WO2018016286A1 - 電子源およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
電子源およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018016286A1 WO2018016286A1 PCT/JP2017/023933 JP2017023933W WO2018016286A1 WO 2018016286 A1 WO2018016286 A1 WO 2018016286A1 JP 2017023933 W JP2017023933 W JP 2017023933W WO 2018016286 A1 WO2018016286 A1 WO 2018016286A1
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- electron emission
- electron
- electron source
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- support member
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 199
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UOYHMMHRCBBMON-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium iridium Chemical compound [Ce].[Ir] UOYHMMHRCBBMON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/14—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material
- H01J1/148—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material with compounds having metallic conductive properties, e.g. lanthanum boride, as an emissive material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/06—Electron sources; Electron guns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/022—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes
- H01J9/025—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes of field emission cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
- H01J2201/30—Cold cathodes
- H01J2201/304—Field emission cathodes
- H01J2201/30403—Field emission cathodes characterised by the emitter shape
- H01J2201/30426—Coatings on the emitter surface, e.g. with low work function materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2209/00—Apparatus and processes for manufacture of discharge tubes
- H01J2209/01—Generalised techniques
- H01J2209/012—Coating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/06—Sources
- H01J2237/063—Electron sources
- H01J2237/06325—Cold-cathode sources
- H01J2237/06341—Field emission
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electron source used in an electron microscope using an electron beam, a semiconductor drawing apparatus, a semiconductor photomask drawing apparatus, and the like, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Patent Documents 1 to 6 and Non-Patent Document 1 in the electron source, by covering the periphery of the electron emitting material with a graphite member, the region where electrons are emitted can be limited, and the luminance can be improved and the surplus current can be suppressed.
- the technology to make is disclosed.
- the inventors examined the technique of the above document and found that the consumption of the electron emission material may not be sufficiently suppressed depending on the technique of the above document.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides an electron source capable of suppressing the consumption of the electron-emitting material.
- the present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
- An electron source having an electron emission material and an electron emission limiting material covering a side surface of the electron emission material, wherein a work function of the electron emission limitation material is higher than a work function of the electron emission material
- An electron source wherein the electron emission limiting material has a heat radiation rate lower than that of the electron emission material.
- the electron source according to (1), wherein the electron emitting material contains at least one of lanthanum boride, cerium boride, and iridium cerium.
- the electron source according to (1) or (2), wherein the side surface of the electron-emitting material includes a (100) crystal plane at an outer peripheral portion.
- the electron emission limiting material includes at least one of metal tantalum, metal titanium, metal zirconium, metal tungsten, metal molybdenum, metal rhenium, tantalum carbide, titanium carbide, and zirconium carbide (1).
- the end face of the electron emission material and the end face of the electron emission limiting material are on the same plane, and the normal of the plane is the electron emission direction (1) to (4) )
- the electron source according to any one of (6) The electron source according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the electron emission limiting material is a thin film.
- the electron source according to (6), wherein the thin film has a thickness of 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m.
- An insertion step is provided between the application step and the solidification step, and in the insertion step, the electron-emitting material coated with the paste is inserted into an opening provided in a support member.
- Manufacturing method of electron source is provided between the application step and the solidification step, and in the insertion step, the electron-emitting material coated with the paste is inserted into an opening provided in a support member.
- FIG. 1 shows an electron source 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view through the center of the electron source 1.
- FIG. 2A is a perspective view showing a manufacturing process of the electron source 1
- FIG. 2A shows the electron emission material 3
- FIG. 2B shows a state in which the paste 4 p including the electron emission restriction material 4 is applied to the side surface 3 b of the electron emission material 3.
- 2C shows a state in which the electron emission material 3 coated with the paste 4p is inserted into the opening 5d of the support member 5
- FIG. 2D shows a thin film of the electron emission limiting material 4 formed by solidifying the paste 4p.
- covers the electron emission material 3 is shown.
- FIG. 3A is a perspective view
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view passing through the center of the electron source 1.
- an electron source 1 includes an electron emission material 3 and an electron emission limiting material 4 that covers a side surface 3b of the electron emission material 3.
