有的单开刀相比，其锋利度和耐久度如下所示：
序号 项目 锋利度 (mm) 耐久度 (mm)
1 具有本发明的制造方法产生的切割部件的单开刀 35.8 303.6
2 现有的单开刀 29.6 94.1
由此可见，具有本发明实施例的切割部件其耐久度相对于现有的单开刀刀片提高了多倍。
以上详细描述了本 发明 的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术无需创造性劳动就可以根据本 发明 的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本 发明 的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于：
    所述切割部件具有用于支撑的第一部分和用于形成切割刃的第二部分，连接所述第一部分和所述第二部分的第三部分；
    所述制造方法包括：
    提供第一金属材料，其用于形成所述第一部分，并具有第一侧面；提供第二金属材料，其用于形成所述第二部分，并具有第二侧面；
    所述第一金属材料的第一侧面和所述第二金属材料的第二侧面通过高能束流焊接，焊接处形成所述第三部分；
    焊接后获得切割部件毛坯，将所述切割部件毛坯进行热处理。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述高能束流焊接为激光、电子束或离子束焊接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述高能束流焊接为脉冲激光焊接，激光的波长为1064nm。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述高能束流焊接为连续激光焊接，该连续激光由稀土掺杂的激光器产生，激光的波长为1070nm±10nm。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，激光的运动速度为5~50mm/s。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第一金属材料为硬化的不锈钢；所述第二金属材料为工具钢。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第一金属材料为碳含量在0.1~0.7%之间的马氏体不锈钢；所述第二金属材料为碳含量不低于0.7%的高速工具钢或碳含量不低于0.8%的合金工具钢。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述碳含量不低于0.7%的高速工具钢或碳含量不低于0.8%的合金工具钢至少含有W、Cr、Mo、V、Co等合金元素中的一种或多种。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述制造方法在所述焊接前还包括如下步骤：将所述第一金属材料和所述第二金属材料进行切割，所述第二金属材料垂直于所述第一侧面的最小宽度为0.3mm。
  10. 一种切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，
    所述切割部件具有用于支撑的第一部分和用于形成切割刃的第二部分，连接所述第一部分和所述第二部分的第三部分；
    所述制造方法包括：
    提供第一金属材料，其用于形成所述第一部分，并具有第一侧面；提供第二金属材料，其用于形成所述第二部分，并具有第二侧面；所述第一金属材料为碳含量在0.1~0.7%之间的马氏体不锈钢；所述第二金属材料为碳含量不低于0.7%的高速工具钢或碳含量不低于0.8%的合金工具钢；
    所述第一金属材料的第一侧面和所述第二金属材料的第二侧面通过高能束流焊接，焊接处形成所述第三部分；
    焊接后获得切割部件毛坯，将所述切割部件毛坯进行热处理，所述热处理包括：
    使所述切割部件毛坯分段升温及保温；
    使升温后的所述切割部件毛坯淬火；
    对淬火后的所述切割部件进行多次回火。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述热处理在所述淬火之前均在真空下进行，真空加热室内的真空度不大于200Pa。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述分段升温及保温步骤包括：
    使所述切割部件毛坯以第一速度升温到第一温度并进行第一保温；
    使所述切割部件毛坯以低于所述第一速度的第二速度从所述第一温度升温到第二温度并进行第二次保温；
    使所述切割部件毛坯以不高于所述第二速度的第三速度从所述第二温度升温到第三温度并进行第三次保温。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第一速度为9.5±1℃/min，所述第一温度为620~680℃，所述第一保温为保温60~90min；所述第二速度为7±0.5℃/min，所述第二温度为800~850℃，所述第二保温为保温60~90min；所述第三速度为6±0.5℃/min，所述第三温度为1100~1250℃，所述第三保温为保温60~120min。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第一速度为9.5℃/min，所述第一温度为650℃，所述第一保温为保温90min；所述第二速度为7℃/min，所述第二温度为800~850℃，所述第二保温为保温60~90min；所述第三速度为6℃/min，所述第三温度为1100~1250℃，所述第三保温为保温60~120min。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述淬火为真空气淬，加热室内惰性气体的压力至少为0.5bar，使加热室内的温度降到100℃以下。