- the work function of the electron emission limiting material 4 is higher than the work function of the electron emission material 3.
- the heat radiation rate of the electron emission limiting material 4 is lower than the heat radiation rate of the electron emission material 3.
- a support member 5 is provided around the electron emission limiting material 4.
- the electron source 1 can be used by heating with a heater.
- the configuration of the heater is not limited as long as it can heat the electron source 1.
- the heater is, for example, a graphite or tungsten heater. Electrons are emitted from the end surface (electron emission portion) 3a of the electron emission material 3 by heating the electron source 1 with a heater while a high electric field is applied in a vacuum.
- the electron emission material 3 is a material that emits electrons by heating.
- Examples of the electron emission material 3 include rare earth borides such as lanthanum boride (LaB 6 ) and cerium boride (CeB 6), and iridium cerium (Ir5Ce). ).
- the work function and thermal emissivity are lanthanum boride: 2.8 eV, 0.77, cerium boride: 2.8 eV, 0.76, iridium cerium: 2.6 eV, 0.45, respectively.
- the electron emission material 3 is preferably a single crystal processed so that the ⁇ 100> orientation that has a low work function and easily emits electrons coincides with the electron emission direction.
- the electron emission material 3 can be formed into a desired shape by electric discharge machining or the like.
- the shape of the electron emission material 3 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 1 or a quadrangular prism shape as shown in FIG.
- the length of the electron emission material 3 is preferably 0.2 to 3 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mm, and even more preferably about 1 mm.
- the diameter is preferably 0.02 to 0.3 mm, more preferably 0.05 to 0.15 mm, and further preferably about 0.1 mm.
- one side is preferably 0.02 to 0.3 mm, more preferably 0.05 to 0.15 mm, and further preferably about 0.1 mm.
- the handleability is poor, and when it exceeds 3 mm, it is difficult to raise the temperature.
- the evaporation of the electron emission material 3 from the side surface 3b of the electron emission material 3 is suppressed by the electron emission limiting material 4 covering the side surface 3b of the electron emission material 3.
- the electron emission limiting material 4 preferably covers the entire circumference of the side surface 3 b of the electron emission material 3.
- the side surface 3b of the electron emission material 3 generally does not define the crystal orientation, but since the bonds between atoms are denser in the lower crystal plane, the evaporation rate is considered to be slower. It is desirable that the (100) crystal plane be provided at the outer peripheral portion by processing the crystal into four (100) crystal orientations on the side surfaces.
- the electron emission limiting material 4 is a material having a work function higher than that of the electron emission material 3 and lower than that of the electron emission material 3. Since the work function of the electron emission limiting material 4 is higher than that of the electron emission material 3, electrons are emitted from the side surface 3 b of the electron emission material 3 by covering the side surface 3 b of the electron emission material 3 with the electron emission limitation material 4. It is suppressed. In addition, since the heat radiation rate of the electron emission limiting material 4 is lower than that of the electron emission material 3, the temperature increase of the electron emission material 3 is suppressed by covering the side surface 3 b of the electron emission material 3 with the electron emission limitation material 4. The electron emission limiting material 4 preferably has a lower heat emissivity than the support member 5. In this case, the temperature rise of the electron emission material 3 is further suppressed.
- the work function difference determined by (work function of the electron emission limiting material 4) ⁇ (work function of the electron emission material 3) is preferably 1.0 eV or more, more preferably 1.4 eV or more, and further preferably 1.6 eV or more.
- the difference in thermal radiation rate determined by (thermal radiation rate of electron emission material 3) ⁇ (thermal radiation rate of electron emission limiting material 4) is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more, and 0.2 or more. More preferred is 0.3 or more. If the work function is not different from a certain value, the emission current from the side surface cannot be suppressed. Also, if the emissivity is not more than a certain value, the evaporation suppression effect cannot be obtained.
- the electron emission limiting material 4 preferably contains a refractory metal or a carbide thereof, and at least one of metal tantalum, metal titanium, metal zirconium, metal tungsten, metal molybdenum, metal rhenium, tantalum carbide, titanium carbide, and zirconium carbide. It is preferable to contain. Further, the electron emission limiting material 4 may include at least one of boron carbide and graphite. The electron emission limiting material 4 may include at least one of niobium, hafnium, and vanadium.
- each electron emission limiting material 4 The work function and thermal emissivity of each electron emission limiting material 4 are as shown in Table 1.
- the thermal emissivity of each material used in this specification is quoted from “New edition, High melting point compound physical properties manual ⁇ below” published by Nisso News Agency 1994 ”and“ Revised 2 edition Metal Data Book Maruzen Co., Ltd. 1984 ”. did.
- the overall work function and the heat radiation rate of the electron emission limiting material 4 are determined by the volume ratio of all the substances constituting the electron emission limiting material 4. .
- the electron emission limiting material 4 includes metal tantalum and boron carbide and the volume ratio is 0.38: 0.62
- the volume ratio can be calculated from the weight ratio and density.
- all substances constituting the electron emission limiting material 4 have a work function higher than that of the electron emission material 3 and lower than a heat radiation rate of the electron emission material 3.
- some substances constituting the electron emission limiting material 4 may have a work function lower than that of the electron emission material 3 or higher than a heat radiation rate of the electron emission material 3. Even in this case, it is essential that the overall work function of the electron emission limiting material 4 is higher than that of the electron emission material 3, and the overall thermal emissivity of the electron emission limiting material 4 is lower than that of the electron emission material 3.
- the electron emission limiting material 4 is preferably a thin film, and the thickness is preferably 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.2 to 1 ⁇ m, and further preferably 0.3 to 0.7 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 0.1 ⁇ m or exceeds 2 ⁇ m, problems such as peeling or poor adhesion may occur.
- the end surface 3a of the electron emission material 3 and the end surface 4a of the electron emission limiting material 4 are on the same plane, and the normal line of the plane is the electron emission direction. .
- a support member 5 is provided around the electron emission limiting material 4. By providing the support member 5, the electron emission limiting material 4 is prevented from being damaged.
- the support member 5 is an optional element, and can be omitted if unnecessary.
- the support member 5 has an opening 5d.
- the support member 5 is made to have the electron emission restriction material 4 as shown in FIG. Can be provided around.
- the support member 5 is preferably provided in close contact with the electron emission limiting material 4, and more preferably provided in close contact with the entire circumference of the electron emission limiting material 4.
- the space between the electron emission material 3 and the support member 5 is filled with the electron emission limiting material 4 without a gap.
- the heat generated in the electron emission material 3 is quickly transmitted to the support member 5 through the electron emission limiting material 4, an excessive temperature rise is suppressed.
- the support member 5 is preferably made of graphite. Since graphite has a high work function, even if the thickness of the electron emission limiting material 4 is locally reduced by forming the support member 5 from graphite, the side surface 3b of the electron emission material 3 is supported by the support member 5. Electron emission from is suppressed. Further, since the reactivity between the electron emission material 3 and graphite is very low, the electron emission material 3 and the support member 5 react even if the thickness of the electron emission restriction material 4 is locally reduced. It is suppressed.
- the support member 5 includes a side surface 5a, a tapered surface 5b, and an end surface 5c.
- the side surface 5a and the end surface 5c are connected by a tapered surface 5b, and the support member 5 is tapered toward the end surface 5c.
- the end surface 5c is on the same plane as the end surface 3a and the end surface 4a.
- the electron source 1 can be formed by coating the side surface 3 b of the electron emission material 3 with the electron emission limiting material 4.
- a method of forming a thin film of the electron emission limiting material 4 on the side surface 3b by vapor deposition (CVD or PVD), or a paste after applying the paste 4p containing the electron emission limiting material 4 to the side surface 3b of the electron emission material 3 A method for solidifying 4p is exemplified. The latter method is excellent in that the production equipment is simple, and the latter method will be described in detail below.
- An example of the manufacturing method of the electron source 1 by paste application includes an application process, an insertion process, a solidification process, and a polishing process. If the support member 5 is not provided, an insertion process is not necessary. Further, the polishing step can be omitted.
- a paste 4p including the electron emission limiting material 4 is applied to the side surface 3b of the electron emission material 3.