  16. 如权利要求10所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述淬火为真空油淬，使用的真空淬火油温度范围在50~80℃之间。
  17. 如权利要求10所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第二金属材料采用碳含量不低于0.7%的高速工具钢，所述回火步骤包括：
    将淬火后的所述切割部件毛坯升温至第四温度并进行第四保温。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第四温度为500~560℃，所述第四保温为保温2小时，所述回火进行3次，每次回火前将所述切割部件毛坯空冷却到室温后再升温到所述第四温度。
  19. 如权利要求10所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第二金属材料采用碳含量不低于0.8%的合金工具钢，所述回火步骤包括：
    将淬火后的所述切割部件毛坯升温至第五温度并进行第五保温。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的切割部件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第五温度为180~260℃，所述第五保温为保温2小时，所述回火进行2次，每次回火前将所述切割部件毛坯空冷却到室温后再升温到所述第五温度。
  21. 一种切割部件，其特征在于：
    所述切割部件具有用于支撑的第一部分和用于形成切割刃的第二部分，连接所述第一部分和所述第二部分的第三部分；
    所述第一部分由第一金属材料组成，所述第一金属材料为硬化的不锈钢，并具有第一侧面；
    所述第二部分由第二金属材料组成，所述第二金属材料为工具钢，并具有第二侧面；
    所述第三部分由所述第一金属材料的第一侧面和所述第二金属材料的第二侧面通过高能束流焊接时形成；
    在焊接后，所述第一部分在靠近所述第三部分处的金相结构、所述第三部分的金相结构和所述第二部分在靠近所述第三部分处的金相结构都基本不含孔洞。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的切割部件，其特征在于，在焊接后，所述第一部分在靠近所述第三部分处的金相结构含马氏体、铁素体和碳化物组织，所述第二部分在靠近所述第三部分处的金相结构含隐针马氏体和部分碳化物组织。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的切割部件，其特征在于，所述第一部分在靠近所述第三部分处的金相结构使得该处的抗拉强度不低于所述第一金属材料的抗拉强度；所述第二部分在靠近所述第三部分处的金相结构使得该处的抗拉强度不低于所述第二金属材料的抗拉强度。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的切割部件，其特征在于，所述切割部件经过热处理提升硬度，经过热处理后的所述第一部分的硬度在36-54HRC之间，所述第二部分的硬度在58-72RHC之间。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的切割部件，其特征在于，所述第二部分具有用于切割的第一边缘，所述第一边缘是平滑的或锯齿形的。
  26. 如权利要求25所述的切割部件，其特征在于，所述切割部件具有多边形的形状。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的切割部件，其特征在于，所述切割部件为三角形的形状，具有与所述第一边缘的两端分别相交的第二边缘和第三边缘，所述第二边缘和所述第三边缘也相交；所述第一部分和所述第二部分从所述第二边缘延伸至所述第三边缘。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的切割部件，其特征在于，所述第二边缘由至少两条线段组成，其中至少包括一段连续曲线。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的切割部件，其特征在于，所述至少两条线段是数学上连续可导的。
  30. 如权利要求27所述的切割部件，其特征在于，所述第二部分的最大宽度与所述第一部分的最大宽度的比值为1:15 ~ 1:3。
  31. 一种切割工具，其特征在于，所述切割工具包括如权利要求1-4和6-20所述的切割部件的制造方法制造的切割部件，或包括如权利要求21-30所述的切割部件。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的切割工具，其特征在于，所述切割工具为水果刀、菜刀、实用刀、折叠刀、美工刀、单开刀、手板锯、墙板锯或曲线锯。
PCT/CN2016/092092 2016-07-28 2016-07-28 切割部件及其制造方法 WO2018018506A1 (zh)

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US16/320,634 US11577303B2 (en) 2016-07-28 2016-07-28 Manufacturing method of a cutting member
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