- the paste 4p may be applied to the entire side surface 3b, or may be applied to a portion other than the vicinity of the tip 3c as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the paste 4p is preferably applied so that the thickness after the solidification step becomes the thickness of the electron emission limiting material 4 described above.
- the paste 4 p is preferably formed with a thickness that can fill the gap between the inner surface of the opening 5 d and the outer surface of the electron emission material 3.
- the paste 4p can be formed by dispersing the powder of the electron emission limiting material 4 in a dispersion medium.
- a dispersion medium water, an organic solvent, or the like can be used, and water is preferable.
- the powder of the electron emission limiting material 4 may be composed of only a powder of a refractory metal (eg, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium). Ceramic powder such as carbide (eg, boron carbide) may be included. The ceramic powder preferably has a solid content of 10 parts by volume or more and 200 parts by volume or less with respect to 100 parts by volume of the metal powder. If the amount of the ceramic powder is too large, the bonding force is inferior. On the other hand, if the amount is too small, the temporary adhesiveness before bonding is poor, and there is a problem in terms of workability.
- a refractory metal eg, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium.
- Ceramic powder such as carbide (eg, boron carbide) may be
- the opening 5d of the support member 5 can be formed by machining.
- the size of the cross section of the opening 5d is formed to be larger than the size of the cross section of the electron emission material 3.
- the size of the opening 5d is, for example, a diameter of 0.15 mm ⁇ a depth of 0.8 mm.
- the tip 3c of the electron emission material 3 protrudes from the support member 5 in a state where the electron emission material 3 is inserted into the opening 5d.
- the electron emission material 3 coated with the paste 4p is inserted into the opening 5d, and the paste 4p is solidified by performing a vacuum heat treatment, thereby limiting the electron emission.
- the electron emission material 3 can be covered with a thin film of the material 4. Further, the electron emission material 3 and the electron emission limiting material 4 can be fixed to the support member 5 by solidifying the paste 4p.
- the tip 3c of the electron emission material 3 is polished using a polishing member such as polishing paper or a wrapping film.
- a polishing member such as polishing paper or a wrapping film.
- a paste 4p was prepared by dissolving tantalum powder, which is the electron emission limiting material 4, with water, and applied to the side surface 3b of the electron emission material 3. Then, the electron emission material 3 coated with the paste 4p was inserted into the opening 5d of the support member 5.
- pyrolytic graphite As a heater, pyrolytic graphite was cut into a size of 0.7 mm ⁇ 0.7 mm ⁇ 0.7 mm. Then, the support member 5 was sandwiched between the heater blocks by the support columns and assembled so as to be pressurized.
- the paste 4p was solidified by energizing under vacuum of 10 ⁇ 5 Pa level and holding at 1600 ° C. for 2 minutes.
- a structure in which the electron emission material 3 covered with the electron emission limiting material 4 was inserted into the opening 5d was obtained.
- the tip 3 c of the electron emission material 3 protrudes from the support member 5.
- the support member 5 is removed from the support column, and the tip 3c of the electron emission material 3 is polished with abrasive paper, and the end surface 3a of the electron emission material 3, the end surface 4a of the electron emission limiting material 4, and the end surface 5c of the support member 5 are obtained.
- Example 2 As the electron emission limiting material 4, instead of tantalum powder, a powder obtained by mixing tantalum powder and boron carbide (trade name: DENKABORON CARBIDE # 1000) at a volume ratio shown in Table 2, and solidifying the paste 4p An electron source 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature to be changed was changed to 1550 ° C.
- a powder obtained by mixing tantalum powder and boron carbide (trade name: DENKABORON CARBIDE # 1000) at a volume ratio shown in Table 2, and solidifying the paste 4p
- An electron source 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature to be changed was changed to 1550 ° C.
- Example 4 An electron source 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that cerium boride was used as the electron emission material 3 instead of lanthanum boride.
- Example 5 As the electron emission material 3, the side surface of the lanthanum boride single crystal with the ⁇ 100> direction as the major axis is subjected to electric discharge machining to produce a square columnar rod of length 0.1 mm ⁇ width 0.1 mm ⁇ length 1 mm. did. The electric discharge machining was performed so that the (100) crystal plane was the outer periphery.
- Example 2 Thereafter, a tantalum thin film having a film thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m was formed on the surface of the electron emission material 3 by using the CVD method. Next, after a colloidal carbon paste was applied to the side surface 3b of the electron emission material 3, the electron source 1 was produced under the same conditions as in Example 2.
- Example 6 An electron source 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that instead of tantalum, a metal of the type shown in Table 2 was used.
- An electron source 1 was produced by the same process as in Example 1 except that a powder obtained by mixing tantalum powder and boron carbide at a volume ratio shown in Table 2 was used as the electron emission limiting material 4 instead of tantalum powder.
- the electron source 1 was assembled on a support and sandwiched between graphite heaters. Next, for the purpose of heat resistance evaluation, the electron source 1 is taken out after continuous heating for 2 weeks at 1550 ° C. which is a temperature during normal operation under a vacuum of 10 ⁇ 5 Pa, and the state of wear of the outer periphery of the electron emission material 3 is removed. Was observed from the side of the end surface 3a with a scanning electron microscope, and the remaining diameter of the end surface 3a serving as the electron emission portion was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the electron emission limiting material 4 was higher than the electron emission material 3 in all the examples and comparative examples.
- the electron emission limiting material 4 is lower than the electron emission material 3
- the electron emission limiting material 4 is lower than the electron emission material 3. Higher than.
- Electron source 3 Electron emission material 3 a: End face 3 b: Side face 3 c: Front end 3 d: Opening 4: Electron emission limiting material 4 a: End face 4 p: Paste 5: Support member 5 a: Side face 5 b: Tapered face 5 c: End face 5 d: Opening
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
- Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(1)電子放出材料と、前記電子放出材料の側面を被覆する電子放出制限材料とを有する電子源であって、前記電子放出制限材料の仕事関数が前記電子放出材料の仕事関数よりも高く、前記電子放出制限材料の熱輻射率が電子放出材料の熱輻射率よりも低いことを特徴とする電子源。
(2)前記電子放出材料が、ホウ化ランタン、ホウ化セリウム及びイリジウムセリウムの少なくとも一つ以上を含むことを特徴とする(1)に記載の電子源。
(3)前記電子放出材料の側面が、(100)面の結晶面を外周部に備えることを特徴とする(1)または(2)に記載の電子源。
(4)前記電子放出制限材料が、金属タンタル、金属チタン、金属ジルコニウム、金属タングステン、金属モリブデン、金属レニウム、炭化タンタル、炭化チタン及び炭化ジルコニウムから少なくとも一つ以上を含むことを特徴とする(1)~(3)のいずれか一項に記載の電子源。
(5)前記電子放出材料の端面と前記電子放出制限材料の端面とが同一平面上にあり、かつ、その平面の法線が電子の放出方向であることを特徴とする(1)~(4)のいずれか一項に記載の電子源。
(6)前記電子放出制限材料は、薄膜である、(1)~(5)のいずれか一項に記載の電子源。
(7)前記薄膜は、厚さが0.1~2μmである、(6)に記載の電子源。
(8)前記電子放出制限材料の周囲に支持部材を備えることを特徴とする(1)~(7)のいずれか一項に記載の電子源。
(9)前記支持部材は、前記電子放出制限材料に密着している、(8)に記載の電子源。
(10)前記支持部材は、黒鉛からなる、(8)又は(9)に記載の電子源。
(11)(1)~(10)のいずれか1項に記載の電子源の製造方法であって、塗布工程と、固化工程を備え、前記塗布工程では、前記電子放出制限材料を含むペーストを前記電子放出材料の側面に塗布し、前記固化工程では、前記ペーストを固化させる、電子源の製造方法。
(12)前記塗布工程と前記固化工程の間に挿入工程を備え、前記挿入工程では、前記ペーストが塗布された前記電子放出材料が、支持部材に設けられた開口内に挿入される、(11)に記載の電子源の製造方法。
図1~図2に示すように、本発明の一実施形態にかかる電子源1は、電子放出材料3と、電子放出材料3の側面3bを被覆する電子放出制限材料4とを有する。電子放出制限材料4の仕事関数は、電子放出材料3の仕事関数よりも高い。電子放出制限材料4の熱輻射率は、電子放出材料3の熱輻射率よりも低い。好ましくは、電子放出制限材料4の周囲に、支持部材5が設けられる。
電子放出材料3は、加熱によって電子を放出する材料であり、電子放出材料3の例としては、ホウ化ランタン(LaB6)、ホウ化セリウム(CeB6)などの希土類ホウ化物及びイリジウムセリウム(Ir5Ce)が挙げられる。仕事関数と熱輻射率はそれぞれ、ホウ化ランタン:2.8eV、0.77、ホウ化セリウム:2.8eV、0.76、イリジウムセリウム:2.6eV、0.45である。
電子放出制限材料4は、電子放出材料3よりも仕事関数が高く、電子放出材料3よりも熱輻射率よりも低い材料である。電子放出制限材料4の仕事関数が電子放出材料3よりも高いために、電子放出制限材料4で電子放出材料3の側面3bを被覆することによって電子放出材料3の側面3bからの電子の放出が抑制される。また、電子放出制限材料4の熱輻射率が電子放出材料3よりも低いために、電子放出制限材料4で電子放出材料3の側面3bを被覆することによって電子放出材料3の温度上昇が抑制される。また、電子放出制限材料4は、支持部材5よりも熱輻射率が低いことが好ましい。この場合、電子放出材料3の温度上昇がさらに抑制される。
本実施形態では、電子放出制限材料4の周囲に支持部材5が設けられている。支持部材5を設けることによって電子放出制限材料4が損傷することが抑制される。支持部材5は任意の要素であり、不要な場合には省略可能である。
次に、電子源1の製造方法について説明する。電子源1は、電子放出材料3の側面3bを電子放出制限材料4で被覆することによって形成することができる。その方法としては、蒸着(CVDやPVD)によって電子放出制限材料4の薄膜を側面3bに形成する方法や、電子放出制限材料4を含むペースト4pを電子放出材料3の側面3bに塗布した後にペースト4pを固化する方法が例示される。後者の方法は、製造設備が簡易である点で優れており、以下、後者の方法を詳細に説明する。
図2A~図2Bに示すように、塗布工程では、電子放出制限材料4を含むペースト4pを電子放出材料3の側面3bに塗布する。ペースト4pは側面3bの全体に塗布してもよく、図2Bに示すように先端3c近傍以外の部位に塗布してもよい。ペースト4pは、固化工程後の厚さが上述した電子放出制限材料4の厚さになるように塗布することが好ましい。電子源1が支持部材5を備える場合には、ペースト4pは、開口5dの内面と電子放出材料3の外面の間の隙間を充填可能な厚さで形成することが好ましい。
図2B~図2Cに示すように、挿入工程では、ペースト4pが塗布された電子放出材料3が、支持部材5に設けられた開口5d内に挿入される。
次に、図2C~図2Dに示すように、ペースト4pが塗布された電子放出材料3が開口5dに挿入された状態で、真空加熱処理を行うことによってペースト4pを固化させて、電子放出制限材料4の薄膜で電子放出材料3を被覆することができる。また、ペースト4pの固化によって電子放出材料3及び電子放出制限材料4を支持部材5に固定することができる。
次に、電子放出材料3の先端3cを研磨紙あるいはラッピングフィルムなどの研磨部材を用いて研磨する。こうすることで、電子放出材料3の端面3a、電子放出制限材料4の端面4a、及び支持部材5の端面5cが同一平面上にあるようになり、図1に示す電子源1が得られる。
(実施例1)
電子放出材料3として、ホウ化ランタン単結晶を<100>方向を長軸とした直径0.1mm×1mmの形状の円柱状の棒を放電加工により作製した。側面の結晶方位を限定する事は難しいが、(100)からは約45度ずれていた。
電子放出制限材料4として、タンタル粉の代わりに、タンタル粉と炭化ホウ素(商品名:デンカボロンカーバイド#1000)を表2に示す体積比率で混合した粉体を用いた点、及びペースト4pを固化させる温度を1550℃に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で電子源1を得た。
電子放出材料3として、ホウ化ランタンの代わりに、ホウ化セリウムを用いた点以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で電子源1を得た。
電子放出材料3として、<100>方向を長軸としたホウ化ランタン単結晶の側面に放電加工を施して、縦0.1mm×横0.1mm×長さ1mmの四角柱形状の棒を作製した。放電加工は、(100)面の結晶面が外周部となるように施した。
タンタルの代わりに、表2に示す種類の金属を用いた点以外は、実施例5と同様の方法で電子源1を得た。
ペーストとしてコロイド状カーボンのみを使用した以外は、実施例1と同じプロセスで電子源1を作製した。
ペーストとしてコロイド状カーボンのみを使用した以外は、実施例4と同じプロセスで電子源1を作製した。
電子放出制限材料4として、タンタル粉の代わりに、タンタル粉と炭化ホウ素を表2に示す体積比率で混合した粉体を用いた以外は、実施例1と同じプロセスで電子源1を作製した。
まず、電子源1を支柱に組み付け、黒鉛ヒーターで挟んだ。次に、耐熱性評価を目的として、電子源1を10-5Pa台の真空下で通常動作時の温度である1550℃で2週間連続加熱後に取り出し、電子放出材料3の外周部の消耗状態を走査型電子顕微鏡により端面3a側から観察し、電子放出部となる端面3aの残存径を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
3 :電子放出材料
3a :端面
3b :側面
3c :先端
3d :開口
4 :電子放出制限材料
4a :端面
4p :ペースト
5 :支持部材
5a :側面
5b :テーパー面
5c :端面
5d :開口
Claims (12)
- 電子放出材料と、前記電子放出材料の側面を被覆する電子放出制限材料とを有する電子源であって、
前記電子放出制限材料の仕事関数が前記電子放出材料の仕事関数よりも高く、前記電子放出制限材料の熱輻射率が電子放出材料の熱輻射率よりも低いことを特徴とする電子源。 - 前記電子放出材料が、ホウ化ランタン、ホウ化セリウム及びイリジウムセリウムの少なくとも一つ以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子源。
- 前記電子放出材料の側面が、(100)面の結晶面を外周部に備えることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の電子源。
- 前記電子放出制限材料が、金属タンタル、金属チタン、金属ジルコニウム、金属タングステン、金属モリブデン、金属レニウム、炭化タンタル、炭化チタン及び炭化ジルコニウムから少なくとも一つ以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の電子源。
- 前記電子放出材料の端面と前記電子放出制限材料の端面とが同一平面上にあり、かつ、その平面の法線が電子の放出方向であることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の電子源。
- 前記電子放出制限材料は、薄膜である、請求項1~請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の電子源。
- 前記薄膜は、厚さが0.1~2μmである、請求項6に記載の電子源。
- 前記電子放出制限材料の周囲に支持部材を備えることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の電子源。
- 前記支持部材は、前記電子放出制限材料に密着している、請求項8に記載の電子源。
- 前記支持部材は、黒鉛からなる、請求項8又は請求項9に記載の電子源。
- 請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の電子源の製造方法であって、
塗布工程と、固化工程を備え、
前記塗布工程では、前記電子放出制限材料を含むペーストを前記電子放出材料の側面に塗布し、
前記固化工程では、前記ペーストを固化させる、電子源の製造方法。 - 前記塗布工程と前記固化工程の間に挿入工程を備え、
前記挿入工程では、前記ペーストが塗布された前記電子放出材料が、支持部材に設けられた開口内に挿入される、請求項11に記載の電子源の製造方法。
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EP3489986A4 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
US11152185B2 (en) | 2021-10-19 |
US10957511B2 (en) | 2021-03-23 |
US20210193427A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
KR20190030703A (ko) | 2019-03-22 |
JPWO2018016286A1 (ja) | 2019-05-09 |
US10553390B2 (en) | 2020-02-04 |
EP3489986A1 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
EP4156226A3 (en) | 2023-06-14 |
CN109478484A (zh) | 2019-03-15 |
US20200126750A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 |
KR102399340B1 (ko) | 2022-05-17 |
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